Acts 23:26 — Word Study
N1904Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
BSAClaudiusKlaudios LysiasLusias To theho most excellentkratistos [most noble, excellent] governorhēgemōn [ruler, leader] FelixPhēlix [meaning happy or lucky] Greeting.chairō▸ [to rejoice, wishing happiness]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| Κλαύδιος | Claudius | Noun, nominative, singular |
| Λυσίας | Lysias | Noun, nominative, singular |
| τῷ | To the | Article, dative, singular |
| κρατίστῳ | most excellent | Adjective, dative, singular |
| ἡγεμόνι | governor | Noun, dative, singular |
| Φήλικι | Felix | Noun, dative, singular |
| χαίρειν. | Greeting. | Verb, present, active |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings. |
| KJV | Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting. |
| ASV | Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix, greeting. |
| YLT | 'Claudius Lysias, to the most noble governor Felix, hail: |
| WEB | “Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix: Greetings. |
| BBE | Claudius Lysias, to the most noble ruler, Felix, peace be with you. |
Where they part company is κρατίστῳ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by a greeting phrase, reflecting the structure of a formal letter.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectΚλαύδιος
verbχαίρω
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the New Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — ὁ, the commonest word in the Greek New Testament, stands 19,867 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Acts 23:26
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Letter from Claudius Lysiasgenerated
Acts 23:26 contains a letter written by Claudius Lysias to Governor Felix. In this letter, Lysias explains the circumstances surrounding Paul’s arrest and his Roman citizenship. The letter serves to clarify the situation to Felix, who is in a position of authority over Judea. This formal communication reflects the customs of Roman governance and the respect afforded to officials.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acts 24:3 | In every way and everywhere, most excellent Felix, we acknowledge this with all gratitude. |
| 2 | Acts 26:25 | But Paul answered, “I am not insane, most excellent Festus; I am speaking words of truth and sobriety. |
| 3 | Luke 1:3 | Therefore, having carefully investigated everything from the beginning, it seemed good also to me to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus, |
| 4 | Acts 15:23 | and sent them with this letter: The apostles and the elders, your brothers, To the brothers among the Gentiles in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia: Greetings. |
| 5 | James 1:1 | James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, To the twelve tribes of the Dispersion: Greetings. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — κράτιστος, kratistosgenerated
The word κρατίστῳ is an adjective in the dative case, singular, masculine, meaning 'most excellent' or 'most noble.' It is used as a title of respect for someone of high rank, such as a governor.
This term appears in contexts where respect is necessary, indicating the social hierarchy of the time. In this case, it emphasizes the authority of Felix as a Roman governor.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The BSB translates the phrase as To His Excellency, Governor Felix, which is echoed in the KJV with the most excellent governor Felix and the ASV with the most excellent governor Felix.
The translations differ in how they render κρατίστῳ: the KJV and ASV use most excellent, while the BBE opts for most noble. The word χαίρειν is translated as greeting in many versions, but the YLT uses hail.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the sentence is χαίρειν, meaning greeting, which governs the entire clause. The structure includes a noun phrase for the subject, another for the indirect object (the recipient of the greeting), and a noun phrase for the governor's title.
The sentence is formal and structured, typical of a letter, with the subject being Claudius Lysias and the recipient being Felix, the governor.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In Acts 23:26, the term ἡγεμόνι (hēgemōn), meaning 'governor', is used to address Felix. This word appears in the Septuagint in a few contexts, primarily rendering the Hebrew word אַלּוּף (aluf), which can mean 'chief' or 'chiliarch'. The choice of ἡγεμόνι here emphasizes the authority and official status of Felix as a Roman governor.
The greeting χαίρειν (chairō) translates to 'Greetings' and is derived from the Hebrew word שָׂמַח (sāmaḥ), meaning 'to rejoice'. This conveys a formal yet cordial tone in the communication, reflecting the customary way of addressing someone of high rank in the Hellenistic context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Acts 23:26 shows Claudius Lysias writing to Governor Felix, addressing him with respect and wishing him well. This letter is part of a formal communication regarding Paul’s situation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Claudius Lysias was a Roman military tribune who played a significant role in the events surrounding Paul’s arrest and defense.
The title 'most excellent' indicates a high rank and respect for Felix as a governor in the Roman administration.
This letter is important because it provides insight into the Roman legal system and the treatment of Paul as a Roman citizen.
Lysias's formal address shows the customs of respect and hierarchy in Roman society, which is significant for understanding the culture of the time.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the formal greeting in this letter reveal about Roman customs?
- How does understanding the title 'most excellent' help us grasp the relationship between Lysias and Felix?
- In what ways does this letter reflect the political and social dynamics of the time?
- How can we apply the principles of respect and formality seen in this letter to our own communications?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Acts 23:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleClaudius Lysias, unto the most excellent Governor Felix,.... This is the inscription of the letter, and by it we learn the name of the chief captain, so often spoken of in this and the two preceding
Read John Gill on Acts 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryClaudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting. Claudius Lysias - the former was the Roman name he would take on purchasing his citizenship, the latter his Greek family name,
Read Robert Jamieson on Acts 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMost excellent; a title given to persons of great eminency, as, , it is given to Theophilus, unto whom also this book of the Acts is inscribed, . This Felix was brother to one Pallas, who together with Narcissus (the other of the emperor Claudius’ s favourites) managed all public affairs, and are by the historians branded for all the mischiefs of that calamitous time. This Felix and his brother Pallas were born slaves, and manumitted by Claudius, and were such as are exalted; as often Providence will show the power it hath in pulling down and setting up whom it pleaseth.
Read Matthew Poole on Acts 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments26 Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting. Ver. 26. Unto the most excellent] Felix was (as likewise Haman) of base birth, but highly advanced in court by means of his brother Pallas, a great favourite of Nero’ s, insomuch as he became husband to three queens successively, as Suetonius writeth. He cruelly killed Jonathan the Jewish priest, and committed many other outrages in this province; so that being complained about at Rome, he had been put to death, but for the greatness of his brother, who begged his pardon. (Josephus.)
Read John Trapp on Acts 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(26) Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix.—The letter may have been sent unsealed, or a copy of it may have been given to St. Paul or St. Luke after his arrival. What we have obviously purports to be a verbal reproduction of it. We note (1) that the epithet “most excellent” is that which St. Luke uses of Theophilus, to whom he dedicates both the Gospel and the Acts (Luke 1:3; Acts 1:1), and (2) that the formal salutation, “greeting,” is the same as that used in the letter of the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:23) and in the Epistle of St. James (James 1:1).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Acts 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges26–30. Letter of Claudius Lysias to Felix26. the most excellent governor] The title “most excellent” is that which is given by St Luke at the beginning of his Gospel to the Theophilus for whom he wrote it. Hence it is probable that Theophilus held some official position, it may be under the Romans in Macedonia, where St Luke remained for some time and where he may probably have written his gospel.sendeth greeting] The Rev. Ver. omits the first word. The original has only the infinitive “to rejoice” which is of course governed by some word indicating a wish, i.e. = “biddeth to rejoice,” “wisheth joy.”
Read Cambridge on Acts 23 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleUnto the most excellent governor Felix - The most honored, etc. This was a mere title of office. Greeting - A term of salutation in an epistle wishing health, joy, and prosperity.
