Isaiah 29:19 — Word Study
WLCוְיָסְפ֧וּ עֲנָוִ֛ים בַּֽיהוָ֖ה שִׂמְחָ֑ה וְאֶבְיוֹנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יָגִֽילוּ׃
BSAThe humbleʻânâv [meek] will increaseyâçaph [add to, continue] [their] joysimchâh [gladness, celebration] in the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God] and the poorʼebyôwn [needy, oppressed] among menʼâdâm [humanity, the descendants of Adam] will rejoicegîyl▸ [be glad, express strong emotions] in the Holy Oneqâdôwsh [set apart, sacred] of IsraelYisrâʼêl [the symbolic name of Jacob, referring to his descendants]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיָסְפ֧וּ | and they will add | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| עֲנָוִ֛ים | humble [people] | Adj |
| בַּֽיהוָ֖ה | in Yahweh | Preposition, noun proper |
| שִׂמְחָ֑ה | joy | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְאֶבְיוֹנֵ֣י | and needy [people] of | Conjunction |
| אָדָ֔ם | humankind | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ | in [the] holy [one] of | Preposition |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | Israel | Noun proper |
| יָגִֽילוּ׃ | they will be glad | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The humble will increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. |
| KJV | The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. |
| ASV | The meek also shall increase their joy in Jehovah, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. |
| YLT | And the humble have added joy in Jehovah, And the poor among men In the Holy One of Israel rejoice. |
| WEB | The humble also will increase their joy in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. |
| BBE | And the poor will have their joy in the Lord increased, and those in need will be glad in the Holy One of Israel. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of יָגִֽילוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of two main clauses connected by 'and', with additional prepositional phrases providing context.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectעָנָו
verbוְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 29:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Promise of Joygenerated
Isaiah 29:19 speaks of a time when the humble and needy will experience joy in the LORD. This verse contrasts the plight of the oppressed with the joy that comes from a relationship with God. It follows a description of miraculous events, suggesting a transformation for those who are lowly and in need, as seen in the broader context of Isaiah 29:18 and Isaiah 29:20.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 61:1 | The Spirit of the Lord GOD is on Me, because the LORD has anointed Me to preach good news to the poor. He has sent Me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives and freedom to the prisoners, |
| 2 | Psalm 25:9 | He guides the humble in what is right and teaches them His way. |
| 3 | Psalm 37:11 | But the meek will inherit the land and delight in abundant prosperity. |
| 4 | Psalm 149:4 | For the LORD takes pleasure in His people; He adorns the afflicted with salvation. |
| 5 | Zephaniah 2:3 | Seek the LORD, all you humble of the earth who carry out His justice. Seek righteousness; seek humility. Perhaps you will be sheltered on the day of the LORD’s anger. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 30 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֲנָוִ֛ים, 'a.na.Vimgenerated
The word עֲנָוִ֛ים ('a.na.Vim) is derived from the root that conveys a sense of being humble, afflicted, or meek. It describes those who are lowly in spirit or circumstance, often depending on God for help. This word emphasizes a state of humility and neediness, which is significant in the context of receiving joy from the LORD.
In this verse, the humble are promised an increase in joy, indicating that their lowly status does not hinder their relationship with God. Instead, it is their humility that opens the door to divine joy and celebration.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we refer to the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), which uses the term humble for עֲנָוִ֛ים.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יָסְפ֧וּ (they will add) governs the main clause, indicating that the humble will increase their joy. The sentence is structured with a subject, followed by a prepositional phrase that specifies where this joy is found.
The structure emphasizes the connection between humility and joy, with the humble as the subject receiving the action of the verb. The word order reflects Hebrew syntax, where the verb precedes the subject, highlighting the action of adding joy.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֲנָוִ֛ים as πτωξοὶ (ptōchoi), which means 'the poor' or 'the needy.' This choice broadens the interpretation, emphasizing not just the humble but those in financial or social need.
The Greek translation of יָגִֽילוּ as ἀπηλπισμένοι (apēlpismenoi) suggests a sense of hopefulness in the context of their rejoicing, indicating that their joy arises from a deep reliance on God.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 29:19 tells us that the humble will find joy in the LORD, and the poor among humanity will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel. This verse highlights the promise of joy for those who are lowly and in need, emphasizing their relationship with God.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To be humble refers to a state of being lowly or meek, recognizing one's need for God.
Joy is promised to those who are humble, suggesting that true happiness comes from dependence on God.
The Holy One of Israel refers to God, emphasizing His sacredness and the special relationship with His people.
The poor represent those in need, highlighting that God's joy is available to all who recognize their dependence on Him.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I cultivate humility in my own life?
