Isaiah 10:28 — Word Study
WLCבָּ֥א עַל־ עַיַּ֖ת עָבַ֣ר בְּמִגְר֑וֹן לְמִכְמָ֖שׂ יַפְקִ֥יד כֵּלָֽיו׃
BSA[Assyria] has enteredbôwʼ■ [the powerful and oppressive nation, come against, approached] AiathʻAy [a city in Palestine, 'heap of ruins'] and passed throughʻâbar■ [crossed over, transitioned] MigronMigrôwn [a place in Palestine, 'precipice'] storingpâqad▸ [laying up, reckoning] their supplieskᵉlîy [baggage, utensils, articles] at MichmashMikmâç [a city in ancient Palestine, 'hidden']
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בָּ֥א | he has come | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| עַל־ | to | Preposition |
| עַיַּ֖ת | Aiath | Noun proper |
| עָבַ֣ר | he has passed | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| בְּמִגְר֑וֹן | in Migron | Preposition, noun proper |
| לְמִכְמָ֖שׂ | to Micmash | Preposition, noun proper |
| יַפְקִ֥יד | he deposits | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| כֵּלָֽיו׃ | baggage his | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash. |
| KJV | He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages: |
| ASV | He is come to Aiath, he is passed through Migron; at Michmash he layeth up his baggage; |
| YLT | He hath come in against Aiath, He hath passed over into Migron, At Michmash he looketh after his vessels. |
| WEB | He has come to Aiath. He has passed through Migron. At Michmash he stores his baggage. |
| BBE | He has gone up from Pene-Rimmon, he has come to Aiath; he has gone past Migron, at Michmash he puts his forces in order. |
Where they part company is יַפְקִ֥יד — see How Translations Differ.
The main action is presented first, followed by additional details that describe the movement and preparations of the Assyrian army.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבּוֹא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 10:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Burden of Assyriagenerated
Isaiah 10:28 describes the military advance of Assyria, detailing its journey through various locations as it prepares for conflict. This passage highlights the impending threat posed by Assyria to the surrounding regions, emphasizing the burden and fear it brings to the people. The mention of specific places like Aiath and Michmash situates the narrative within a geographical context, illustrating the strategic movements of the Assyrian forces.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 7:2 | Meanwhile, Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which is near Beth-aven to the east of Bethel, and told them, “Go up and spy out the land.” So the men went up and spied out Ai. |
| 2 | Nehemiah 11:31 | The descendants of Benjamin from Geba lived in Michmash, Aija, and Bethel with its villages; |
| 3 | 1 Samuel 14:2 | Meanwhile, Saul was staying under the pomegranate tree in Migron on the outskirts of Gibeah. And the troops who were with him numbered about six hundred men, |
| 4 | 1 Samuel 13:2–5 | He chose for himself three thousand men of Israel: Two thousand were with Saul at Michmash and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan in Gibeah of Benjamin. And the rest of the troops he sent away, each to his own home. |
| 5 | 1 Samuel 14:5–31 | One cliff stood to the north toward Michmash, and the other to the south toward Geba. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יַפְקִ֥יד, yaf.Kidgenerated
The verb פָּקַד (paqad) is a Hiphil imperfect form meaning 'he deposits' or 'he oversees.' It implies an action of oversight or care, often associated with appointing or delivering something into someone's care. The verb can convey both positive and negative connotations depending on the context, such as visiting or punishing.
In this verse, it indicates the Assyrian army's action of depositing supplies, highlighting their logistical preparations as they advance. The use of this verb underscores the organized and deliberate nature of their military campaign.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of יַפְקִ֥יד, as all versions render it in a way that reflects the action of depositing or storing supplies.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb בָּ֥א (ba'), meaning 'he has come,' governs the entire sentence, with several phrases providing additional information about the actions of Assyria. The structure emphasizes the sequential actions of entering, passing through, and depositing.
The sentence is built with a series of prepositional phrases that describe the locations involved in the Assyrian advance, creating a clear picture of their path and intentions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בָּ֥א as ἥχει (he has come), which maintains the sense of arrival but may imply a more immediate presence. This choice reflects a direct interpretation of the Hebrew verb.
