2 Chronicles 17:12 — Word Study
WLCוַיְהִ֧י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֵ֖ל עַד־ לְמָ֑עְלָה וַיִּ֧בֶן בִּֽיהוּדָ֛ה בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת וְעָרֵ֥י מִסְכְּנֽוֹת׃
BSAJehoshaphatYᵉhôwshâphâṭ [became exceedingly great, prospered] grew strongerhâlak and strongermaʻal [in power and influence, waxed great] and he builtbânâh▸ [established, constructed] fortressesbîyrânîyth [strongholds, castles] and storemiçkᵉnâh citiesʻîyr [cities of supply, storage towns] in JudahYᵉhûwdâh [the region of the tribe of Judah]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיְהִ֧י | and it was | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט | Jehoshaphat | Noun proper masculine |
| הֹלֵ֥ךְ | [was] going | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| וְגָדֵ֖ל | and [was] becoming great | Conjunction |
| עַד־ | to | Preposition |
| לְמָ֑עְלָה | upwards | Preposition, suffix |
| וַיִּ֧בֶן | and he built | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בִּֽיהוּדָ֛ה | in Judah | Preposition, noun proper |
| בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת | fortresses | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| וְעָרֵ֥י | and cities of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| מִסְכְּנֽוֹת׃ | storage | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Jehoshaphat grew stronger and stronger, and he built fortresses and store cities in Judah |
| KJV | ¶ And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store. |
| ASV | And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles and cities of store. |
| YLT | And Jehoshaphat is going on and becoming very great, and he buildeth in Judah palaces and cities of store, |
| WEB | Jehoshaphat grew great exceedingly; and he built fortresses and store cities in Judah. |
| BBE | Jehoshaphat became greater and greater, and made strong towers and store-towns in Judah. |
Where they part company is in the description of the cities — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by subordinate phrases, emphasizing Jehoshaphat's growth and his strategic actions.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיְהוֹשָׁפָט
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Chronicles 17:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Reign of Jehoshaphatgenerated
2 Chronicles 17:12 highlights the strengthening of Jehoshaphat during his reign as king of Judah. His efforts to fortify his kingdom through the construction of fortresses and store cities reflect his strategic leadership and commitment to the safety and prosperity of his people. This period is characterized by military and economic growth, as seen in the subsequent verses that detail his preparations and the resources he amassed.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Chronicles 18:1 | Now Jehoshaphat had riches and honor in abundance, and he allied himself with Ahab by marriage. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 29:25 | The LORD highly exalted Solomon in the sight of all Israel and bestowed on him royal majesty such as had not been bestowed on any king in Israel before him. |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 8:2–6 | Solomon rebuilt the cities Hiram had given him and settled Israelites there. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 11:5–12 | Rehoboam continued to live in Jerusalem, and he built up cities for defense in Judah. |
| 5 | 2 Chronicles 14:6–7 | Because the land was at peace, Asa built fortified cities in Judah. In those days no one made war with him, because the LORD had given him rest. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְהוֹשָׁפָט, ye.ho.sha.Fatgenerated
The name יְהוֹשָׁפָט (yehoshaphat) means 'Jehovah has judged.' It refers to a significant king of Judah known for his piety and prosperity. His reign is noted for military strength and the establishment of fortified cities.
As a proper noun, Jehoshaphat is central to the narrative, representing a leader who not only strengthened his kingdom but also sought to ensure its security and stability through construction and fortification.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יְהִ֧י, and it was, governs the sentence, indicating a state of being. The subject יְהוֹשָׁפָט, Jehoshaphat, follows, marking him as the focus of the action.
The structure emphasizes Jehoshaphat's growth and accomplishments, with the subsequent clauses detailing his actions: building fortresses and cities, which are key to understanding his reign.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יְהוֹשָׁפָט as ιωσαφατ, maintaining the name's integrity across translations. This consistency underscores Jehoshaphat's significance in both Hebrew and Greek traditions.
The Greek word for בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת is not provided, but the presence of fortifications in both texts highlights the importance of military strength in Jehoshaphat's reign.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Chronicles 17:12 tells us that Jehoshaphat grew stronger and built fortresses and store cities in Judah. This reflects his efforts to protect and provide for his kingdom, ensuring its security and prosperity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that Jehoshaphat's power and influence increased significantly during his reign.
He built fortresses to protect his kingdom from potential threats and to secure his people's safety.
Store cities were places where supplies and resources were kept, ensuring that the kingdom had what it needed during times of need.
His actions helped to strengthen the military and economic stability of Judah, contributing to a prosperous reign.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I strengthen my own community as Jehoshaphat did for Judah?
- How can I ensure that I am prepared for challenges in my life, similar to how Jehoshaphat fortified his kingdom?
- What resources do I have that I can use to support others, like the store cities provided for Judah?
- How can I embody the qualities of leadership that Jehoshaphat demonstrated?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Chronicles 17:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly,.... In wealth and riches, power and authority, in his forces and fortifications: and he built in Judah castles, and cities of stores; castles for the defence
Read John Gill on 2 Chronicles 17 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Chronicles 17 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Chronicles 17:12 And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store.Ver. 12. And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly.] Heb., He was going and growing. "By humility and the fear of the Lord are riches, and honour, and life." And he built in Judah castles.] Bironeoth, πυργους, turres. So did the Burgundians, and thence had their names And cities of store.] Granaries; in the Hebrew they have their name from their utility or usefulness.
Read John Trapp on 2 Chronicles 17 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) And Jehoshaphat waxed great.—Literally, And Jehoshaphat was going on and waxing great, i.e., became greater and greater. (Comp. 1 Chronicles 11:9.) Exceedingly.—‘Ad lĕ ?mΰ’lah. This phrase occurs again in 2 Chronicles 16:12; 2 Chronicles 26:8, and nowhere else in the Old Testament. (See on 1 Chronicles 14:2.) And he built.—Like his predecessors—Solomon, Rehoboam, Asa—he displayed his wealth and power in great public works. The records of the Assyrian and Babylonian sovereigns are largely taken up with similar accounts of temple and palace building. Castles.—Biranξyτth, a derivative from birah (1 Chronicles 29:1; 1 Chronicles 29:19; comp. Syriac here, birτthτ). It only recurs at 2…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Chronicles 17 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. castles] Heb. bîrâniyyôth; cp. 2 Chronicles 27:4 (same word); and 2 Chronicles 26:10 (“towers”). Such small castles or towers lie scattered along the pilgrim-road from Damascus to Mecca at the present day to make the way safe. cities of store] Cp. 2 Chronicles 11:11-12.
Read Cambridge on 2 Chronicles 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Jehoshaphat grew stronger and stronger, and he built fortresses and store cities in Judah
Jehoshaphat grew great exceedingly; and he built fortresses and store cities in Judah.
Jehoshaphat grew stronger and stronger, and he built fortresses and store cities in Judah
Jehoshaphat’s power kept increasing. He built fortresses and storage cities throughout Judah.
Tyndale line
¶ And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store.
And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles and cities of store.
And Jehoshaphat waxed great exceedingly; and he built in Judah castles and cities of store.
And Jehoshaphat became exceedingly great; and he built in Judah castles, and cities of store.
So Iehoshaphat prospered and grewe vp on hie: and he built in Iudah palaces and cities of store.
Strictly literal
And Jehoshaphat waxed exceeding great; and he built in Judah castles and store-cities.
And Jehoshaphat is going on and becoming very great, and he buildeth in Judah palaces and cities of store,
And Jehoshaphat is going on and becoming very great, and he builds palaces and cities of store in Judah,
And Jehoshaphat went on becoming exceedingly great, and he built in Judah castles and treasure-cities.
Jehoshaphat became very powerful. He built fortresses and store cities in Judah.
From the Latin
And Josaphat grew, and became exceeding great: and he built in Juda houses like towers, and walled cities.
Simplified
Jehoshaphat grew increasingly powerful, and he built fortresses and storehouse towns in Judah.
Jehoshaphat became greater and greater, and made strong towers and store-towns in Judah.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states that Jehoshaphat grew stronger and built fortresses and store cities in Judah. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as it matches 10 of the 11 words, although the specific wording and order may differ due to translation choices. There are no significant differences in the core content between these witnesses, indicating a strong consistency in the text regarding Jehoshaphat's actions.
וַיְהִ֧י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְגָדֵ֖ל עַד־ לְמָ֑עְלָה וַיִּ֧בֶן בִּֽיהוּדָ֛ה בִּירָנִיּ֖וֹת וְעָרֵ֥י מִסְכְּנֽוֹת׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Chronicles 17:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Hc/Vqw3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
The Hebrew word יְהוֹשָׁפָט (*Yhowshaphat*) means 'Jehovah has judged.' It refers to several individuals, including a king of Judah, a chronicler, and a priest during the time of David, as well as a valley near Jerusalem associated with ultimate judgment. The entries note that Jehoshaphat was a significant king known for his piety and prosperity.
יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט n.pr.m. (י׳ hath judged)
king of Judah, son of Asa
father of Jehu king of Israel
chronicler under David & Solomon, son of Ahilud
one of Sol.’s 12 officers who provided victuals for the royal household
one of David’s heroes
a priest & trumpeter in David’s time
in n.pr.loc., symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem, place of ultimate judgment.
base
H3092 יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט
3092 Yhowshaphat yeh-ho-shaw-fawt'
from 3068 and 8199; Jehovah-judged; Jehoshaphat, the name of
six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem:--Jehoshaphat.
Compare 3146.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 08199
see HEBREW for 03146
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (ye.ho.sha.phat) — Jehoshaphat.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.16;
son of: Ahilud (H0286);
brother of: Baana (H1195)
§ Jehoshaphat = "Jehovah has judged"
1) son of king Asa and himself king of Judah for 25 years; one of the best, most pious, and prosperous kings of Judah
2) son of Nimshi and father of king Jehu of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) son of Ahilud and chronicler under David and Solomon
4) son of Paruah and one of the 12 commissary officers under Solomon
5) a priest and trumpeter in the time of David
6) symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem which is the place of ultimate judgment; maybe the deep ravine which separates Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives through which the Kidron flowed
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (ye.ho.sha.phat) — Jehoshaphat.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.17;
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jehoshaphat
Jehovah-judged. (1.) One of David’s body-guard (1 Chr. 11:43).
(2.) One of the priests who accompanied the removal of the ark to Jerusalem (1 Chr. 15:24).
(3.) Son of Ahilud, “recorder” or annalist under David and Solomon (2 Sam. 8:16), a state officer of high rank, chancellor or vizier of the kingdom.
(4.) Solomon’s purveyor in Issachar (1 Kings 4:17).
(5.) The son and successor of Asa, king of Judah. After fortifying his kingdom against Israel (2 Chr. 17:1, 2), he set himself to cleanse the land of idolatry (1 Kings 22:43). In the third year of his…
(whom Jehovah judges.) King of Judah, son of Asa, succeeded to the throne B.C. 914, when he was 35 years old, and reigned 25 years. His history is to be found among the events recorded in (1 Kings 15:24; 2 Kings 8:16) or in a continuous narrative in (2 Chronicles 17:1; 2 Chronicles 21:3) He was contemporary with Ahab, Ahaziah and Jehoram. He was one of the best, most pious and prosperous kings of Judah, the greatest since Solomon. At first he strengthened himself against Israel; but soon afterward the two Hebrew kings formed an alliance. In his own kingdom Jehoshaphat ever showed himself a zealous follower of the commandments of God: he tried to put down the high places and…
A pious king of Judah, the son and successor of Asa. He began to reign at the age of thirty-five, about the year 914 B. C., and reigned twenty-five years. His history is found in 1Ki 15:24 22:1-53 2Ch 17:1-20:37. He was distinguished by his zeal for true religion, and his firm trust in God. He thoroughly cleansed the land from idolatry, restored the divine ordinances, and provided for the religious instruction of the people. His government was highly prospered at home and abroad. The great error of his life was an entangling alliance with the wicked Ahab, whose infamous daughter Athaliah early began to afflict the kingdom of Judah, of which she was afterwards the queen. Jehoshaphat was beguiled by Ahab into an unsuccessful war with the Syrians, but soon resumed his labors in…
the Lord is judge
הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.
הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk
Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך
lit.
of persons
Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
in like manner of inanimate things
The inf. abs. is often used
as in other vbs., quite independently
to intensify meaning of finite form
most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.
with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance
twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
quite by itself
13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
In combination with other verbal forms
Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:
pass away, die
H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons
. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
. in like manner of inanimate things
. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently
. to intensify meaning of finite form
. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance
. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
. quite by itself
. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
. In combination with other verbal forms
1980 halak haw-lak'
akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety
of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,
apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,
depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,
forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,
out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,
march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),
be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,
still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,
on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,
(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.
see HEBREW for 03212
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.
: went/go[away]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.
: come[nearer]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.
: walk/move
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
The Hebrew word גָּדֵל (*gadel*) is built from the root גָּד (*gad*), meaning to grow or become great. It encompasses the ideas of growing up or increasing in size, both literally and figuratively. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to growth and greatness.
גָּדֵל pt.m. or adj.verbal. becoming great, growing up
base
H1432 גָּדֵל becoming great, growing up
1432 gadel gaw-dale'
from 1431; large (literally or figuratively):--great, grew.
see HEBREW for 01431
גָּדֵל (ga.del) — growing.
becoming great, growing up
HC/Aamsa — ConjunctionHC/Aamsa
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
HR — PrepositionHR
מַ֫עַל (ma'al) refers to the concept of being above or upward. It is primarily used as a noun meaning 'higher part' but appears adverbially and prepositionally in phrases indicating positions such as 'above' or 'on higher ground.' The word is built from a root meaning 'to go up' and is found in various contexts in the Old Testament.
מַ֫עַל 140 subst., higher part, only in adv. and prep. phrases, above, upward
base
H4605 מַ֫עַל subst., higher part, only in adv. and prep. phrases, above, upward
4605 ma`al mah'al
from 5927; properly, the upper part, used only adverbially
with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.:--
above, exceeding(-ly), forward, on (X very) high, over,
up(-on, -ward), very.
see HEBREW for 05927
מַ֫עַל (ma.al) — above.
subst
1) higher part, upper part
adv
1a) above
prep
1b) on the top of, above, on higher ground than
with locative
1c) upwards, higher, above
Prep | Adv | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Acbsa/Sd
The Hebrew word בָּנָה (banah) means "to build" and encompasses various forms such as rebuilding, establishing, and making permanent. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of restored exiles. The entries indicate that it can also imply being built up, particularly in the context of a childless wife becoming a mother.
בָּנָה 373 vb. build
Qal build
Niph.
be built
be rebuilt
(fig.) of restored exiles, = established
established, made permanent
base
H1129 בָּנָה build .build
.. . be built
. be rebuilt
. . (fig.) of restored exiles, = established
. established, made permanent
1129 banah baw-naw'
a primitive root; to build (literally and
figuratively):--(begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make,
repair, set (up), X surely.
בָּנָה (ba.nah) — to build.
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild
1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built
1b2) to be rebuilt
1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)
1b4) established (made permanent)
1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
יְהוּדָה (yehudah) means 'Judah' and is derived from a root meaning 'praised.' It refers to the son of Jacob and Leah, the tribe descended from him, and the territory they occupied. The term also encompasses the southern kingdom of Judah, which included the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. Additionally, it identifies various individuals, including Levites and overseers during the time of Ezra and Nehemiah.
יְהוּדָה 820 n.pr.m. et terr. Judah
n.pr.m.
son of Jacob and Leah
tribe descended from Judah
nation, of southern kingdom under dynasty of David, as distinguished from northern kingdom of Ephraim or Israel
Levite, Ezra’s time
an overseer of Jerus.
Levite musician
priest
n.pr.terr. land of Judah
base
H3063 יְהוּדָה Judah
3063 Yhuwdah yeh-hoo-daw'
from 3034; celebrated; Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five
Israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of
its territory:--Judah.
see HEBREW for 03034
יְהוּדָה (ye.hu.dah) — Judah.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.35;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);
brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);
half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); married to Bath-shua (H1323I) and Tamar (H8559);
father of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209), Shelah (H7956), Perez (H6557) and Zerah (H2226I)
§ Judah = "praised"
1) the son of Jacob by Leah
2) the tribe descended from Judah the son of Jacob
3) the territory occupied by the tribe of Judah
4) the kingdom comprised of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin which occupied the southern part of Canaan after the nation split upon the death of Solomon
5) a Levite in Ezra's time
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Judah
Praise, the fourth son of Jacob by Leah. The name originated in Leah’s words of praise to the Lord on account of his birth: “Now will I praise [Heb. odeh] Jehovah, and she called his name Yehudah” (Gen. 29:35).
It was Judah that interposed in behalf of Joseph, so that his life was spared (Gen. 37:26, 27). He took a lead in the affairs of the family, and “prevailed above his brethren” (Gen. 43:3-10; 44:14, 16-34; 46:28; 1 Chr. 5:2).
Soon after the sale of Joseph to the Ishmaelites, Judah went to reside at Adullam, where he married a woman of Canaan. (See ONAN; TAMAR.) After the death of his wife Shuah, he returned to his father’s house, and there exercised much…
(praised, celebrated), the fourth son of Jacob and the fourth of Leah. (B.C. after 1753.) Of Judah’s personal character more traits are preserved than of any other of the patriarchs, with the exception of Joseph, whose life he in conjunction with Reuben saved. (Genesis 37:26-28) During the second visit to Egypt for corn it was Judah who understood to be responsible for the safety of Benjamin, ch. (Genesis 43:3-10) and when, through Joseph’s artifice, the brothers were brought back to the palace, he is again the leader and spokesman of the band. So too it is Judah who is sent before Jacob to smooth the way for him in the land of Goshen. ch. (Genesis 46:28) This ascendancy over his brethren is reflected in the last words…
The fourth son of Jacob and Leah, born in Mesopotamia, B. C. 1755, Ge 29:35. His name appears honorably in the history of Joseph, Ge 37:26,27 44:16-34; but disgracefully in that of Tamar his daughter-in-law, Ge 38:1-30. The dying benediction of Jacob foretells the superior power and prosperity of the family of Judah, and their continuance as chief of the Jewish race until the time of Christ, Ge 49:8-12. Though not the firstborn, Judah soon came to be considered as the chief of Jacob’s children, and his tribe was the most powerful and numerous. The southeastern part of Palestine fell to their lot. See JUDEA. On the border of their territory was Jerusalem, the seat of the…
the praise of the Lord; confession
בִּירָנִית (biyraniyth) refers to a fortress or fortified place. It is derived from the root word for 'fortress' and is noted as a late term in the Hebrew language. The entries consistently define it as a stronghold or castle.
[בִּירָנִית] n.f. fortress, fortified place (late)
base
H1003 בִּירָנִית
1003 biyraniyth bee-raw-neeth'
from 1002; a fortress:--castle.
see HEBREW for 01002
בִּירָנִית (bi.ra.nit) — fortress.
fortress, fortified place
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מִסְכְּנוֹת (micknah) refers to a place for supply or storage, such as a magazine or storehouse. It is derived from the root meaning to store. The entries consistently emphasize its function related to storage without significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מִסְכְּנוֹת n.f.pl. supply, storage
base
H4543 מִסְכְּנוֹת supply, storage
4543 micknah mis-ken-aw'
by transp. from 3664; a magazine: --store(-house), treasure.
see HEBREW for 03664
מִסְכְּנוֹת (mis.ke.nah) — storage.
supply, storage, storage house, magazine
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa