Daniel 11:44 — Word Study
WLCוּשְׁמֻע֣וֹת יְבַהֲלֻ֔הוּ מִמִּזְרָ֖ח וּמִצָּפ֑וֹן וְיָצָא֙ בְּחֵמָ֣א גְדֹלָ֔ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד וּֽלְהַחֲרִ֖ים רַבִּֽים׃
BSA◂But newsshᵉmûwʻâh [tidings, reports] from the eastmizrâch [the direction of the sunrise] and the northtsâphôwn [Zaphon, a location or direction] will alarm himbâhal▸ [trouble, dismay] and he will go outyâtsâʼ [come out, leave a place] with greatgâdôwl [intense, large] furychêmâh [rage, intense anger] to destroyshâmad [annihilate, devastate] manyrab [a large number, numerous] and devote them to destructionchâram [utterly destroy, sweep away, desolation, devastation]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּשְׁמֻע֣וֹת | and reports | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| יְבַהֲלֻ֔הוּ | they will dismay him | Verb piel imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
| מִמִּזְרָ֖ח | from [the] east | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּמִצָּפ֑וֹן | and from [the] north | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| וְיָצָא֙ | and he will go out | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| בְּחֵמָ֣א | in rage | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| גְדֹלָ֔ה | great | Adj |
| לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד | to destroy | Preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
| וּֽלְהַחֲרִ֖ים | and to totally destroy | Conjunction, preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
| רַבִּֽים׃ | many [people] | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | But news from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will go out with great fury to destroy many and devote them to destruction. |
| KJV | But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many. |
| ASV | But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him; and he shall go forth with great fury to destroy and utterly to sweep away many. |
| YLT | 'And reports trouble him out of the east and out of the north, and he hath gone forth in great fury to destroy, and to devote many to destruction; |
| WEB | But news out of the east and out of the north will trouble him; and he will go out with great fury to destroy and utterly to sweep away many. |
| BBE | But he will be troubled by news from the east and from the north; and he will go out in great wrath, to send destruction on, and put an end to, great numbers. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of שְׁמוּעָה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence features a main clause followed by several phrases that elaborate on the sources of alarm and the subsequent actions of the ruler.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectשְׁמוּעָה
verbיָצָא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 11:44
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy of Danielgenerated
Daniel 11:44 describes a future ruler who will be alarmed by reports from the east and north. This ruler, driven by fury, will act decisively to destroy many. The surrounding verses detail the ruler's conquests and the geopolitical tensions of the time, highlighting the precariousness of power and the influence of external threats.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 11:11–30 | In a rage, the king of the South will march out to fight the king of the North, who will raise a large army, but it will be delivered into the hand of his enemy. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 38:9–12 | You and all your troops, and many peoples with you will go up, advancing like a thunderstorm; you will be like a cloud covering the land. |
| 3 | Revelation 16:12 | And the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up to prepare the way for the kings of the East. |
| 4 | Revelation 17:13 | These kings have one purpose: to yield their power and authority to the beast. |
| 5 | Revelation 19:19–21 | Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies assembled to wage war against the One seated on the horse, and against His army. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׁמוּעָה, u.she.mu.'otgenerated
The noun שְׁמוּעָה (shmuw`ah) refers to a report or announcement. It is derived from the root שָׁמַע (to hear), indicating its connection to communication and information sharing. This word is often used in contexts where news or tidings are conveyed, such as in Luke 2:10, where it describes the announcement of Jesus' birth.
In this verse, שְׁמוּעָה indicates the alarming news that stirs the ruler's emotions. The plural form suggests multiple reports or tidings, emphasizing the weight of the information that causes distress.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the word is translated as reports, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יְבַהֲלֻ֔הוּ (yevaḥaluhu), they will dismay him, governs the main action of the verse. The structure includes a series of phrases that describe the source of the news and the resulting actions of the ruler.