Read Albert Barnes on Acts 23 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible26. Claudius Lysias—The name Lysias, which is here first given, intimates that he was a Greek; the name Claudius is Latin, assumed, perhaps, after he had bought his Roman citizenship “for a great
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Acts 23 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings.
“Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix: Greetings.
Claudius Lysias, To His Excellency, Governor Felix: Greetings.
Claudius Lysias to His Excellency Governor Felix, greetings.
Tyndale line
Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting.
Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix, greeting.
Claudius Lysias unto the most excellent governor Felix, greeting.
Claudius Lysias, to the most excellent governor Felix, sendeth greeting.
Claudius Lysias vnto the most noble Gouernour Felix sendeth greeting.
Strictly literal
Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix, greeting.
'Claudius Lysias, to the most noble governor Felix, hail:
“Claudius Lysias, to the most noble governor Felix, greetings:
“Claudius Lysias to the most excellent Governor Felix, greetings.
From the Latin
Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor, Felix, greeting.
Simplified
“From Claudius Lysias to His Excellency Governor Felix, greetings!
Claudius Lysias, to the most noble ruler, Felix, peace be with you.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the Nestle 1904 treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The earliest translations — Latin and Syriac
Every translation is an argument about meaning made by someone who had to commit to one. These two were made while the Greek was still a living language, and they are the oldest opinions we have about what this verse says.
Scribens epistolam continentem hæc : Claudius Lysias optimo præsidi Felici, salutem.
Jerome revised the Old Latin against the Greek from AD 382; the Latin west read this text for a thousand years.
ܠܘܣܝܘܣ ܠܦܝܠܟܣ ܗܓܡܘܢܐ ܢܨܝܚܐ ܫܠܡ
The Bible of the Syriac-speaking church, in the language nearest to the Aramaic Jesus spoke.
Shown verse by verse rather than word by word: aligning a Greek word to its Latin or Syriac counterpart automatically would be guesswork, and a wrong alignment is worse than none.
The Greek editions compared — what the manuscripts actually say
Eight printed editions of the Greek New Testament, side by side. Where they agree the wording is settled; where a word is missing from an edition it is marked, so you can see the difference rather than take it on trust.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The standard critical text of the New Testament.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The previous edition, still widely cited.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The Society of Biblical Literature edition, freely licensed.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The edition that turned scholarship toward the earliest manuscripts.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
An independent critical text built from the oldest witnesses then known.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
A recent critical edition following documentary evidence closely.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The reading of the majority of surviving manuscripts.
Κλαύδιος Λυσίας τῷ κρατίστῳ ἡγεμόνι Φήλικι χαίρειν.
The printed tradition behind the King James Version.
A witness that read differently would show its variant word here, marked.
Word by word, across the editions
Every edition agrees. All 8 printed editions — Nestle-Aland 28, Nestle-Aland 27, SBLGNT, Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, Tyndale House 2017, Textus Receptus (KJV), Byzantine majority — carry every word of this verse, in the same order, with no difference that any translator would render differently.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Greek New Testament — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Acts 23:26
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Greek lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. Imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, the full Liddell-Scott-Jones, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate LSJ, Robinson and Packard on the Greek, Webster and Cawdrey on the English the translators were using. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
Κλαύδιος is the Greek name for Claudius, referring primarily to the fourth Roman Emperor, Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, who ruled from A.D. 41 to 54. It also denotes Claudius Lysias, a military tribune mentioned in Acts 23:26. The entries consistently highlight these two figures without significant disagreement.
Κλαύδιος, -ov, ὁ, Claudius. 1. Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, the Roman emperor, who came into power A.D. 41, and was poisoned by his wife Agrippina in the year 54: Acts xi. 28; xviii. 2. 2. Claudius Lysias, a Roman military tribune: Acts xxiii. 26 [see B. D. Am. ed. s. v. Lysias].
Κλαύδιος
Klaudios
of Latin origin; Claudius, the name of two Romans:--Claudius.
Κλαύδιος, ου, ὁ
n.m.
Claudius
Κλαύδιος Klaudios 3x
Claudius, pr. name (1) The fourth Roman Emperor, Acts 11:28; 18:2. (2) Claudius Lysias, a Roman captain, Acts 23:26*
Noun-NSM — Noun · nominative · singular · masculinenominative — the one doing it — the subject.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-NSM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Nominative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
klo'-di-us (Klaudios): Fourth Roman emperor. He reigned for over 13 years (41-54 AD), having succeeded Caius (Caligula) who had seriously altered the conciliatory policy of his predecessors regarding the Jews and, considering himself a real and corporeal god, had deeply offended the Jews by ordering a statue of himself to be placed in the temple of Jerusalem, as Antiochus Epiphanes had done with the statue of Zeus in the days of the Maccabees (2 Macc 6:2). Claudius reverted to the policy of Augustus and Tiberius and marked the opening year of his reign by issuing edicts in favor of the Jews (Ant., XIX, 5), who were permitted in all parts of the empire to observe their laws and customs in a free and peaceable manner, special consideration being given to the Jews of Alexandria who were to enjoy without molestation all their ancient rights and privileges. The Jews of Rome, however, who had…
Claudius
Lame. (1.) The fourth Roman emperor. He succeeded Caligula (A.D. 41). Though in general he treated the Jews, especially those in Asia and Egypt, with great indulgence, yet about the middle of his reign (A.D. 49) he banished them all from Rome (Acts 18:2). In this edict the Christians were included, as being, as was supposed, a sect of Jews. The Jews, however soon again returned to Rome.
During the reign of this emperor, several persecutions of the Christians by the Jews took place in the dominions of Herod Agrippa, in one of which the apostle James was “killed” (12:2). He died A.D. 54.
(2.) Claudius Lysias, a Greek who, having obtained by purchase the privilege of Roman citizenship, took the name of Claudius (Acts 21:31-40; 22:28; 23:26).
(lame), fourth Roman emperor, reigned from 41 to 54 A.D. He was nominated to the supreme power mainly through the influence of Herod Agrippa the First. In the reign of Claudius there were several famines, arising from unfavorable harvests, and one such occurred in Palestine and Syria. (Acts 11:28-30) Claudius was induced by a tumult of the Jews in Rome to expel them from the city. cf. (Acts 18:2) The date of this event is uncertain. After a weak and foolish reign he was poisoned by his fourth wife, Agrippina, the mother of Nero, October 13, A.D. 54.
→ Emperor of Rome Ac 11:28; 18:2
3 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 3 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
ἀλλ’ οἱ μὲν καλῶν πράξεων καλοὶ σύμβουλοι μικρὸν ὕστερον τὰ ἐπίχειρα εὗρον τῆς ἀσεβείας, ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ Γαΐου σιδήρῳ δεθεὶς ἐφ’ ἑτέραις αἰτίαις καὶ στρεβλούμενος καὶ τροχιζόμενος ἐκ περιτροπῆς, ὥσπερ ἐν ταῖς περιοδιζούσαις νόσοις, ὁ δὲ Ἑλικὼν ὑπὸ…
οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου μικρὸν ἔμπροσθεν Κλαυδίου Ῥωμαίων ἄρχοντος Ἰσμαήλου δὲ παρʼ ἡμῖν ἀρχιερέως ὄντος, καὶ λιμοῦ τὴν χώραν ἡμῶν καταλαβόντος, ὡς τεσσάρων δραχμῶν πωλεῖσθαι τὸν ἀσσάρωνα,
Τοὺς δὲ ἀπεσταλμένους ἀφ̓ ἡμῶν Κλαύδιον Ἔφηβον καὶ Οὐαλέριον Βίτωνα σὺν καὶ Φορτουνάτῳ ἐν εἰρήνῃ μετὰ χαρᾶς ἐν τάχει ἀναπέμψατε πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ὅπως θᾶττον τὴν εὐκταίαν καὶ ἐπιποθήτην ἡμῖν εἰρήνην καὶ ὁμόνοιαν ἀπαγγέλλωσιν, εἰς τὸ τάχιον καὶ ἡμᾶς χαρῆναι…
ἔτους πέμπτου Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος. ἠργάσατο ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ Πολέμωνος ἐφ’ ἡμέρας πέντε ὑπὲρ χωματικῶν
Ἡρακλείδης Ἡραίδι χαίρειν. ἀπέχω παρὰ σοῦ τὰ ἐκφόρια τοῦ τρισκαιδεκάτου ἔτους Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος πυροῦ ἀρτάβας εἴκοσι τέσσαρας τρίτον. ἔτους τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτου Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος
ἔτους τρίτου Νέρωνος Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ Γερμανικοῦ Αὐτοκράτορος μηνὸς Νερωνείου Σεβαστοῦ τρίτῃ καὶ εἰκάδι ἐν Ἡρακλείᾳ τῆς Θεμίστου
The Greek word Λυσίας (transliterated as Lysias) refers to a Roman figure named Claudius Lysias, mentioned in the New Testament, specifically in Acts 23:26 and 24:7, 22. The entries indicate that the name's origin is uncertain, and it is consistently identified as a proper name across the lexicons.
Λυσίας, -ου, ὁ,
Lysias (Claudius L., Ac 23:26), Ac 24:[7], 22.†
Λυσίας
Lusias
of uncertain affinity; Lysias, a Roman:--Lysias.
Λυσίας, ου, ὁ
n.m.
Claudius Lysias
Λυσίας Lysias 2x
Lysias, pr. name, Acts 23:26; 24:7, 22*
Noun-NSM — Noun · nominative · singular · masculinenominative — the one doing it — the subject.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-NSM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Nominative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
lis'-i-as (Lusias):
(1) "A noble man, and one of the blood royal" whom Antiochus Epiphanes (circa 166 BC) left with the government of Southern Syria and the guardianship of his son, while he went in person into Persia to collect the revenues which were. not coming in satisfactorily (1 Macc 3:32; 2 Macc 10:11). According to Josephus (Ant., XII, vii, 2), the instructions of Lysias were' "to conquer Judea, enslave its inhabitants, utterly destroy Jerusalem and abolish the whole nation." Lysias, accordingly, armed against Judas Maccabeus a large force under Ptolemy, son of Dorymenes, Nicanor and Gorgias. Of this force Judas defeated the two divisions under Nicanor and Gorgias near Emmaus (166 BC), and in the following year Lysias himself at Bethsura (1 Macc 4), after which he proceeded to the purification of the temple. In the narration of these campaigns there are considerable differences…
(dissolving), a nobleman of the blood-royal, 1Macc 3:32; 2Macc 11:1, who was entrusted he Antiochus Epiphanes (cir. B.C. 166) with the government of southern Syria and the guardianship of his son Antiochus Eupator. 1Macc 3:32; 2Macc. 10:11. After the death of Antiochus Epiphanes, B.C. 184, Lysias assumed the government as guardian of his son, who was pet a child. 1Macc 6:17. In B.C. 164 he, together with his ward, fell into the hands of Demetrius Soter, who put them both to death. 1Macc 7:2-4; 2Macc 14:2.
Or Claudius Lysias, commander of the Roman guard at Jerusalem during Paul’s last visit there. In the honorable discharge of his duty, he repeatedly saved Paul from the malice of the Jews, Ac 21:27-40 22:1-23:35.
dissolving
3 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Ὁ δὲ Λυσίας ἐπιλεξάμενος Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Δορυμένους καὶ Νικάνορα καὶ Γοργίαν, ἄνδρας δυνατοὺς τῶν φίλων τῶν τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ παραδοὺς αὐτοῖς πεζῆς μὲν δυνάμεως μυριάδας τέσσαρας, ἱππεῖς δὲ ἑπτακισχιλίους, ἐξέπεμψεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν.
Λυσίας ὁ ἐξειληφὼς τὸ ἐπώνιον εἰς τὸ λβ ἔτος Χεσθώτηι χαίρειν. ἔχω τὸ γινόμενον τέλος
ταύτην εἶναι καὶ οὕτως κυρίαν· ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἀντισύνγραφον. μάρτυρες· … Σελεύκου, Διοκλῆς Δανύμου, Λυσίας Διοκλέους. ἐσφράγισμαι Ὄλυμπος ὁ ἐπάνω. … ἔτους πέμπτου τετρακοστοῦ τετρακοσιοστοῦ … … ἔτους πέμπτου
τοῦ Διοκλέους τοῦ Ἡλιοδώρου, βασιλέως δὲ Σελεύκου Νικάτορος Δανύμου τοῦ Σελεύκου τοῦ Δανύμου. ἀπέδοτο Λυσίας Λυσίου τοῦ Ἡλιοδώρου τοῦ Ἀριστονίκου, Εὐρωπαῖος, δοῦλον αὐτοῦ ᾧ ὄνομα Ἀχαβοῦς, ὡς ἐτῶν κ,
The definite article — the commonest word in the Greek New Testament at 19,867 occurrences. Greek uses it more freely than English does and can drop it deliberately, so its presence and its absence both carry weight for a translator; but no single occurrence carries a message of its own. Here it simply gathers “the things” into one definite bundle.
ὁ, ἡ, τό,
the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article.
As demonstr. pron.
As freq. in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Ac 17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus).
ὁ 435 ὁ tives of quantity, ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place. d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Ro. ix. 11; ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, Ro. xi. 27; 6 λόγος 6 τοῦ σταυροῦ, 1 Co. i. 18; ἡ εἰς Χριστὸν πίστις, Col. ii. 5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, 1 Th. i. 8; τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους, 2 Co. viii. 4; see many other exx. of each usage in W. 131 (124) sqq.; [B. 91 (80) sqq.]. e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (υὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows [W. § 18, 4; B. § 127, 29-31]; as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Jn. ix. 24 [οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρ. 1, Tr mrg. WH); Acts vi. 13; xxii. 26; ὁ λαὸς οὗτος, Mt. xv. 8; 6 vids σου οὗτος, Lk. xv. 30; plur. Lk. xxiv. 17, and numberless other exx.; οὗτος 6 ἄνθρωπος, Lk. xiv. 30; οὗτος ὁ…
Read the full entry →ὃ, ἡ τό. (1) Apart from connexion with μέν or δέ (see below) the demonstrative use of the art. in the NT is confined to a poetical quotation Ac 1778, but it is not uncommon in the papyri, e.g. P Par 45® (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski®, p. 85) τὰ (for ἃ) πράσεις (Δ πράσσεις), P Oxy VIII. 1160! (iii/iv A.D.) Ta (for ἃ) σεσύλληχα (for συνείληχα) δὲ κέρμα {ταν τηρῶ αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν δίκην, “1 am keeping for the trial the money that I have collected” (Ed.). For the distributive Opéev.. - 6 8€, as in 1 Cor7’, cf. P Lond 535 (B.c. 161) (=I. p. 19, U.P.Z. i. p. 239) kal τὰ μὲν ἡμῶν ἐληφότων εἰς τὴν γινομένην ἡμῖν συντάξειν, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι διὰ τὴν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων {(.. ... > παρελκομένων. (2) The use of the art. as a relative, of which there is no trace in the NT, may again be illustrated by the following papyrus citations from ¢c. A.D. 346—P Lond 414® (= II. Ῥ. 292) γεινῴσκιν oe θέλω περὶ τοῦ βρεουίου…
Read the full entry →ὁ (ho) — the/this/who.
ὁ,
ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,
__A demonstrative Pronoun.
__B in Attic dialect, definite or prepositive Article.
__C in Epic dialect, the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nominative masculine and feminine singular and plural, ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codices and most printed books, except when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, α; the nominative forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] in Aeolic dialect accusative to [Refs 8th c.BC+] genitive and dative dual τοῖιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]— In Doric dialect and all other dialects except Attic dialect and Ionic dialect the feminine forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Doric dialect etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶ; the genitive plural τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶ; the genitive…
ὁ ἡ τό
ho
he hay, and the neuter
to to
in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be
supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one,
he, she, it, etc.
ὁ, ἡ, τό
Article
the
ὁ ho 19x
the prepositive article, answering, to a considerable extent, to the English definite article; but, for the principle and facts of its usage, consult a grammar; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ, the one ... the other, Phil. 1:16, 17; Heb. 7:5, 6, 20, 21, 23, 24; pl. some ... others, Mt. 13:23; 22:5, 6; ὁ δέ, but he, Mt. 4:4; 12:48; οἱ δέ, but others, Mt. 28:17; used, in a poetic quotation, for a personal pronoun, Acts 17:28
ὁ the, that
ὁ, ἡ, τό, is
demonstr. Pronoun.
the definite Article.
in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ῀ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖσι, ταῖσι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν.
DEMONSTR. PRONOUN:
joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's famous son, Il.; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— that aged man, id. Il.; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, id. Il.
Art-DSM — Article · dative · singular · masculinedative — to, for, with — the one it is done to or by.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
T-DSM Part of Speech: definite arTicle Case: Dative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
20,685 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 83 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 19,783 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
40 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Τῶν ἄλλων νομοθετῶν οἱ μὲν ἀκαλλώπιστα καὶ γυμνὰ τὰ νομισθέντα παρ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δίκαια διετάξαντο, οἱ δὲ πολὺν ὄγκον τοῖς νοήμασι προσπεριβαλόντες ἐξετύφωσαν τὰ πλήθη μυθικοῖς πλάσμασι τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπικρύψαντες.
ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις καὶ διάταξις τῶν στοιχείων.
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
r βασιλεύοντος Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν Φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιε, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
ιζ Θῶυθ κη ἀπέδοτο Πετεσοῦχος Φίβιος καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τὸ ὕπαρχον αὐτοῖς ἥμισυ περιστερῶνος τοῦ ὄντος ἐν τῶι ἀπὸ βορρᾶ μέρει Παθύρεως χαλκοῦ Γ. ἐπρίατο Ὧρος Νεχούτου.
βασιλευόντων Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιϛ, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
κράτιστος (kratistos) is a superlative form meaning 'strongest' or 'most excellent.' It is often used as a title of respect, particularly in the New Testament, where it appears in contexts addressing individuals of high rank, such as in Luke 1:3 and Acts 23:26. The word is derived from κρατύς and encompasses meanings like 'mightiest' and 'noblest.' There is some discussion among lexicographers about whether its usage in Luke indicates a formal title or simply a courteous address.
κράτιστος, -7, -ov, superl. of the adj. κρατύς, (xpdros), [fr. (Hom.) Pind. down], mightiest, strongest, noblest, most illustrious, best, most excellent: voc. κράτιστε used in addressing men of conspicuous rank or office, Acts xxiii. 26; xxiv. 3; xxvi. 25, (Otto, De ep. ad Diognetum ete. Jena 1845, p. 79 sqq., and in his Epist. ad Diognet. Leips. ed. p. 53 sq., has brought together exx. fr. later writ.). Perhaps also it served simply to express friendship in Lk. i. 3 (as in Theophr. char. 5; Dion. Hal. de oratt. 1; Joseph. antt. 4, 6, 8), because in Acts i. 1 it is omitted in addressing the same person. Cf. Grimm in Jahrbb. f. deutsche Theol. for 1871, p.50 sq.
κράτιστος (egregius) is very common as an honorific title in addressing persons of exalted rank, much as we use ‘‘ Your Excellency,” e.g. P Fay 117° (A.D. 108)—a prefect, P Tebt II. 411° (ii/A.D.)—an epistrategus, P Oxy X. 12741° (iii/A.D.) —a procurator, a/. [By the end of the third century the title was applied to persons of less importance, e.g. a ducenarius in P Oxy XIV. 17114: see the editors’ note on 24. 16437.] This corresponds with the usage in Ac 23°8, 24%, 26°5, and possibly Lk 1°, though in this last case the word may be simply a form of courteous address. If, however, it is regarded here also as official, it is very unlikely that Theophilus was at the time a Christian, ‘‘since,” as Zahn (/n¢rod. iil. p. 42) has pointed out, ‘‘ there is no instance in the Christian literature of the first two centuries where a Christian uses a secular title in addressing another Christian, to…
Read the full entry →κράτιστος (kratistos) — excellent.
κρᾰτιστ-ος, η, ον,
Epic dialect κάρτ- (as always in [Refs 8th c.BC+], strongest, mightiest, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Λημνίων τὸ κ. the best of their men, [Refs] the strength or flower of.., [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; of things, καρτίστην.. μάχην fiercest fight, [Refs 8th c.BC+].
2. generally, best, most excellent, as superlative of ἀγαθός, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ κράτιστοι the aristocracy, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
2. b as a title or mode of address, [NT]; especially = Latin egregius, [Refs 1st c.AD+], of a woman of the equester ordo, [Refs] Latin clarissimus, of Senators, ὁ κ. ἀνθὐπατος [Refs 3rd c.AD+]
2. c with modal words added, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πάντων πάντα κ. best of all in.., [Refs 6th c.BC+]: with infinitive, best at doing, [Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.: with participle…
κράτιστος
kratistos
superlative of a derivative of 2904; strongest, i.e. (in dignity) very
honorable:--most excellent (noble).
see GREEK for 2904
κράτιστος, η, ον
Adj
most excellent
κράτιστος kratistos 4x
strongest; in NT κράτιστε, a term of respect, most excellent, noble, or illustrious, Lk. 1:3; Acts 23:26; 24:3; 26:25*
κράτιστος κρά^τιστος, η, ον a superl. formed from κρατύς κράτος strongest, mightiest, Il., etc.; Λημνίων τὸ κρ. the best of their men, Thuc.:—of things, καρτίστη μάχη the fiercest fight, Il.
generally, best, most excellent, as Sup. of ἀγαθός, Pind., Soph., etc.
οἱ κράτιστοι, like οἱ βέλτιστοι, of the aristocracy, Xen.
neut. pl. κράτιστα as adv., best, id. Xen. —The comp. in use is κρείσσων, q. v.
Adj-DSM-S — Adjective · dative · singular · masculinedative — to, for, with — the one it is done to or by.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-DSM-S Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Dative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine Degree: Superlative
ek'-se-lent 'addir, yattir (Aramaic); diaphoroteros, kratistos:
The translation of various Hebrew words, chiefly of 'addir, "great," "honorable" (Ps 8:1,9; 16:3; 76:4); yattir, "surpassing," is Aramaic, occurring in Da 2:31; 4:36; 5:12,14; 6:3. Other words are bachar, "to glow," "try," "choose" (So 5:15); ga'on, "mounting," "swelling" (Isa 4:2; see EXCELLENCY); gadhal, "to make or become great" (Isa 28:29), and other words occurring singly.
In the New Testament we have diaphoroteros, "greater," "better" (Heb 1:4; 8:6); kratistos, "most excellent," "most noble" (
4 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 4 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
οἱ μὲν οὖν μόνον τὸ καλὸν ἀγαθὸν εἰπόντες, ἀμιγῆ διαφυλάξαντες αὐτήν, ἀπένειμαν τῷ κρατίστῳ τῶν ἐν ἡμῖν, λογισμῷ, οἱ δὲ μίξαντες τρισὶν ἐφήρμοσαν, ψυχῇ, σώματι, τοῖς ἐκτός.
Ἀγρίππα τοῦ ἐμοῦ, ὃν ἐγὼ ἔθρεψα καὶ ἔχω σὺν ἐμαυτῷ εὐσεβέστατον ὄντα, προσαγαγόντος μοι τοὺς ὑμετέρους πρέσβεις εὐχαριστοῦντας ἐφʼ ᾗ πεποίημαι τοῦ ἔθνους ὑμῶν κηδεμονίᾳ, καὶ αἰτησαμένων σπουδαίως καὶ φιλοτίμως τὴν ἱερὰν ἐσθῆτα καὶ τὸν στέφανον ὑπὸ…
Νεμεσίωνι βασιλικῷ γραμματεῖ Ἀρσινοείτου Ἡρακλείδου μερίδος. ἀντίγραφον ἐπιστολῆς ἣν ἔγραψέ μοι Ἀπολλωνίδης ὁ κράτιστος ἀρχιπροφήτης ἀπέστειλά σοι. αἱ μὲν οὖν προσήκουσαι αὐτῷ τάξεις φυλαχθήτωσαν ὥσπερ οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ
Ἰουλίωι Οὐαριανῶι τῶι κρατίστῳ ἐπιστρατήγωι παρὰ Κρονίωνος Χεῶτος, ἀπὸ Τεβτύνεως Πολέμωνος μερίδος τοῦ Ἀρσινοείτου, θησαυροφύλακος τῆς αὐτῆς Τεβτύνεως.
Column 1 Ἰουλίωι Πετρωνιανῷ τῶι κρατίστῳ ἐπιστρατήγῳ παρὰ Παβοῦτος τοῦ Στοτοήτεως Πανομιέως ἱερέως ἀπὸ κώμης Σοκνοπαίου Νήσου τῆς Ἡρακλείδου μερίδος
The Greek word ἡγεμών (i.e., *hēgemōn*) means a leader or governor, often referring to a Roman provincial governor. It can denote various types of leaders, including commanders and guides. In the New Testament, it is used specifically for figures like Pilate, the governor of Judea (e.g., Mt 27:2). The lexicons show some variation in the nuances of its meaning, particularly regarding its application to different types of authority.
ἡγεμών, -όνος, ὁ
(ἡγέομαι),
[in LXX for אַלּוּף, שַׂר, etc.;]
a leader, guide.
a commander.
a governor of a province (proconsul, propraetor, legate, or procurator; but cf. ἀνθύπατος): Mt 10:18, Mk 13:9, Lk 21:12, I Pe 2:14; of the Procurator of Judæa, Mt 27:2, 11, 14, 15, 21, 27 28:14, Lk 20:20, Ac 23:24, 26, 33 24:1, 10 26:30.
For Heb. אַלְפֵי (LXX, χίλιαι) misread אַלֻּפֵי, leaders: Mt 2:6 (OT).†
ἡγεμών, -όνος, ὁ, (ἡγέομαι), in class. Grk. a word of very various signification: a leader of any kind, a guide, ruler, prefect, president, chief, general, commander, sovereign; in the N. T. spec. 1. a ‘legatus Caesaris,’ an officer administering a province in the name and with the authority of the Roman emperor; the governor of a province: Mt. x. 18; Mk. xiii. 9; Lk. xxi. 12; 1 Pet. ii. 14. 2. a procurator (Vulg. praeses; Luth. Landpfleger), an officer who was attached to a proconsul or a propraetor and had charge of the imperial revenues; in causes relating to these revenues he administered justice, (called ἐπίτροπος, διοικητής, in prof. auth.). In the smaller provinces also, which were so to speak appendages of the greater, he discharged the functions of governor of the province; and such was the relation of the procurator of Judwa to the governor of Syria (cf. Krebs, Observy. p. 61…
Read the full entry →ἡγεμών. The breadth of this word and its derivatives, which in a single verse (Lk 31) can be applied to the Emperor and to the chargé d’affaires of a tiny district like Judaea, is well seen in the papyri. Thus in P Lille I. 417 (B.c. 218-7) the editor notes that it means “‘ officier en général, et plus particuliérement, dans certains cas, officier d’infanterie.” He compares P Rev L***vii-3, where Dr. Grenfell points out that **the hegemones are thus subordinate to the strategi ; nevertheless the Romans chose this title as an equivalent for the praefectus.” See also the notes on P Tor I. 1+} (8.6. 117-6) and on OGZS 69%, and the Index to OG/S, where four different connotations are distinguished. The word is used in a general sense of the ‘‘ captain” of a chosen band of youths in P Amh II. 39! (B.c. 103) (= Witkowski?, p. 106) Πόρτεις ἡ[γ]εμὼν τῶν ἐν προχειρισμῶι. For its common use with…
Read the full entry →ἡγεμών (hēgemōn) — ruler.
ἡγεμών,
Doric dialect ἁγ-, Aeolic dialect ἀγίμων [Refs], όνος, ; also ἡ, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:— one who leads; and so,
I. in [Refs 8th c.BC+], guide, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of a charioteer, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.2. one who does a thing first, shows the way to others, τοῖς νεωτέροις ἡ. ἠθῶν χρηστῶν γίγνεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, of choir-leaders, Mnemos.[Refs 2nd c.BC+]
II. in [Refs 8th c.BC+], leader, commander, chief, opposed to λαοί, πληθύς, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; στρατηγὸς καὶ ἡ. τῶν 'Ελλήνων πρὸς τὸν βάρβαρον[Refs]; ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνας τῶν πάνυ [στρατηγῶν] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ={λοχαγός}, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]; chief, sovereign, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of the queen-bee and queen-wasp, regarded by [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἡ. τῶν προβάτων, of the bell-wether, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τῶν βοῶν[Refs 5th…
ἡγεμών
hegemon
from 2233; a leader, i.e. chief person (or figuratively, place) of a
province:--governor, prince, ruler.
see GREEK for 2233
ἡγεμών, όνος, ὁ
n.m.
a governor
ἡγεμών hēgemōn 20x
a guide; a leader; a chieftain, prince, Mt. 2:6; a Roman provincial governor, under whatever title, Mt. 10:18; 27:2; Lk. 20:20; Acts 23:24
ἡγεμών one who leads, Lat. dux: and so,
in Od., a guide to shew the way, so Hdt., etc.; ἡγ. γενέσθαι τινὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ id. Hdt.
one who is an authority to others, Lat. dux, auctor, τοῖς νεωτέροις ἡγ. ἠθῶν γίγνεσθαι Plat.; ἡγεμόνα εἶναί τινος to be the cause of a thing, Xen., etc.
in Il., a leader, commander, chief, ἡγεμόνες Δαναῶν, φυλάκων, Il., etc.; ἔχοντες ἡγεμόνας τῶν πάνυ στρατηγῶν having some of the best generals as commanders, Thuc.: a chief, sovereign, Pind., Soph., etc.
= Rom. Emperor, Plut.: also a provincial governor, NTest.
Noun-DSM — Noun · dative · singular · masculinedative — to, for, with — the one it is done to or by.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-DSM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Dative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
guv'-er-ner: The word "governor" is employed in English Versions of the Bible in rendering a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. In certain cases strict consistency is neither observed nor possible.
1. In the Old Testament:
In the rendering of Hebrew terms account has naturally been taken of the translations offered in Septuagint, which, being the work of different hands, is both uneven in quality and inconsistent. But there are inherent difficulties which can never be entirely overcome. First and most important, there is the difficulty arising from our ignorance of many details of the government of the oriental nations to which the terms apply. Hardly less is the embarrassment occasioned by the vague employment of words in indiscriminate reference to persons of superior rank and somehow exercising authority. There is consequently much confusion in the use of titles such as "deputy,"…
Governor
(1.) Heb. nagid, a prominent, conspicuous person, whatever his capacity: as, chief of the royal palace (2 Chr. 28:7; comp. 1 Kings 4:6), chief of the temple (1 Chr. 9:11; Jer. 20:1), the leader of the Aaronites (1 Chr. 12:27), keeper of the sacred treasury (26:24), captain of the army (13:1), the king (1 Sam. 9:16), the Messiah (Dan. 9:25).
(2.) Heb. nasi, raised; exalted. Used to denote the chiefs of families (Num. 3:24, 30, 32, 35); also of tribes (2:3…
In the Authorized Version this one English word is the representative of no less than ten Hebrew and four Greek words. The chief of a tribe or family. A ruler in his capacity of lawgiver and dispenser of justice. A ruler consider especially as having power over the property and persons of his subjects. (Genesis 24:2; Joshua 12:2; Psalms 100:20) The "governors of the people," in (2 Chronicles 23:20) appear to have been the king’s body-guard; cf. (2 Kings 11:19) A prominent personage, whatever his capacity. It is applied to a king as the military and civil chief of his people, (
22 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 3 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 20 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 28 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
τοσούτῳ γὰρ τὸ νοητὸν τοῦ ὁρατοῦ λαμπρότερόν τε καὶ αὐγοειδέστερον ὅσῳπερ ἥλιος, οἶμαι, σκότους καὶ ἡμέρα νυκτὸς καὶ [τὰ κριτήρια] νοῦς, ὁ τῆς ὅλης ψυχῆς ἡγεμών, ὀφθαλμῶν σώματος.
ἥκω τε νῦν ὁδοῦ τε ταύτης ἡγεμὼν ἐσόμενος καὶ βίου σου τελευτὴν ἐν ταῖς Ἰωσήπου χερσὶ γενησομένην προδηλῶν καὶ μακρὸν αἰῶνα τῶν σῶν ἐγγόνων ἐν ἡγεμονίᾳ καὶ δόξῃ καταγγέλλων καταστήσων τε αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν ἣν ὑπέσχημαι.
καὶ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱεροῦ πρώτου λεπτοῦ χ … καὶ … σοῦχος ἡγεμὼν καὶ … υχος οὐραγὸς καὶ Πανεχῶτις … καὶ οἱ στρατιῶται … ως Πατεπτ σνου
τινὰς Καλπουρνιανοῦ καὶ Μαξιμιανοῦ καὶ Νεοκύδους Καλλίνεικος ῥήτωρ ὑπὲρ Σαραπίωνος εἶπεν· ἀναγνώσομαι ἐπιστολὴν μίαν ἡγεμόνος Ὁνοράτου οὐ πρὸ πολλοῦ χρόνου γραφεῖσαν ἐν ᾗ καὶ ἐπὶ ταύταις ταῖς ἀνεγνωσμέναις κρίσεσιν
ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων καὶ οὐσιακῶν γεωργῶν τῆς αὐτῆς κώμης. κατὰ τὰ κελευσθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ λαμπρωτάτου ἡγεμόνος Ἀννίου Συριακοῦ ἀπογραφόμεθα τὰς ἠβροχηκυίας καὶ ἐπηντλημένας ἀρούρας περὶ τὴν κώμην Λαγίδα τῷ ἐνεστῶτι
The Greek word Φῆλιξ (i.e., Phelix) refers to Felix, a Roman procurator of Judea mentioned in the New Testament. The name is derived from Latin, meaning 'happy' or 'fortunate.' Felix appears in several passages in Acts (23:24, 24:3, 24:22, 24:24-25, 25:14). The entries provide historical context about his rule and character, noting his controversial governance and connections to notable figures.
φῆλιξ (L, Φή-), -ικος, ὁ
Felix, procurator of Judæa: Ac 23:24, 26 24:3, 22, 24, 25, 27 25:14.†
Φῆλιξ (Lehm. Φήλιξ, [so Trin Acts xxiv. 22 (by mistake ?)]; cf. Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch. p. 37; B. 13 (12); [Tdf. Proleg. p. 104; and reff. s. v. xnpv&]), [lit. ‘happy’, ‘fortunate ’], τικος, 6, (Claudius [but in Tacit. Aist. 5, 9 called Antonius]) Feliz, the eleventh procurator of Juda, (apparently between a.p. 52 and 60). He was a freedman of Claudius and his mother Antonia, and the brother of Pallas, the powerful favorite of the emperor. He first married Drusilla [(?) see Dict. of Grk. and Rom. Biogr. s. v. 4], the granddaughter of Cleopatra and Antony; and afterwards Drusilla, the daughter of Herod Agrippa. Acc. to Tacitus “per omnem saevitiam ac libidinem jus regium servili ingenio exercuit”’, and by his cruelty and injustice he stimulated the rage of the turbulent Jews against the Roman rule. When he had retired from the province and come to Rome, the Jews of Cesarea accused…
Read the full entry →Φῆλιξ. For this common proper name cf. P Oxy IV. 800 (c. A.D. 153), where it is the name of a prefect. , φήμη, “‘report,” “rumour” (Mt 926, Lk 414): the word is doubtfully restored in BGU IV. r1o2qvii-28 (end iv/a.p.). A late ex. is afforded by P Masp I. 67097 verso 1089 (Byz.).
Φῆλιξ (Phēlix) — Felix.
φῆλιξ (L, Φή-), -ικος, ὁ
Felix, procurator of Judæa: Act.23:24, 26 24:3, 22 24:24-25, 27 25:14.†
(From Abbott-Smith. LSJ has no entry)
Φῆλιξ
Phelix
of Latin origin; happy; Phelix (i.e. Felix), a Roman:--Felix.
Φῆλιξ, ικος, ὁ
n.m.
Felix
Φῆλιξ Phēlix 9x
Felix, pr. name, Acts 23:24, 26; 24:3, 22, 24f., 27; 25:14*
Noun-DSM — Noun · dative · singular · masculinedative — to, for, with — the one it is done to or by.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-DSM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Dative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
Felix
Happy, the Roman procurator of Judea before whom Paul “reasoned” (Acts 24:25). He appears to have expected a bribe from Paul, and therefore had several interviews with him. The “worthy deeds” referred to in 24:2 was his clearing the country of banditti and impostors.
At the end of a two years’ term, Porcius Festus was appointed in the room of Felix (A.D. 60), who proceeded to Rome, and was there accused of cruelty and malversation of office by the Jews of Caesarea. The accusation was rendered nugatory by the influence of his brother Pallas with Nero. (See Josephus, Ant. xx. 8, 9.)
Drusilla, the daughter of Herod Agrippa, having been induced by Felix to desert her husband, the king of Emesa, became his adulterous companion. She was seated beside him when Paul “reasoned” before the judge. When Felix gave place to Festus…
(happy), a Roman procurator of Judea appointed by the emperor Claudius in A.D. 53. He ruled the province in a mean, cruel and profligate manner. His period of office was full of troubles and seditions. St. Paul was brought before Felix in Caesarea. He was remanded to prison, and kept there two years in hopes of extorting money from him. (Acts 24:26,27) At the end of that time Porcius Festus [FESTUS, PORCIUS] was appointed to supersede Felix, who, on his return to Rome, was accused by the Jews in Caesarea, and would have suffered the penalty due to his atrocities had not his brother Pallas prevailed with the emperor Nero to spare him. This was probably about A.D. 60. The wife of Felix was Drusilla, daughter of Herod Agrippa I., who was his third wife and whom he persuaded to leave her husband and marry him.
A Roman governor of Judea; originally a slave, but manumitted and promoted by Claudius Caesar, from whom he received the name of Claudius. He is described by the historian Tacitus as cruel, licentious, and base. In Judea he married Drusilla, sister of the younger Agrippa, having enticed her from her second husband Azizus. Paul having been sent by Lysias to Caesarea, then the seat of government, Felix gave him an audience, and was convinced of his innocence. Nevertheless he kept him a prisoner, though with many alleviation’s, in hopes that his friends would purchase his liberty by a heavy bribe. Meanwhile his wife Drusilla, who was a Jewess, desired to hear Paul explain the new religion; and the apostle being summoned before them, discoursed with his usual boldness on justice, chastity, and the final judgment. Felix trembled, but hastily remanded Paul to confinement, and stifled his…
happy, prosperous
9 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 9 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
ὡς Φῆλιξ ἐπίτροπος πεμφθεὶς καὶ καταλαβὼν τὴν χώραν κεκακωμένην ὑπὸ τῶν λῃστῶν προυνοήσατο διαφθείρας αὐτοὺς εἰρήνην ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ καταστῆσαι, τὸν δὲ πρῶτον τῶν λῃστῶν Ἐλεάζαρον ὄνομα δήσας εἰς Ῥώμην ἀνέπεμψεν.
ἀντίγραφον ἐπιχωρήσεως. Ἐπαφροδίτωι Τιβερίου Κλαυδίου Φήλικος παρὰ Ἑριέως τοῦ Σαταβοῦτος τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς Σοκνοπαίου Νήσου μισθωτοῦ ἐλαιουργίου τοῦ ἐν ἐποικίῳ
ος Κορνήλιος Φῆλιξ καὶ Γάιος Ἰούλιος η … … … ω … … ι … α
Αἴλιος Φῆλιξ κωμογραμματεῖ καὶ … … κώμης Πολυδευκείας Θεμίστου τοῦ Ἀρσινοΐτου. ἀπερχόμενος, τοῦτο γὰρ ἡ ἐπιμέλειά
χαίρω is a Greek verb meaning to rejoice or be glad. It is used in various contexts, including greetings and farewells, as well as expressing joy in response to good news. The New Testament features it in verses like Matthew 2:10 and Philippians 4:10. It can also appear in forms of salutation, such as χαῖρε (hail) and χαίρετε (greetings).
χαίρω
[in LXX for שָׂמַח (Ge 45:16, al.), גִּיל (Pr 2:14, al.), etc.; inf., as greeting (v. infr.), Is 48:22 57:21 שָׁלוֹם), I Mac 10:18, II Mac 1:1 and freq. in these books ;]
to rejoice, be glad: Mk 14:11, Lk 15:5, 32 19:6, 37 22:5 23:8, Jo 4:36 8:56 20:20, Ac 5:41 8:39 11:23 13:48, II Co 6:10 7:7 13:9, Phl 2:17, 28, Col 2:5, I Th 5:16, Read the full entry →
χαίρω; impf. ἔχαιρον; fut. χαρήσομαι (Lk. i. 14; In. xvi. 20, 22; Phil. i. 18, for the earlier form χαιρήσω, cf. [W. 90 (86); B. 68 (60)]; Bétm. Ausf. Spr. ii. 322 sq. ; Matthiae ὃ 255 s.v.; Kiihner $343 s.v.; Kriiger § 40 s.v.; [Veitchs. y.]), once χαρῶ (Rev. xi. 10 Rec., a form occurring nowhere else); 2 aor. [pass. as act.] ἐχάρην cf. συγχαίρω, init.]; fr. Hom. down; Sept. for nov, m1, wi; to rejoice, be glad; a. in the prop. and strict sense: [Mk. xiv. 11]; Lk. xv. δ, [32]; xix. 6, 37; viii. 89; xi. 235 xiii. 48; 2 Co. [vi. 10]; vii. 7; xiii. 9,11 ΘΒ refer this to b. in the sense of farewell]; Phil. ii. 17, 28; Col. ii. 5; 1 Th. v.16; 1 Pet. iv. 18; 5. Jn. 3; opp. to κλαίειν, Ro. xii. 153 1 Co. vii. 30; opp. to κλαίειν x. θρηνεῖν, In. xvi. 20; opp. to λύπην ἔχειν, ib. 22; joined with ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι, Mt. v. 12; Rey. xix. 7; with oxiprav, Lk. vi. 23 ; χαίρειν ἐν κυρίῳ (see ἐν, I. 6 Ὁ. Ὁ.…
Read the full entry →χαίρω, “rejoice”: P Eleph 133 (B.C. 223-222) ἐκομισάμην τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστολήν, ἣν ἀναγνοὺς ἐχάρην (οί. Proleg. Ρ. 161) ἐπὶ τῶι με αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ, P Berol 11662% (time of Claudius) (= Olsson, p. 190) πρὸ μὲν πάντων ἐχάρην μεγάλως λαβών σου [ἐἸπιστολήν, ὅτι ὑγειαίνεις, similarly P Giss I. 21% (time of Trajan), BGU II. 531}: 5 (ii/a.D.), and P Oxy I. 4117 (iii/iv a.D.) ἐπὶ τούτῳ σφόδρα χαίρω. It should be noted that in Phil 31, 44, RV marg. renders χαίρετε by ‘‘farewell.”’ Lightfoot (Comm. ad //.) combines the two meanings “‘ farewell” and “‘ rejoice,” but the latter is generally preferred by the commentators. The verb is very common in the opening address of letters, asin Ac 1578, 253. cf. Jas 17, e.g. ἘΣ Eleph 10” (B.c. 223— 222) Evdppovios Μίλωνι χαίρειν (for imper. inf. see Proleg. p- 179f.), P Oxy II. 2925 (c. A.D. 25) Θέων Τυράννωι τῶι τιμιωτάτωι πλεῖστα χαίρειν, P Ryl 11.…
Read the full entry →χαίρω (chairō) — to rejoice.
