Jeremiah 2:15 — Word Study
WLCעָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קוֹלָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצוֹ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו נִצְּת֖וּ מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃
BSAThe young lionskᵉphîyr [roaring like conquerors] have roaredshâʼag▸ at himʻal they have soundednâthan■ their voicesqôwl They have laidshîyth▸ wasteshammâh [made a desolation, burned up] his landʼerets [country, territory] his citiesʻîyr [towns, populated areas] withoutbᵉlîy [lacking] inhabitantyâshab [one to dwell, a resident]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עָלָיו֙ | on it | Preposition, suffix |
| יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ | they have been roaring | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| כְפִרִ֔ים | young lions | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| נָתְנ֖וּ | they have given | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| קוֹלָ֑ם | voice their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ | and they have made | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| אַרְצוֹ֙ | land its | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לְשַׁמָּ֔ה | into a waste | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| עָרָ֥יו | cities its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| נִצְּת֖וּ | they are burnt | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person common plural |
| מִבְּלִ֥י | because not | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יֹשֵֽׁב׃ | inhabitant | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The young lions have roared at him; they have growled with a loud voice. They have laid waste his land; his cities lie in ruins, without inhabitant. |
| KJV | The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant. |
| ASV | The young lions have roared upon him, and yelled; and they have made his land waste: his cities are burned up, without inhabitant. |
| YLT | Against him roar do young lions, They have given forth their voice, And make his land become a desolation, His cities have been burnt without inhabitant. |
| WEB | The young lions have roared at him and raised their voices. They have made his land waste. His cities are burned up, without inhabitant. |
| BBE | The young lions have made an outcry against him with a loud voice: they have made his land waste; his towns are burned up, with no one living in them. |
Where they part company is minimal, as all translations agree on the imagery of כְפִרִ֔ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with supporting actions that describe the devastation inflicted upon the land and cities.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectכְּפִיר
verbשָׁאַג
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jeremiah 2:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment Against Israelgenerated
Jeremiah 2:15 depicts a scene of devastation where young lions symbolize powerful forces that have attacked Israel, leading to ruin and desolation. The imagery highlights the dire consequences of forsaking God, as seen in the surrounding verses that question Israel's state and accountability. This passage serves as a warning about the repercussions of turning away from divine guidance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 5:6 | Therefore a lion from the forest will strike them down, a wolf from the desert will ravage them. A leopard will lie in wait near their cities, and everyone who ventures out will be torn to pieces. For their rebellious acts are many, and their unfaithful deeds are numerous. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 25:30 | So you are to prophesy all these words against them and say to them: ‘The LORD will roar from on high; He will raise His voice from His holy habitation. He will roar loudly over His pasture; like those who tread the grapes, He will call out with a shout against all the inhabitants of the earth. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 50:17 | Israel is a scattered flock, chased away by lions. The first to devour him was the king of Assyria; the last to crush his bones was Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon.” |
| 4 | Judges 14:5 | Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother and came to the vineyards of Timnah. Suddenly a young lion came roaring at him, |
| 5 | Job 4:10 | The lion may roar, and the fierce lion may growl, yet the teeth of the young lions are broken. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 26 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כְפִרִ֔ים, khe.fi.Rimgenerated
The word כְּפִיר (*kefir*) refers to 'young lions' and is used here to convey strength and ferocity. It suggests not just the animal but also the notion of youthful power, often associated with aggression and dominance.
The plural form כְּפִירִים indicates multiple young lions, reinforcing the idea of a collective force that threatens and devastates. This choice of word evokes a vivid image of danger and destruction, emphasizing the severity of Israel's plight.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is examined through the lens of the Berean Standard Bible, which uses young lions to maintain the imagery of power and aggression.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ, they have been roaring, governs the sentence, with several phrases detailing the actions of the young lions. The structure emphasizes the roaring as an initiating action that leads to the subsequent destruction.
The sentence features a series of actions linked through verbs, painting a picture of devastation: the lions roar, they give their voice, and they make the land a waste. The order of the words highlights the progression from sound to action, culminating in the desolation of the cities.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כְּפִירִ֔ים as λέοντες (lions), maintaining the fierce imagery of the original Hebrew. This choice reinforces the idea of powerful forces at work against Israel.