The arrangement highlights the cause-and-effect relationship: the reports from the east and north lead to the ruler's alarm and subsequent fury, illustrating a clear progression in the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שְׁמוּעָה as ἀκοὴ (akoē), which means 'hearing' or 'report.' This choice emphasizes the act of hearing the news, focusing on the auditory aspect of the reports rather than their content.
This translation choice may suggest a broader interpretation of the news, highlighting the importance of the message itself and its impact on the ruler.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 11:44 tells us that alarming news from the east and north will disturb a powerful ruler, prompting him to act with great anger. He will seek to destroy many people, showing the destructive nature of his response to external threats.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The news represents external threats that provoke fear and anger in the ruler, leading to violent actions.
The ruler's response is driven by the alarm caused by the reports, indicating a sense of vulnerability to outside forces.
To devote to destruction means to completely annihilate or eradicate a group of people, often in a context of warfare or divine judgment.
This verse fits into a larger narrative about the ruler's conquests and the geopolitical tensions of the time, illustrating the consequences of power struggles.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some examples of alarming news that have caused leaders to react strongly throughout history?
- How can we understand the balance between power and vulnerability in leadership?
- In what ways can external threats provoke fear and lead to destructive actions?
- What lessons can we learn from the ruler's response to the news in this passage?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, interpreting its implications for understanding geopolitical events and divine judgment.
Verses 44, 45. "And tidings from the East and from the North shall trouble him. And he shall come thither with a great host to destroy and slay very many.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
This does not apply to Antiochus either. I mean that the disturbances did not drive him out of Egypt, but rather the decree of the Romans, which came from the west, not from the east.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 11 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 11:44 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBut tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him,.... This and the following verse respect times and things yet to come, and the interpretation of them is not so certain: perhaps
Read John Gill on Daniel 11 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBut tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many. But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 11 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe Christian princes of the north, and the dispersed Israelites, and the Jews carried captive into the north, ,15, called also kings of the east, shall come and trouble him, and all his power shall not be able to withstand. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 11 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 11:44 But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.Ver. 44. But tidings out of the east, &c.] It is seldom seen that God alloweth to the greatest darlings of the world a perfect contentment; but something or other they must have to trouble them still.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 11 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(44) He shall go forth.—The end of the northern king. While in Egypt he has bad news brought to him from the north and from the east, which stirs up feelings of revenge. Once again he halts in Palestine, where he comes to an end. That this cannot apply to Antiochus is evident from the following facts—(1) Antiochus was in Persia when the news of the defeat of Lysias reached him; (2) Judæa and Jerusalem cannot in any sense be regarded as either east or north of Persia; (3) Antiochus died in Persia, and not near Jerusalem.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 11 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 44. But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him] This part of the prophecy is allowed to be yet unfulfilled; and what is portented, the course of prophetic events will show. Were we to understand it as applying to Antiochus, then the news might be of the preparations which he heard, that the provinces of the east, and Artaxerxes, king of Armenia, on the north were intending to rise up against him. But if the Turkish power be understood, as in the preceding verses, it may mean that the Persians on the east, and the Russians on the north, will at some time greatly embarrass the Ottoman government. And how completely has this been fulfilled; first, by the total…
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 11 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges44. But tidings] or rumours, as the same word is rendered in 2 Kings 19:7 (= Isaiah 37:7), of the tidings which caused Sennacherib to withdraw. So Jeremiah 51:46; Ezekiel 7:26. Lit. something heard. Here, probably, rumours of insurrections, or wars, in the E. and N. of his dominions. trouble] alarm. See on Daniel 4:5. and he shall go forth] viz. out of Egypt. to destroy and utterly to make away many] lit. ‘and to ban (or devote) many.’ The word, which means properly to set apart, seclude, is used primarily of the ban laid upon persons or objects hostile to Israel’s religion (Exodus 22:20; Deuteronomy 2:34; Deuteronomy 7:2; Deuteronomy 7:25-26; Joshua 6:17-19, &c.)[391]: as this involved…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 11 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBut tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him - Shall disturb him, or alarm him.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
But news from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will go out with great fury to destroy many and devote them to destruction.
