Genesis 10:11 — Word Study
WLCמִן־ הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִ֖וא יָצָ֣א אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־ נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה וְאֶת־ רְחֹבֹ֥ת עִ֖יר וְאֶת־ כָּֽלַח׃
BSAFrommin thathûwʼ [portion of the earth] landʼerets he went forthyâtsâʼ■ [came out, departed] into AssyriaʼAshshûwr [the land of Asshur] where he builtbânâh▸ [established, constructed] NinevehNîynᵉvêh [the capital city] Rehoboth-IrRᵉchôbôwth [the city of wide streets] CalahKelach [a place of vigor]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִן־ | from | Preposition |
| הָאָ֥רֶץ | the land | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| הַהִ֖וא | that | Particle, pronoun |
| יָצָ֣א | he went forth | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אַשּׁ֑וּר | Assyria | Noun proper |
| וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ | and he built | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה | Nineveh | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| רְחֹבֹ֥ת | Rehoboth- | Noun proper |
| עִ֖יר | Ir | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| כָּֽלַח׃ | Calah | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | From that land he went forth into Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, |
| KJV | Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, |
| ASV | Out of that land he went forth into Assyria, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah, |
| YLT | from that land he hath gone out to Asshur, and buildeth Nineveh, even the broad places of the city, and Calah, |
| WEB | Out of that land he went into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, |
| BBE | From that land he went out into Assyria, building Nineveh with its wide streets and Calah, |
Where they part company is נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה — see How Translations Differ.
One main verb with two phrases describing the destination and actions taken.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָצָא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Noahgenerated
Genesis 10:11 describes the actions of Asshur, who left his homeland to establish cities in Assyria. This verse highlights the expansion of civilization in the ancient Near East, particularly through the founding of significant urban centers like Nineveh. It reflects the broader theme of human development and settlement after the flood, as seen in the genealogies of Genesis 10.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Micah 5:6 | And they will rule the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod with the blade drawn. So He will deliver us when Assyria invades our land and marches into our borders. |
| 2 | Numbers 24:22–24 | Yet Kain will be destroyed when Asshur takes you captive.” |
| 3 | Ezra 4:2 | they approached Zerubbabel and the heads of the families, saying, “Let us build with you because, like you, we seek your God and have been sacrificing to Him since the time of King Esar-haddon of Assyria, who brought us here.” |
| 4 | Psalm 83:8 | Even Assyria has joined them, lending strength to the sons of Lot. Selah |
| 5 | Ezekiel 27:23 | Haran, Canneh, and Eden traded with you, and so did the merchants of Sheba, Asshur, and Chilmad. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אַשּׁ֑וּר, 'a.Shurgenerated
The name אַשּׁ֑וּר (*'Ashur*) refers to both the person, Asshur, and the region of Assyria. As a proper noun, it signifies the origin of the Assyrians, who were descendants of Shem. The parsing indicates that it is a noun, specifically a proper noun, and its frequent use in historical contexts emphasizes its importance in biblical genealogies.
Asshur is noted for establishing cities, which underscores his role in the early formation of civilizations. The name itself is often associated with strength and success, reflecting the character of the Assyrian Empire that would rise from this lineage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יָצָ֣א, he went forth, which governs the entire sentence. This is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the origin, a noun phrase specifying the destination, and another clause that details the action taken in Assyria.
The structure emphasizes the sequence of actions: Asshur departs from one location and arrives at another, where he undertakes a significant act of building. This flow reflects the narrative style of genealogical accounts.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אַשּׁ֑וּר as ασσουρ, maintaining the name's identity while adapting it to Greek phonetics. This choice shows a direct connection to the historical figure and region, preserving the cultural significance.
The Greek term for Nineveh is νινευη, which aligns with the Hebrew, indicating a consistent understanding of the city's importance across translations.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:11 tells us that Asshur left his homeland and went into Assyria, where he built significant cities like Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah. This reflects the growth of civilization after the flood and the establishment of important urban centers.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Building Nineveh signifies the establishment of a major city that would become the capital of the Assyrian Empire, highlighting the growth of urban life.
Asshur is significant as an ancestor of the Assyrians, representing a branch of Noah's descendants that contributed to the development of ancient civilizations.
The cities built by Asshur, such as Nineveh and Rehoboth-Ir, reflect the expansion and influence of the Assyrian culture and power in the ancient Near East.
This verse connects to the themes of human expansion and civilization development post-flood, illustrating the fulfillment of God's command to populate the earth.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from Asshur's actions about leadership and building communities?
- How does the establishment of cities in ancient times compare to modern urban development?
- In what ways does this verse reflect the fulfillment of God's promise to Noah and his descendants?
- How can we apply the lessons of growth and establishment in our own lives and communities?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Jerome and Bede reference this verse to discuss the significance of Asshur and the cities he built, illustrating the historical context of Assyria's rise.
From that land came Assur, and he built Nineveh and the city of Rehoboth. From this land of the Assyrians, the empire sprouted, founded by Ninus, son of Belus, and it is a great city which the Hebrews call Nineveh.Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
From that land came forth Asshur, and he built Nineveh and the streets of the city. From that land, from the land of Shinar it is said, from which the empire of the Assyrians sprang up,Early Church Fathers on Genesis 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleOut of that land went forth Ashur,.... It is a question whether Ashur is the name of a man or of a country; some take it in the latter sense, and render the words, "and out of that land he went forth
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryOut of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, Out of that land went forth Asshur.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleAsshur; a man so called: either, 1. Asshur the son of Shem, who forsook the land, either being forced by or weary of Nimrod’ s tyranny and impiety, and erected another kingdom. But it is not probable either that Moses would here relate an exploit of a man whose birth is not mentioned till , or that one single son of Shem would be here disorderly placed among the sons of Ham. Or, 2. Another Asshur of Ham’ s race. But it seems most likely that Asshur is the name of a place or country, even of Assyria, which in the Hebrew is called Asshur; and that the words should be thus rendered, he, i.e. Nimrod, went forth out of his own land to Asshur, to war against it, and add it to his empire; for to…
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:11 Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,Ver. 11. Out of that land went forth Asshur.] Either because wickedness dwelt there, for Asshur was a son of Shem, and might have so much goodness in him; or else he was hunted thence by Nimrod, who made himself the first monarch, and had Babel, in the land of Shinar, or Chaldea, for the beginning of his kingdom.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11, 12) Out of that land went forth Asshur.—So the LXX., Syriac, and Vulg.; but the Targum and most modern authorities rightly translate, “Out of that land he went forth into Assyria.” We have here nothing to do with Asshur the son of Shem (see Genesis 10:22), but are occupied with Nimrod and the Hamites, who, after firmly establishing themselves in Babylonia, subsequently extended their influence northward. This is confirmed by the cuneiform inscriptions, which prove that the southern portion of Mesopotamia was the chief seat of the Accadians, while in Assyria they came at an early date into collision with the Shemites, who drove them back, and ultimately subjugated them everywhere. It is…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. Out of that land went forth Asshur] The marginal reading is to be preferred here. He - Nimrod, went out into Assyria and built Nineveh; and hence Assyria is called the land of Nimrod, Micah 5:6. Thus did this mighty hunter extend his dominions in every possible way. The city of Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, is supposed to have had its name from Ninus, the son of Nimrod; but probably Ninus and Nimrod are the same person. This city, which made so conspicuous a figure in the history of the world, is now called Mossul; it is an inconsiderable place, built out of the ruins of the ancient Nineveh. Rehoboth, and Calah, c.] Nothing certain is known concerning the situation of these…