The Greek word θήσει (he will deposit) for יַפְקִ֥יד suggests a similar action of storing or placing, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 10:28 describes how the Assyrian army has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash. This verse illustrates the military movements of Assyria as they prepare for an advance, highlighting specific locations they encounter along the way.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This indicates that the Assyrian army is moving into the region, signifying a military advance that poses a threat to the surrounding areas.
The mention of locations like Aiath and Michmash provides context for the Assyrian army's movements and highlights the geographical implications of their invasion.
The word 'deposits' indicates the logistical preparations of the Assyrian army, emphasizing their organized approach to military campaigns.
This verse reflects the theme of impending judgment and the threat of foreign powers, illustrating the challenges faced by Israel during Isaiah's time.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the nature of military campaigns from this passage?
- How does the advance of Assyria affect the people in the regions mentioned?
- In what ways can we see parallels between historical events and current geopolitical situations?
- How does understanding the context of this verse enhance our reading of Isaiah?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this passage, noting the military movements of Assyria and their implications for the people of Israel.
He will come to Aiath, he will pass through Migron: at Machmas he will deposit his baggage. They went with haste to Geba, our city (or as we find elsewhere written: they stayed at the lodging place);Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 10:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe is come to Aiath,.... In this and the following verses is prophetically described the expedition of Sennacherib to Jerusalem, when he either went from Assyria, or returned from Egypt thither; and
Read John Gill on Isaiah 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages: Onward gradual march of Sennacherib's army toward Jerusalem, and the panic of the inhabitants, vividly pictured before the eyes.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe is come to Aiath: here the prophet returns to his former discourse concerning the Assyrian invasion into Judah; which he describes, after the manner of the prophets, as a thing present, and sets down the several stages by which he marched towards Jerusalem. The places here named are most of them towns of Benjamin, and some of Judah, as appears from other scriptures; of which it is needless to say more in this place. He, to wit, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, is come in his way to Jerusalem. He hath laid up his carriages; leaving such things there as were less necessary, that so he might march with more expedition. Heb. he visited his vessels or instruments; which may be meant of his…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 10:28 He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages:Ver. 28. He is come to Aiath.] Elegans hypotyposis, a dainty description of Sennacherib’ s invasion into the land, and progress with his army toward Jerusalem, through the tribe of Benjamin. He is passed to Migron.] Fourteen cities are here set down in order, as distressed by this Poliorceres, of whom it might be truly said, as it is now of the Grand Signor, that no grass groweth on that ground where he hath set his foot once, At Michmash he hath laid up his carriages,] i.e., He shall; but the prophet speaketh of it as if presently done, or as if himself had been marching along with them.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) He is come to Aiath . . .—There is an obvious break between this and the preceding verse, and a new section begins, connected with the former by unity of subject, both referring to Sargon’s invasion of Judah. That such an invasion took place at or about the time of that king’s attack on Ashdod (Isaiah 20:1) the inscriptions leave no doubt. The Koujunyik cylinder names the king of Judah as having joined with the king of Ashdod; and in another, Sargon speaks of himself as “the subduer of the lands of Judah” (Layard, Inscriptions, xxxiii. 8). There is nothing in the passage itself to determine whether Isaiah 10:28-32 are predictive or historical, or when they were first uttered. Assuming…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. He is come to Aiath] A description of the march of Sennacherib's army approaching Jerusalem in order to invest it, and of the terror and confusion spreading and increasing through the several places as he advanced; expressed with great brevity, but finely diversified. The places here mentioned are all in the neighbourhood of Jerusalem; from Ai northward, to Nob westward of it; from which last place he might probably have a prospect of Mount Sion. Anathoth was within three Roman miles of Jerusalem, according to Eusebius, Jerome and Josephus. Onomast. Loc. Hebr. et Antiq. Jud. x. 7, 3. Nob was probably still nearer. And it should seem from this passage of Isaiah that Sennacherib's…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe is come to Aiath - These verses Isaiah 10:28-32 contain a description of the march of the army of Sennacherib as he approached Jerusalem to invest it. The description is expressed with great beauty.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible28. Meanwhile another episode of the towering cedar — the Assyrian in his menacing march upon Jerusalem — must come in. All recent commentators admit this to be a scene in vision.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash.
He has come to Aiath. He has passed through Migron. At Michmash he stores his baggage.
Assyria has entered Aiath and passed through Migron, storing their supplies at Michmash.
They attacked Aiath, moved through Migron, depositing their supplies at Micmash.
Tyndale line
He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages:
He is come to Aiath, he is passed through Migron; at Michmash he layeth up his baggage;
He is come to Aiath, he is passed through Migron; at Michmash he layeth up his baggage:
He is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his furniture.
He is come to Aiath: he is passed into Migron: at Michmash shall he lay vp his armour.
Strictly literal
He is come to Aiath, he hath passed through Migron; at Michmash he layeth up his baggage.
He hath come in against Aiath, He hath passed over into Migron, At Michmash he looketh after his vessels.
He has come in against Aiath, || He has passed over into Migron, || At Michmash he looks after his vessels.
He cometh to 'Ayath, he passeth on to Migron; at Michmash he layeth up his baggage;
The enemy has come to Aiath and has passed through Migron; at Michmash he has stored his provisions.
From the Latin
He shall come into Aiath, he shall pass into Magron: at Machmas he shall lay up his carriages.
Simplified
The Assyrians came to Aiath, passed through Migron, and stored their supplies at Michmash.
He has gone up from Pene-Rimmon, he has come to Aiath; he has gone past Migron, at Michmash he puts his forces in order.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with both conveying the same essential actions of the Assyrian army. The Dead Sea Scrolls also support the Masoretic reading, although some words are partially restored in the scrolls.
בָּ֥א עַל־ עַיַּ֖ת עָבַ֣ר בְּמִגְר֑וֹן לְמִכְמָ֖שׂ יַפְקִ֥יד כֵּלָֽיו׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
בא על עית׳ה עבר במגרון למכמש יפקוד כלי׳ו
8 words on the leather.
בא אל עיות עבר [במגרון] [למכמש] [יפקיד] [כלי׳ו]
2 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 10:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go
Qal
come in
come (approach, arrive)
go, i.e. walk, associate with
go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
Hiph.
cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
Hoph.
be brought in (of pers. and things)
be brought
be introduced, put
base
H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in
. come (approach, arrive)
. go, i.e. walk, associate with
. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
. . be brought in (of pers. and things)
. be brought
. be introduced, put
935 bow' bo
a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of
applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +
besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X
certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,
upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,
(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be
fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),
grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,
pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken
(in age), X surely, take (in), way.
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.
: come/go_in
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
1a5) to go
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lead in
1b2) to carry in
1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon
1b4) to bring to pass
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought, brought in
1c2) to be introduced, be put
לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).
This name means to go in, enter
Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.
: towards/entrance
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
kum: The translation of many Hebrew and Greek words. In the phrase "The Spirit of Yahweh came mightily upon him" (Jud 14:6,19; 15:14; 1Sa 10:10; 11:6; 16:13), the word is tsaleah; Jud 14:6; 15:14 "came mightily," which is the uniform translation of the Revised Version (British and American) (compare Jud 13:25 "to move," i.e. to disturb or stir up). In Jud 6:34; 1Ch 12:18; 2Ch 24:20, it is labhesh, "to clothe"; the Revised Version, margin "The Spirit .... clothed itself with Gideon" and .... "with Zechariah,"…
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR — PrepositionHR
עַי (Ay) refers to an ancient city in Canaan, known as Ai or Aija, which is described as a 'heap of ruins.' It is located east of Bethel and near Jericho, and it is mentioned as the second city taken during the invasion of Canaan. Additionally, it is noted as a city of the Ammonites east of the Jordan, associated with Heshbon.
עַי, עַיָּ֑ת, עַיָּה 40 n.pr.loc.
old Canaanit. city
E. Jordan city
base
H5857 עַי, עַיָּ֑ת, עַיָּה . old Canaanit. city
. E. Jordan city
5857 `Ay ah'ee
or (feminine) uAya( (Neh. 11:31) {ah-yaw'}; or eAyath (Isaiah
10:28) {ah-yawth'}; for 5856; Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in
Palestine:--Ai, Aija, Aijath, Hai.
see HEBREW for 05856
עַי (ay) — Ai.
