1 Samuel 13:23 — Word Study
WLCוַיֵּצֵא֙ מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶֽל־ מַעֲבַ֖ר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס
BSAAnd a garrisonmatstsâb [military outpost] of the PhilistinesPᵉlishtîy [immigrants from other places, people of Philistia] had gone outyâtsâʼ▸ [come forth, emerged] to the passmaʻăbâr [narrow, crossing, ford, mountain passage] at MichmashMikmâç [a hidden city, Mikmash]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיֵּצֵא֙ | and it came out | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מַצַּ֣ב | [the] garrison of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים | [the] Philistines | Noun gentilic, masculine plural absolute |
| אֶֽל־ | to | Preposition |
| מַעֲבַ֖ר | [the] pass of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס | Micmash | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And a garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Michmash. |
| KJV | And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash. |
| ASV | And the garrison of the Philistines went out unto the pass of Michmash. |
| YLT | And the station of the Philistines goeth out unto the passage of Michmash. |
| WEB | The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash. |
| BBE | And the armed force of the Philistines went out to the narrow way of Michmash. |
Where they part company is מַצַּ֣ב — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the action of the garrison moving out, with additional phrases providing context about the destination.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָצָא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Samuel 13:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Tensions of Saul's Reigngenerated
1 Samuel 13:23 describes a pivotal moment where the Philistines establish a garrison, indicating their military strength and the precarious position of Israel. This situation is set against the backdrop of Israel's lack of weapons, as noted in the preceding verses, which emphasizes the dire circumstances faced by Saul and his troops. The mention of Michmash as a location highlights its strategic importance in the conflict between the Israelites and the Philistines.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 13:3 | Then Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost at Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!” |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 14:4 | Now there were cliffs on both sides of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine outpost. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh. |
| 3 | 1 Samuel 13:2–5 | He chose for himself three thousand men of Israel: Two thousand were with Saul at Michmash and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. And the rest of the troops he sent away, each to his own home. |
| 4 | 1 Samuel 14:1–4 | One day Jonathan son of Saul said to the young man bearing his armor, “Come, let us cross over to the Philistine outpost on the other side.” But Jonathan did not tell his father. |
| 5 | Isaiah 10:28 | Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מַצַּ֣ב, ma.Tzavgenerated
The noun מַצָּב (matstsab) refers to a military outpost or garrison, derived from a root meaning 'to stand'. It emphasizes a fixed position, particularly in a military context, indicating where forces are stationed or prepared for action.
In this verse, it signifies the Philistines' establishment of a stronghold, asserting their dominance and control over the region, which is critical in the unfolding narrative of Israel's battles.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term garrison to convey the military context.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יֵצֵא֙ (ye.Tze') governs the sentence, indicating the action of the garrison moving out. The structure includes a noun phrase for the subject, a prepositional phrase indicating direction, and a noun phrase specifying the location.
The sentence's order emphasizes the action of the Philistines as the main focus, with the location at Michmash following to clarify where this military maneuver is taking place.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the key verb יָצָא as ἐχῆλθεν (echēlthen), meaning 'went out'. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning of coming forth but may carry a slightly different nuance in the Greek context.
The term used for מַצַּ֣ב is not directly matched in the Septuagint, suggesting a different emphasis or interpretation in the Greek translation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Samuel 13:23 tells us that a garrison of the Philistines moved to a pass at Michmash. This shows the Philistines' military presence and the challenges faced by the Israelites, who lacked weapons. The location is significant for the unfolding conflict.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A garrison indicates a military presence, suggesting that the Philistines were asserting control over the area, which posed a threat to the Israelites.
Michmash was strategically located, serving as a pass that could control movement in the region, making it a key point in military engagements.
It highlights the vulnerability of Israel at this time, as they were unable to defend themselves effectively against the Philistines.
This verse sets the stage for the conflict between Saul's Israel and the Philistines, illustrating the military challenges Israel faced during Saul's reign.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of strategic locations in conflict from this verse?
- How does the presence of a garrison impact the morale of the opposing forces?
- In what ways can we see parallels between the military struggles in 1 Samuel and challenges we face today?
- What does this verse teach us about preparation and readiness in difficult situations?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Bede comments on this verse, noting the implications of Israel's lack of arms and the Philistine garrison's movements.
But the station of the Philistine went out to pass over into Michmash. Indeed, by not having arms, Israel betrayed the country to the enemies;Early Church Fathers on 1 Samuel 13 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Samuel 13:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
Read John Gill on 1 Samuel 13 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash. The garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Samuel 13 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA place so called, because it was near to Michmash, and led towards Gibeah, which, it seems, they designed to besiege, and in the mean time to waste the adjoining country.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Samuel 13 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Samuel 13:23 And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.Ver. 23. To the passage of Michmash.] A place of advantage, kept till now by Saul’ s soldiers.
Read John Trapp on 1 Samuel 13 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(23) The garrison of the Philistines went out.—These words form an introduction to the recital of the heroic deed of Jonathan related in the following chapter. The Philistines are represented as sending forward an armed detachment, or out-post detachment, beyond the camp of Michmash, as a protection against a surprise on the part of the Israelitic force under the king and his son.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Samuel 13 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges23. the passage of Michmash] By “the passage of Michmash,” mentioned also In the description of Sennacherib’s march upon Jerusalem in Isaiah 10:29, is meant the deep ravine now known as the Wady es-Suweinit (1 Samuel 13:2, note). The Philistines threw out an advanced post from their main camp to one of the bluffs on the very edge of the valley, with the view of watching the Israelites in Geba opposite, and preventing a surprise attack on their camp. It was this post which Jonathan attacked.
Read Cambridge on 1 Samuel 13 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe passage of Michmash - The steep and precipitous path from Michmash to Geba, over the valley of Suweinit. The same term is used in Isaiah 10:28-29, where the march of the Assyrian army is described.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Samuel 13 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible23. The passage of Michmash — This was the deep, wild Wady es-Suweinit, which lies between Geba and Michmash, of which Dr. Robinson says, (Bib. Res., vol. i, p.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Samuel 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And a garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Michmash.
The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
And a garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Michmash.
A garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Micmash.
Tyndale line
And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
And the garrison of the Philistines went out unto the pass of Michmash.
And the garrison of the Philistines went out unto the pass of Michmash.
And the garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
And the garison of the Philistims came out to the passage of Michmash.
Strictly literal
And a garrison of the Philistines went out to the passage of Michmash.
And the station of the Philistines goeth out unto the passage of Michmash.
And the station of the Philistines goes out to the passage of Michmash.
And the outpost of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
The garrison of the Philistines went out to the pass of Michmash.
From the Latin
And the army of the Philistines went out in order to advance further in Machmas.
Simplified
A Philistine garrison had taken control of the pass at Michmash.
And the armed force of the Philistines went out to the narrow way of Michmash.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וַיֵּצֵא֙ מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶֽל־ מַעֲבַ֖ר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס. The Septuagint matches 4 of the 6 words, indicating a close relationship between the two texts, though their phrasing and order differ.
וַיֵּצֵא֙ מַצַּ֣ב פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶֽל־ מַעֲבַ֖ר מִכְמָֽשׂ׃ ס
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Samuel 13:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.
יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out
Qal
go or come out or forth
from (מִן) a place
go forth from (the presence of) a person
in technical senses
of flight, involving escape
depart
of inanimate things
with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
of children as going forth from loins (of father)
go forth to a place
go forward, proceed to or toward something
come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
of combinations
Hiph.
cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
bring out animals
inanimate obj.
fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
Hoph. be brought forth
base
H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place
. go forth from (the presence of) a person
. in technical senses
. of flight, involving escape
. depart
. of inanimate things
. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
. of children as going forth from loins (of father)
. . go forth to a place
. go forward, proceed to or toward something
. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
. of combinations
. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
. bring out animals
. inanimate obj.
. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
. be brought forth
3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'
a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great
variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct
and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X
begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come
(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,
depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,
fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,
out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),
going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,
lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X
scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring
out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any
time, X to (and fro), utter.
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.
: come/go_out/escape
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.
: send/take_out/release
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word מַצָּב (matstsab) refers to a standing-place or station, often in a military context, such as a garrison or post. It is derived from a root meaning 'to stand' and can also denote an office or position. The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing fixed locations or roles.
מַצָּב n.m. standing-place, station, garrison
base
H4673 מַצָּב standing-place, station, garrison
4673 matstsab mats-tsawb'
from 5324; a fixed spot; figuratively, an office, a military
post:--garrison, station, place where...stood.
see HEBREW for 05324
מַצָּב (mats.tsav) — station.
1) station, garrison, standing-place
1a) standing-place (of feet)
1b) station, office, position
1c) garrison, post, outpost
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word פְּלִשְׁתִּי (*pelishtiy*) means 'Philistine' and refers to an inhabitant of Philistia, with roots indicating they are descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor. It is derived from the lemma for Philistia, פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת (*peleshet*), and is first mentioned in Genesis 10:14.
פְּלִשְׁתִּי 288 adj.gent. Philistine
base
H6430 פְּלִשְׁתִּי Philistine
6430 Plishtiy pel-ish-tee'
patrial from 6429; a Pelishtite or inhabitant of
Pelesheth:--Philistine.
see HEBREW for 06429
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — Philistine.
Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
Another spelling of pe.le.shet (פְּלֶ֫שֶׁת "Philistia" H6429)
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — Philistine.
A Philistine living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.14;
son of: Casluhim (H3695)
§ Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
פְּלִשְׁתִּי (pe.lish.ti) — (Sea of the) Philistines.
Philistine = "immigrants"
an inhabitant of Philistia; descendants of Mizraim who immigrated from Caphtor (Crete?) to the western seacoast of Canaan
Another name of ga.dol (גָּדוֹל "Great( Sea)" H1419J)
Ngmpa — Noun gentilic · masculine plural absoluteHNgmpa
fi-lis'-tinz, fil'-is-tinz, fil'-is-tinz (pelishtim; Phulistieim, allophuloi):
I. OLD TESTAMENT NOTICES
1. Race and Origin
2. Religion
3. Individual Philistines Mentioned
4. Title of Ruler and Circumcision
5. History in the Old Testament to Death of Saul
6. History Continued to Time of Ahaz
7. Later Notices
II. MONUMENTAL NOTICES
1. Palestinian Excavations
2. Egyptian Monuments
3. Assyrian Texts
III. THE CRETAN THEORY
1. Cherethim and Kretes
2. Caphtor and Keft
IV. DAVID'S GUARDS
1. The "Cherethi" and the "Pelethi" Not Mercenaries
2. Meaning of These Terms
3. Native Hebrews
4. Review
LITERATURE
I. Old Testament Notices.
1. Race and Origin:
The Philistines were an uncircumcised people inhabiting the shore plain between Gezer and Gaza in Southwestern Palestine (see PHILISTIA). The name Palestine itself (Hebrew pelesheth) refers to their country. The word means "migrants," and they came from another country. They…
Philistines
(Gen. 10:14, R.V.; but in A.V., “Philistim”), a tribe allied to the Phoenicians. They were a branch of the primitive race which spread over the whole district of the Lebanon and the valley of the Jordan, and Crete and other Mediterranean islands. Some suppose them to have been a branch of the Rephaim (2 Sam. 21:16-22). In the time of Abraham they inhabited the south-west of Judea, Abimelech of Gerar being their king (Gen. 21:32, 34; 26:1). They are, however, not noticed among the Canaanitish tribes mentioned in the Pentateuch. They are spoken of by Amos (9:7) and Jeremiah (47:4) as from Caphtor, i.e., probably Crete, or, as some think, the Delta of Egypt. In the whole record from Exodus to Samuel they are…
(immigrants), The origin of the Philistines is nowhere expressly stated in the Bible; but as the prophets describe them as "the Philistines-from Caphtor," (Amos 9:7) and "the remnant of the maritime district of Caphtor" (Jeremiah 47:4) it is prima facie probable that they were the Caphtorim which came out of Caphtor" who expelled the Avim from their territory and occupied it; in their place, (2:23) and that these again were the Caphtorim mentioned in the Mosaic genealogical table among the descendants of Mizraim. (Genesis 10:14) It has been generally assumed that Caphtor represents Crete, and that the Philistines migrated from that island, either directly or through Egypt, into Palestine. But the name Caphtor is more probably…
A celebrated people, who inhabited the southern seacoast of Canaan, which from them took the name of Philistia, Ps 60:8 108:9, or Palestine. They seem originally to have migrated form Egypt to Caphtor, by which some understand Crete, and others with the ancients Cappadocia, Ge 10:14, and thence to have passed over to Palestine under the name of Caphtorim, where they drove out the Avim, who dwelt from Hazerim to Azzah, that is, Gaza, and swelt in their stead, De 2:23. The country they inhabited lay between the higher land of Judea and the Mediterranean, and was in the main a level and fertile territory. It resembles our own western prairies; and bears splendid crops year after year, though miserably cultivated and never manured.
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
HR — PrepositionHR
מַעֲבָר (ma`abar) refers to a crossing place, specifically a ford or pass, where one can traverse a river or mountain. The term can also imply the act of passing or transit. Relatedly, מַעֲבָרָה (ma`abarah) carries the same meanings, emphasizing the concept of passage.
[מַעֲבָר] n.[m.] ford, pass, passing
base
מַעֲבָרָה n.f. ford, pass, passing
base
H4569a מַעֲבָר ford, pass, passing H4569b מַעֲבָרָה ford, pass, passing
4569 ma`abar mah-ab-awr'
or feminine mapabarah {mah-ab-aw-raw'}; from 5674; a
crossing-place (of a river, a ford; of a mountain, a pass);
abstractly, a transit, i.e. (figuratively)
overwhelming:--ford, place where...pass, passage.
see HEBREW for 05674
מַעֲבָר (ma.a.var) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
מַעֲבָרָה (ma.a.va.rah) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
Also means: ma.a.var (מַעֲבָר "ford" H4569A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מִכְמָס (Mikmac) refers to a city in the territory of Benjamin, located north of Jerusalem. The name is derived from a root meaning 'hidden.' It appears in biblical texts such as Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 11:31, indicating its historical significance in the region.
מִכְמָס n.pr.loc.; = מִכְמָשׂ;—city in Benjamin, N. fr. Geba and Jerusalem (E. fr. Bethaven)
base
H4363 מִכְמָס; = מִכְמָשׂ;—city in Benjamin, N. fr. Geba and Jerusalem (E. fr. Bethaven)
4363 Mikmac mik-maws'
(Ezra 2:2 or Mikmash {mik-mawsh'}; or Mikmash (Neh. 11:31)
{mik-mash'}; from 3647; hidden; Mikmas or Mikmash, a place in
Palestine:--Mikmas, Mikmash.
see HEBREW for 03647
מִכְמָס, מִכְמָשׂ (mikh.mas) — Michmash.
§ Michmas or Michmash = "hidden"
a city in Benjamin lying near Ramah and approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Jerusalem; probably modern 'Mukhmas'
N-proper — Noun properHNpl