Read AdamClarke on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. Out of that land, &c.] This verse preserves an historical tradition: (1) that the cities of Assyria were of later origin than those of Babylonia; (2) that they owed their existence to the development of the Babylonian power in a northerly direction; whether by conquest or by colonization we cannot tell. into Assyria] or “Asshur.” There is no difference in the Hebrew between the name of the country and that of its first capital (see Genesis 2:14). The city Asshur was distant about 300 miles from Babylon. The rendering of the R.V. marg. = A.V. went forth Asshur has no probability, though it has the support of LXX, Vulg., and Targ. Onk. Nineveh] Assyr. Nina, the modern Kouyunjik, situated…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11, 12. Went forth Asshur — Rather, [Nimrod] went forth to Asshur [Assyria.] So reads the margin, after the Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan; (so Baumgarten, De Wette, A.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
From that land he went forth into Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,
Out of that land he went into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah,
From that land he went forth into Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,
From that land he went to Assyria, where he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,
Tyndale line
Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
Out of that land he went forth into Assyria, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah,
Out of that land he went forth into Assyria, and builded Nineveh, and Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah,
Out of that land went forth Ashur, and built Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah,
Out of that land came Asshur, and builded Niniueh, and the citie Rehoboth, and Calah:
Strictly literal
From that land went out Asshur, and built Nineveh, and Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah,
from that land he hath gone out to Asshur, and buildeth Nineveh, even the broad places of the city, and Calah,
from that land he has gone out to Asshur, and builds Nineveh, even the broad places of the city, and Calah,
Out of that land went forth Asshur, and built Nineveh, and the city of Rechoboth, and Calach.
Out of that land he went to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah,
From the Latin
Out of that land came forth Assur, and built Ninive, and the streets of the city, and Chale.
Simplified
From there he moved into Assyria and built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,
From that land he went out into Assyria, building Nineveh with its wide streets and Calah,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Samaritan Pentateuch agree on the core elements of the verse, although the Samaritan Pentateuch uses different wording for 'that' and 'Rehoboth Ir'. These differences do not alter the fundamental meaning of the text.
מִן־ הָאָ֥רֶץ הַהִ֖וא יָצָ֣א אַשּׁ֑וּר וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־ נִ֣ינְוֵ֔ה וְאֶת־ רְחֹבֹ֥ת עִ֖יר וְאֶת־ כָּֽלַח׃
9 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
מן הארץ ההיא יצא אשׁור ויבן את נינוה ואת רחבות עיר ואת כלח
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: היא (she), רחבות עיר (Rehoboth Ir)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word מִן־ (*min*) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' indicating separation or origin. It covers various uses, including temporal references, comparisons, and causal relationships. Additionally, it can denote a portion when used as a noun מֵן (*men*). The entries highlight its versatility in expressing different nuances of separation and position.
מִן־, and מִ, before יְ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not
with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal
from, against
מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from
of position, off, on the side of, on
Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex
Partitively
Of time—
as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since
as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after
towards, to
(וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to
In comparisons, beyond, above
מן is prefixed to an infin.:
with causal force, from, on account of, through
after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.
with a temporal force, since, after
Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that
In compounds:
base
H4480a מִן־, מִ, prep. expressing the idea of separation, hence out of, from, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not . with verbs expressing (or implying) separation or removal . from, against
. מן also, without a verb of similar significance, sometimes expresses the idea of separation, away from, far from
. of position, off, on the side of, on
. Out of, Gk. ἐκ, Lat. ex
. Partitively
. Of time— . as marking the terminus a quo, the anterior limit of a continuous period from, since
. as marking the period immediately succeeding the limit after
. towards, to
. (וְעַד) עַד … מִן from … even to
. In comparisons, beyond, above
. מן is prefixed to an infin.: . with causal force, from, on account of, through
. after verbs implying restraint, prevention, cessation, etc.