The use of ὠρύοντο (they roared) in the Septuagint reflects a similar intensity, suggesting that the translators aimed to convey the same sense of urgency and destruction present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jeremiah 2:15 describes how young lions have roared at Israel, leading to the destruction of its land and cities. The verse illustrates the consequences of forsaking God, as the land lies in ruins without any inhabitants.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The young lions symbolize powerful forces that attack and devastate Israel, representing the consequences of their actions.
The land is described as a waste to illustrate the severe destruction and desolation that has resulted from Israel's forsaking of God.
This indicates that the cities have been so thoroughly destroyed that no one remains to live there, emphasizing the extent of the devastation.
This verse reflects Jeremiah's broader message about the consequences of turning away from God and the resulting judgment faced by Israel.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see the consequences of turning away from God in my own life or community?
- How can I better understand the importance of remaining faithful and not forsaking my responsibilities?
- What steps can I take to bring restoration to areas in my life that feel desolate or abandoned?
- How does the imagery of roaring lions impact my understanding of the seriousness of God's warnings?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church father Jerome comments on this verse, interpreting it to emphasize the consequences of Israel's actions and the divine questions posed in the text.
So why did he become prey? The lions roared against him and gave forth their voice. They made his land a desolation; his cities are burned and no one lives in them. The divine speech asks a question in order to answer it.Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 2:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe young lions roared upon him, and yelled,.... Or, "gave out their voice" (e); meaning the kings of the nations, as the Targum, Jarchi, and Kimchi explain it; and are to be understood of the kings
Read John Gill on Jeremiah 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant. Lions - the Babylonian princes (Jeremiah 4:7; cf. Amos 3:4).
Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe young lions; understand the Assyrians, Babylonians, and Egyptians, &c., called lions from their fierceness, and young from their strength. See this 50:17. Roared upon him, and yelled; noting the terrible voice that the lion puts forth, either in the seizing the prey, some say in sport, ; or the devouring it, . A metaphor, noting the cruelty of the enemy, . Burned without inhabitant, i.e. so consumed and wasted that they are uninhabitable, or shortly shall so consume and waste them. See .
Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJeremiah 2:15 The young lions roared upon him, [and] yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant.Ver. 15. The young lions roared upon him, and yelled,] i.e., The King of Babylon and his forces, more fierce and fell than young lions. Would any take the Church’ s picture? saith Luther; then let him paint a silly, poor maid, sitting in a wood or wilderness, compassed about with hungry lions, wolves, boars, and bears; for this is her condition in the world. And they made his land waste,] i.e., They shall shortly so make it. Loc. com. tit. de persecut. verae Ecclesia.
Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) The young lions roared . . .—The real answer to the question, that Israel had forsaken its true master, is given in Jeremiah 2:17. Here it is implied in the description of what the runaway slave had suffered. Lions had attacked him; not figuratively only, as symbolising invaders, but in the most literal sense, they had made his land waste (2 Kings 17:25). Are burned.—Better, levelled with the ground.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 15. The young lions roared upon him] The Assyrians, who have sacked and destroyed the kingdom of Israel, with a fierceness like that of pouncing upon their prey.
Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. The young lions have roared upon him, and yelled] referring to the frequent Assyrian invasions. The lion was the symbol of Assyria (Nahum 2:12 f.). Cp. Isaiah 5:29 (of an attacking host). burned up] Many prefer to render, slightly altering MT., are laid waste, desolated, as in Jeremiah 4:7.
Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleUpon him - Rather, against him. Israel has run away from his master’s house, but only to find himself exposed to the beasts of prey in the wilderness.
Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The young lions have roared at him; they have growled with a loud voice. They have laid waste his land; his cities lie in ruins, without inhabitant.
The young lions have roared at him and raised their voices. They have made his land waste. His cities are burned up, without inhabitant.
The young lions have roared at him; they have sounded their voices. They have laid waste his land; his cities lie in ruins, without inhabitant.
