κατά, [on its neglect of elision before a vowel see Tf. Proleg. p. 95; cf. W. § 5, 1a.; B.10; WH. App. p. 1405], a preposition denoting motion or diffusion or direction from the higher to the lower; as in class. Grk., joined with the gen. and the acc. I. With the Genitive (W. § 47, k. p. 381 (357); [B. § 147, 20]); 1. prop. a. down from, down: κατὰ κατά 8 τοῦ κρημνοῦ, Mt. viii. 32; ΜΚ. v.13; Lk. viii. 33; κατέχεεν κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς (so that it flowed down from his head [οἷς W. 381 (357) note]; but it is more correct here to omit κατά with LT Tr WH; see καταχέω), Mk. xiv. 3; hence κατὰ κεφαλῆς (a veil hanging down from his head) ἔχων, 1 Co. xi. 4 ([Δ. V. having his head covered] cf. καταπέτασμα [or rather κάλυμμα (q. v.), but 566 ἔχω I. 1b.]). Ὁ. down upon (down into) anything: Acts xxvii. 14 [W. 381 (357) note!; ef. B.D. Am. ed. s. ν. Crete]; trop. 7 κατὰ βάθους πτωχεία reaching down into the depth, i. e. deep or extreme poverty, 2 Co. viii. 2 (cf. Strabo 9, 5 p- 419 ἐστὶ τὸ μαντεῖον ἄντρον κοῖλον κατὰ βάθους). Ὁ: used of motion or extension through a space from top to bottom; hence through, throughout: in the N. T. [and in Luke’s writ.; B. § 147, 20] everywh. with the adj. ὅλος, as καθ᾽ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου τῆς ᾿Ιουδαίας, τῆς ᾿Ιόππης, Lk. iv. 14; xxiii. 5; Actsix. 31; x. 87, (διεσπάρησαν κατὰ τῆς νήσου, Polyb. 3,19, 7; ἐσκεδασμένοι κατὰ τῆς χώρας, 1, 17, 10; 8, 10,10; μὴ παραβαίνειν τὰς ἁρματοτροχίας, ἀλλὰ κατ᾽ αὐτῶν ἰέναι, Ael. ν. h. 2, 27). 2. metaph. a. after verbs of swearing, adjuring, (the hand being, as it were, placed down upon the thing sworn by [ef. Buhdy. p. 238; Kiihner ὃ 433 fin.]), by: Mt. xxvi. 63; Heb. vi. 13, 16, (Is. xlv. 23; 2 Chr. xxxvi. 13; Judith i. 12; Dem. 553,17; 554, 23). b. against (prop. down upon [W. 382 (358)]; Hebr.5y): opp. to ὑπέρ, Mk. ix. 40; 2Co. xiii. 8; Ro. viii. 31; opp. to pera, Mt. xii. 30; Lk. xi. 23; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Gal. v.17; εἰπεῖν πονηρὸν (ῥῆμα), Mt.v. 11; λαλεῖν, Acts vi. 13; Jude 15; μαρτυρία, Mk. xiv. 55; Mt. xxvi. 59; μαρτυρεῖν, 1 Co. xv. 15 [here many take k. i. q. with regard to, of; cf. De Wette ad loc. ; Lob. ad Phryn. p. 272]; ψευδομαρτυρεῖν, Mk. xiv. 56 sq. ; γογγύζειν, Mt. xx.11 (Ex. xv. 24 Alex.) ; διδάσκειν, Acts xxi. 28; ψεύδεσθαι, Jas. iii. 14 (Xen. apol. 13) ; συμβούλιον λαβεῖν or ποιεῖν, Mt. xxvii. 1; Mk. iii. 6; αἰτεῖσθαί τι, Acts xxv. 3,15; after verbs of accusing, etc. : ἔχειν τι, Mt. y. 23; Mk. xi. 25; Rev. ii. 4, 14, 20; κατηγορεῖν, Lk. xxiii. 14; κατηγορία, Jn. xviii. 29 [Tdf. om. κατά] ; ἐγκαλεῖν, Ro. Vili. 33; ἐντυγχάνειν τινί, Ro. xi. 2; add, Acts xxiv. 1; xxv. 2; Jas. v.95; τὸ χειρόγραφον, Col. ii. 14; κρίσιν ποιεῖν, Jude 15; after verbs of rebelling, fighting, prevailing: Mt. x. 35; xii. 25; Acts xiv. 2; 1 Co. iv. 6; 2Co. x. 5; 1 Pet. ii. 11; [Rev. xii. 7 Ree.]; ἰσχύειν, Acts xix. 16; ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν, Jn. xix. 11. II. With the Accusative; cf. W. § 49d.; Bnhdy. p. 239 sqq- 1. of Place; a. of the place through which anything is done or is extended (prop. down through; opp. to ἀνά, up through): καθ᾽ ὅλην τὴν πόλιν κηρύσσειν, Lk. viii. 39; ἐκφέρειν κατὰ τὰς πλατείας, Acts ν- 15[. 6]: add, Lk. τς. 6; xiii. 22; xv.14; Acts viii. 1; xi. 1; xv. 28; xxi. 21; xxiv. 5,12; xxvii. 2; τοὺς κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη (throughout Gentile lands) πάντας Ιουδαίους, Acts xxi. 21, cf. Grimm on 2 Mace. i. 1; κατὰ τὴν ὁδόν, along the way i. e. on the journey [W. 400 (374) note 1], Lk. x. 4; Acts viii. 36; xxv. 3; xxvi. 13; along (Lat. secundum or praeter [R. V. off ]), πέλαγος τὸ κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν, Acts xxvii. 