. with a temporal force, since, after
. Once as a conj. before a finite verb. that
4480 min min
or minniy {min-nee'}; or minney (constructive plural)
{min-nay'}; (Isaiah 30:11); for 4482; properly, a part of;
hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses (as
follows):--above, after, among, at, because of, by (reason
of), from (among), in, X neither, X nor, (out) of, over,
since, X then, through, X whether, with.
see HEBREW for 04482
מִן־ (min) — from.
prep
1) from, out of, on account of, off, on the side of, since, above, than, so that not, more than
1a) from (expressing separation), off, on the side of
1b) out of
1b1) (with verbs of proceeding, removing, expelling)
1b2) (of material from which something is made)
1b3) (of source or origin)
1c) out of, some of, from (partitively)
1d) from, since, after (of time)
1e) than, more than (in comparison)
1f) from...even to, both...and, either...or
1g) than, more than, too much for (in comparisons)
1h) from, on account of, through, because (with infinitive)
conj
2) that
Aramaic equivalent: min (מִן־ "from" H4481)
מֵן (men) — portion.
n.m.
portion
Prep — PrepositionHR
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
((1) 'erets;
(2) 'adhamah;
(3) sadheh,
"a piece of land";
(4) ge, "earth";
(5) agros, "field";
(6) chora, "region";
(7) chorion, diminutive of chora;
(8) xeros, "dry land";
(9) 'ezrach, "native" the King James Version "born in the land," "born among you," the Revised Version (British and American) "home-born" (Le 19:34; 14:16; Nu 15:30); "like a green tree in its native soil" (Ps 37:35)):
→ Appeared on the third creative day Ge 1:9
→ Original title to, from God Ge 13:14-17; 15:7; Ex 23:31; Le 25:23
→ Bought and sold Ge 23:3-18; 33:19; Ac 4:34; 5:1-8
→ Sale and redemption of, laws concerning Le 25:15,16,23-33; 27:17-24; Nu 36:4; Jer 32:7-16,25,44; Eze 46:18
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
Art | Pron — Particle · pronounHTd/Pp3fs
יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.
יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out
Qal
go or come out or forth
from (מִן) a place
go forth from (the presence of) a person
in technical senses
of flight, involving escape
depart
of inanimate things
with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
of children as going forth from loins (of father)
go forth to a place
go forward, proceed to or toward something
come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
of combinations
Hiph.
cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
bring out animals
inanimate obj.
fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
Hoph. be brought forth
base
H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place
. go forth from (the presence of) a person
. in technical senses
. of flight, involving escape
. depart
. of inanimate things
. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source
. of children as going forth from loins (of father)
. . go forth to a place
. go forward, proceed to or toward something
. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result
. of combinations
. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.
. bring out animals
. inanimate obj.
. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)
. be brought forth
3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'
a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great
variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct
and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X
begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come
(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,
depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,
fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,
out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),
going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,
lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X
scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring
out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any
time, X to (and fro), utter.
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.
: come/go_out/escape
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth
יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.
: send/take_out/release
1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart
1a2) to go forth (to a place)
1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)
1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)
1a5) to come out of
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out
1b2) to bring out of
1b3) to lead out
1b4) to deliver
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
forth: "Forth," adverb (from "for"), signifies movement
(1) forward,
(2) out of,
(3) beyond a certain boundary.
In a few instances in the Old Testament it is the translation of the preposition `al, properly "above," "upon" (2Ki 11:15; 2Ch 23:14; Am 7:17 the King James Version), and of chuts, "without" (Ge 39:13; Jud 19:25). "Forth" is often used as an expletive of various verbs, as "break (forth)," "bring (forth)," "call (forth)," etc. In the Gospel of John it is the translation of exo, "without," as "Lazarus, come forth" (11:43; so 15:6; 19:4 the King James Version…
אַשּׁוּר (Ashshuwr) refers to Assyria, the ancient empire and its people, as well as Asshur, the second son of Shem. The term encompasses the region, the nation, and the descendants of Asshur. It is linked to the notion of success and is first mentioned in Genesis 10:22.