Like lions his enemies roar victoriously over him; they raise their voices in triumph. They have laid his land waste; his cities have been burned down and deserted.
Tyndale line
The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant.
The young lions have roared upon him, and yelled; and they have made his land waste: his cities are burned up, without inhabitant.
The young lions have roared upon him, and yelled: and they have made his land waste; his cities are burned up, without inhabitant.
The young lions roared upon him, and yelled, and they made his land waste: his cities are burned without inhabitant.
The lions roared vpon him and yelled, and they haue made his land waste: his cities are burnt without an inhabitant.
Strictly literal
The young lions roared against him, they gave forth their voice, and they made his land desolate: his cities are burned, without inhabitant.
Against him roar do young lions, They have given forth their voice, And make his land become a desolation, His cities have been burnt without inhabitant.
Young lions roar against him, || They have given forth their voice, || And make his land become a desolation, || His cities have been burned without inhabitant.
[That] over him young lions roared, let their voice resound, and changed his land into a waste, that his cities are burnt, left without an inhabitant?
Young lions roared against him. They made a lot of noise and made his land a horror. His cities are destroyed without any inhabitants.
From the Latin
The lions have roared upon him, and have made a noise, they have made his land a wilderness: his cities are burnt down and there is none to dwell in them.
Simplified
The young lions roared at you; they growled loudly. They have devastated your country; your towns lie in ruins. No one lives there.
The young lions have made an outcry against him with a loud voice: they have made his land waste; his towns are burned up, with no one living in them.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with 11 of the 12 words matched. The Septuagint's wording corresponds closely to the Hebrew, indicating a shared understanding of the text's meaning.
עָלָיו֙ יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ כְפִרִ֔ים נָתְנ֖וּ קוֹלָ֑ם וַיָּשִׁ֤יתוּ אַרְצוֹ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה עָרָ֥יו נִצְּת֖וּ מִבְּלִ֥י יֹשֵֽׁב׃
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 2:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word שָׁאַג (sha'ag) means 'to roar' and is derived from a primitive root. It covers the action of roaring, particularly in contexts involving a lion, a conqueror, or a cry of distress. The entries consistently emphasize the powerful nature of the sound, but do not provide specific verse references.
H7580 שָׁאַג roar
7580 sha'ag shaw-ag'
a primitive root; to rumble or moan:--X mightily, roar.
שָׁאַג (sha.ag) — to roar.
1) (Qal) to roar
1a) of lion, conqueror, Jehovah, cry of distress
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
The Hebrew word כְּפִיר (*kefir*) primarily means 'young lion,' while its plural form כְּפִירִים (*kefirim*) likely refers to 'villages.' The word is built from the root associated with 'covering,' suggesting a connection to both young lions and enclosed spaces. It appears in Nehemiah 6:2.
כְּפִיר n.m. young lion
base
כְּפִירִים Ne 6:2, prob. = foregoing [כְּפִירָה] (𝔊 al. n. appell. = villages).
done
H3715a כְּפִיר young lion H3715b כְּפִירִים prob. = כְּפִירָה
3715 kphiyr kef-eer'
from 3722; a village (as covered in by walls); also a young
lion (perhaps as covered with a mane):--(young) lion, village.
Compare 3723.
see HEBREW for 03722
see HEBREW for 03723
כְּפִיר (ke.phir) — lion.
young lion
כְּפִירִים (ke.phi.rim) — Hakkephirim.
village
Another name of o.no (אוֹנוֹ "Ono" H0207)
כְּפִירִים (ke.phi.rim) — villages.
village
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
Lions
The most powerful of all carnivorous animals. Although not now found in Palestine, they must have been in ancient times very numerous there. They had their lairs in the forests (Jer. 5:6; 12:8; Amos 3:4), in the caves of the mountains (Cant. 4:8; Nah. 2:12), and in the canebrakes on the banks of the Jordan (Jer. 49:19; 50:44; Zech. 11:3).
No fewer than at least six different words are used in the Old Testament for the lion. (1.) Gor (i.e., a “suckling”), the lion’s whelp (Gen. 49:9;
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.
ref
H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity
6963 qowl kole
or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a
voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),
fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,
proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +
yell.