§ Ai or Aija or Aiath or Hai = "heap of ruins"
a city lying east of Bethel and beside Bethaven near Jericho and the second city taken on the invasion of Canaan
עַי (ay) — Ai.
§ Ai or Aija or Aiath or Hai = "heap of ruins"
a city of the Ammonites on the east of the Jordan and apparently attached to Heshbon
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
a'-yath (`ayyath): Found in Isa 10:28; feminine form of the city AI (which see).
(feminine of Ai), a place named by Isaiah, (Isaiah 10:28) in connection with Migron and Michmash probably the same as Ai.
same as Ai; an hour; eye; fountain
Aijeleth-Shahar
the land of the morning
→ See AI
The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on
Qal
pass over
Pass beyond
Pass through, traverse
pass along by
pass by
sweep by, of scourge
be past, over, of time
pass along (from hand to hand)
Pass on, go on
Pass away
Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
Pi.
his bull impregnateth
cause one to cross river
cause something to pass over
make over to
devote children to (לְ) heathen god
pass along (from hand to hand)
cause to pass through
let pass through
cause to pass by
let pass by
cause arrow to pass beyond
cause to pass under rod, for counting
cause to pass away, take away
Hiph.
cause to pass over, bring over
he made to pass across with chains of gold
base
[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
base
H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over
. Pass beyond
. Pass through, traverse
. . pass along by
. pass by
. sweep by, of scourge
. be past, over, of time
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. Pass on, go on
. Pass away
. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river
. cause something to pass over
. make over to
. devote children to (לְ) heathen god
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. . cause to pass through
. let pass through
. . cause to pass by
. let pass by
. cause arrow to pass beyond
. cause to pass under rod, for counting
. cause to pass away, take away
. . cause to pass over, bring over
. he made to pass across with chains of gold
H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
5674 `abar aw-bar'
a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any
transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,
intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,
through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),
convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,
gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,
in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,
overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)
pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,
through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,
provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,
send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X
speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)
transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be
wrath.
עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.
1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over
1a2) to pass beyond
1a3) to pass through, traverse
1a3a) passers-through (participle)
1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)
1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by
1a4a) passer-by (participle)
1a4b) to be past, be over
1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance
1a6) to pass away
1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)
1a6b) to vanish
1a6c) to perish, cease to exist
1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)
1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands
1b) (Niphal) to be crossed
1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
מִגְרוֹן (migron) refers to a location, specifically a district near Gibeah, which is associated with Saul's home. It is described as being north of Michmash and is linked to the meaning 'precipice.' The entries consistently identify it as a geographical place in Palestine.
מִגְרוֹן n.pr.loc.
district (?) near Gibeah (home of Saul)
place north of Michmash (and Gibeah)
base
H4051 מִגְרוֹן . district (?) near Gibeah (home of Saul)
. place north of Michmash (and Gibeah)
4051 Migrown mig-rone'
from 4048; precipice; Migron, a place in Palestine:--Migron.
see HEBREW for 04048
מִגְרוֹן (mig.ron) — Migron.
§ Migron = "precipice"
a place near Gibeah north of Michmash
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Migron
Precipice or landslip, a place between Aiath and Michmash (Isa. 10:28). The town of the same name mentioned in 1 Sam. 14:2 was to the south of this.
(precipice), a town or a spot in the neighborhood of Gibeah. (1 Samuel 14:23) Migron is also mentioned in Sennacherib’s approach to Jerusalem. (Isaiah 10:28)
fear; farm; throat
מִכְמָס (Mikmac) refers to a city in the territory of Benjamin, located north of Jerusalem. The name is derived from a root meaning 'hidden.' It appears in biblical texts such as Ezra 2:2 and Nehemiah 11:31, indicating its historical significance in the region.
מִכְמָס n.pr.loc.; = מִכְמָשׂ;—city in Benjamin, N. fr. Geba and Jerusalem (E. fr. Bethaven)
base
H4363 מִכְמָס; = מִכְמָשׂ;—city in Benjamin, N. fr. Geba and Jerusalem (E. fr. Bethaven)
4363 Mikmac mik-maws'
(Ezra 2:2 or Mikmash {mik-mawsh'}; or Mikmash (Neh. 11:31)
{mik-mash'}; from 3647; hidden; Mikmas or Mikmash, a place in
Palestine:--Mikmas, Mikmash.
see HEBREW for 03647
מִכְמָס, מִכְמָשׂ (mikh.mas) — Michmash.
§ Michmas or Michmash = "hidden"
a city in Benjamin lying near Ramah and approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Jerusalem; probably modern 'Mukhmas'
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
פָּקַד (paqad) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses a range of meanings including to attend to, visit, muster, appoint, and punish. It can imply oversight or care, as well as the act of seeking or lacking something. The word can also be used in various grammatical forms, indicating actions such as being appointed or being visited upon. The plural form פְּקוּדִים refers to musterings or expenses.
פָּקַד 303 vb. attend to, visit, muster, appoint
Qal
pay attention to, observe (with care, practical interest)
attend to, in act, see to
seek (with interest, desire)
seek in vain, need, miss, lack
specif. visit, c. acc., for different purposes
c. עַל pers., visit upon
pass in review, muster (nearly = number), c. acc.
appoint
Niph.
be (sought, i.e. needed) missed, lacking
be visited (graciously)
be visited upon, עַל pers.
be appointed
Pi. (intens.) muster a host
Pu. be passed in review; be caused to miss, deprived
Hithp. be mustered
Hothp. id.
Hiph.
c. acc. pers. set (over), make overseer
c. acc. rei (implic.)
commit, entrust
deposit
Hoph.
be visited in punishment
be deposited
be made overseer
base
[פְּקוּדִים] n.pl.[m.] abstr. musterings, i.e. expenses;—cstr. Ex 38:21
ref
H6485a פָּקַד attend to, visit, muster, appoint .. . . pay attention to, observe (with care, practical interest)
. attend to, in act, see to
. seek (with interest, desire)
. seek in vain, need, miss, lack
. specif. visit, c. acc., for different purposes
. c. עַל pers., visit upon
. pass in review, muster (nearly = number), c. acc.
. appoint
. . be (sought, i.e. needed) missed, lacking
. be visited (graciously)
. be visited upon, עַל pers.
. be appointed
. (intens.) muster a host
. be passed in review; be caused to miss, deprived
. be mustered
. id.
. . c. acc. pers. set (over), make overseer
. c. acc. rei (implic.) . commit, entrust
. deposit
. . be visited in punishment
. be deposited
. be made overseer
H6485b פְּקוּדִים n. pl. [m.] abstr. musterings, i.e. expenses
6485 paqad paw-kad'
a primitive root; to visit (with friendly or hostile intent);
by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss,
deposit, etc.:--appoint, X at all, avenge, bestow, (appoint
to have the, give a) charge, commit, count, deliver to keep,
be empty, enjoin, go see, hurt, do judgment, lack, lay up,
look, make, X by any means, miss, number, officer, (make)
overseer, have (the) oversight, punish, reckon, (call to)
remember(-brance), set (over), sum, X surely, visit, want.
פָּקַד (pa.qad) — to reckon: list.
: list/count
1) to attend to, muster, number, reckon, visit, punish, appoint, look after, care for
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pay attention to, observe
1a2) to attend to
1a3) to seek, look about for
1a4) to seek in vain, need, miss, lack
1a5) to visit
1a6) to visit upon, punish
1a7) to pass in review, muster, number
1a8) to appoint, assign, lay upon as a charge, deposit
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be sought, be needed, be missed, be lacking
1b2) to be visited
1b3) to be visited upon
1b4) to be appointed
1b5) to be watched over
1c) (Piel) to muster, call up
1d) (Pual) to be passed in review, be caused to miss, be called, be called to account
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to set over, make overseer, appoint an overseer
1e2) to commit, entrust, commit for care, deposit
1f) (Hophal)
1f1) to be visited
1f2) to be deposited
1f3) to be made overseer, be entrusted
1g) (Hithpael) numbered
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularHVhi3ms
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms