1 Chronicles 11:43 — Word Study
WLCחָנָן֙ בֶּֽן־ מַעֲכָ֔ה וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס
BSAHananChânân [descendant from] sonbên of MaacahMaʻăkâh [a place of oppression] JoshaphatYôwshâphâṭ [Jehovah judges, or God's judgment] the MithniteMithnîy△ [from the town of Methen, or a guardian]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חָנָן֙ | Hanan | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶּֽן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מַעֲכָ֔ה | Maacah | Noun proper masculine |
| וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט | and Joshaphat | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס | the Mithnite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
| KJV | Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
| ASV | Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
| YLT | Hanan son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
| WEB | Hanan the son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
| BBE | Hanan, the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, |
All translations agree on the wording of חָנָן, מַעֲכָה, and יְהוֹשָׁפָט.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by additional noun phrases that provide lineage and titles.
1 commentators on this verse
Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 5 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 11:43
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Mighty Warriors of Davidgenerated
1 Chronicles 11:43 lists Hanan, son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite as part of the elite warriors who served under King David. This passage is part of a larger section that details the names and backgrounds of David's mighty men, showcasing their valor and lineage, which was significant in ancient Israelite culture.
Cross References
The Key Word — חָנָן, cha.Nangenerated
The name חָנָן (Chanan) means 'he is merciful' and is a common name in the Bible. It is associated with several individuals, including warriors and leaders, particularly from the tribe of Benjamin. The parsing indicates it is a masculine proper noun, highlighting its use as a personal name.
The name is linked to mercy and compassion, reflecting a character trait that may have been valued among warriors. Hanan's identity as a descendant of Maacah adds to his significance in this context.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is absent in this verse, as it is a simple listing of names. The structure consists of several noun phrases identifying Hanan and Joshaphat, with their lineage and titles.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the names themselves, presenting them as notable figures in David's army.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek word αναν to render חָנָן, maintaining the name's identity without alteration. This choice reflects a straightforward transliteration rather than a translation of meaning.
For יְהוֹשָׁפָט, the Septuagint employs ιωσαφατ, preserving the name's significance and connection to God's judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 11:43 lists two warriors, Hanan, son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite, who served King David. This verse highlights their names and lineage, emphasizing their roles as part of David's mighty men.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Hanan means 'he is merciful' and is a common name among several figures in the Bible.
Lineage signifies identity and heritage, which were important in ancient Israel, especially for warriors serving a king.
Joshaphat means 'Jehovah judges' and was a notable warrior and priest during the reign of King David.
A Mithnite is someone from the town of Methen, and in this context, it identifies Joshaphat as a member of David's guard.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of names and lineage from this verse?
- How do the identities of Hanan and Joshaphat reflect their roles in David's army?
- Why might the author of Chronicles choose to include these names specifically?
- In what ways do the names of biblical figures convey their character or significance?
Commentators on this verse — 1 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 11:43 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(43) Joshaphat the Mithnite.—The LXX. has “the Mathanite,” or “the Bethanite.” Syriac, “Azi of Anathoth” !
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan the son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Tyndale line
Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite;
Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan the sonne of Maachah, and Ioshaphat the Mithnite,
Strictly literal
Hanan the son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Hanan son of Maachah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Chanan the son of Ma'achah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite.
Hanan son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
From the Latin
Hanan the son of Maacha, and Josaphat a Mathanite,
Simplified
Hanan, son of Maacah; Joshaphat the Mithnite;
Hanan, the son of Maacah, and Joshaphat the Mithnite,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: "חָנָן֙ בֶּֽן־ מַעֲכָ֔ה וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס" which translates to "Hanan son of Maacah, Joshaphat the Mithnite." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in all five words, maintaining the same names and structure, although the word order may differ due to the Greek syntax. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, indicating a strong consistency across these ancient witnesses.
חָנָן֙ בֶּֽן־ מַעֲכָ֔ה וְיוֹשָׁפָ֖ט הַמִּתְנִֽי׃ ס
5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 11:43
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חָנָן (Chanan) refers to a name meaning 'he is merciful.' It is associated with several individuals from the tribe of Benjamin, including warriors and leaders during the Divided Monarchy. The entries highlight various figures named Hanan, including a descendant of Saul and a Levite who assisted Ezra. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding this word.
חָנָן n.pr.m. (gracious)
one of the warriors of David
one of the heads of families of Nethinim
names of Levites
chiefs of the people
Benjamite name
head of a prophetic guild
base
H2605 חָנָן
2605 Chanan khaw-nawn'
from 2603; favor; Chanan, the name of seven
Israelites:--Canan.
see HEBREW for 02603
חָנָן (cha.nan) — Hanan.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.23;
son of: Shashak (H8349);
brother of: Ishpan (H3473), Eber (H5677J), Eliel (H0447I), Abdon (H5658I), Zichri (H2147I), Hananiah (H2608O), Elam (H5867), Anthothijah (H6070), Iphdeiah (H3301) and Penuel (H6439I)
§ Canan or Hanan = "he is merciful"
1) one of the chief people of the tribe of Benjamin
2) last of the 6 sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul
3) son of Maachah, one of David's mighty warriors
4) father of some sons who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
5) one of the Levites who assisted Ezra in his public exposition of the law
6) one of the heads of the people who also sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
7) another of the chief laymen who also sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Hanan
Merciful. (1.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:23). (2.) One of David’s heroes (1 Chr. 11:43). (3.) Jer. 35:4. (4.) A descendant of Saul (1 Chr. 8:38). (5.) One of the Nethinim (Ezra 2:46). (6.) One of the Levites who assisted Ezra (Neh. 8:7). (7.) One of the chiefs who subscribed the covenant (Neh. 10:22).
(merciful). One of the chief people of the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Chronicles 8:23) The last of the six sons of Azel, a descendant of Saul. (1 Chronicles 8:38; 9:44) (B.C. 588.) "Son of Maachah," i.e. possibly a Syrian of Aram-maachah, one of the heroes of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:43) (B.C. 1046). The sons of Hanan were among the Nethinim who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:46; Nehemiah 7:49) (B.C. 536). One of the Levites who assisted Ezra in his public exposition of the law. (Nehemiah 8:7) (B.C. 446.) The same person is probably mentioned in ch.…
full of grace
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַעֲכָה (Ma`akah) refers to both male and female figures in the Old Testament, including a son of Nahor, a Geshurite princess married to David, and various women associated with the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The name is linked to the concept of 'oppression.' It appears in different contexts, indicating a range of familial and geographical associations.
מַעֲכָה n.pr.m., f. et gent.
n.pr.m.
son of Nahor by his concubine
father of חָנָן, a hero of David
Simeonite name
father of Achish
n.pr.f.
Geshurite princess, wife of David, mother of Absalom
daughter of Absalom, wife of Rehoboam, mother of Abijam
mother of Asa, and called also daughter of Absalom
concubinr of Caleb
wife of Machir
wife of (יעיאל), father of Gibeon
n.pr.gent. dwelling W. of Bashan
base
H4601 מַעֲכָה . n. pr. m. . son of Nahor by his concubine
. father of חָנָן, a hero of David
. Simeonite name
. father of Achish
. n. pr. f. . Geshurite princess, wife of David, mother of Absalom
. daughter of Absalom, wife of Rehoboam, mother of Abijam
. mother of Asa, and called also daughter of Absalom
. concubinr of Caleb
. wife of Machir
. wife of (יעיאל), father of Gibeon
. n. pr. gent. dwelling W. of Bashan
4601 Ma`akah mah-ak-aw'
or Mamakath (Josh. 13:13) {mah-ak-awth'}; from 4600;
depression; Maakah (or Maakath), the name of a place in Syria,
also of a Mesopotamian, of three Israelites, and of four
Israelitesses and one Syrian woman:--Maachah, Maachathites.
See also 1038.
see HEBREW for 04600
see HEBREW for 01038
מַעֲכָה (ma.a.khah) — Maacah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, only mentioned at Gen.22.24;
son of: Nahor (H5152H) and Reumah (H7208);
brother of: Tebah (H2875), Gaham (H1514) and Tahash (H8477);
half-brother of: Uz (H5780H), Buz (H0938), Kemuel (H7055), Chesed (H3777), Hazo (H2375), Pildash (H6394), Jidlaph (H3044) and Bethuel (H1328A)
§ Maachah = "oppression"
son of Nahor by concubine Reumah
מַעֲכָה (ma.a.khah) — (Aram)-maacah.
Combined with a.ram (אֲרָם "Aram" H0758K)
§ Maachah = "oppression"
a mercenary people hired to fight David
מַעֲכָה (ma.a.khah) — Maacah.
A woman living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.3.3;
daughter of: Talmai (H8526H); married to David (H1732);
mother of: Absalom (H0053)
§ Maachah = "oppression"
daughter of king Talmai of Geshur, wife or David, and mother of Absalom
מַעֲכָה (ma.a.khah) — Maacah.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ma'-a-ka (ma`akhah; Septuagint: Codex Vaticanus Mocha; Codex Alexandrinus Maacha): A small Syrian kingdom adjoining that of Geshur on the western border of Bashan, the inhabitants of which are called Maachathites (the Revised Version (British and American) "Maacathites"), whose territory was taken by Jair (De 3:14; Jos 12:5). The border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites and all Mt. Hermon were given to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Jos 13:11). The inhabitants of these kingdoms, however, were not driven out by Israel (Jos 13:13), and at a later day the children of Ammon hired mercenaries from Maacah for their encounter with David. The armies met near Medeba when the…
(oppression). The mother of Absalom; also called MAACHAH. (2 Samuel 3:3) Maacah, or (in (1 Chronicles 19:6,7)) Maachah, a small kingdom in close proximity to Palestine which appears to have lain outside Argob, (3:14) and Bashun. (Joshua 12:5) The Ammonite war was the only occasion on which the Maacathites came into contact with Israel when their king assisted the Ammonites against Joab with a force which he led himself. (2 Samuel 10:6,8; 1 Chronicles 19:7)
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (Yowshaphat) refers to a name meaning 'Jehovah judges.' It identifies several figures, including a king of Judah, a chronicler, and a priest during David's reign. The name also denotes a valley symbolizing ultimate judgment. The entries consistently highlight these roles, with references to 1 Chronicles 11:43 and 15:24.
יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט n.pr.m. (י׳ hath judged)
king of Judah, son of Asa
father of Jehu king of Israel
chronicler under David & Solomon, son of Ahilud
one of Sol.’s 12 officers who provided victuals for the royal household
one of David’s heroes
a priest & trumpeter in David’s time
in n.pr.loc., symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem, place of ultimate judgment.
base
H3146 יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט
3146 Yowshaphat yo-shaw-fawt'
a form of 3092; Joshaphat, an Israelite:--Joshaphat.
see HEBREW for 03092
יוֹשָׁפָט (yo.sha.phat) — Joshaphat.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.11.43
§ Joshaphat or Jehoshaphat = "Jehovah judges"
1) one of David's mighty warriors
2) a priest and trumpeter in the time of David
יוֹשָׁפָט (yo.sha.phat) — Joshaphat.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.15.24
§ Joshaphat or Jehoshaphat = "Jehovah judges"
1) one of David's mighty warriors
2) a priest and trumpeter in the time of David
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
(whom Jehovah judges), the Mithnite, one of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:43)
→ One of David's valiant men 1Ch 11:43
מִתְנִי (Mithniy) refers to a Mithnite, an inhabitant of Methen, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 11:43. The word is likely derived from a noun meaning slenderness, but its exact derivation is unknown. It describes someone associated with the character Joshaphat, a member of David's guard.
מִתְנִי adj.gent. (deriv. unknown);—only 1 Ch 11:43.
ref
H4981 מִתְנִי
4981 Mithniy mith-nee'
probably patrial from an unused noun meaning slenderness; a
Mithnite, or inhabitant of Methen:--Mithnite.
מִתְנִי (mit.ni) — Mithnite.
Someone descended from Mithn(?), only mentioned at 1Ch.11.43
§ Mithnite = "athlete"
1) unknown derivation
1a) used in description of Joshaphat, one of David's guards
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
mith'-nit (ha-mithni): Designation of Jehoshaphat, one of David's officers (1Ch 11:43).
loin; gift; hope