אַשּׁוּר n.pr.gent. & terr. Asshur, Assyria
base
H804 אַשּׁוּר Asshur, Assyria
804 'Ashshuwr ash-shoor'
or iAshshur {ash-shoor'}; apparently from 833 (in the sense
of successful); Ashshur, the second son of Shem; also his
descendants and the country occupied by them (i.e. Assyria),
its region and its empire:--Asshur, Assur, Assyria,
Assyrians. See 838.
see HEBREW for 0833
see HEBREW for 0838
אַשּׁוּר (ash.shur) — Assyria.
§ Asshur or Assyria = "a step"
the nation, Assyria
the land, Assyria or Asshur
אַשּׁוּר (ash.shur) — Asshur.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.22;
son of: Shem (H8035);
brother of: Elam (H5867C), Arpachshad (H0775), Lud (H3865) and Aram (H0758)
§ Asshur or Assyria = "a step"
1) the second son of Shem, eponymous ancestor of the Assyrians
2) the people of Assyria
3) the nation, Assyria
4) the land, Assyria or Asshur
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
a-sir'-i-a:
I. GEOGRAPHY
II. EARLY HISTORY
III. CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS
IV. POPULATION
V. TRADE AND LAW
VI. ART
VII. MECHANICS
VIII. FURNITURE, POTTERY AND EMBROIDERY
IX. LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND SCIENCE
X. GOVERNMENT AND ARMY
XI. RELIGION
XII. EXCAVATIONS
XIII. CHRONOLOGY
XIV. HISTORY
1. Early Period
2. The Older Empire
3. The Second Empire
4. Last Period and Fall of Empire
LITERATURE
Assyria, a Greek name formed from Asshur ('ashshur; 'Assour; Assyrian Assur): The primitive capital of the country.
I. Geography.
The origin of the city (now Kala'at Shergat), which was built on the western bank of the Tigris between the Upper and Lower Zab, went back to pre-Sem times, and the meaning of the name was forgotten (see Ge 2:14, where the Hiddekel or Tigris is said to flow on the eastern side of Asshur). To the North of the junction of the Tigris and Upper Zab…
Assyria
The name derived from the city Asshur on the Tigris, the original capital of the country, was originally a colony from Babylonia, and was ruled by viceroys from that kingdom. It was a mountainous region lying to the north of Babylonia, extending along the Tigris as far as to the high mountain range of Armenia, the Gordiaean or Carduchian mountains. It was founded in B.C. 1700 under Bel-kap-kapu, and became an independent and a conquering power, and shook off the yoke of its Babylonian masters. It subdued the whole of Northern Asia. The Assyrians were Semites (Gen. 10:22), but in process of time non-Semite tribes mingled with the inhabitants. They were a military people, the “Romans of the East.”
A celebrated country and empire, had its name from Ahur, or Assur, the second son of Shem, who settled in that region, Ge 10:22. In the Bible the name Assyria is employed in three different significations: namely, 1. Assyria ancient and proper lay east of the Tigris, between Armenia, Susiana, and Media, and appears to have comprehended the six provinces attributed to it by Ptolemy, namely, Arrapachis, Adiabene, Arbelis, (now Erbil,) Calachene, (Heb. Halah? 2Ki 17:6,) Apollonias, and Sittacne. It is the region which mostly comprises the modern Kurdistan and the pashalik of Mosul. Of these provinces, Adiabene was the most fertile and important; in it was situated Nineveh the capital; and the term Assyria, in its most narrow sense, seems sometimes to have meant only this province.…
country of Assur or Ashur
The Hebrew word בָּנָה (banah) means "to build" and encompasses various forms such as rebuilding, establishing, and making permanent. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of restored exiles. The entries indicate that it can also imply being built up, particularly in the context of a childless wife becoming a mother.
בָּנָה 373 vb. build
Qal build
Niph.
be built
be rebuilt
(fig.) of restored exiles, = established
established, made permanent
base
H1129 בָּנָה build .build
.. . be built
. be rebuilt
. . (fig.) of restored exiles, = established
. established, made permanent
1129 banah baw-naw'
a primitive root; to build (literally and
figuratively):--(begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make,
repair, set (up), X surely.
בָּנָה (ba.nah) — to build.
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild
1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built
1b2) to be rebuilt
1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)
1b4) established (made permanent)
1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
נִינְוֵה (Niynveh) refers to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria. The name is of foreign origin and is associated with the phrase 'abode of Ninus.' It is located on the east bank of the Tigris River, approximately 550 miles from its mouth and 250 miles north of Babylon.
נִינְוֵה n.pr.loc. Nineveh, capital of Assyria
base
H5210 נִינְוֵה Nineveh, capital of Assyria
5210 Niynveh nee-nev-ay'
of foreign origin; Nineveh, the capital of
Assyria:--Nineveh.
נִינְוֵה (nin.veh) — Nineveh.
§ Nineveh = "abode of Ninus"
capital of the ancient kingdom of Assyria; located on the east bank of the Tigris river, 550 miles (880 km) from its mouth and 250 miles (400 km) north of Babylon
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
nin'-e-ve (nineweh; Nineue, Nineui; Greek and Roman writers, Ninos): I. BEGINNINGS, NAME, POSITION
1. First Biblical Mention
2. Etymology of the Name
3. Position on the Tigris
II. NINEVEH AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
1. Its Walls
2. Principal Mounds and Gateways
3. Extent and Population within the Walls
4. Extent outside the Walls
5. Calah, Resen and Rehoboth-Ir
6. Khorsabad
7. Sherif Khan and Selamieh
8. Nimroud
III. PALACES AT NINEVEH PROPER
1. The Palace of Sennacherib
2. The Palace of Assur-bani-apli
IV. SENNACHERIB'S DESCRIPTION OF NINEVEH
1. The Walls
2. The Gates--Northwest
3. The Gates--South and East
4. The Gates--West
5. The Outer Wall: the Plantations
6. The Water-Supply, etc.
7. How the Bas-Reliefs Illustrate the King's Description
8. Nineveh the Later Capital
V. LAST DAYS AND FALL OF NINEVEH
LITERATURE
I. Beginnings, Name, Position.
1. First Biblical Mention:
Nineveh
First mentioned in Gen. 10:11, which is rendered in the Revised Version, “He [i.e., Nimrod] went forth into Assyria and builded Nineveh.” It is not again noticed till the days of Jonah, when it is described (Jonah 3:3; 4:11) as a great and populous city, the flourishing capital of the Assyrian empire (2 Kings 19:36; Isa. 37:37). The book of the prophet Nahum is almost exclusively taken up with prophetic denunciations against this city. Its ruin and utter desolation are foretold (Nah.1:14; 3:19, etc.). Zephaniah also (2:13-15) predicts its destruction along with the fall of the empire of which it was the capital.…
(abode of Ninus), the capital of the ancient kingdom and empire of Assyria. The name appears to be compounded from that of an Assyrian deity "Nin," corresponding, it is conjectured, with the Greek Hercules, and occurring in the names of several Assyrian kings, as in "Ninus," the mythic founder, according to Greek tradition of the city. Nineveh is situated on the eastern bank of the river Tigris, 50 miles from its mouth and 250 miles north of Babylon. It is first mentioned in the Old Testament in connection with the primitive dispersement and migrations of the human race. Asshur, or according to the marginal reading, which is generally preferred, Nimrod is there described, (Genesis 10:11) as extending his kingdom from the land of Shinar or Babylonia, in the south, to Assyria in the north and founding four cities, of which the most…
Dwelling of Ninus, the metropolis of ancient Assyria, called by the Greeks and Romans "the great Ninus;" situated on the east bank of the Tigris, opposite and below the modern Mosul. Its origin is traced to the times near the flood. See NIMROD. For nearly fifteen centuries afterwards it is not mentioned. In the books of Jonah, and Nahum it is described as an immense city, three days’ journey in circuit, containing more than one hundred and twenty thousand young children, or probably six hundred thousand souls. It contained "much cattle," and numerous parks, garden groves, etc. Its inhabitants were wealthy, warlike, and far advanced in civilization. It had numerous strongholds with gates and bars; and had multiplied its merchants above the stars: its crowned princes were as locusts, and its captains as grasshoppers. With this description agrees that of the historian Diodorus Siculus, who…
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
רְחֹבוֹת (Rechoboth) refers to 'wide places or streets' and is a plural form of another Hebrew word. It denotes several locations, including a city near Nineveh, a well dug by Isaac, and a home of an Edomite king. The entries highlight its geographical significance in both Assyria and Palestine.
רְחֹבוֹת n.pr.loc.
near Nineveh
name of well
home of a king of Edom
base
H7344 רְחֹבוֹת . near Nineveh
. name of well
. home of a king of Edom
7344 Rchobowth rekh-o-both'
or Rchoboth {rekh-o-both'}; plural of 7339; streets;
Rechoboth, a place in Assyria and one in Palestine:--
Rehoboth.
see HEBREW for 07339
רְחֹבוֹת (re.cho.vot) — Rehoboth.
§ Rehoboth = "wide places or streets"
the 3rd of a series of wells dug by Isaac in the territory of the Philistines
רְחֹבוֹת (re.cho.vot) — Rehoboth.
§ Rehoboth = "wide places or streets"
a city of Saul or Shaul, one of the early kings of the Edomites
רְחֹבוֹת (re.cho.vot) — Rehoboth.
Rehoboth = "wide places or streets"
one of the 4 cities built by Asshur or by Nimrod in Asshur located close to Nineveh
Another name of nin.veh (נִינְוֵה "Nineveh" H5210)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
re-ho'-both, re-ho'-both (rehobhoth, "broad places"; Euruchoria): One of the wells dug by Isaac (Ge 26:22). It is probably the Rubuta of the Tell el-Amarna Letters (Petrie, numbers 256, 260; see also The Expository Times, XI, 239 (Konig), 377 (Sayce)), and it is almost certainly identical with the ruin Ruchaibeh, 8 hours Southwest of Beersheba. Robinson (BR, I, 196-97) describes the ruins of the ancient city as thickly covering a "level tract of 10 to 12 acres in extent"; "many of the dwellings had each its cistern, cut in the solid rock"; "once this must have been a city of not less than 12,000 or 15,000 inhabitants. Now it is a perfect field of ruins, a scene of unutterable desolation, across which the passing stranger can with difficulty find his way." Huntington (Palestine and Its Transformation, 124) describes considerable…
Rehoboth
Broad places. (1.) A well in Gerar dug by Isaac (Gen. 26:22), supposed to be in Wady er-Ruheibeh, about 20 miles south of Beersheba.
(2.) An ancient city on the Euphrates (Gen. 36:37; 1 Chr. 1:48), “Rehoboth by the river.”
(3.) Named among the cities of Asshur (Gen. 10:11). Probably, however, the words “rehoboth’ir” are to be translated as in the Vulgate and the margin of A.V., “the streets of the city,” or rather “the public square of the city”, i.e., of Nineveh.
(wide places , i.e. streets). The third of the series of wells dug by Isaac, (Genesis 26:22) in the Philistines’ territory, lately identified as er-Ruheibeh , 16 miles south of Beersheba. One of the four cities built by Asshur, or by Nimrod in Asshur, according as this difficult passage is translated. (Genesis 10:11) Nothing certain is known of its position. The city of a certain Saul or Shaul, one of the early kings of the Edomites. (Genesis 36:37; 1 Chronicles 1:48) The affix "by the river" fixes the situation of Rehoboth as on the Euphrates.
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'Iyr*) refers to an individual named Ir, who was a man of the tribe of Benjamin mentioned in 1 Chronicles 7:12. The name is associated with the meaning "belonging to a city." The entries indicate that Ir is the son of Bela and the father of Huppim and Shuppim.
עִיר n.pr.m. in 1 Ch 7:12, txt. dub.
ref
H5893 עִיר
5893 `Iyr eer
the same as 5892; Ir, an Israelite:--Ir.
see HEBREW for 05892
עִיר (ir) — Ir.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of the Patriarchs, only mentioned at 1Ch.7.12;
father of: Shuppim (H8206), Huppim (H2650), Maacah (H4601M)
§ Ir = "belonging to a city"
son of Bela and father of Huppim and Shuppim
עִיר (ir) — (Rehoboth)-Ir .
Combined with re.cho.vot (רְחֹבוֹת "Rehoboth" H7344)
§ Ir = "belonging to a city"
son of Bela and father of Huppim and Shuppim
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(city). (1 Chronicles 7:12) [IRI]
watchman; city; vision
→ A Benjamite 1Ch 7:12
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
כֶּ֫לַח (Kelach) refers to a city in ancient Assyria, possibly modern-day Nimrud, located at the confluence of the Tigris and Zab rivers. The name may mean 'vigour.' The entries consistently identify it as a place of significance in Assyria.
[כֶּ֫לַח], כָּ֑לַח n.pr.loc. city in Assyria
base
H3625 כֶּ֫לַח, כָּ֑לַח city in Assyria
3625 Kelach keh'-lakh
the same as 3624; Kelach, a place in Assyria: -Calah.
see HEBREW for 03624
כֶּ֫לַח (ke.lach) — Calah.
§ Calah = "vigour"
one of the most ancient cities of Assyria; maybe modern 'Nimrud' located at the confluence of the Tigris and Zab rivers
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ka'-la (kalach; Chalach, also Chalak or Kalach; in Assyrian Kalhu, Kalha, Kalhi, Kalah): The name of one of the great cities of Nimrod (Ge 10:11), or rather, Asshur (text), which formed, with Nineveh, Resen between Calah and Nineveh, and Rehoboth-Ir (probably lying more to the North), Asshur's great fourfold capital. The meaning of the name is unknown, but if a Sumerian etymology be accepted, some such signification as "Holy Gate" (Ka-lah) or the like--a parallel to Ka-dingira = Bab-ili, "Gate of God" (see BABEL, BABYLON)--might be regarded as possible.
1. Date of the City's Foundation:
As Nineveh is mentioned by Hammurabi, who reigned about 2000 BC, it is clear that that city was already, in his time, an important place; and the passage in Ge 10:11 implies, though it does not…
Calah
One of the most ancient cities of Assyria. “Out of that land he [i.e., Nimrod] went forth into Assyria, and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, and Calah, and Resen” (Gen. 10:11, R.V.). Its site is now marked probably by the Nimrud ruins on the left bank of the Tigris. These cover an area of about 1,000 acres, and are second only in size and importance to the mass of ruins opposite Mosul. This city was at one time the capital of the empire, and was the residence of Sardanapalus and his successors down to the time of Sargon, who built a new capital, the modern Khorsabad. It has been conjectured that these four cities mentioned in Gen. 10:11 were afterwards all united into one and called Nineveh (q.v.).
(completion, old age), one of the most ancient cities of Assyria. (Genesis 10:11) The site of Calah is probably market by the Nimrud ruins. If this be regarded as ascertained, Calah must be considered to have been at one time (about B.C. 930-720) the capital of the empire.
A city of Assyria, built by Ashur or by Nimrod, Ge 10:11,12. It was at some distance from Nineveh, and Resen lay between them. It is thought to have been near the river Lycus, the great Zab, which empties into the Tigris.