- How can I find joy in my relationship with God, especially during difficult times?
- What does it mean to me to be considered among the humble or needy?
- How can I support and uplift those who are struggling in my community?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 29:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe meek also shall increase [their] joy in the Lord,.... The "meek", lowly, and humble, are such who are made sensible of sin, and become humble under a sense of it; who see the insufficiency of
Read John Gill on Isaiah 29 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 29 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe meek; the humble and meek believers, opposed to those proud and scornful Israelites or Jews, of whom he speaks in this and in the foregoing chapter. Shall increase their joy in the Lord; shall greatly rejoice in this, that the Lord and Holy One of Israel is now their God and portion. The poor; either, 1. Spiritually, of which . Or, 2. Outwardly, mean and despicable people, such as the Gentiles were in the opinion of the Jews, and such as the greatest part of the first believing Christians were, .
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 29 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 29:19 The meek also shall increase [their] joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.Ver. 19. The meek also shall increase their joy in the Lord.] All sincere converts, such especially as have mastered and mortified their unruly passions and are cured of the fret, these shall add joy; these shall have joy upon joy, they shall "overabound exceedingly with joy." The poor among men.] The poor in spirit. These shall greatly rejoice, both for the mercy of God to themselves, and for the justice of God exercised upon others.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 29 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) The meek also shall increase their joy in the Lord.—A new element enters into the ideal restoration of the future. Men had been weary of the name of the Holy One of Israel (Isaiah 30:11). In that better time it should be the source of joy and peace for the poor and the lowly, on whom Isaiah looked with all the yearnings of a prophet’s sympathy.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 29 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. The meek and poor (as in the Psalms) are the oppressed and down-trodden lower orders, as contrasted with the irreligious upper class (Isaiah 29:20 f.). They have now no hope but in Jehovah; then they shall obtain fresh joy in Him, because He has delivered them.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 29 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe meek - The word ‘meek’ usually refers to those who are patient in the reception of injuries, but the Hebrew word used here (ענוים ‛ănâviym) means properly the oppressed, the afflicted, the
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 29 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible18, 19. That day — The period of moral changes to be wrought by Jehovah, mentioned in the preceding verse. The revolution is to be complete. Hinderances to teaching the law, through blind leaders, shall be removed.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 29 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The humble will increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The humble also will increase their joy in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The humble will increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The downtrodden will again rejoice in the Lord; the poor among humankind will take delight in the Holy One of Israel.
Tyndale line
The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The meek also shall increase their joy in Jehovah, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The meek also shall increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
The meeke in the Lord shall receiue ioye againe, and the poore men shall reioyce in the holy one of Israel.
Strictly literal
and the meek shall increase their joy in Jehovah, and the needy among men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
And the humble have added joy in Jehovah, And the poor among men In the Holy One of Israel rejoice.
And the humble have added joy in YHWH, || And the poor among men || Rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
And the sufferers shall have abundant joy in the Lord, and the needy among men shall be glad in the Holy One of Israel.
The oppressed will again rejoice in Yahweh, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
From the Latin
And the meek shall increase their joy in the Lord, and the poor men shall rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.
Simplified
The humble will be even happier in the Lord, and the poor will find their joy in the Holy One of Israel.
And the poor will have their joy in the Lord increased, and those in need will be glad in the Holy One of Israel.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) agree closely with the wording of this verse, with only minor variations. The Septuagint, however, presents a different order and choice of words, reflecting its own interpretive approach.
וְיָסְפ֧וּ עֲנָוִ֛ים בַּֽיהוָ֖ה שִׂמְחָ֑ה וְאֶבְיוֹנֵ֣י אָדָ֔ם בִּקְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יָגִֽילוּ׃
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ויספו עניים ביהוה שמחה ואביוני אדמ בקדוש ישראל יגילו
9 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 29:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָסַף (yacaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to add or increase. It can denote actions like joining oneself to something or continuing to do a task. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, with nuances of doing something again or augmenting an amount.
יָסַף 214 vb. add
Qal add
Niph.
join (intr.), join oneself to
be joined, added to
Hiph.
add
sq. inf. add to do = do again or more
sq. Impf.
sq. Impf. asynd.
base
H3254 יָסַף add . add
. . join (intr.), join oneself to
. be joined, added to
. . add
. . sq. inf. add to do = do again or more
. sq. Impf.
. sq. Impf. asynd.
3254 yacaph yaw-saf'
a primitive root; to add or augment (often adverbial, to
continue to do a thing):--add, X again, X any more, X cease, X
come more, + conceive again, continue, exceed, X further, X
gather together, get more, give more-over, X henceforth,
increase (more and more), join, X longer (bring, do, make,
much, put), X (the, much, yet) more (and more), proceed
(further), prolong, put, be (strong-) er, X yet, yield.
יָסַף (ya.saph) — to add: again.
: again/continue/more[instances]
1) to add, increase, do again
1a) (Qal) to add, increase, do again
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to join, join oneself to
1b2) to be joined, be added to
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to add, increase
1c2) to do more, do again
יָסַף (ya.saph) — to add.
: add/more[amount]
1) to add, increase, do again
1a) (Qal) to add, increase, do again
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to join, join oneself to
1b2) to be joined, be added to
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to add, increase
1c2) to do more, do again
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
(1) epidiatassomai, "to add to," "to arrange in addition": Found only in Ga 3:15, which may thus be paraphrased: "To take a familiar illustration: even a man's will, when ratified, no third party may annul or supplement" (Dummelow, in the place cited.).
(2) epitithemi, "to put upon," "If any man shall add unto them, God shall add unto him the plagues" (Re 22:18). The book is not to be falsified by addition or excision (see BOOK) by the interpolation of unauthorized doctrines or the neglect of essential ones (compare De 4:2; 12:32).
See also IMPART; SUPPLY.
M. O. Evans
עָנָו (anav) refers to a state of being poor, afflicted, humble, or meek. It is built from the root associated with being depressed in mind or circumstances, particularly in a saintly context. The term encompasses a range of meanings related to humility and neediness, as highlighted in various lexicons.
עָנָו n.m. poor, afflicted, humble, meek
base
H6035 עָנָו poor, afflicted, humble, meek
6035 `anav aw-nawv'
or (by intermixture with 6041) Aanayv {aw-nawv'}; from 6031;
depressed (figuratively), in mind (gentle) or circumstances
(needy, especially saintly):--humble, lowly, meek, poor.
Compare 6041.
see HEBREW for 06041
see HEBREW for 06031
see HEBREW for 06041
עָנָו (a.nav) — poor.
1) poor, humble, afflicted, meek
1a) poor, needy
1b) poor and weak
1c) poor, weak and afflicted
1d) humble, lowly, meek
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npt
שִׂמְחָה (simchah) refers to joy, gladness, and mirth. It encompasses a range of meanings from general joyfulness to religious or festival-related happiness. The word is derived from שִׂמְחָה (H8056), which also relates to pleasure and rejoicing. The entries consistently highlight its positive connotations.
שִׂמְחָה 93 n.f. joy, gladness, mirth
base
H8057 שִׂמְחָה joy, gladness, mirth
8057 simchah sim-khaw'
from 8056; blithesomeness or glee, (religious or
festival):--X exceeding(-ly), gladness, joy(-fulness), mirth,
pleasure, rejoice(-ing).
see HEBREW for 08056
שִׂמְחָה (sim.chah) — joy.
1) joy, mirth, gladness
1a) mirth, gladness, joy, gaiety, pleasure
1b) joy (of God)
1c) glad result, happy issue
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
joi (simchah; chara):
1. Terms:
The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).
Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…
The Hebrew word אֶבְיוֹן (*ebyown*) means needy or poor, derived from a root indicating want. It describes individuals who are destitute, oppressed, or in need of help, particularly from God. This term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, often referring to the lowest social class and the importance of caring for such individuals.
אֶבְיוֹן adj. in want, needy, poor,—so, alw. abs., Dt 15:4 + 40 t.; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Ex 23:6 Dt 15:11; אֶבְיוֹנִים Am 4:1 + 14 t.; אֶבְיוֹנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Ex 23:11 Is 29:19; אֶבְיוֹנֶיהָ ψ 132:15—(Hex. only JED; mostly poet., 23 t. ψ) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adj. Dt 15:7, 7, 9; 24:14 ψ 109:16 (both ∥ עָנִי); elsewhere subst.; ψ 49:3 (∥ עָשִׁיר); Dt 15:4, 11; subj. to oppression & abuse Am 2:6…
Read the full entry →H34 אֶבְיוֹן in want, needy, poor
34 'ebyown eb-yone'
from 14, in the sense of want (especially in feeling);
destitute:--beggar, needy, poor (man).
see HEBREW for 014
אֶבְיוֹן (ev.yon) — needy.
1) in want, needy, chiefly poor, needy person
2) subject to oppression and abuse
3) needing help, deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God
4) general reference to lowest class
Conj | Adj — ConjunctionHC/Aampc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind
a man = human being
coll. man, mankind
n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)
n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)
base
H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being
. coll. man, mankind
120 'adam aw-dawm'
from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the
species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common
sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.
see HEBREW for 0119
אָדָם (a.dam) — man.