But news out of the east and out of the north will trouble him; and he will go out with great fury to destroy and utterly to sweep away many.
But news from the east and the north will alarm him, and he will go out with great fury to destroy many and devote them to destruction.
But reports will trouble him from the east and north, and he will set out in a tremendous rage to destroy and wipe out many.
Tyndale line
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him; and he shall go forth with great fury to destroy and utterly to sweep away many.
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: and he shall go forth with great fury to destroy and utterly to make away many.
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him: therefore he shall go forth with great fury to destroy, and utterly to make away many.
But the tidings out of the East and the North shall trouble him: therefore he shall goe foorth with great wrath to destroy and roote out many.
Strictly literal
But tidings out of the east and out of the north shall trouble him; and he shall go forth with great fury to exterminate, and utterly to destroy many.
'And reports trouble him out of the east and out of the north, and he hath gone forth in great fury to destroy, and to devote many to destruction;
And reports trouble him out of the east and out of the north, and he has gone forth in great fury to destroy, and to devote many to destruction;
But reports out of the east and out of the north will terrify him; and he will go forth with great fury to destroy, and to exterminate many.
But news from the east and the north will frighten him, and he will go out with great rage to completely destroy and to set many apart for destruction.
From the Latin
And tidings out of the east, and out of the north shall trouble him: and he shall come with a great multitude to destroy and slay many.
Simplified
But news from the east and the north will alarm him, and in a furious rage he will set out to destroy and exterminate many people.
But he will be troubled by news from the east and from the north; and he will go out in great wrath, to send destruction on, and put an end to, great numbers.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of Daniel 11:44, with all ten words matching in the Hebrew and Greek versions. This consistency reinforces the reliability of the prophetic message.
וּשְׁמֻע֣וֹת יְבַהֲלֻ֔הוּ מִמִּזְרָ֖ח וּמִצָּפ֑וֹן וְיָצָא֙ בְּחֵמָ֣א גְדֹלָ֔ה לְהַשְׁמִ֥יד וּֽלְהַחֲרִ֖ים רַבִּֽים׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 11:44
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שְׁמוּעָה (shmuw`ah) refers to a report or announcement, encompassing meanings such as news, rumor, and tidings. It is derived from the root of שָׁמַע (to hear). The word appears in contexts related to communication and information sharing.
שְׁמוּעָה n.f. report report
= mention
base
H8052 שְׁמוּעָה report
8052 shmuw`ah sehm-oo-aw'
feminine passive participle of 8074; something heard, i.e. an
announcement:--bruit, doctrine, fame, mentioned, news,
report, rumor, tidings.
see HEBREW for 08074
שְׁמוּעָה (she.mu.ah) — tidings.
1) report, news, rumour
1a) report, news, tidings
1b) mention
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Ncfpa
→ MAJORITY AND MINORITY
Of spies Nu 13:26-33; 14:6-10
בָּהַל (bahal) is a Hebrew verb that conveys a range of meanings related to disturbance and haste. It can mean to be disturbed, terrified, or anxious, as well as to act hastily or make haste. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Niph, Pi, Pu, and Hiph, which reflect different nuances of dismay and urgency.
[בָּהַל] vb.
Niph.
be disturbed, dismayed, terrified
be in haste, hasty
Pi.
dismay, terrify
hasten, make haste, act hastily
Pu. hastened; hastily gained
Hiph.
dismay, terrify
(late) hasten, hurry
base
H926 בָּהַל . . be disturbed, dismayed, terrified
. be in haste, hasty
. . dismay, terrify
. hasten, make haste, act hastily
. hastened; hastily gained
. . dismay, terrify
. (late) hasten, hurry
926 bahal baw-hal'
a primitive root; to tremble inwardly (or palpitate), i.e.
(figuratively) be (causative, make) (suddenly) alarmed or
agitated; by implication to hasten anxiously:--be (make)
affrighted (afraid, amazed, dismayed, rash), (be, get, make)
haste(-n, -y, -ily), (give) speedy(-ily), thrust out, trouble,
vex.
בָּהַל (ba.hal) — to dismay.
1) to disturb, alarm, terrify, hurry, be disturbed, be anxious, be afraid, be hurried, be nervous
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be disturbed, dismayed, terrified, anxious
1a2) to be in haste, be hasty
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to make haste, act hastily, be hurried, be hastened
1b2) to dismay, terrify
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to hasten
1c2) hastened, hastily gained (part.)
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to hasten, hurry, make haste
1d2) to dismay, terrify
V-Piel-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb piel imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVpi3mp/Sp3ms
מִזְרָח (mizrach) means 'place of sunrise' or simply 'east.' It is derived from the root meaning 'to rise' and refers to the direction of the sunrise. The entries consistently highlight its use to denote the east, both as a cardinal direction and in relation to the rising sun.
מִזְרָח n.[m.] place of sunrise, east
base
H4217 מִזְרָח place of sunrise, east
4217 mizrach miz-rawkh'
from 2224; sunrise, i.e. the east:--east (side, -ward),
(sun-)rising (of the sun).
see HEBREW for 02224
מִזְרָח (miz.rach) — East (Gate).
This name means place of sunrise, east
מִזְרָח (miz.rach) — east.
1) place of sunrise, east
1a) sunrise, east (with 'sun')
1b) the east (without 'sun')
1b1) to or toward the place of sunrise
1b2) to the east, eastward
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
East
(1.) The orient (mizrah); the rising of the sun. Thus “the east country” is the country lying to the east of Syria, the Elymais (Zech. 8:7).
(2). Properly what is in front of one, or a country that is before or in front of another; the rendering of the word kedem. In pointing out the quarters, a Hebrew always looked with his face toward the east. The word kedem is used when the four quarters of the world are described (Gen. 13:14; 28:14); and mizrah when the east only is distinguished from the west (Josh. 11:3; Ps. 50:1; 103:12, etc.). In Gen. 25:6 “eastward” is literally “unto the land of kedem;” i.e., the lands…
The Hebrew term kedem properly means that which is before or in front of a person, and was applied to the east form the custom of turning in that direction when describing the points of the compass, before, behind, the right and the left representing respectively east, west, south and north. (Job 23:8,9) The term as generally used refers to the lands lying immediately eastward of Palestine, viz., Arabia, Mesopotamia and Babylonia; on the other hand mizrach is used of the far east with a less definite signification. (Isaiah 42:2,25; 43:5; 46:11)
The Hebrews, in speaking of the different quarters of the heaven, always suppose the face to be turned towards the east. Hence "before," or "forwards," means the east; "behind" is the west; the right-hand is south, and the left hand, north. Besides the ordinary meanings of the word east, Jos 4:19; Ps 103:12, the Jews often used it to designate a large region lying northeast and southeast of Palestine, including Syria and Arabia near at hand, and Babylonia, Assyria, Armenia, etc., with the whole region from the Caspian sea to the Arabian gulf, Ge 29:1; Nu 23:7; Jud 6:3; 7:12; 8:10. The wise men who visited the infant…
צָפוֹן (tsaphown) means 'north' and is derived from a root meaning 'hidden' or 'dark.' It is used specifically to refer to the northern direction, often associated with gloominess and the unknown. The term also appears in the context of a name, 'Zaphon,' which similarly denotes the north.
צָפוֹן 153 n.f. north (as the hidden, dark)
base
H6828 צָפוֹן north
6828 tsaphown tsaw-fone'
or tsaphon {tsaw-fone'}; from 6845; properly, hidden, i.e.
dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and
unknown):--north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).
see HEBREW for 06845
צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — north.
1) north (of direction), northward
1a) north
1b) northward
צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — Zaphon.
This name means north
Also named: tsa.phon (צָפוֹן "Zaphon" H6829)
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/R/Ncfsa
See EAST. The Babylonians and Assyrians are represented as coming from "the north," because they invaded Israel by a northern route in order to avoid the desert, Jer 1:14 46:6,24 Zep 2:13. "Fair weather," says Job, or golden weather, "cometh out of the north," Job 37:22. This is as true in Syria and Arabia now as it was three thousand years ago. A traveler there remarks, "Our friends, who have been long residents, informed us that we should have fair weather for our start on the morrow, as the wind was from the north."
"... And so we have found it come to pass that the clouds of a golden hue always followed upon a north wind, and indicated a clear day; and as in the times of the Savior, we could always say when it was evening…
יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.
יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out
Qal
go or come out or forth
from (מִן) a place
go forth from (the presence of) a person
in technical senses
of flight, involving escape
depart
of inanimate things
with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
of children as going forth from loins (of father)
go forth to a place
go forward, proceed to or toward something
come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
of combinations
Hiph.
cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
bring out animals
inanimate obj.
fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
Hoph. be brought forth
base
H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place
. go forth from (the presence of) a person
. in technical senses
. of flight, involving escape
. depart
. of inanimate things
. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
. of children as going forth from loins (of father)
. . go forth to a place
. go forward, proceed to or toward something
. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
. of combinations
. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
. bring out animals
. inanimate obj.
. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
. be brought forth
3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'
a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great
variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct
and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X
begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come
(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,
depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,
fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,
out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),
going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,
lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X
scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring
out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any
time, X to (and fro), utter.
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.
: come/go_out/escape
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.
: send/take_out/release
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
The Hebrew word חֵמָה (*chemah*) primarily means heat and rage, encompassing concepts like fever, poison, and burning anger. It can refer to human anger as well as divine wrath, and is noted in Daniel's vision. The entries highlight its figurative use related to intense emotions and reactions.
חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) 121 n.f. heat, rage
heat:
fever
venom, poison
burning anger, rage:
of man
of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
of God
base
H2534 חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) heat, rage . heat: . fever
. venom, poison
. burning anger, rage: . of man
. of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
. of God
2534 chemah khay-maw'
or (Dan. 11:44) chemaC {khay-maw'}; from 3179; heat;
figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever):--anger, bottles,
hot displeasure, furious(-ly, -ry), heat, indignation, poison,
rage, wrath(- ful). See 2529.
see HEBREW for 03179
see HEBREW for 02529
חֵמָה (che.mah) — rage.
1) heat, rage, hot displeasure, indignation, anger, wrath, poison, bottles
1a) heat
1a1) fever
1a2) venom, poison (fig.)
1b) burning anger, rage
Aramaic equivalent: che.ma (חֱמָא "rage" H2528)
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
גָּדוֹל (gadol) means 'great' and covers a wide range of meanings, including large in size, number, intensity, sound, age, and importance. It can also refer to notable individuals or even God. Additionally, it appears as a proper noun in reference to a person named in Nehemiah 11:14. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, but do not present significant disagreement.
גָּדוֹל 622 adj. great
in magnitude and extent
in number
in intensity
in sound, loud
in age
in importance
in phrases
cstr.
as subst. concr. do great things
† as subst. neut. greatness of arm
H1419a גָּדוֹל great . in magnitude and extent
. in number
. in intensity
. in sound, loud
. in age
. in importance
. in phrases
. cstr.
. as subst. concr. do great things
. † as subst. neut. greatness of arm
H1419b הַגְּדוֹלִים father of Zabdiel
1419 gadowl gaw-dole'
or (shortened) gadol {gaw-dole'}; from 1431; great (in any
sense); hence, older; also insolent:--+ aloud, elder(-est), +
exceeding(-ly), + far, (man of) great (man, matter,
thing,-er,-ness), high, long, loud, mighty, more, much, noble,
proud thing, X sore, (X ) very.
see HEBREW for 01431
גָּדוֹל (ga.dol) — great: large.
adj
1) great
1a) large (in magnitude and extent)
1b) in number
1c) in intensity
1d) loud (in sound)
1e) older (in age)
1f) in importance
1f1) important things
1f2) great, distinguished (of men)
1f3) God Himself (of God)
subst
1g) great things
1h) haughty things
1i) greatness
Also means: ga.dol (גָּדוֹל ": old" H1419K)
§ Haggedolim = "the great one"
(CLBL) Haggedolim, the great man?, father of Zabdiel
גָּדוֹל (ga.dol) — Haggedolim.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.11.14
§ Haggedolim = "the great one"
(CLBL) Haggedolim, the great man?, father of Zabdiel
גָּדוֹל (ga.dol) — Great (Sea).
adj
great
Also named: pe.lish.ti (פְּלִשְׁתִּי "(Sea of the )Philistines" H6430I)
גָּדוֹל (ga.dol) — great: old.
adj
1) great
1a) large (in magnitude and extent)
1b) in number
1c) in intensity
1d) loud (in sound)
Adj — AdjHAafsa
שָׁמַד (shamad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to destroy or exterminate. It has forms in both the Niph'al, indicating being destroyed, and the Hiph'il, indicating the act of destroying. The entries emphasize its use in contexts of annihilation and devastation, with a focus on complete destruction.
[שָׁמַד] 90 vb. Niph. be exterminated, destroyed
Hiph. 69
annihilate, exterminate
destroy
base
H8045 [שָׁמַד] Niph. be exterminated, destroyed
8045 shamad shaw-mad'
a primitive root; to desolate:--destory(- uction), bring to
nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, X utterly.
שָׁמַד (sha.mad) — to destroy.
1) to destroy, exterminate, be destroyed, be exterminated
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to be annihilated, be exterminated
1a2) to be destroyed, be devastated
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to annihilate, exterminate
1b2) to destroy
Aramaic equivalent: she.mad (שְׁמַד "to destroy" H8046)
Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a — Preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHR/Vhcc
חָרַם (charam) is a Hebrew verb with two main meanings. It can denote the act of devoting or banning something, often for destruction, as well as the physical act of mutilation, particularly of body parts. The entries highlight its use in contexts of religious devotion and prohibition, as well as in descriptions of physical alteration.
[חָרַם] vb. Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate
Hiph. ban, devote
Hoph.
be put under the ban, devoted (to death)
devoted, i.e. forfeited, to the temple treasures
H2763a [חָרַם] Hiph. ban, devote, exterminate H2763b חָרַם slit (nose, lip, ear, etc.), mutilate esp. face
2763 charam khaw-ram'
a primitive root; to seclude; specifically (by a ban) to
devote to religious uses (especially destruction); physical
and reflexive, to be blunt as to the nose:--make accursed,
consecrate, (utterly) destroy, devote, forfeit, have a flat
nose, utterly (slay, make away).
חָרַם (cha.ram) — to devote/destroy.
1) to ban, devote, destroy utterly, completely destroy, dedicate for destruction, exterminate
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to prohibit (for common use), ban
1a2) to consecrate, devote, dedicate for destruction
1a3) to exterminate, completely destroy
1b) (Hophal)
1b1) to be put under the ban, be devoted to destruction
1b2) to be devoted, be forfeited
1b3) to be completely destroyed
חָרַם (cha.ram) — to slash.
1) to split, slit, mutilate (a part of the body)
1a) (Qal) to mutilate
1b) (Hiphil) to divide
Conj | Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a — Conjunction · preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHC/R/Vhcc
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…