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Hosea 2:11 — Word Study

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WLCוְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־ מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃

BSAher appointed feastsmôwʻêd [scheduled, sacred, festivals, gatherings]

Word
Listen & take awayHosea 2
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (mo.'a.Dah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Hosea 2:11quick helps
In a sentenceGod declares an end to Israel's joyful celebrations and appointed times.
Who is speakingThe LORD, speaking through the prophet Hosea.
Where we areA warning to Israel about the consequences of their unfaithfulness.
The hard wordוְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙
Take awayThe joyful gatherings are over; the appointed times will cease.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbכֵּן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Hosea 2:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Judgment on Israel's Unfaithfulnessgenerated

10And then I will expose her lewdness in the sight of her lovers, and no one will deliver her out of My hands.
11I will put an end to all her exultation: her feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths— all her appointed feasts.
12I will destroy her vines and fig trees, which she thinks are the wages paid by her lovers. So I will make them into a thicket, and the beasts of the field will devour them.
13I will punish her for the days of the Baals when she burned incense to them, when she decked herself with rings and jewelry, and went after her lovers. But Me she forgot,” declares the LORD.

Hosea 2:11 reveals God's intention to bring an end to the joyful celebrations of Israel, which include their feasts and Sabbaths. This declaration follows a series of warnings about the consequences of their unfaithfulness to Him. The context shows a pattern of judgment against Israel for their idolatry and turning away from God, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly in Hosea 2:10 and Hosea 2:12.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Hosea 9:1–5Do not rejoice, O Israel, with exultation like the nations, for you have played the harlot against your God; you have made love for hire on every threshing floor.
2Isaiah 24:7–11The new wine dries up, the vine withers. All the merrymakers now groan.
3Jeremiah 7:34I will remove from the cities of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem the sounds of joy and gladness and the voices of the bride and bridegroom, for the land will become a wasteland.”
4Jeremiah 16:9For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: I am going to remove from this place, before your very eyes and in your days, the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom.
5Jeremiah 25:10Moreover, I will banish from them the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙, ve.hish.ba.Tigenerated

The verb שָׁבַת (shabath) is in the Hiphil form, indicating causation — here, it means 'to cause to cease.' This word is often associated with the Sabbath and signifies a complete stop or rest, which is a central theme in the observance of holy days.

In this context, it emphasizes God's authority to end the celebrations that Israel had come to rely on, reflecting a broader theme of divine judgment and the consequences of turning away from God's commandments.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations agree on the meaning of the verse, with all rendering the key phrase as 'I will put an end to all her exultation.'

Each version captures the essence of God's judgment on Israel's celebrations, emphasizing the cessation of their feasts and Sabbaths.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the sentence is וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙, and I will put an end to, which governs multiple noun phrases that detail what is being ended: her gaiety, her feasts, her New Moons, her Sabbaths, and all her appointed feasts.

The structure emphasizes the totality of what God is addressing, with each noun phrase adding to the comprehensive nature of the judgment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ as τοῦτο, which suggests a more general statement of cessation rather than a specific act of stopping. This choice may indicate a broader interpretation of God's judgment.

The Greek word choice reflects a less direct correlation to the Hebrew concept of the Sabbath, focusing instead on the overall theme of ending celebrations.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Hosea 2:11 shows that God intends to stop all of Israel's joyful celebrations, including their feasts and Sabbaths. This is a part of God's judgment against Israel for their unfaithfulness, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God will put an end to her exultation?

It means that God will cease the joyful celebrations and festivals that Israel has been observing, indicating a serious consequence for their unfaithfulness.

Why are feasts and Sabbaths significant in this context?

Feasts and Sabbaths are important religious observances in Israel, representing times of worship and community. Their cessation signifies a loss of connection with God.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Hosea?

This verse reflects the broader themes of judgment and restoration found throughout Hosea, where Israel's infidelity leads to divine consequences.

What can we learn from God's judgment on Israel's celebrations?

We can learn about the seriousness of faithfulness to God and the consequences of turning away from His commandments.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways I can ensure that my celebrations honor God?
  2. How can I reflect on my own faithfulness in light of God's expectations?
  3. In what areas of my life might I need to cease activities that do not please God?
  4. How can I cultivate a deeper understanding of the significance of rest and worship in my life?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Hosea 2:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I will also cause all her mirth to cease,.... As it must in course, this being her case, as before described, whether considered in individuals, or as a body politic, or in their church state, as

Read John Gill on Hosea 2 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 2 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

I will also cause all her mirth to cease; the jollity of Israel was certainly damped when Tiglath-pileser took Ijon, and other cities, and captivated Naphtali, , which was some, yet but few, years after this prophecy: but sure all their joy ceased about ten or twelve years after, when Samaria was taken, and Hoshea and all Israel made captives: so the threat was executed in this sense. But the prophet speaks (as by what follows appeareth) of their sacred or religious joys, which God will abolish. He did not set them up, but he will pull them down. Her feast days: though apostate Israel was fallen to idolatry, and renounced the true worship of God, yet by this text it appears they retained…

Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 2 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Hosea 2:11 I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.Ver. 11. I will also cause her mirth to cease] Idolaters are frolic and jovial, the greatest mirth mongers, the merry Greeks of the world; set altogether upon the merry pin, they spend their days in pleasure, and suddenly turn into hell, Job 21:13. Thus it was with these old idolaters. See Amos 6:4. And thus it is with the Papists at this day. They have a proverb among them, Spiritns Calvinianus est spiritus melancholicus, A Calvinistic spirit is a melancholy spirit. Turn Protestant once, and you must for ever bid adieu to mirth and jollity, and lead a monkish…

Read John Trapp on Hosea 2 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) Mirth . . . Cease.—The mirth is here indicative of the general character of the ceremonial—certainly not in itself a bad sign. David danced before the Lord, and justified the act. No one was to appear with sad countenance before Jehovah, any more than before an earthly potentate. (Comp. Nehemiah 2:2.) The “feast days” are to be distinguished from the “solemn feasts.” The latter term is more generic in Hebrew, while the former denoted the three great festivals of the year (especially the Feast of Tabernacles). These feasts, which Jeroboam I. had instituted, are not spoken of in themselves as sinful.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 2 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Her feast days] Jerusalem shall be pillaged and destroyed; and therefore all her joyous assemblies, and religious feasts, &c., shall cease.

Read AdamClarke on Hosea 2 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths] (The Hebrew has the singular, ‘her feast-day’ &c.) These expressions are remarkable, for Hosea is a prophet of northern Israel. It would appear, then, that the separation of north and south did not involve a discontinuance of the festivals in the north (see Hosea 9:5). Amos had already predicted the ruin of the ‘feasts’ in N. Israel (Amos 8:10). In addition to the ‘feasts’ which are doubtless those mentioned in the earliest body of legislation (Exodus 23:14, &c., Exodus 34:18, &c.), Hosea specifies the new moon and the sabbath (comp. 2 Kings 4:23) as passing away together with the national independence. This was not strictly speaking the…

Read Cambridge on Hosea 2 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I will also cause her mirth to cease, her feast days ... - Israel had forsaken the temple of God; despised His priests; received from Jeroboam others whom God had not chosen; altered, at least, one

Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 2 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I will put an end to all her exultation: her feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths— all her appointed feasts.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I will also cause all her celebrations to cease: her feasts, her new moons, her Sabbaths, and all her solemn assemblies.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I will put an end to all her exultation: her feasts, New Moons, and Sabbaths—all her appointed feasts.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I will put an end to all her celebration: her annual religious festivals, monthly new moon celebrations, and weekly Sabbath festivities – all her appointed festivals.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feasts, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn assemblies.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feasts, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn assemblies.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I will also cause all her mirth to cease, her feast daies, her newe moones, and her Sabbathes, and all her solemne feasts.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And I will cause all her mirth to cease: her feasts, her new moons, and her sabbaths! and all her solemnities.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And I have caused to cease all her joy, Her festival, her new moon, and her sabbath, Even all her appointed times,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And I have caused all her joy to cease, || Her festival, her new moon, and her Sabbath, || Even all her appointed times,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(2:13) And I will cause to cease all her mirth, her festival, her new-moon, and her sabbath, and all her appointed feasts.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I will also cause all her celebrations to cease— her feasts, her new moon celebrations, her Sabbaths, and all her appointed festivals.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And I will cause all her mirth to cease, her solemnities, her new moons, her sabbaths, and all her festival times.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I will put a stop to all her festivities: her feasts, new moon celebrations, special Sabbaths—all her festivals.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And I will put an end to all her joy, her feasts, her new moons, and her Sabbaths, and all her regular meetings.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙I.will.put.an.end.tonoun phrase · objectnoun phraseכָּלallnoun phraseמְשׂוֹשָׂ֔joyהּhernoun phrasenoun phrasenoun phraseחַגָּ֖festival[s]הּhernoun phraseחָדְשָׁ֣moon[s]הּher.newוְandnoun phraseשַׁבַּתָּ֑sabbath[s]הּherוְandnoun phraseכֹ֖לeverynoun phraseמוֹעֲדָֽfeastהּher.appointed

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of the verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct correspondence to the Hebrew text. There are no significant variations between these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־ מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙τοῦτοכָּל־ἐπιστρέψωמְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּκομιοῦμαιחַגָּ֖הּμουחָדְשָׁ֣הּὥρανוְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּκαὶוְכֹ֖לἐνמוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃αὐτοῦ

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Hosea 2:11שָׁבַתand I will and I will put שָׁבַתכֹּלallallכֹּלמָשׂוֹשׂgaiety hergaiety herמָשׂוֹשׂחַגfestival[s]festival[s] herחַגחֹ֫דֶשׁnew moon[s]new moon[s] herחֹ֫דֶשׁשַׁבָּתand sabbathand sabbath[s] שַׁבָּתכֹּלand everyand everyכֹּלמוֹעֵדappointed fappointed feastמוֹעֵדכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלחָגַגto celebrato celebrateחָגַגשׂוּשׂto rejoiceto rejoiceשׂוּשׂחָדַשׁto renewto renewחָדַשׁשָׁבַתto ceaseto ceaseשָׁבַתיָעַדto appointto appointיָעַדעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהמָשׂוֹשׂrejoicingrejoicingמָשׂוֹשׂגָּאוֹןprideprideגָּאוֹןעַלִּיזjubilantjubilantעַלִּיזשָׁאוֹןroarroarשָׁאוֹןשָׁבוּעַweekweekשָׁבוּעַשְׁבִיעִיseventhseventhשְׁבִיעִיחָלַלto boreto boreחָלַלאֹ֫הֶלtenttentאֹ֫הֶלפֶּ֫תַחentranceentranceפֶּ֫תַח
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Hosea 2:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ve.hish.ba.Ti and I will put an end to H7673 Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singular
71× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To keep the Sabbath means to rest and stop working, as commanded by God in the book of Exodus. This Hebrew word is used to describe the act of observing the Sabbath day, and is an important part of Jewish tradition and worship.
Tyndale gloss
to cease
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁבַת (shabath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or rest, often in the context of stopping work. It can also imply causing something to cease or fail, and is associated with observing the Sabbath. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, covering a range of meanings from simple cessation to destruction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁבַת 71 vb. cease, desist, rest

Qal 27

cease

desist from labour, rest

Niph. cease

Hiph.

40 cause to cease, put an end to

= exterminate, destroy

cause to desist from

remove

cause to fail, let be lacking

base

[שָׁבַת] vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7673a שָׁבַת cease, desist, rest .. cease

. desist from labour, rest

. cease

. . cause to cease, put an end to

. = exterminate, destroy

. cause to desist from

. remove

. cause to fail, let be lacking

H7673b שָׁבַת vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7673 shabath shaw-bath'

a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used

in many implied relations (causative, figurative or

specific):--(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause

(make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave,

put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to cease.

1) to cease, desist, rest

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cease

1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)

1b) (Niphal) to cease

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to

1c2) to exterminate, destroy

1c3) to cause to desist from

1c4) to remove

1c5) to cause to fail

שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to keep.

(Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Hc/Vhq1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singular
Hc/Vhq1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

qets, 'ephec, kalah; telos, sunteleo:

The end of anything is its termination, hence, also, final object or purpose.

It is the translation of several Hebrew and Greek words, chiefly in the Old Testament of qets (properly, "a cutting off") and other words from the same root (Ge 6:13, "The end of all flesh is come before me"); 'acharith, "hinder part," is also frequently translated "end" (De 11:12; Ps 37:37,38, American Revised Version: "There is a happy end to the man of peace .... The end of the wicked shall be cut off"; the English Revised Version "latter end" (Ps 37:37), margin "reward" or "future posterity"; Ps 73:17

Easton's Bible Dictionary

End

In Heb. 13:7, is the rendering of the unusual Greek word ekbasin, meaning “outcome”, i.e., death. It occurs only elsewhere in 1 Cor. 10:13, where it is rendered “escape.”

and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּme.so.Sah gaiety her H4885 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a feeling of great joy or delight, like the rejoicing in Psalm 16:11. It's about being happy and celebrating something good. In the Bible, it often describes a positive emotional state.
Tyndale gloss
rejoicing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָשׂוֹשׂ (masows) refers to exultation or joy, encompassing both the feeling of delight and its causes. It is derived from the root word for joy, שָׂשׂוֹן (shason). The term is used in contexts related to rejoicing and mirth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָשׂוֹשׂ n.m. id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4885 מָשׂוֹשׂ id. [שָׂשׂוֹן];—exultation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4885 masows maw-soce'

from 7797; delight, concretely (the cause or object) or

abstractly (the feeling):--joy, mirth, rejoice.

see HEBREW for 07797

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָשׂוֹשׂ (ma.s.vo.s) — rejoicing.

exultation, joy, rejoicing

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3fs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3fs
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
חַגָּ֖הּcha.Gah festival[s] her H2282 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
62× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A festival or feast is what this Hebrew word describes. It is used in Leviticus 23:2 to describe the festivals of the Lord. The word implies a time of celebration or sacrifice.
Tyndale gloss
feast
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חַג (chag) refers to a festival or feast, often associated with a gathering or pilgrimage. It can denote both a celebratory occasion and the sacrifices made during such festivals. The term is linked to the root word for a solemn feast day or sacrifice, indicating its significance in religious contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חַג n.m. festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast

  feast

festival sacrifice

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2282 חַג festival-gathering, feast, pilgrim-feast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2282 chag khag

or chag {khawg}; from 2287; a festival, or a victim

therefor:--(solemn) feast (day), sacrifice, solemnity.

see HEBREW for 02287

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חַג (chag) — feast.

1) festival, feast, festival-gathering, pilgrim-feast

1a) feast

1b) festival sacrifice

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3fs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3fs
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
חָדְשָׁ֣הּcha.de.Shah new moon[s] her H2320 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
285× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew term for month, specifically referring to the new moon and the lunar cycle, as described in the book of Exodus and the festivals of Israel. It marks the beginning of a new month in the Hebrew calendar.
Tyndale gloss
month
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹ֫דֶשׁ (chodesh) refers to the concept of newness, specifically the new moon and the month. It denotes both the lunar month and the first day of that month. The entries consistently emphasize its connection to timekeeping in the Hebrew calendar.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֹ֫דֶשׁ 282 n.m. (newness), new moon, month

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2320 חֹ֫דֶשׁ (newness), new moon, month

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2320 chodesh kho'-desh

from 2318; the new moon; by implication, a

month:--month(-ly), new moon.

see HEBREW for 02318

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month.

: month

1) the new moon, month, monthly

1a) the first day of the month

1b) the lunar month

חֹ֫דֶשׁ (cho.desh) — month: new moon.

: new_moon

1) the new moon, month, monthly

1a) the first day of the month

1b) the lunar month

Also means: cho.desh (חֹ֫דֶשׁ ": month" H2320)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3fs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3fs
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּve.shab.ba.Tah and sabbath[s] her H7676 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
111× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, as commanded by God in Exodus 20:8-11 and observed by the Israelites. It is a special day set apart for spiritual renewal and reflection, as Jesus taught in Matthew 12:1-14.
Tyndale gloss
Sabbath
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׁבָּת (shabbath) refers to the Sabbath, a day of rest observed weekly, as well as the Day of Atonement and the sabbath year. It may also denote a week or the produce that grows during the sabbath year. The word is derived from a root meaning 'intermission.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׁבָּת 111 n.f. and m. Sabbath

sabbath

day of atonement

sabbath year

= week (?)

= produce in sabbath year (growing of itself)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7676 שַׁבָּת Sabbath . sabbath

. day of atonement

. sabbath year

. = week (?)

. = produce in sabbath year (growing of itself)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7676 shabbath shab-bawth'

intensive from 7673; intermission, i.e (specifically) the

Sabbath:--(+ every) sabbath.

see HEBREW for 07673

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׁבָּת (shab.bat) — Sabbath.

Sabbath

1a) sabbath

1b) day of atonement

1c) sabbath year

1d) week

1e) produce (in sabbath year)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncfsc/Sp3fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncfsc/Sp3fs
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
וְכֹ֖לve.Khol and every H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and I will put an end to all gaiety her festival[s] her new moon[s] her and sabbath[s] her and every appointed feast her
מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃mo.'a.Dah appointed feast her H4150 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
223× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a meeting or appointed time, often for a sacred season or festival, like the tent of meeting in Exodus. It can also mean an assembly or congregation. In the Bible, it is used to describe the Israelites' gatherings and celebrations.
Amplified meaning
scheduled, sacred, festivals, gatherings
Tyndale gloss
meeting
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוֹעֵד (mo'ed) refers to an appointed time, place, or meeting, often associated with festivals and sacred seasons. It can denote a specific appointment or assembly, and is linked to the concept of a tent of meeting. The word is derived from a root meaning to appoint, and encompasses a range of meanings related to scheduled gatherings and designated locations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוֹעֵד 223 n.m. appointed time, place, meeting

appointed time

appointed meeting

appointed place

appointed sign, signal

tent of meeting

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4150 מוֹעֵד appointed time, place, meeting . appointed time

. appointed meeting

. appointed place

. appointed sign, signal

. tent of meeting

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4150 mow`ed mo-ade'

or moled {mo-ade'}; or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles

8:13) {mo-aw-daw'}; from 3259; properly, an appointment, i.e.

a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival;

conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as

convened for a definite purpose); technically the

congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a

signal (as appointed beforehand):--appointed (sign, time),

(place of, solemn) assembly, congregation, (set, solemn)

feast, (appointed, due) season, solemn(-ity), synogogue, (set)

time (appointed).

see HEBREW for 03259

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: time appointed.

: time_appointed

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: festival.

: festival

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting.

: meeting

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: signal appointed.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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