1 Chronicles 4:3 — Word Study
WLCוְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲבִ֣י עֵיטָ֔ם יִזְרְעֶ֥אל וְיִשְׁמָ֖א וְיִדְבָּ֑שׁ וְשֵׁ֥ם אֲחוֹתָ֖ם הַצְלֶלְפּֽוֹנִי׃
BSATheseʼêl-leh [specific, particular] [were] the sonsʼâb [descendants, offspring] of EtamʻÊyṭâm [a fortified town in Judah] JezreelYizrᵉʻêʼl [God sows, nurtures growth] IshmaYishmâʼ△ [having God's hearing] and IdbashYidbâsh△ [stout, strong] And their sisterʼâchôwth [biological or close relative] was namedshêm [identified as, called] HazzelelponiTsᵉlelpôwnîy△ [facing the shade]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ | and these | Conjunction, particle |
| אֲבִ֣י | [were] [the] father of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עֵיטָ֔ם | Etam | Noun proper |
| יִזְרְעֶ֥אל | Jezreel | Noun proper masculine |
| וְיִשְׁמָ֖א | and Ishma | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְיִדְבָּ֑שׁ | and Idbash | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְשֵׁ֥ם | and [the] name of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֲחוֹתָ֖ם | sister their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| הַצְלֶלְפּֽוֹנִי׃ | [was] Hazelelponi | Noun proper feminine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi. |
| KJV | And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi: |
| ASV | And these were the sons of the father of Etam: Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi; |
| YLT | And these [are] of the father of Etam: Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister [is] Hazzelelponi, |
| WEB | These were the sons of the father of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. The name of their sister was Hazzelelponi. |
| BBE | And these were the sons of Hur, the father of Etam: Jezreel and Ishma and Idbash, and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi; |
The translations agree on the names and their meanings.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by a list of names and a clause introducing the sister, creating a structured genealogical statement.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 9 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Etamgenerated
1 Chronicles 4:3 lists the sons of Etam, a figure in the genealogies of Judah. This verse emphasizes the importance of lineage and the names of family members, which often carry significant meanings. The context continues with further genealogical details, showing the connections within the tribe of Judah and their heritage.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judges 15:11 | In response, three thousand men of Judah went to the cave at the rock of Etam, and they asked Samson, “Do you not realize that the Philistines rule over us? What have you done to us?” “I have done to them what they did to me,” he replied. |
| 2 | 2 Chronicles 11:6 | He built up Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֵלֶּה, ve.'E.lehgenerated
The word אֵלֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used to specify particular people or things. It appears frequently in the Hebrew Bible to denote specific items or individuals, emphasizing their importance in the text.
In this instance, it introduces the sons of Etam, indicating that the following names are significant descendants. The construction of the word in the context of genealogy highlights the focus on lineage and identity.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is introduced by וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ (and these), which serves as the subject, followed by a list of names functioning as the predicate. The structure reflects a straightforward genealogical listing, typical of Hebrew prose.
The sentence is organized to emphasize the names of the sons of Etam, with each name following the conjunctions that link them, maintaining clarity in the lineage presented.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֵלֶּה as οὗτοι, meaning 'these'. This choice maintains the specificity of the Hebrew term, indicating a direct correspondence in the emphasis on particular individuals.
The translation aligns closely with the Hebrew text, preserving the focus on the lineage and names of the descendants.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 4:3 lists the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash, along with their sister Hazzelelponi. Each name has a meaning that reflects aspects of their identity and heritage.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jezreel means 'God sows' and is associated with a city in Israel.
Idbash is mentioned as one of the sons of Etam, and his name means 'stout'.
Hazzelelponi means 'facing the shade', suggesting a connection to protection.
Genealogies establish lineage, identity, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can I learn from the names and meanings of the descendants of Etam?
- How do genealogies in the Bible help us understand God's plan?
- In what ways does my own family history shape my identity?
- How can I apply the significance of names and heritage in my own life?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd these were of the father of Etam,.... Or of the prince of Etam: or, as the Targum, these are princes that dwelt in Etam, a place not far from Zorah, Jude 15:8 and is mentioned with Bethlehem and
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi: The name of their sister was Hazelelponi , [ ha-Tsªlelpowniy (H6753)] - the Hazeleponite.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEtam is the name either of a man, or of a place; of which see below, ; whose inhabitants descended from him. The name of his father is not here expressed.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) And these were of the father of Etam.—Heb., And these (were) the father of Etam. Some MSS., the LXX., and the Vulg. read “and these (were) the sons of Etam;” other MSS., with the Syriac and Arabic versions, have “the sons of the father of Etam.” Both variants look like evasions of a difficulty. The unusual expression “and these—Abi-Etam” may be a brief way of stating that the clans whose names are given were the dominant houses of Etam (or Abi-etam; compare Abiezer, Judges 7:11; Judges 8:2). Etam is known from the history of Samson (Judges 15:8, and 2 Chronicles 11:6); Jezreel—not Ahab’s capital—from Joshua 15:56, and as the city of Ahinoam, wife of David, from 1 Chronicles 3:1. Both…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. These were of the father of Etam] "And these are the rabbins (doctors) living at Etam, Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash." - T.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. these were of the father of Etam] LXX. (“these were the sons of Etam”—Áἰ ?ôÜí) yields better sense. Etam (1 Chronicles 4:32) was a place; the “sons of Etam” would be families which derived their origin from the place.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRead, “These are the sons of the father (i. e. chief) of Etam” 2 Chronicles 11:6, a city of Judah, not far from Bethlehem.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi.
These were the sons of the father of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. The name of their sister was Hazzelelponi.
These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. And their sister was named Hazzelelponi.
These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was Hazzelelponi.
Tyndale line
And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi:
And these were the sons of the father of Etam: Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi;
And these were the sons of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi:
And these were of the father of Etam; Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi:
And these were of the father of Etam, Izreel, and Ishma and Idbash: and the name of their sister was Hazelelponi.
Strictly literal
And these [were of] the father of Etam: Jizreel, and Jishma, and Jidbash; and the name of their sister was Hazlelponi;
And these [are] of the father of Etam: Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister [is] Hazzelelponi,
And these [are] of the father of Etam: Jezreel, and Ishma, and Idbash; and the name of their sister [is] Hazzelelponi;
And these were [those of] the father of 'Etam, Jizre'el, and Yishma, and Yidbash: and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi.
These were the ancestors of the clans in the city of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister's name was Hazzelelponi.
From the Latin
And this is the posterity of Etam: Jezrahel, and Jesema, and Jedebos: and the name of their sister was Asalelphuni.
Simplified
These were the sons of Etam: Jezreel, Ishma, and Idbash. Their sister was called Hazzelelponi.
And these were the sons of Hur, the father of Etam: Jezreel and Ishma and Idbash, and the name of their sister was Hazzelelponi;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct word-for-word correspondence. There are no significant variations between these texts.
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֲבִ֣י עֵיטָ֔ם יִזְרְעֶ֥אל וְיִשְׁמָ֖א וְיִדְבָּ֑שׁ וְשֵׁ֥ם אֲחוֹתָ֖ם הַצְלֶלְפּֽוֹנִי׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · particleHC/Tm
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵיטָם (‘Eytam) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a fortified town associated with the tribe of Simeon. The name is thought to mean 'lair of wild beasts.' It is mentioned as a site fortified by King Rehoboam, situated between Bethlehem and Tekoa, though its exact location remains uncertain.
עֵיטָם n.pr.loc. (perh. animal-name)
perh. near town
city fortified by Rehob., between Bethlehem and Tekoa
in Simeon
base
H5862 עֵיטָם
5862 `Eytam ay-tawm'
from 5861; hawk-ground; Etam, a place in Palestine:--Etam.
see HEBREW for 05861
עֵיטָם (e.tam) — Etam.
§ Etam = "lair of wild beasts"
a cliff; site uncertain
עֵיטָם (e.tam) — Etam.
§ Etam = "lair of wild beasts"
a village of the tribe of Simeon
עֵיטָם (e.tam) — Etam.
§ Etam = "lair of wild beasts"
a town in Judah fortified and garrisoned by king Rehoboam of Judah and located between Bethlehem and Tekoa
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
e'-tam `eTam; Codex Alexandrinus, Apan, Codex Vaticanus, Aitan:
(1) Mentioned in Septuagint along with Tekoa, Bethlehem and Phagor (Jos 15:59). In 2Ch 11:6 it occurs, between Bethlehem and Tekoa, as one of the cities built "for defense in Judah" by Rehoboam. Josephus writes that "there was a certain place, about 50 furlongs distant from Jerusalem which is called Ethan, very pleasant it is in fine gardens and abounding in rivulets of water; whither he (Solomon) used to go out in the morning" (Ant., VIII, vii, 3). Mention of `Ain `Aitan, which is described as the most elevated place in Palestine, occurs in the Talmud (Zebhachim 54b), and in the Jer. Talmud (Yoma' 3 fol 41) it is mentioned that a conduit ran from `Atan to the Temple.
Etam
Eyrie. (1.) A village of the tribe of Simeon (1 Chr. 4:32). Into some cleft (“top,” A.V.,; R.V., “cleft”) of a rock here Samson retired after his slaughter of the Philistines (Judg. 15:8, 11). It was a natural stronghold. It has been identified with Beit ’Atab, west of Bethlehem, near Zorah and Eshtaol. On the crest of a rocky knoll, under the village, is a long tunnel, which may be the “cleft” in which Samson hid.
(2.) A city of Judah, fortified by Rehoboam (2 Chr. 11:6). It was near Bethlehem and Tekoah, and some distance apparently to the north of (1). It seems to have been in the district called Nephtoah (or Netophah), where were the sources of the water from which Solomon’s gardens and pleasure-grounds and…
(lair of wild beasts). A village of the tribe of Simeon, specified only in the list in (1 Chronicles 4:32) comp. Josh 19:7 A place in Judah, fortified and garrisoned by Rehoboam. (2 Chronicles 11:6) Here, according to the statements of Josephus and the Talmudists, were the sources of the water from which Solomon’s gardens and the pleasure-grounds were fed, and Bethlehem and the temple supplied.
A town in Judah near Bethlehem and Tekoa; a favorite resort of Solomon, and fortified by Rehoboam, 1Ch 4:3,32 2Ch 11:6. Its supposed site is now occupied by a ruined village balled Urtas, a mile and a half southwest of Bethlehem, not far Solomon’s Pools. "The rock Etam" to which Samson withdrew, Jud 15:8-19, may have been in this vicinity, perhaps the Frank mountain two miles east.
יִזְרְעֶאל (yizre'el) means "God sows" and refers to both a city in the Negev of Judah and another in Issachar, located on the northwest spur of Mount Gilboa. It is also the name of a man, specifically the first son of the prophet Hosea. The entries indicate its geographical and personal significance, but do not present any notable disagreements.
יִזְרְעֶאל
n.pr.loc. (God soweth)
city in the Negeb of Judah
city in Issachar
n.pr.m.
Hosea’s son
Judahite name
base
H3157 יִזְרְעֶאל, יִזְרְעֵאל
3157 Yizr`e'l yiz-reh-ale'
from 2232 and 410; God will sow; Jizreel, the name of two
places in Palestine and of two Israelites:--Jezreel.
see HEBREW for 02232
see HEBREW for 0410
יִזְרְעֶאל (yiz.re.el) — Jezreel.
Jezreel = "God sows"
a city in the Nekeb of Judah
Also named: yiz.re.e.li (יִזְרְעֵאלִי "Jezreel" H3158)
יִזְרְעֶאל (yiz.re.el) — Jezreel.
Jezreel = "God sows"
a city in Issachar on the northwest spur of Mount Gilboa
Also named: yiz.re.e.li (יִזְרְעֵאלִי "Jezreelite" H3158H)
יִזְרְעֶאל (yiz.re.el) — Jezreel.
§ Jezreel = "God sows"
a city in Issachar on the northwest spur of Mount Gilboa
יִזְרְעֶאל (yiz.re.el) — Jezreel.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.3;
son of: Hur (H2354);
brother of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Ishma (H3457), Idbash (H3031), Hazzelelponi (H6753), Penuel (H6439H) and Ezer (H5829)
§ Jezreel = "God sows"
1) a descendant of the father or founder of Etam of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
jez'-re-el, jez'-rel (yizre`e'l, "God soweth"):
(1) A city on the border of the territory of Issachar (Jos 19:18).
1. Territory:
It is named with Chesulloth and Shunem (modern Iksal and Solam). It remained loyal to the house of Saul, and is mentioned as part of the kingdom over which Abner set Ishbosheth (2Sa 2:9). From Jezreel came the tidings of Saul and Jonathan's death on Gilboa, which brought disaster to Mephibosheth (2Sa 4:4). The city plays no important part in the history till the time of Ahab. Attracted, doubtless, by the fine position and natural charms of the place, he made it one of his royal residences, building here a palace (1Ki 21:1). This was evidently on the…
Jezreel
God scatters. (1.) A town of Issachar (Josh. 19:18), where the kings of Israel often resided (1 Kings 18:45; 21:1; 2 Kings 9:30). Here Elijah met Ahab, Jehu, and Bidkar; and here Jehu executed his dreadful commission against the house of Ahab (2 Kings 9:14-37; 10:1-11). It has been identified with the modern Zerin, on the most western point of the range of Gilboa, reaching down into the great and fertile valley of Jezreel, to which it gave its name.
(2.) A town in Judah (Josh. 15:56), to the south-east of Hebron. Ahinoam, one of David’s wives, probably belonged to this place (
A city situated in the plain of the same name between Gilboa and Little Hermon, now generally called Esdraelon. [ESDRAELON] It appears in (Joshua 19:18) but its historical importance dates from the reign of Ahab, B.C. 918-897, who chose it for his chief residence. The situation of the modern village of Zerin still remains to show the fitness of his choice. Int he neighborhood, or within the town probably, were a temple and grove of Eastward, with an establishment of 400 priests supported by Jezebel. (1 Kings 16:33; 2 Kings 10:11) The palace of Ahab, (1 Kings 21:1; 18:46) probably containing his "ivory house," (1 Kings…
1. A celebrated city of Issachar, Jos 19:18, lying westward of Bethshean, 2Sa 4:4. Ahab had here a palace; and this city became famous on account of his seizure of Naboth’s vineyard, 1Ki 21:1-29; and the vengeance executed on Ahab, 2Ki 9:10,14-37 10:1-11. Jezreel was called Esdraela in the time of the Maccabees, and is now replaced by a small and ruinous Arab village, called Zerin, at the northwest point of mount Gilboa. Its elevated site gives one a fine view of the great plain of Esdraelon on the west, and the hills that border it; and towards the east it overhangs the wide and fertile "valley of Jezreel," Jos 17:16
יִשְׁמָא (Yishma') refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:3. The name means 'desolation' and he is identified as a descendant of Hur, with several notable brothers. The entries indicate that the word is primarily a proper noun without significant variation in meaning.
יִשְׁמָא n.pr.m. a name in Judah 1 Ch 4:3
ref
H3457 יִשְׁמָא
3457 Yishma' yish-maw'
from 3456; desolate; Jishma, an Israelite: -Ishma.
see HEBREW for 03456
יִשְׁמָא (yish.ma) — Ishma.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.3;
son of: Hur (H2354);
brother of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Jezreel (H3157J), Idbash (H3031), Hazzelelponi (H6753), Penuel (H6439H) and Ezer (H5829)
§ Ishma = "desolation"
a Judaite descended from Hur
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ish'-ma (yishma', from the root yasham, "to lie waste," therefore meaning "desolate"): A brother of Jezreel and Idbash, "the sons of the father of Etam" (1Ch 4:3). They were brothers of Hazzelelponi.
(desolation), a name in the genealogy of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:3)
named; marveling; desolation
→ A descendant of Judah 1Ch 4:3
יִדְבָּשׁ (Yidbash) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:3. He is described as a son of Hur and has several brothers. The name may mean 'stout' and is linked to the root of another Hebrew word.
יִדְבָּשׁ n.pr.m. a son of Etam ? 1 Ch 4:3
ref
H3031 יִדְבָּשׁ
3031 Yidbash yid-bawsh'
from the same as 1706; perhaps honeyed; Jidbash, an
Israelite:--Idbash.
see HEBREW for 01706
יִדְבָּשׁ (yid.bash) — Idbash.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.3;
son of: Hur (H2354);
brother of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Jezreel (H3157J), Ishma (H3457), Hazzelelponi (H6753), Penuel (H6439H) and Ezer (H5829)
§ Idbash = "stout"
one of the 3 sons of Abi-etam, a descendant of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
id'-bash (yidhbash, "honeysweet"(?)): A man of Judah, one of the sons of the father of Etam (1Ch 4:3; Septuagint "sons of Etam").
(stout), one of the three sons of Abi-Etam, among the families of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:3)
flowing with honey; the land of destruction
→ A descendant of Judah 1Ch 4:3
שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.
שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)
of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it
usu. of pers.
= reputation
esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons
name, as designation of God
of false gods, use forbidden
= memorial, monument
base
H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)
8034 shem shame
a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea
of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an
appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by
implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,
(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.
see HEBREW for 07760
see HEBREW for 08064
שֵׁם (shem) — name.
1) name
1a) name
1b) reputation, fame, glory
1c) the Name (as designation of God)
1d) memorial, monument
Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָחוֹת (achowth) means 'sister' and can refer to a full sister, half-sister, or a relative. It is used both literally and figuratively, symbolizing relationships such as that of Israel and Judah, and can also imply intimacy or connection. The word is built from a feminine form related to other terms for kinship.
אָחוֹת 114 n.f. sister
sister
= beloved
symbol. of Judah, Samaria, Sodom & Jerusalem
fig. of intimate connection
another
base
H269 אָחוֹת sister
269 'achowth aw-khoth'
irregular feminine of 251; a sister (used very widely (like
250), literally and figuratively):--(an-)other, sister,
together.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 0250
אָחוֹת (a.chot) — sister.
1) sister
1a) sister (same parents)
1b) half-sister (same father)
1c) relative
1c1) (metaph) of Israel's and Judah's relationship
1d) beloved
1d1) bride
1e) (fig.) of intimate connection
1f) another
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp
הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי (Hazzelelponi) refers to a woman from the tribe of Judah, specifically mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:3. The name is derived from roots meaning 'shade' and 'facing,' suggesting a connection to shade or protection. She is noted as the daughter of Hur and sister to several other figures in Judah's genealogies.
הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי n.pr.f. in Judah (give shade, thou that turnest to me!) 1 Ch 4:3
ref
H6753 הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי, צְלֶלְפּוֹנִי
6753 Tslelpowniy tsel-el-po-nee'
from 6752 and the active participle of 6437; shade-facing;
Tselelponi, an Israelitess:--Hazelelponi (including the
article).
see HEBREW for 06752
see HEBREW for 06437
הַצְּלֶלְפּוֹנִי (tse.lel.po.ni) — Hazzelelponi.
A woman of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.3;
daughter of: Hur (H2354);
sister of: Uri (H0221), Shobal (H7732H), Salma (H8007H), Hareph (H2780), Jezreel (H3157J), Ishma (H3457), Idbash (H3031), Penuel (H6439H) and Ezer (H5829)
§ Hazelelponi = "facing the shade"
sister of the sons of Etam in the genealogies of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
haz-el-el-po'-ni.
See HAZZELELPONI.
(shade coming upon me), the sister of the sons of Etam in the genealogies of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:3)
sorrow of countenance
→ Daughter of Etam 1Ch 4:3