5. b. of the place to which one is brought (down): γενόμενος [Tr WH om. y.] κατὰ τὸν τόπον [ἐλ7 κατά θών ete.], Lk. x. 32 [ef. Field, Otium Norv. Pars iii. ad loc.]; ἐλθόντες κατὰ τὴν Μυσίαν, Acts xvi. 7; κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον, Acts xxvii. 7; κατ᾽ αὐτόν, (came) to him, i. 6. to the place where he was lying, Lk. x. 33. c. of direction; towards: Λιβύη ἡ κατὰ Κυρήνην, that Libya which lay towards Cyrene, i. e. Libya of Cyrene (i. e. the chief city of which was Cyrene), Acts ii. 10; βλέπειν, to look, lie towards (see βλέπω, 3), Acts xxvii. 12; πορεύεσθαι κατὰ μεσημβρίαν, Acts viii. 26; κατὰ σκοπόν, towards the goal, my eye on the goal, Phil. iii. 14. against (Lat. adversus w. the ace.) ; over against, opposite: κατὰ πρόσωπον, to the face, Gal. ii. 11 (see πρόσωπον, 1a.); i. 4- present, Acts xxv. 16 [A. V. face to face]; 2 Co. x.1; w. gen. of pers. added, before the face of, in the presence of, one: Lk. ii. 31; Acts iii. 13; τὰ κατὰ πρόσωπον, the things that are open to view, known to all, 2 Co. x. 7; κατ᾽ ὀφθαλμούς, before the eyes, Gal. iii. 1; here, too, ace. to some [cf. W. 400 (374) note 8] belongs κατὰ θεόν, Ro. viii. 27, but it is more correctly referred te 3 6. a. below. ἃ. of the place where: κατ᾽ οἶκον (upp. to ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ), at home, privately [W. 400 (374) note 1], Acts ii. 46; v. 42. e. of that which so joins itself to one thing as to separate itself from another; our for, by: κατ᾽ ἰδίαν, apart, see ἴδιος, 2; καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν, alone (by himself), Acts xxviii. 16; Jas. ii. 17 [R. V. in itself], (2 Mace. xiii. 13; of καθ᾽ αὑτοὺς Ἕλληνες, Thue. 1, 138; of Βοιωτοὶ καθ᾽ αὑτούς, Diod. 13, 72; other exx. are given by Alberti, Observv. ete. p. 293; Loesner, Observv. e Philone p. 460 sq.); ἔχειν τε καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν, to have a thing by and to one’s self, i. e. to keep it hidden in one’s mind, Ro. xiv. 22 (Joseph. antt. 2,11, 1; Heliod. 7, 16; [ef. W. 401 (375) note!]); hence, of that which belongs to some pers. or thing: κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν, belonging to [A. V. in] the church that was there, Acts xiii. 1; ἡ ἐκκλησία κατ᾽ οἶκόν τινος, belonging to one’s household (see ἐκκλησία, 4 Ὁ. aa.); hence it forms a periphrasis — now for the gen., as τὰ κατὰ ᾿Ιουδαίους ἔθη (i. q- τῶν Ἰουδαίων), Acts xxvi. 3; now for the possessive pron., of καθ᾽ ὑμᾶς ποιηταί, your own poets, Acts xvii. 28 [here WH mre. καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς, see their Intr. § 404]; νόμου τοῦ καθ᾽ ὑμᾶς, [a law of your own], Acts xviii. 15; τὸ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ πρύθυμον, my inclination, Ro. i. 15 [see πρόθυμος]; ἡ καθ᾽ ὑμᾶς πίστις, Eph. i. 15, (ἡ κατὰ τὸν τύραννον ὠμύτης τε καὶ δύναμις, Diod. 14, 12; μέχρι τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς χρόνων, Dion. Hal. antt. 2,1; cf. Grimm on 2 Mace. iv. 21 p. 88; a throng of exx. fr. Polyb. may be seen in Schweighaeuser, Lex. Polyb. p. 323 sq.; [ef. W. 154 (146); 400 (374) note 2; esp. B. § 132, 2]). 2. of Time [ef. W. 401 (374)]; during, about; Lat. tempore: κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον or τοῦtov τὸν καιρόν, Acts xii. 1; xix. 23; Ro. ix.9; Heb. ix. 9 [RG]; κατὰ τὸ αὐτό, at the same time, together, Acts xiv. 1 (see αὐτός, IIL. 1); κατὰ τὸ μεσονύκτιον, Acts xvi. 25; κατὰ μέσον τῆς νυκτός, Acts xxvii. 27; [possibly also κατὰ μεσημβρίαν, al noon, Acts viii. 26 (see μεσημβρία. b.) }; κατὰ καιρόν, See καιρός, 3 ἃ. ; Kat ἀρχάς (Hat. 3, 153), in the beginning (of things), Heb. i. 10; κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, Heb. iii. 8 [as the Sept. in this pass. have rendered the prep. 3 in the context by ὡς (ἐν τῷ mapamixpa

