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2 Chronicles 28:14 — Word Study

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WLCוַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הֶֽחָל֗וּץ אֶת־ הַשִּׁבְיָה֙ וְאֶת־ הַבִּזָּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְכָל־ הַקָּהָֽל׃

BSASo the armed menchâlats [equipped for war, warriors] leftʻâzab the captivesshibyâh [prisoners, those held in bondage] and the plunderbizzâh [spoils, booty] beforepânîym the leaderssar [rulers, princes] and allkôl [everything, the entire assembly] the assemblyqâhâl [congregation, gathering]

Word
Listen & take away2 Chronicles 28
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 14 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.ka.Hal) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
2 Chronicles 28:14quick helps
In a sentenceThe armed men left the captives and the plunder for the leaders and the whole assembly.
Who is speakingThe armed men, acting under orders.
Where we areIn the aftermath of a conflict, as the captives are dealt with.
The hard wordעָזַב
Take awayThe captives and spoils are left behind for the leaders to manage.
4 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause verbעָזַב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 2 Chronicles 28:14

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Aftermath of Conflictgenerated

13“You must not bring the captives here,” they said, “for you are proposing to bring guilt upon us from the LORD and to add to our sins and our guilt. For our guilt is great, and fierce anger is upon Israel.”
14So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the leaders and all the assembly.
15Then the men who were designated by name arose, took charge of the captives, and provided from the plunder clothing for the naked. They clothed them, gave them sandals and food and drink, anointed their wounds, and put all the feeble on donkeys. So they brought them to Jericho, the City of Palms, to their brothers. Then they returned to Samaria.
16At that time King Ahaz sent for help from the king of Assyria.

2 Chronicles 28:14 describes a moment when armed men, after a battle, chose to leave behind captives and plunder for the leaders and the entire assembly. This decision reflects the gravity of their actions and the need for leadership in the aftermath. The following verses show how the captives were treated compassionately, emphasizing the importance of care and responsibility even in times of conflict.


Cross References


The Key Word עָזַב, vai.ya.'a.Zogenerated

The verb עָזַב (azav) means to leave or forsake, indicating an action of relinquishing or abandoning something. In this context, it shows the armed men deliberately leaving the captives and plunder behind, which implies a significant decision in the wake of battle.

This verb is in the sequential imperfect tense, indicating an ongoing action in the past. It highlights the moment of choice made by the armed men, emphasizing the importance of their decision to leave these items for the leaders.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations agree on the main actions: the armed men left the captives and plunder.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the sentence is וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב (vai.ya.'a.Zo), meaning 'and he left.' This verb governs the action of the sentence, with multiple noun phrases serving as its objects: the captives and the plunder.

The structure of the sentence emphasizes the action of leaving and the items left behind, creating a clear picture of the aftermath of the conflict.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates עָזַב as ἀφῆκαν, which means 'they left.' This choice reflects a straightforward rendering of the Hebrew verb, maintaining the sense of abandonment or relinquishment.

The choice of πολεμισταὶ for 'armed men' indicates a focus on the warriors themselves, aligning closely with the Hebrew context of those equipped for battle.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

2 Chronicles 28:14 tells us that after a battle, the armed men left behind the captives and the spoils for the leaders and the entire assembly. This action reflects a decision made in the aftermath, showing responsibility for those captured and the goods taken.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the armed men left the captives?

It indicates a decision to not take the captives with them, perhaps to avoid further guilt or to allow the leaders to handle the situation.

Why is the term 'plunder' significant?

Plunder refers to the spoils taken from battle, highlighting the consequences of conflict and the resources available for the victors.

What can we learn from the leaders' role in this verse?

The leaders are given the responsibility to manage the captives and the plunder, emphasizing the importance of leadership and care in difficult situations.

How does this verse connect to the following verses?

The subsequent verses show how the captives were treated with compassion, illustrating the need for mercy and care even after conflict.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What responsibilities do leaders have in times of conflict?
  2. How can we show compassion to those who are vulnerable, like the captives in this verse?
  3. What does this passage teach about the consequences of war and conflict?
  4. In what ways can we prepare ourselves to act responsibly in difficult situations?

Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 2 Chronicles 28:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and the congregation.

Read John Gill on 2 Chronicles 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded: and he went out before the host that came to Samaria, and said unto them, Behold, because the LORD God of your fathers was wroth with Judah,

Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Chronicles 28 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

2 Chronicles 28:14 So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.Ver. 14. So the armed men left the captives.] See here what a few may do against a multitude, in a good cause, if they set to work in good earnest. See John 7:45.

Read John Trapp on 2 Chronicles 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(14) Armed men.—See 2 Chronicles 17:18. The princes, “the heads” of 2 Chronicles 28:12. The congregation.—The assembly of the citizens at the gate of Samaria.

Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Chronicles 28 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the leaders and all the assembly.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the princes and all the assembly.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

So the armed men left the captives and the plunder before the leaders and all the assembly.

NETBNew English Translation2006

So the soldiers released the captives and the plunder before the officials and the entire assembly.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the assembly.

RVARevised Version, American1894

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

So the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

So the armie left the captiues and the spoyle before the princes and all the Congregation.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Then the armed men left the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the congregation.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And the armed men leave the captives and the prey before the heads and all the assembly;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And the armed men leave the captives and the prey before the heads and all the assembly;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

So the armed men abandoned the captives and the spoil before the princes and all the assembly.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So the armed men left the prisoners and the plunder before the leaders and all the assembly.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

So the soldiers left the spoils, and all that they had taken, before the princes and all the multitude.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

So the armed men left the prisoners and the plunder before the leaders and all the people gathered there.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

So the armed men gave up the prisoners and the goods they had taken to the heads and the meeting of the people.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיַּעֲזֹ֣בhe.leftnoun phrase · subjectהֶֽthe.[man]חָל֗וּץequippednoun phrase · objectnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַtheשִּׁבְיָה֙captive[s]וְandnoun phraseאֶת(et)noun phraseהַtheבִּזָּ֔הplunderprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִbeforenoun phraseפְנֵ֥יpresencenoun phrasenoun phraseהַtheשָּׂרִ֖יםcommandersוְandnoun phraseכָלallnoun phraseהַtheקָּהָֽלassembly

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with 9 of the 10 words matched in meaning. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the essential elements of the verse are preserved.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הֶֽחָל֗וּץ אֶת־ הַשִּׁבְיָה֙ וְאֶת־ הַבִּזָּ֔ה לִפְנֵ֥י הַשָּׂרִ֖ים וְכָל־ הַקָּהָֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיַּעֲזֹ֣בἀφῆκανהֶֽחָל֗וּץπολεμισταὶהַשִּׁבְיָה֙αἰξμαλωσίανוְאֶת־καὶהַבִּזָּ֔הσκῦλαלִפְנֵ֥יἐναντίονהַשָּׂרִ֖יםἀρξόντωνוְכָל־πάσηςהַקָּהָֽל׃ἐκκλησίας

9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

2 Chronicles 28:14עָזַבand he leftand he leftעָזַבחָלַץthe [man] ethe [man] equipחָלַץאֵתthe object the object markאֵתשִׁבְיָהthe group othe group of caשִׁבְיָהאֵתand the objand the object אֵתבִּזָּהthe plunderthe plunderבִּזָּהפָּנֶהbeforebeforeפָּנֶהשַׂרthe commandthe commandersשַׂרכֹּלand alland allכֹּלקָהָלthe assemblthe assemblyקָהָלאוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהשָׂרַרto ruleto ruleשָׂרַרכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלקָהַלto gatherto gatherקָהַלשְׁבִיcaptivitycaptivityשְׁבִיבַּזplunderplunderבַּזנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסמִגְרָשׁpasturepastureמִגְרָשׁנַ֫עַלsandalsandalנַ֫עַלבַּצָּרָהdearthdearthבַּצָּרָהבִּזָּהplunderplunderבִּזָּהשָׁבָהto take cato take captiveשָׁבָהשִׁבְיָהcaptivecaptiveשִׁבְיָהחֶ֫רֶבswordswordחֶ֫רֶבסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרחֲמִשִּׁיםfiftyfiftyחֲמִשִּׁיםעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 2 Chronicles 28:14

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
וַיַּעֲזֹ֣בvai.ya.'a.Zo and he left H5800 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
215× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Forsaken means to loosen or relinquish something, often implying abandonment. In the Bible, the word appears in Psalm 22:1, where David cries out to God, saying my God, why have you forsaken me. The term signifies a sense of desperation and isolation.
Tyndale gloss
Forsaken
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָזַב (azab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to leave, forsake, or let loose. It encompasses a range of actions from abandoning or neglecting to setting free. The entries suggest it can also imply restoration or repair, though this aspect is less emphasized. Notably, the term can describe both active and passive states, such as being forsaken or deserted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָזַב 213 vb. leave, forsake, loose

Qal

leave, c. acc.

leave, abandon, forsake

let loose, set free, let go

Niph.

be left to

be forsaken, of house of God

Pu. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city

base

[עָזַב] vb. restore, repair (?);—Qal Ne 3:8

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5800a עָזַב leave, forsake, loose .. leave, c. acc.

. leave, abandon, forsake

. let loose, set free, let go

. . be left to

. be forsaken, of house of God

. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city

H5800b עָזַב restore, repair(?)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5800 `azab aw-zab'

a primitive root; to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit,

etc.:--commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave

(destitute, off), refuse, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: forsake.

1) to leave, loose, forsake

1a) (Qal) to leave

1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone

1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise

1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be left to

1b2) to be forsaken

1c) (Pual) to be deserted

עָזַב (a.zav) — to restore.

1) to restore, repair

1a) (Qal) to repair

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: release.

1) to leave, loose, forsake

1a) (Qal) to leave

1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone

1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise

1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be left to

1b2) to be forsaken

1c) (Pual) to be deserted

עָזַב (a.zav) — Forsaken.

This name means to restore, repair

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: neglect.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

left (sama'l, "to go to the left," "to turn to the left," semo'l, "the left hand," sema'li, "belonging to the left," "situated on the left"; aristeros, and euphemistically euonumos, literally, "having a good name," "of good omen"): The words are chiefly used in orientation with or without the addition of the word "hand." So Abraham says to Lot: "If thou wilt take the left hand (semo'l), then I will go to the right; or if thou take the right hand, then I will go to the left (sama'l)" (Ge 13:9). Frequently in Hebrew idiom the right hand and the left are mentioned together in order to express the idea "everywhere," "anywhere," "altogether" (Ge 24:49; Ex 14:22,29; Nu 22:26

and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
הֶֽחָל֗וּץhe.cha.Lutz the [man] equipped H2502 Particle · verb qal participle (passive) masculine singular
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To arm or equip for war is the meaning of this verb, used to describe preparing for battle. It is translated as arm, deliver, or strengthen in the KJV Bible.
Amplified meaning
equipped for war, warriors
Tyndale gloss
to rescue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָלַץ (chalats) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses a range of meanings related to drawing out or withdrawing, as well as rescuing or delivering. It can also imply equipping for war or strengthening. The entries indicate that it can be used in various forms, including to arm oneself or to be delivered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָלַץ vb. draw off or out, withdraw

Qal

draw, draw off

intrans. withdraw

Niph. be delivered

Pi.

pull out, tear out

rescue, deliver

base

[חָלַץ] vb. equip for war

Qal only Pt. pass.—equipped

as adj.

as subst. sg. coll.

Niph. be or go equipped

Hiph. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2502a חָלַץ draw off or out, withdraw .. draw, draw off

. intrans. withdraw

. be delivered

. . pull out, tear out

. rescue, deliver

H2502b חָלַץ equip for war .only Pt. pass.—equipped . as adj.

. as subst. sq. coll.

. be or go equipped

. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2502 chalats khaw-lats'

a primitive root; to pull off; hence (intensively) to strip,

(reflex.) to depart; by implication, to deliver, equip (for

fight); present, strengthen:--arm (self), (go, ready) armed (X

man, soldier), deliver, draw out, make fat, loose, (ready)

prepared, put off, take away, withdraw self.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to rescue.

1) to draw off or out, withdraw

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to draw, draw off

1a2) to withdraw

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be delivered

1b2) to be saved

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to pull out, tear out

1c2) to rescue, deliver, set free

1c3) to take away, plunder

חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to arm.

1) to equip (for war), arm for war, rescue, be rescued

1a) (Qal) equipped (participle)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be equipped

1b2) to go equipped

1b3) to be armed

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make strong, brace up

1c2) to invigorate

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Qal-Inf-c — Particle · verb qal participle (passive) masculine singular
HTd/Vqsmsa
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
הַשִּׁבְיָה֙ha.shiv.Yah the group of captives H7633 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shibyah refers to a state of captivity or being held prisoner. In the Bible, it describes the Israelites' experience of being exiled and held captive by other nations.
Amplified meaning
prisoners, those held in bondage
Tyndale gloss
captive
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שִׁבְיָה (shibyah) refers to captivity or captives, encompassing both the state of being in captivity and the individuals who are captured. It is a feminine noun derived from another Hebrew root, indicating both abstract and concrete concepts of exile and captivity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׁבְיָה n.f. captivity, captives (coll.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7633 שִׁבְיָה captivity, captives (coll.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7633 shibyah shib-yaw'

feminine of 7628; exile (abstractly or concretely and

collectively):--captives(-ity).

see HEBREW for 07628

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁבְיָה (shiv.yah) — captive.

1) captivity, captives

1a) (state of) captivity

1b) captives

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Taken in war, seem anciently to have been looked upon as justly liable to death, and hence to any treatment less dreadful than death. Their necks were trodden upon, Jos 10:24, in token of abject subjection, which illustrates Ps 110:1. They were sold into servitude, like Joseph. They were mutilated, like Samson, or Adonizedek. They were stripped of all clothing, and driven in crowds to adorn the victor’s triumph. Large numbers of them were selected, often by a measuring line, 2Sa 8:2, and slain, 2Ch 25:12. This was sometimes done with designed cruelty, 2Sa 12:31 1Ch…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
וְאֶת־ve.'Et and the object marker H853 Conjunction · particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/To — Conjunction · particle
HC/To
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
הַבִּזָּ֔הha.bi.Zah the plunder H961 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means to take something by force, like plunder or booty, often referring to war spoils. It appears in Exodus and Isaiah, describing the aftermath of battles. The KJV translates it as prey or spoil.
Amplified meaning
spoils, booty
Tyndale gloss
plunder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בִּזָּה (bizzah) is a feminine noun meaning spoil or booty, often associated with plunder. It is derived from another Hebrew word, בָּזָה (bāzāh), which relates to the concept of taking or seizing. The term appears in contexts referring to prey or spoils of war.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בִּזָּה n.f. spoil, booty (late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H961 בִּזָּה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

961 bizzah biz-zaw'

feminine of 957; booty:--prey, spoil.

see HEBREW for 0957

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בִּזָּה (biz.zah) — plunder.

spoil, booty

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
לִפְנֵ֥יlif.Nei before H6440 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
HR/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
הַשָּׂרִ֖יםha.sa.Rim the commanders H8269 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
421× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A leader or person in charge, like a prince or captain, as seen in the Bible with King David and other rulers.
Amplified meaning
rulers, princes
Tyndale gloss
ruler
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׂר (sar) refers to a leader or ruler, encompassing a range of meanings from prince and chief to official and captain. It denotes various ranks, including military commanders and religious leaders, and can also imply a noble or merchant of high status. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to rule'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׂר 420 n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8269 שַׂר chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8269 sar sar

from 8323; a head person (of any rank or class):--captain

(that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper,

lord, ((-task- ))master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.

see HEBREW for 08323

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׂר (sar) — ruler.

1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain

1a) chieftain, leader

1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)

1c) captain, general, commander (military)

1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)

1e) heads, princes (of religious office)

1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)

1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)

1h) patron-angel

1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)

1j) warden

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
וְכָל־ve.khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
everything, the entire assembly
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he left the [man] equipped the object marker the group of captives and the object marker the plunder before the commanders and all the assembly
הַקָּהָֽל׃ha.ka.Hal the assembly H6951 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
123× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A group of people gathered together, like the congregation in Solomon's temple or a crowd in the streets of Jerusalem.
Amplified meaning
congregation, gathering
Tyndale gloss
assembly
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָהָל (qahal) refers to an assembly or congregation, often used in contexts like religious gatherings or groups formed for specific purposes, including war or counsel. It is derived from a root meaning to assemble. The term encompasses various forms of organized groups, including returning exiles.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָהָל 123 n.m. assembly, convocation, congregation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6951 קָהָל assembly, convocation, congregation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6951 qahal kaw-hawl'

from 6950; assemblage (usually concretely):--assembly,

company, congregation, multitude.

see HEBREW for 06950

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָהָל (qa.hal) — assembly.

1) assembly, company, congregation, convocation

1a) assembly

1a1) for evil counsel, war or invasion, religious purposes

1b) company (of returning exiles)

1c) congregation

1c1) as organised body

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-sem'-bli (qahal; ekklesia): The common term for a meeting of the people called together by a crier. It has reference therefore to any gathering of the people called for any purpose whatsoever (Ex 12:6; Ps 22:16 the King James Version; Ps 89:7 the King James Version; Ac 19:32,41). The solemn assemblies of the Jews were their feasts or religious gatherings of any kind (Isa 1:13). The word paneguris, "a general festal assembly" (Heb 12:23), is transferred from the congregation of the people of Israel to the Christian church of which the congregation of Israel was a…

Thompson Chain Reference topics

the meeting of the early Christians, so called

Mt 18:20; Joh 20:19; Ac 1:4,14; 2:1; 4:31; 16:13; 20:7; 1Co 11:33

--SEE United Prayer, PRAYER

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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