1) man, mankind
1a) man, human being
1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)
1c) Adam, first man
1d) city in Jordan valley
אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).
The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;
married to Eve (H2332);
father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;
Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)
man, human being
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word קָדוֹשׁ (*qadosh*) means sacred or holy. It can refer to God, angels, saints, or sanctuaries, indicating a state of being set apart. The entries consistently emphasize its moral and ceremonial significance, with no notable disagreements among the lexicons.
קָדוֹשׁ adj. sacred, holy
base
H6918 קָדוֹשׁ sacred, holy
6918 qadowsh kaw-doshe'
or qadosh {kaw-doshe'}; from 6942; sacred (ceremonially or
morally); (as noun) God (by eminence), an angel, a saint, a
sanctuary:--holy (One), saint.
see HEBREW for 06942
קָדוֹשׁ (qa.dosh) — holy.
: holy
sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart
קָדוֹשׁ (qa.dosh) — holy: saint.
: saint/priest
sacred, holy, Holy One, saint, set apart
A sub-meaning of qa.dosh (קָדוֹשׁ ": holy" H6918)
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHR/Aamsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יִשְׂרָאֵל (Yisra'el) refers to both the second name of Jacob, meaning 'God prevails,' and the name of the Hebrew nation descended from him. It is derived from roots meaning 'to rule' and 'God.' The term encompasses Jacob's descendants and is used historically for the northern kingdom of Israel and the nation as a whole after the Babylonian exile.
יִשְׂרָאֵל 2507 n.pr.m. et gent. Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth)
n.pr.m. second name of Jacob
n.pr.gent. name of Hebrew nation
base
H3478 יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel (Ēl persisteth, persevereth) . n. pr. m. second name of Jacob
. n. pr. gent. name of Hebrew nation
3478 Yisra'el yis-raw-ale'
from 8280 and 410; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical
name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity:
--Israel.
see HEBREW for 08280
see HEBREW for 0410
יִשְׂרָאֵל (yis.ra.el) — Israel.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A);
father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently
§ Israel = "God prevails"
1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel
2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob
2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
iz'-ra-el.
See JACOB.
Israel
The name conferred on Jacob after the great prayer-struggle at Peniel (Gen. 32:28), because “as a prince he had power with God and prevailed.” (See JACOB.) This is the common name given to Jacob’s descendants. The whole people of the twelve tribes are called “Israelites,” the “children of Israel” (Josh. 3:17; 7:25; Judg. 8:27; Jer. 3:21), and the “house of Israel” (Ex. 16:31; 40:38).
This name Israel is sometimes used emphatically for the true Israel (Ps. 73:1: Isa. 45:17; 49:3;
(the prince that prevails with God). The name given, (Genesis 32:28) to Jacob after his wrestling with the angel, (Hosea 12:4) at Peniel. Gesenius interprets Israel "soldier of God." It became the national name of the twelve tribes collectively. They are so called in (Exodus 3:16) and afterward. It is used in a narrower sense, excluding Judah, in (1 Samuel 11:8; 2 Samuel 20:1; 1 Kings 12:16) Thenceforth it was assumed and accepted as the name of the northern kingdom. After the Babylonian captivity, the returned exiles resumed the name Israel as the designation of…
Who prevails with God, a name given to Jacob, after having wrestled with the Angel-Jehovah at Penuel. Ge 32:1,2,28,30 Ho 12:3. See JACOB. By the name Israel is sometimes understood all the posterity of Israel, the seed of Jacob, 1Co 10:18; sometimes all true believers, his spiritual seed, Ro 9:6; and sometimes the kingdom of Israel, or the ten tribes, as distinct from the kingdom of Judah.
גִּיל (giyl) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rejoice or be glad, often associated with a sense of excitement or levity. It can also imply trembling, particularly from fear. The word is built from a root that conveys the idea of spinning around due to strong emotions, covering both joy and fear.
[גִּיל] vb. rejoice (go around or about, be excited to levity)
Qal
rejoice
tremble
base
H1523 גִּיל rejoice (go around or about, be excited to levity)
1523 giyl gheel
or (by permutation) guwl {gool}; a primitive root; properly,
to spin round (under the influence of any violent emotion),
i.e. usually rejoice, or (as cringing) fear:--be glad, joy,
be joyful, rejoice.
גִּיל (gil) — to rejoice.
1) to rejoice, exult, be glad
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to rejoice
1a2) to tremble (from fear)
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp