Exodus 5:12 — Word Study
WLCוַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־ אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃
BSASo the peopleʻam scatteredpûwts▸ [were scattered abroad, dispersed] all overkôl the landʼerets [territory, region] of EgyptMitsrayim [a country in northeastern Africa] to gatherqâshash [assemble, collect] stubbleqash [dry straw, worthless material] for strawteben [instead of, in place of, stubble, fodder for animals]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֥פֶץ | and it scattered | Verb, Hiphil, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| הָעָ֖ם | the people | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בְּכָל־ | in all | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֶ֣רֶץ | [the] land of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| מִצְרָ֑יִם | Egypt | Noun proper |
| לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ | to gather | Preposition, verb piel infinitive construct common |
| קַ֖שׁ | stubble | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לַתֶּֽבֶן׃ | for the straw | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. |
| KJV | So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. |
| ASV | So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. |
| YLT | And the people is scattered over all the land of Egypt, to gather stubble for straw, |
| WEB | So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. |
| BBE | So the people were sent in all directions through the land of Egypt to get dry grass for stems. |
Where they part company is in the use of פּוּץ — see How Translations Differ.
The main action is clear and direct, with additional phrases providing context for the scattering and its purpose.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbפּוּץ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 5:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Israel's Oppression in Egyptgenerated
Exodus 5:12 describes how the Israelites were forced to gather stubble instead of straw for their brick-making tasks. This reflects the increasing burdens placed upon them by the Egyptians, as they were compelled to work harder under oppressive conditions. The surrounding verses illustrate the harsh demands made by the taskmasters and the desperation of the Israelite foremen as they struggled to meet these demands.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 15:7 | You overthrew Your adversaries by Your great majesty. You unleashed Your burning wrath; it consumed them like stubble. |
| 2 | Isaiah 5:24 | Therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes the straw, and as dry grass shrivels in the flame, so their roots will decay and their blossoms will blow away like dust; for they have rejected the instruction of the LORD of Hosts and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel. |
| 3 | Isaiah 47:14 | Surely they are like stubble; the fire will burn them up. They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame. There will be no coals to warm them or fire to sit beside. |
| 4 | Joel 2:5 | With a sound like that of chariots they bound over the mountaintops, like the crackling of fire consuming stubble, like a mighty army deployed for battle. |
| 5 | Nahum 1:10 |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פּוּץ, vai.Ya.fetzgenerated
The verb פּוּץ (puwts) is a Hiphil form, meaning 'to scatter' or 'to disperse.' It is often used in contexts involving people or armies being scattered, indicating a forceful or chaotic dispersal.
The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular suggests a completed action that has ongoing effects, emphasizing the widespread scattering of the people across the land.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַיָּ֥פֶץ (vai.Ya.fetz) governs the main clause, indicating the action of scattering. The structure is straightforward, with the subject הָעָ֖ם (ha.'Am) followed by prepositional phrases that elaborate on the extent and purpose of the scattering.
The sentence flows logically, with the action of scattering leading directly into the purpose of gathering stubble, creating a clear narrative of the Israelites' desperate situation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פּוּץ as διεσπάρη, which also means 'to scatter' but can imply a more forceful or intentional action. This choice highlights the severity of the Israelites' plight as they are driven to gather materials under duress.
The use of this Greek term suggests an interpretation that emphasizes the chaotic and oppressive nature of their circumstances, aligning with the overall narrative of oppression in Egypt.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 5:12 tells us that the Israelites were forced to scatter throughout Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw for their work. This reflects the harsh treatment they received from the Egyptians, who increased their burdens and made their labor even more difficult.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the Israelites were forced to spread out across the land to gather materials for their work, highlighting their oppression.
The Egyptians imposed this requirement as a way to increase the workload on the Israelites, reflecting their harsh treatment.
Stubble refers to dry straw or worthless material, emphasizing the desperation of the Israelites as they had to gather materials that were less useful than straw.
This verse illustrates the increasing oppression of the Israelites in Egypt, setting the stage for their eventual deliverance and the events that follow in the Exodus narrative.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this verse reveal about the conditions faced by the Israelites in Egypt?
- How can we understand the significance of gathering stubble instead of straw?
- In what ways does this verse reflect the broader themes of oppression and deliverance in Exodus?
- What lessons can we learn about perseverance in difficult circumstances from the Israelites' experience?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 5:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSo the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt,.... That part of it where they dwelt: to gather stubble instead of straw; straw not being easy to come at, they were obliged to
Read John Gill on Exodus 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySo the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw. So the people were scattered.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAll the land of Egypt, i.e. all that part of it; which is a very usual synecdoche.
Read Matthew Poole on Exodus 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsExodus 5:12 So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw.Ver. 12. So the people were scattered.] So are most people now-a-days busied about trash and trifles, neglecting the one thing necessary. In the enthronisation of the Pope before he puts on his triple crown, a wad of straw is set on fire before him, and one appointed to say, Sic transit gloria round, the glory of this world is but a blaze of straw or stubble, soon extinct. They that highly esteem it rejoice in a thing of nought, feed upon ashes, &c.
Read John Trapp on Exodus 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Stubble instead of straw.—Heb., stubble for the straw. Reaping in Egypt was effected by cutting off the ears only from the stalks, and thus a very tall stubble was left in the fields. This appears not to have been valued by the cultivators, and whoever wished was allowed to collect it. After collecting it, and bringing it to the brick-fields in bundles, they would have to chop it small before it would be fit for use.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. to gather stubble] which might be difficult to find, except immediately after the harvest.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleStubble instead of straw - Rather, for the straw: i. e. to be prepared as straw. This marks the season of the year, namely, early spring, after the barley or wheat harvest, toward the end of April.
Read Albert Barnes on Exodus 5 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible12. To gather stubble instead of straw — Literally, for the straw. The Egyptians cut the grain first below the ear, leaving a long stubble, which was chopped into straw.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
So the people spread out through all the land of Egypt to collect stubble for straw.
Tyndale line
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw.
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt, to gather stubble instead of straw.
Then were the people scattered abroade throughout all the land of Egypt, for to gather stubble in steade of strawe.
Strictly literal
And the people were scattered abroad throughout the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
And the people is scattered over all the land of Egypt, to gather stubble for straw,
And the people are scattered over all the land of Egypt, to gather stubble for straw,
And the people scattered themselves abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw.
So the people scattered throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.
From the Latin
And the people was scattered through all the land of Egypt to gather straw.
Simplified
So the people went all over Egypt collecting stubble for straw.
So the people were sent in all directions through the land of Egypt to get dry grass for stems.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Samaritan Pentateuch all agree on the essential wording of this verse. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some variations due to editorial restorations, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses.
וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־ אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃
7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ויפץ העם בכל ארץ מצרים לקשׁשׁ קשׁ לתבן
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
[ויפץ] [העם] [בכל] [ארץ] [מצרים] לקשש קש לתבן
3 words on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
ויפץ [העם] [בכל] [ארץ] מצרים לקשש קש לתבן
5 words on the leather — 3 supplied entire by an editor.
[ויפץ] [העם] [בכל] [ארץ] [מצרים] [לקשש] [קש] לתבן
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 5:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word פּוּץ (puwts) primarily means to scatter or disperse, applicable to both people and armies. It can also convey the idea of flowing or overflowing. The noun form מֵפִיץ (mephits) refers to a scatterer. Additionally, it has connotations of breaking or shattering, as seen in related forms.
[פּוּץ] vb. be dispersed, scattered
Qal be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies
Niph.
be scattered, of army
be spread abroad, of peoples
Hiph.
trans. scatter
intrans. scatter
base
מֵפִיץ n.m. scatterer, disperser
base
פּוּץ vb. flow, overflow
base
[פָּצַץ] vb. break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush)
Pō‛. a hammer which shatters rock.
Pilp. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).
base
H6327a פּוּץ be dispersed, scattered .be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies
. . be scattered, of army
. be spread abroad, of peoples
. . trans. scatter
. intrans. scatter
H6327b מֵפִיץ scatterer, disperser H6327c פּוּץ flow, overflow H6327d [פָּצַץ] break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush) . a hammer which shatters rock.
. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).
6327 puwts poots
a primitive root; to dash in pieces, literally or
figuratively (especially to disperse):--break (dash, shake)
in (to) pieces, cast (abroad), disperse (selves), drive,
retire, scatter (abroad), spread abroad.
פּוּץ (puts) — to scatter.
1) to scatter, be dispersed, be scattered
1a) (Qal) to be dispersed, be scattered
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be scattered
1b2) to be spread abroad
1c) (Hiphil) to scatter
1d) Hithpael) scatter
מֵפִיץ (me.phits) — scatterer.
n.m.
scatterer
פּוּץ (puts) — to flow.
(Qal) to flow, overflow
פָּצַץ (pa.tsats) — to shatter.
1) to break
1a) (Polel) to shatter
1b) (Pilpel) to dash to pieces
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vhw3ms
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מִצְרַ֫יִם (mitsrayim) refers to Egypt, a country in northeastern Africa known for the Nile River. The term can denote both the land and its inhabitants, the Egyptians. It is derived from a dual form suggesting Upper and Lower Egypt, and is linked to the biblical figure Mizraim, a son of Ham. The lexicons note its significance in the context of the table of nations.
מִצְרַ֫יִם 681 n.pr.terr. et gent. Egypt, Egyptians
of land, Egypt
combinations
of people:
in table of nations, personif. as second son of Ham
= Egypt (as a people), Egyptians
base
H4714 מִצְרַ֫יִם Egypt, Egyptians . . of land, Egypt
. combinations
. of people: . in table of nations, personif. as second son of Ham
. = Egypt (as a people), Egyptians
4714 Mitsrayim mits-rah'-yim
dual of 4693; Mitsrajim, i.e. Upper and Lower Egypt:--Egypt,
Egyptians, Mizraim.
see HEBREW for 04693
מִצְרַ֫יִם (mits.ra.yim) — Egypt.
§ Egypt = "land of the Copts"
a country at the northeastern section of Africa, adjacent to Palestine, and through which the Nile flows
Egyptians = "double straits"
מִצְרַ֫יִם (mits.ra.yim) — Egypt.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.6;
son of: Ham (H2526);
brother of: Canaan (H3667), Cush (H3568) and Put (H6316);
father of: Ludim (H3866), Anamim (H6047), Lehabim (H3853), Naphtuhim (H5320), Pathrusim (H6625), Casluhim (H3695) and Caphtorim (H3732)
§ Egypt = "land of the Copts"
1) a country at the northeastern section of Africa, adjacent to Palestine, and through which the Nile flows
Egyptians = "double straits"
adj
2) the inhabitants or natives of Egypt
מִצְרַ֫יִם (mits.ra.yim) — (Sea of) Egypt.
§ Egypt = "land of the Copts"
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
e'-jipt:
I. THE COUNTRY
1. The Basis of the Land 2. The Nile Valley 3. Earliest Human Remains 4. Climate 5. Conditions of Life 6. The Nile 7. The Fauna 8. The Flora 9. The Prehistoric Races
II. THE HISTORY
1. 1st and 2nd Ages: Prehistoric 2. 3d Age: Ist and IInd Dynasties 3. 4th Age: IIIrd through VIth Dynasties 4. 5th Age: VIIth through XIVth Dynasties 5. 6th Age: XVth through XXIVth Dynasties 6. 7th Age: XXVth Dynasty to Roman Times 7. 8th Age: Arabic 8. Early Foreign Connections
III. THE OLD TESTAMENT CONNECTIONS
1. Semitic Connections 2. Abramic Times 3. Circumcision 4. Joseph 5. Descent into Egypt 6. The Oppression 7. The Historic Position 8. The Plagues 9. Date of the Exodus 10. Route of the Exodus 11. Numbers of the Exodus 12. Israel in Canaan 13. Hadad 14. Pharaoh's Daughter 15. Shishak 16. Zerakh 17. The Ethiopians 18. Tahpanhes 19. Hophra 20. The Jews of Syene 21. The New Jerusalem…
Egypt
The land of the Nile and the pyramids, the oldest kingdom of which we have any record, holds a place of great significance in Scripture.
The Egyptians belonged to the white race, and their original home is still a matter of dispute. Many scholars believe that it was in Southern Arabia, and recent excavations have shown that the valley of the Nile was originally inhabited by a low-class population, perhaps belonging to the Nigritian stock, before the Egyptians of history entered it. The ancient Egyptian language, of which the latest form is Coptic, is distantly connected with the Semitic family of speech.
Egypt consists geographically of two halves, the northern being the Delta, and the southern Upper Egypt, between Cairo and the First Cataract. In the Old Testament, Northern or Lower Egypt is called Mazor, “the fortified land” (Isa.…
(land of the Copts), a country occupying the northeast angle of Africa. Its limits appear always to have been very nearly the same. It is bounded on the north by the Mediterranean Sea, on the east by Palestine, Arabia and the Red Sea, on the south by Nubia, and on the west by the Great Desert. It is divided into upper Egypt --the valley of the Nile --and lower Egypt, the plain of the Delta, from the Greek letter; it is formed by the branching mouths of the Nile, and the Mediterranean Sea. The portions made fertile by the Nile comprise about 9582 square geographical miles, of which only about 5600 is under cultivation. --Encyc. Brit. The Delta extends about 200 miles along the Mediterranean, and Egypt is 520 miles long from north to south from the sea to the First Cataract. NAMES. --The common name of Egypt in the Bible is "Mizraim." It is in the dual number, which indicates the two…
A celebrated country in the north of Africa, at the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hebrews called it Mizraim, Ge 10:6, and hence it is now called by the Arabs, Mizr. The Greeks and Romans called it Aegyptus, whence Egypt; but the origin of this name is unknown.
The habitable land of Egypt is for the most part a great valley, through which the river Nile pours its waters, extending in a straight line from north to south, and skirted on the east and west by ranges of mountains, which approach and recede from the river more or less in different parts. Where this valley terminates, towards the north, the Nile divides itself, about forty or fifty miles from the seacoast, into several arms, which inclose the so-called Delta. The ancients numbered seven arms and mouths; the eastern was that of Pelusium, now that of Tineh; and the…
קָשַׁשׁ (qashash) is a verb meaning to gather or collect, specifically referring to stubble or sticks. It may also imply assembling or gathering together. The word is derived from a primitive root related to becoming sapless through drought, indicating a connection to foraging. There is some uncertainty in the lexicons regarding its exact usage and meaning.
[קָשַׁשׁ] vb. denom. Pō‛. gather stubble
base
[קָשַׁשׁ] vb. denom. Pō‛. doubtful gather stubble, sticks
base
H7197a קָשַׁשׁ vb. denom. Pō‛. gather stubble H7197b קָשַׁשׁ doubtful gather stubble, sticks
7197 qashash kaw-shash'
a primitive root; to become sapless through drought; used
only as denominative from 7179; to forage for straw, stubble
or wood; figuratively, to assemble:--gather (selves)
(together).
see HEBREW for 07179
קָשַׁשׁ (qa.shash) — to gather.
to gather, collect, gather stubble or sticks
קָשַׁשׁ (qa.shash) — to assemble.
1) to gather, assemble
1a) (Qal) to gather together
1b) (Hithpoel) to gather oneself together
Prep | V-m-Inf-a — Preposition · verb piel infinitive construct commonHR/Vpcc
gath'-er ('acaph, qabhats; sullego, sunago):
"Gather," transitive "to bring together," "collect," etc., and intransitive "to come together," "assemble," etc., occurs frequently and represents many Hebrew and Greek words. It is the translation of 'acaph, "to bring together," in Jos 6:9, the King James Version margin "gathering host"; Ps 27:10, the King James Version margin "The Lord will gather me"; compare Nu 12:14,15; Isa 52:12 King James Version margin. The phrases "gather thee unto thy fathers," "gathered unto his fathers," "gathered into the grave," etc., are frequently used for "to die" and "death" (Ge 25:8,17…
קַשׁ (qash) refers to stubble or chaff, typically associated with dry straw. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew word, but they do not provide further details on its usage in specific verses.
קַשׁ n.m. stubble, chaff
base
H7179 קַשׁ stubble, chaff
7179 qash kash
from 7197; straw (as dry):--stubble.
see HEBREW for 07197
קַשׁ (qash) — stubble.
stubble, chaff
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
stub'-'-l (qash (Ex 5:12, etc.); kalame (The Wisdom of Solomon 3:7; 1Co 3:12)): These Hebrew and Greek forms are used of the stalks of wheat, etc., left knee-high in the field by the reapers. tebhen (Job 21:18), is a mixture of chopped straw and chaff produced in threshing, which is winnowed out by the fan (compare Jer 23:28; Isa 5:24; Mt 3:12). When tebhen was withheld from them the Israelites had to utilize qash for the manufacture of their bricks (Ex 5:12).
תֶּ֫בֶן (teben) means straw, specifically the refuse or stalks of grain, often used for fodder or as building material. The word's root is uncertain, but it is linked to the concept of material refuse. It appears in contexts related to agriculture and livestock.
תֶּ֫בֶן n.m. straw (√ unknown)
base
H8401 תֶּ֫בֶן straw (√ unknown)
8401 teben teh'-ben
probably from 1129; properly, material, i.e. (specifically)
refuse haum or stalks of grain (as chopped in threshing and
used for fodder):--chaff, straw, stubble.
see HEBREW for 01129
תֶּ֫בֶן (te.ven) — straw.
1) straw, stubble
1a) as building material
1b) as fodder for livestock
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
Straw
Used in brick-making (Ex. 5:7-18). Used figuratively in Job 41:27; Isa. 11:7; 25:10; 65:25.
Both wheat and barley straw were used by the ancient Hebrews chiefly as fodder for the horses cattle and camels. (Genesis 24:25; 1 Kings 4:28; Isaiah 11:7; 66:25) There is no intimation that straw was used for litter. It was employed by the Egyptians for making bricks, (Exodus 5:7,16) being chopped up and mixed with the clay to make them more compact and to prevent their cracking. [See BRICK] The ancient Egyptians reaped their corn close to the ear, and afterward cut the straw close to the ground and laid it by. This was the straw that Pharaoh refused to give to the Israelites who were therefore compelled to gather "stubble" instead --a matter of considerable difficulty, seeing that the straw itself had been cut off near to the…