χαίρω,
[Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural imperative χαιρόντων [Refs 5th c.BC+]: imperfect, Epic dialect χαῖρον [Refs 8th c.BC+], Ionic dialect χαίρεσκον [Refs]: future χαιρήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect reduplicate infinitive κεχᾰρησέμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later χᾰρῶ variant in [NT]: aorist ἐχαίρησα [Refs 1st c.AD+]: perfect κεχάρηκα [Refs 5th c.BC+], participle -ηκώς[Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle (in same sense), χαίρομαι, noted as a barbarism in [Refs 5th c.BC+]future χᾰρήσομαι Ps.-[Refs 2nd c.BC+]; Doric dialect χαρησοῦμαι [LXX+4th c.BC+]; Epic dialect κεχᾰρήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist 1 participle χαιρησάμενος [Refs 2nd c.AD+]: Epic dialect aorist 1 χήρατο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle χηράμενος [Refs 1st c.AD+]: Epic dialect reduplicate aorist 2, 3rd.pers. plural κεχάροντο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; optative 3rd.pers. singular and plural κεχάροιτο…
Read the full entry →χαίρω
chairo
a primary verb; to be "cheer"ful, i.e. calmly happy or well-off;
impersonally, especially as salutation (on meeting or parting), be
well:--farewell, be glad, God speed, greeting, hall, joy(- fully),
rejoice.
χαίρω
v.
I rejoice, am glad
χαίρω chairō 74x
to rejoice, be glad, be joyful, be full of joy, Mt. 2:10; 5:12; 18:13; Mk. 14:11; Rom. 12:12; 2 Cor. 2:3; a term of salutation, Hail! Mt. 26:49; λέγω χαίρειν, to greet, 2 Jn. 10:11; an epistolary forth, Health! Acts 15:23
χαίρω Root ΧΑΡ to rejoice, be glad, be delighted Hom., etc.; χ. θυμῶι or ἐν θυμῶι, χ. φρεσὶν ἧισι id. Hom.:—c. dat. rei, to rejoice at, be delighted with, take delight in a thing, id. Hom., etc.; so, χαίρειν ἐπί τινι Soph., Xen.:— c. part., χαίρω τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας I rejoice at having heard, Il.; χαίρεις ὁρῶν Eur.; χαίρω φειδόμενος Ar.;— with part. pres. χαίρω sometimes takes the sense of φιλέω, to be wont to do, χαίρουσι χρεώμενοι Hdt., etc.
with negat., οὐ χαιρήσεις thou wilt or shalt not rejoice, i. e. thou shalt not go unpunished, shalt repent it, Ar.; so in Hom., οὐδέ τιν᾽ οἴω Τρώων χαιρήσειν Il.; so with an interrog., σὺ χαιρήσειν νομίζεις; Plut.: v. inf. IV. 2
Read the full entry →Verb-PAN — Verb · present · active · infinitivepresent active infinitive — an action in progress.
V-PAN Part of Speech: Verb Tense: Present Voice: Active Mood: iNfinitive TVM equivalent: G5721
gret'-ing (sha'-al; chairo, aspasmos, aspazomai):
(1) Sha'-al means "to ask," "to inquire of anyone respecting welfare," hence, "to greet." In the Old Testament the word "greet" occurs only once in the King James Version or the Revised Version (British and American), namely, in 1Sa 25:5, "Go to Nabal, and greet him in my name." But it is implied in other places where shalom ("well," "prosperity," "peace"), the common Hebrew greeting, is used; e.g. in Ge 37:4, it is said of Joseph that "his brethren could not speak peaceably unto him," i.e. could not give him the common friendly greeting of "Peace!" "Peace be to thee!" So, in Ge 43:27, the Revised Version (British and American) "He asked them of their welfare" (King James…
74 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 29 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 74 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 33 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
χαίρει γὰρ τὰ μέν τινα τεναγώδει καὶ οὐ πάνυ βαθείᾳ θαλάττῃ, τὰ δ’ ὑποδρόμοις καὶ λιμέσι μήτ’ ἐπὶ γῆν ἀνέρπειν μήτε πόρρω γῆς ἐπινήχεσθαι δυνάμενα, τὰ δὲ κατὰ μέσον καὶ βαθὺ πέλαγος διαιτώμενα τὰς προκεχυμένας ἄκρας ἢ νήσους ἢ πέτρας ἐκτρέπεται·
ἦσαν δέ τινες, οἳ πόθῳ τῆς ἱστορίας ἐπʼ αὐτήν με προύτρεπον, καὶ μάλιστα δὴ πάντων Ἐπαφρόδιτος ἀνὴρ ἅπασαν μὲν ἰδέαν παιδείας ἠγαπηκώς, διαφερόντως δὲ χαίρων ἐμπειρίαις πραγμάτων, ἅτε δὴ μεγάλοις μὲν αὐτὸς ὁμιλήσας πράγμασι καὶ τύχαις πολυτρόποις,…
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
Ποήρει Νεχούτου καὶ … ως καὶ Πετααρσεμθεῖ … … … η Φατρήους καὶ … χαίρειν καὶ ἐρρωμένοις διευτυχεῖν. ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρίστην μνείαν ποιούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς
r Πλάτων Νεχθύρει χαίρειν. ἐξωρμήκαμεν ἐκ Λάτων πόλεως ἀντιληψόμενοι τῶν ἐνεστηκότων κατὰ τὸ συμφέρον τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ γεγραφότες
r Πλάτων τοῖς ἐν Παθύρει ἱερεῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς κατοικοῦσι χαίρειν. γέγραφεν ἡμῖν Φιλόξενος ὁ ἀδελφὸς διʼ ὧν κεκόμικεν ἡμῖν Ὄρσης γραμμάτων περὶ τοῦ τὸν