κατά kata 473x

down from, Mt. 8:32; down upon, upon, Mk. 14:3; Acts 27:14; down into; κατὰ βάθους, profound, deepest, 2 Cor. 8:2; down over, throughout a space, Lk. 4:14; 23:5; concerning, in cases of pointed allegation, 1 Cor. 15:15; against, Mt. 12:30; by, in oaths, Mt. 26:63; with an acc. of place, in the quarter of, about, near, at, Lk. 10;32; Acts 2:10; throughout, Lk. 8:39; in, Rom. 16:5; among, Acts 21:21; in the presence of, Lk. 2:31; in the direction of, towards, Acts 8:26; Phil. 3:14; of time, within the range of; during, in the course of, at, about, Acts 12:1; 27:27; distributively, κατ’ οἶκον, by houses, from house to house, Acts 2:46; kata; duvo, two and two, 1 Cor. 14:27; καθ’ ἡμέραν, daily, Mt. 26:55; trop., according to, conformable to, in proportion to, Mt. 9:29; 25:15; after the fashion or likeness of. Heb. 5:6; in virtue of, Mt. 19:3; as respects, Rom. 11:3; Acts 25;14; Heb. 9:9

κατά (bef. a vowel κατ’, καθ’; on the freq. neglect of elision, v. Tdf., Pr., 95; WH, App., 146a), prep. c. gen., acc., down, downwards. C. gen. (WM, § 47, k; Bl., § 42, 2). C. gen. rei, in local sense; down, down from: Mt 8:32, Mk 5:13, Lk 8:33, I Co 11:4;

throughout (late usage; Bl., § 42, 2): κ. ὅλης κ.τ.λ., Lk 4:14 23:5, Ac 9:31 10:37;

in a peculiar adjectival phrase: ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία, deep or extreme poverty, II Co 8:2.

C. gen. pers., usually in hostile sense; against (in cl. only after verbs of speaking, witnessing, etc.): opp. to ὑπέρ, Mk 9:40; μετά, Mt 12:30; after ἐπιθυμεῖν, Ga 5:17; λαλεῖν, Ac 6:13; διδάσκειν, Ac 21:28; ψεύδεσθαι, Ja 3:14; after verbs of accusing, etc., Mt 5:23, Lk 23:14, Ro 8:33, al.; verbs of fighting, prevailing, etc., Mt 10:35, Ac 14:2, I Co 4:6, al.;

of swearing, by: ὄμνυμι κ. (Bl., § 34, 1), He 6:13, 16, cf. Mt 26:63.

C. acc. (WM, § 49 d; Bl., § 42, 2). Of motion or direction; through, throughout: Lk 8:39 9:6 10:4, Ac 8:1, 36, al.;

to, towards, over against: Lk 10:32 (Field, Notes, 62), Ac 2:10 16:7, Ga 2:11, Phl 3:14, al.;

in adverbial phrases, at, in, by, of: κατ’ οἶκον, at home, Ac 2:46; κατ’ ἰδίαν (v.s. ἴδιος); καθ’ ἑαυτόν, Ac 28:16, Ro 14:22, Ja 2:17; c. pron. pers., Ac 17:28 18:15, Ro 1:15, Eph 1:15, al.

Of time, at, during, about: Ac 8:26 12:1 19:23, Ro 9:9, He 1:10, al.

Distributive; of place: κ. τόποὐς, Mt 24:7, al.; κ. πόλιν, Lk 8:1, 4, al.; κ. ἐκκλησίαν, Ac 14:23;

of time: κ. ἔτος, Lk 2:41; ἑορτήν, Mt 27:15, al.;

of numbers, etc.: καθ’ ἕνα πάντες, I Co 14:31 (on καθ’ εἷς, v.s. εἷς); κ. ἑκατόν, Mk 6:40; κ. μέρος, He 9:5; κ. ὄνομα, Jo 10:3.

Of fitness, reference, conformity, etc.; in relation to, concerning: Ro 1:3, 4 7:22 9:3, 5, I Co 1:26 10:18, Phl 1:12; κ. πάντα, Ac 17:22, Col 3:20, 22, He 2:17 4:15;

according to, after, like: Mk 7:5, Lk 2:27, 29, Jo 7:24, Ro 8:4 14:15, Eph 2:2, Col 2:8, Ja 2:8, al.

In composition, κ. denotes, down, down from (καταβαίνω, etc.), hence, metaph.; victory or rule over (καταδουλόω, -κυριεύω, etc.);

"perfective" action (M, Pr., 111 ff.).

under (κατακαλύπτω, etc.).

in succession (καθεξῆς).

after, behind (καταλείπω).

Hostility, against (καταλαλέω).

κατά, the favourite preposition of Polybius, by whom it is often used in place of ἐν, eis, and περί (Krebs Pra. p. 4), is also found with considerable variety of application in the NT, where it occurs 73 times c. gen., and 391 times c. acc. (cf. Proleg. p. 105). Brugmann (Awrze Vergletchende Grammazk, p. 479) considers that the earliest use of the word was “‘along ” something, so as to remain in connexion and contact with the object, and from this most of the senses found in the NT can be derived. I. (1) Turning to the construction c. gen. we find that the meaning ‘‘along” has passed into ‘‘down,” a usage not found in ΜΟΥ, in such passages as P Petr II. 18(26)!° (B.c. a ἐπιπεσὼν ἔτυπτεν [ad]t[o]v κατὰ τοῦ τραχήλου, Chest. τοῦ πνοήν: ἐξ Mt 8%, r Cor 114, 2 Cor 8%. (2) This in turn becomes ‘‘ against,” as in Mt τοῦδ, Mk 14°5, e.g. P Eleph 115 (B.c. 311-0) (= Se/ections, p. 4) ὅπου ἂν ἐπεγφέρηι: Ἡρακλείδης κατὰ Anpytplas ἢ Δημητρία τε Ἡρακλείδου, ““ wheresoever Heraclides brings the charge against Demetria, or Demetria and those acting with Demetria bring the charge against Heraclides,” P Petr II. 2 (2)? (B.c. 260) ἐκόμισέν μοι Δωρίμαχος ἔντευξιν κεχρηματισμένη[ν] κατὰ Διονυσίου, ““ Dorimachus brought me an official (or certified) petition against Dionysius” (Ed.), P | 240) ταῖς κατὰ σελήνη[ν] ἡμέραις, “ | (B.C. 114) περὶ τῶν κατὰ Πολέμωνα, “" καὶ τοὶ μετὰ Δημητρίας πράσσοντες ἐπεγφέρωσιν κατὰ , κατα Par 457 (B.C. 153) προσέχων, μὴ εὕρῃ τι κατά σου ἰπῖν, P Tebt I. 7% (B.C. 114) ἐγκλήματα κατὰ τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων τῆι διοικήσει, ‘complaints against subordinates of the finance administration,” P Fay 128 (c. B.C. 103) ἐπέδωκα κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ περὶ τούτῳϊ[ν] τὰς εἰθισμένας προσαγγελίας, “1 made the customary charges against him on these counts ’’ (Edd.), P Oxy VI. S98 (a.D. 123) κατ᾽ αὐτῆς προελθεῖν, “to proceed against her.” This usage, which is only figurative in good Attic writers, is common in the Kow# throughout the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, as the above exx. show: it is, however, lost in MGr (Thumb Handbook, p. 106). (3) By a usage which in the NT is confined to Lk (415 αΔ), and is always associated with ὅλος, κατά has also the force of “throughout ” as in P Giss I. 488 (A.D. 202-3) κατὰ κυριακῆς γῆς: cf. Polyb. iii. 19. 7 κατὰ τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν. The phrase καθ᾽ ὕδατος is frequent with reference to land “under water,” e.g. BGU 11. 5711 (ii/a.p.) (as amended Archiv i. p. 151 n.®) ἀβρόχου kal καθ᾽ ὕδ(ατος), P Oxy VI. g 18%. 18 αἱ. (ji/A.D.) αἱ οὖσ(αι) καθ᾽ ὕδ(ατος), of certain flooded arourae. (4) Good exx. of the prep. in asseverations, oaths, as in Mt 2683, τ Cor 1525, Heb 6:16, are afforded by P Par 63°° (B.c. 164) (=P Petr III. p. 20) λαβεῖν μὴ μόνον ἐπὶ τῶ[ν] θεῶν ἀλλὰ Kal κατὰ τῶν βασιλέων, “to exact oaths from you not only by the gods, but also by the kings” (Mahaffy), P Par 574149 (jii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 113) ἐξορκίζω σε δαῖμον, ὅστις ποτ᾽ οὖν εἶ, κατὰ τούτου τοῦ θεοῦ σαβαρβαρβαθιωθ, “41 adjure thee, O demon, whoever thou art, by the God Sabarbarbathiéth.”” II. (1) When we pass to κατά c. acc., we are at once met with a number of instances of the κατά phrase forming a mere periphrasis (a) for the possessive pronoun, or (b) for the gen. of a subst., or even (c) for an adj. (a) The following are examples of the first class of these periphrases—P Eleph 13% (B.c. 223-2) ἐχάρην ἐπὶ τῶι pe αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ, ““1 was glad when I had learned your affairs,’ P Leid Bi 9 (B.c. 164) ἐπὶ τῆς καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίas, P Tebt I. 245 (n.c. 117) τῆς καθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς ἀσχολίαί --ἰας), P Tor I. ri (B.c. 116) ὑπόμνημα ὑπὲρ τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτούς, P Tebt I. 75 (B.c. 114) μηδ᾽ ἄλλοις ἐπιτρέπειν κατ᾽ αὐτοὺς διεξάγειν, “ΠΟΥ allow others to decide their case’’ (Edd.), and OG/S 168" (B.c. 115) παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθ᾽ ὑμ[ᾶς τόπους. For τὰ kat’ ἐμέ, as in Phil 1° αὐ, we may add the illiterate P Oxy I. 120" (iv/a.p.) ἄχρις ἂν γνῶ πῶς τὰ κατ᾽ αἰμαὶ ἀποτίθαιται (/. ἐμὲ ἀποτίθεται). For further exx. of this usage in late Greek see Schmidt /os. | p. 390, Kalker Quaest. p. 282 f. (b) The periphrasis for the gen. of a subst. is seen in P Hib I. 82! (b.c. 239-8) τὰ κατὰ τὴν ypapparelay, duties of the scribe’s office,” P Tebt I. 5° (B.c. τῶν κατ᾽ ᾿Αλεξά(νδρειαν) ὅρ[μων, “ andria,’’ 2b. 1317 (B.C. τ[ῆς κ]ώ(μη5), “the 118) ἐπὶ at the harbours of Alex114) τὰ κατ[ὰ τ]ὴν ἐπισ(τατείαν) “τῆς duties of epistates of the village,” 7d. 16° regarding the case of Polemon,’’ 76. 10547 (B.C. 103) τὰ κατὰ Ti[v μ]ίσϑωσιν, ‘the provisions of the lease,” P Lond 1164(4)?° (a.p. 212) (ΞΞ ΠΙ. p. 167) ὑπὸ [το]ῦ κατὰ πατέρα pov ἀνεψειοῦ, and Polyb. iii. 113. I ἡ κατὰ τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή. (c) This usage went even the length of a κατά phrase taking the place of an adj., asin P Hib I. 27% (B.c. 301the lunar days.” , κατὰ 3 (2) For κατά, ‘‘according to,’

κατά (kata) — according to. κατά [κᾰτᾰ], poetry καταί accusative to [Refs 2nd c.AD+]: preposition with genitive or accusative:— downwards. __A WITH GEN., __A.I denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατ᾽ Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ᾽ Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἵππων ἀΐξαντε[Refs 5th c.BC+] — for κατ᾽ ἄκρης see.{ἄκρα}: Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __A.II denoting downward motion, __A.II.1 down upon or over, κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the dying, κατὰ.. ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ᾽ ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, [Refs]; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over.. , [Refs 8th c.BC+]; [κόπρος] κ. σπείους κέχυτο.. πολλή [Refs]; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, see at {Χεί; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες} [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [πληγάς] [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. κόρρης παίειν, ={ἐπὶ κόρρης}, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.II.1.b Geometry texts, along, upon, πίπτειν κατ᾽ [εὐθείας] [Refs 3rd c.BC+] αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on.. , [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __A.II.2 down into, νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a dart, κ. γαίης ᾤχετο [Refs]; κ. γᾶς underground, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ὕδατος under water, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; [ποταμὸς] δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also βᾶτε κατ᾽ ἀντιθύρων go down by or through.. , [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.3 later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, [Refs 2nd c.AD+] __A.II.4 of vows or oaths, by, καθ᾽ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ᾽ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. cited in [Refs 5th c.BC+]; also κατ᾽ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, [Refs] __A.II.4.b to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering.., κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων [Refs 5th c.BC+] __A.II.5 in hostile sense, against, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of judges giving sentence against a person, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opposed to πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II.6 of Time,for, μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν [Refs]; κ. βίου for life, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον [Refs 4th c.BC+] __A.II.7 in respect of, concerning, μὴ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in the Logic of [Refs 4th c.BC+] to be predicated of.., [Refs]; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of.., Metaphorical[Refs]; so κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν [Refs] adverb καθόλου (which see). __B WITH Acc., __B.I of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ᾽ ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.I.2 with or without signification of motion, on, over, throughout a space, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε[Refs 5th c.BC+] (in later Gr.of motion to a place, κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν [Refs 5th c.BC+]: Geometry texts, at a point, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; τέμνειν [σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον in a circle, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; also, in the region of, οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες [Refs 8th c.BC+]; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, variant in [Refs] in heart and soul, [Refs] __B.I.3 opposite, over against, κ. Σινώπην πόλιν [LXX+5th c.BC+] __B.II distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν᾽ ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, [Refs]; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; κατ᾽ ἔπος word by word, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ὄνομα individually, [NT]; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, [Refs 3rd c.AD+] __B.II.2 of Time, καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, κατ᾽ ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, see at {ἡμέρα} 111; καθ᾽ ἑνιαυτόν, κατ᾽ ἔτος, [NT+1st c.AD+] __B.II.3 of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθ᾽ ἕνα one at a time, individually, [Refs 5th c.BC+]detailed list, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, [Refs 5th c.BC+] drachmae on every [Refs 4th c.BC+]in separate sums of 200[Refs]; of ships, κ. μίαν (i.e. ναῦν) in column, [Refs 5th c.BC+], measure, be measured a certain number of times, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, [Refs] __B.III of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, [Refs]; κ. ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τ; for what purpose? why? [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III.2 of pursuit, κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; simply κ. τινά after him, [Refs]; κατ᾽ ἴχνος on the track, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.III.3 Geometry texts, in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with.., [Refs 3rd c.AD+] __B.IV of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking,[Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. νόμον [Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἰτίαν καθ᾽ ἥντινα for what cause, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, [Refs]; καθ᾽ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φιλίαν, κατ᾽ ἔχθος, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ.. for no other reason but that.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one's power, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐνοίην with goodwill, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; in quotations, according to, κατ᾽ Αἰσχύλον [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.IV.2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπους ={τὰ ἀνθρώπινα}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opposed to αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; so τὸ κατ᾽ ὑμέας as far as concerns you, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ κατ᾽ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, [Refs]; καθ᾽ ὅτι so far as, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.IV.3 in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, uncertain in [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κηδεῦσαι καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν to marry in one's own rank of life, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, [Refs 5th c.BC+] to address you in your own style, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently after a comparative, μέζων ἢ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.V by the favour of a god, etc., κ. δαίμονα [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τύχην τινά [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.VI of round numbers (see. below v11.2), nearly, about, κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600 years more or less, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ οὐδέν next to nothing, [Refs 5th c.BC+] __B.VII of Time, during or in the course of a period, κ. τὸν πόλεμον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, κατ᾽ ἦμαρ, by day, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, [Refs 3rd c.BC+] __B.VII.2 about, κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, [Refs]; οἱ κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον (i.e. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην) ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ καθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, [Refs] __B.VII.3 καθ᾽ ἕτος this year, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __B.VIII periphrastically with abstract substantive, κατ᾽ ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, ={ἡσύχως, ταχέως}, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. κράτος by force, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μέρος partially, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; individually, severally, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φύσιν naturally, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οὔτ᾽ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ᾽ ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, [Refs 4th c.BC+] __C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastrophe κάτα, as [Refs 8th c.BC+]; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, [Refs] __D absolutely as adverb. in all the above senses, especially like{κάτω}, downwards, from above, down, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+] __E κατά in COMPOSITION (joined with other words), __E.I downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1. __E.II in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος. __E.III against, in hostile sense [Refs 4th c.BC+] substantive, as καταδίκη. __E.IV back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11. __E.V frequently only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substantives and adjectives, as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος. __E.VI sometimes to give a transitive force to an intransitive Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail. __E.VII implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1. __F κατά as a preposition was shortened in some dialects, especially in Epic dialect, into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ), ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the preposition with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compound Verbs, κατά sometimes changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθαν; and before στ, σχ, the second syllable sometimes disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the Doric dialect forms καβαίνων, κάπετον. καθεῖς, for καθ᾽ εἷς, one by one, one after antoher, [LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+]