קוֹל (qol) — voice.
: voice/shout/loud
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קֹל (qol) — frivolity.
lightness, frivolity
קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.
: sound/noise
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.
: thunder
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.
: message/proclaim
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].
: [sound_of](THING)
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.
: listen
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a primitive root meaning to put or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, laying, and constituting. It can also imply taking a stand or being imposed upon. The entries consistently emphasize its versatility in contexts of action and intention.
שִׁית vb. put, set
Qal
put, lay
set, station
set one's mind to, give heed, attention
set, fix
constitute, make one something
internally trans., = take one's stand
Hoph. if a ransom be imposed
base
H7896 שִׁית put, set .. put, lay
. . set, station
. set one's mind to, give heed, attention
. set, fix
. constitute, make one something
. internally trans., = take one's stand
. if a ransom be imposed
7896 shiyth sheeth
a primitive root; to place (in a very wide
application):--apply, appoint, array, bring, consider, lay
(up), let alone, X look, make, mark, put (on), + regard, set,
shew, be stayed, X take.
שִׁית (shit) — to set: make.
: make/establish
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: put.
: put/bring
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: appoint.
: appoint
1) to put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)
1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to
1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform
1a4) to take one's stand
1a5) to lay waste
1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon
שִׁית (shit) — to set: accuse.
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms
שַׁמָּה (shammah) refers to concepts of waste and horror, indicating destruction or desolation. It encompasses meanings such as appalment and ruin, often related to land or cities. The word is derived from another Hebrew root, שָׁמַם (shamam), which also conveys similar themes of devastation.
שַׁמָּה n.f. waste, appalment
base
H8047 שַׁמָּה waste, appalment
8047 shammah sham-maw'
from 8074; ruin; by implication,
consternation:--astonishment, desolate(-ion), waste,
wonderful thing.
see HEBREW for 08074
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — horror: destroyed.
: destroyed/waste
1) waste, horror, appalment
1a) a waste (of land, city, etc)
1b) appalment, horror
Also means: sham.mah (שַׁמָּה ": appalled" H8047H)
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — horror: appalled.
: appalled
1) waste, horror, appalment
1a) a waste (of land, city, etc)
1b) appalment, horror
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
יָצַת (yatsath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to kindle or burn. It can refer to the act of setting something on fire, as well as figuratively to desolation. The word has different forms: Qal (to kindle), Niphal (to be kindled or desolate), and Hiphil (to set on fire).
[יָצַת] vb. kindle, burn (intr.)
Qal kindle, intr., fig. of wickedness; sq. be kindled with fire (= set on fire)
Niph. be kindled; be burned; = desolated
Hiph. kindle, set on fire
base
H3341 [יָצַת] kindle, burn (intr.)
3341 yatsath yaw-tsath'
a primitive root; to burn or set on fire; figuratively, to
desolate:--burn (up), be desolate, set (on) fire ((fire)),
kindle.
יָצַת (ya.tsat) — to kindle.
1) to kindle, burn, set on fire
1a) (Qal) to kindle
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be kindled
1b2) to be left desolate
1c) (Hiphil) to set on fire, kindle
HVNp3cp — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person common pluralHVNp3cp
בְּלִי (bli) refers to a state of wearing out or destruction, and serves as an adverb of negation meaning 'without' or 'not.' It is derived from the root meaning failure and can indicate absence or lack in various contexts.
בְּלִי subst. wearing out, hence
fig. destruction
defect, failure, hence adv. of negation
base
H1097 בְּלִי subst. wearing out, hence . fig. destruction
. defect, failure, hence adv. of negation
1097 bliy bel-ee'
from 1086; properly, failure, i.e. nothing or destruction;
usually (with preposition) without, not yet, because not, as
long as, etc.:--corruption, ig(norantly), for lack of, where
no...is, so that no, none, not, un(awares), without.
see HEBREW for 01086
בְּלִי (be.li) — without.
subst
1) wearing out
adv of negation
2) without, no, not
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa