Daniel 7:4 — Word Study
WLCקַדְמָיְתָ֣א כְאַרְיֵ֔ה וְגַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־ נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑הּ חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֡ית עַד֩ דִּי־ מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜יהּ וּנְטִ֣ילַת מִן־ אַרְעָ֗א וְעַל־ רַגְלַ֙יִן֙ כֶּאֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת וּלְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ׃
BSAThe first [beast]qadmay [former, preceding] was like a lionʼaryêh [fierce and powerful] [the] wingsgaph [feathered limbs for flying] of an eaglenᵉshar Ihâvâʼ watchedchăzâʼ [gazed, observed] untilʻad its wingsgaph [bird's wings] were torn offmᵉraṭ△ [plucked, pulled off] and it was lifted upnᵉṭal■ [raised, elevated] frommin the groundʼăraʻ [earth, the world] and made to standqûwm [established, set up] onʻal two feetrᵉgal [like a human, on hind legs] like a manʼĕnâsh [a human being, mankind] and givenyᵉhab [provided, bestowed] the mindlᵉbab [heart, inner self] of a manʼĕnâsh [a human being, with thoughts and feelings]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| קַדְמָיְתָ֣א | first the | Particle |
| כְאַרְיֵ֔ה | [was] like a lion | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| וְגַפִּ֥ין | and wings | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| דִּֽי־ | of | Conjunction |
| נְשַׁ֖ר | an eagle | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| לַ֑הּ | [were] to it | Preposition, suffix |
| חָזֵ֣ה | seeing | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| הֲוֵ֡ית | I was | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common singular |
| עַד֩ | until | Preposition |
| דִּי־ | that | Conjunction |
| מְּרִ֨יטוּ | they were plucked off | Verb plural, third person masculine plural |
| גַפַּ֜יהּ | wings its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וּנְטִ֣ילַת | and it was lifted | Conjunction, verb plural third person feminine singular |
| מִן־ | away from | Preposition |
| אַרְעָ֗א | earth the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| וְעַל־ | and on | Conjunction, preposition |
| רַגְלַ֙יִן֙ | two feet | Noun common, both dual absolute |
| כֶּאֱנָ֣שׁ | like a human | Preposition, noun common both singular absolute |
| הֳקִימַ֔ת | it was made to stand | Verb, Hophal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| וּלְבַ֥ב | and a heart of | Conjunction, noun common both singular construct |
| אֱנָ֖שׁ | a human | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| יְהִ֥יב | it was given | Verb plural, third person masculine singular |
| לַֽהּ׃ | to it | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The first beast was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet like a man, and given the mind of a man. |
| KJV | The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man’s heart was given to it. |
| ASV | The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon two feet as a man; and a man’s heart was given to it. |
| YLT | The first [is] like a lion, and it hath an eagle's wings. I was seeing till that its wings have been plucked, and it hath been lifted up from the earth, and on feet as a man it hath been caused to stand, and a heart of man is given to it. |
| WEB | “The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings. I watched until its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth and made to stand on two feet as a man. A man’s heart was given to it. |
| BBE | The first was like a lion and had eagle's wings; while I was watching its wings were pulled off, and it was lifted up from the earth and placed on two feet like a man, and a man's heart was given to it. |
Where they part company is מְּרִ֨יטוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by several subordinate phrases that elaborate on the actions and states of the beast.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbחֲזָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 23 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 7:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Four Beastsgenerated
Daniel 7:4 presents a vivid imagery of the first beast, likened to a lion, which signifies strength and majesty. This beast is described as having eagle's wings, indicating swiftness and power. Daniel's vision unfolds the nature of this beast and its transformation, serving as an allegory for the kingdoms that rise and fall throughout history. This narrative is part of a larger prophetic context where Daniel witnesses the fate of various empires, emphasizing the sovereignty of God over earthly powers.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 28:49 | The LORD will bring a nation from afar, from the ends of the earth, to swoop down upon you like an eagle—a nation whose language you will not understand, |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 1:23 | Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, were not divided in death. They were swifter than eagles, they were stronger than lions. |
| 3 | Isaiah 5:28–29 | Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are strung. The hooves of their horses are like flint; their chariot wheels are like a whirlwind. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 4:7–13 | A lion has gone up from his thicket, and a destroyer of nations has set out. He has left his lair to lay waste your land. Your cities will be reduced to ruins and lie uninhabited. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 25:38 | He has left His den like a lion, for their land has been made a desolation by the sword of the oppressor, and because of the fierce anger of the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 21 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — קַדְמָיְתָ֣א, kad.ma.ye.Ta'generated
The word קַדְמָי (qadmay) means 'first' or 'former', indicating precedence in a sequence. In this verse, it describes the first beast among the four, establishing its significance in the vision.
This term is derived from a root that conveys the idea of being first, and its usage in the Bible often refers to initial or primary entities. The parsing as a particle indicates its function to modify or describe the noun that follows.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has the first beast, which is consistent across most translations.
Where translations differ, it is primarily in the rendering of certain phrases. For example, מְּרִ֨יטוּ is rendered as plucked in the ASV and KJV, while the NETB opts for pulled off. Similarly, רַגְלַ֙יִן֙ is translated as two feet in several versions, but the NETB uses like a human.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains multiple clauses, with the main action centered around the finite verbs. The structure begins with the subject, קַדְמָיְתָ֣א, followed by a series of descriptive clauses detailing the characteristics and actions of the beast.
The finite verbs such as מְּרִ֨יטוּ and הֳקִימַ֔ת govern the actions described, indicating a sequence of events that unfold in the vision.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates קַדְמָי as πρῶτον, which also means 'first' and retains the emphasis on the initial beast in the vision. This consistency highlights the importance of the first beast in the overall narrative.
Additionally, the choice of words in the Septuagint reflects a similar understanding of the imagery presented in the original Hebrew, maintaining the thematic elements of power and transformation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 7:4 describes a vision where the first beast is like a lion with eagle's wings. Daniel observes as the wings are plucked off, and the beast is lifted from the ground to stand on two feet like a man, receiving a human heart. This imagery represents the rise and transformation of kingdoms.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The first beast symbolizes the Babylonian kingdom, known for its strength and power, as interpreted by various commentators.
The wings signify swiftness and the ability to rise above others, emphasizing the beast's dominance and agility.
This transformation indicates a shift in power and authority, suggesting that the beast's reign is subject to divine oversight.
Early church fathers, like Ephrem the Syrian and Jerome, view the vision as a prophetic representation of historical kingdoms, particularly focusing on Babylon.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the imagery of the beast teach us about the nature of power and authority in the world?
- How can we understand the transformation of the beast in light of God's sovereignty over nations?
- In what ways does this vision challenge our perceptions of strength and leadership?
- How does the interpretation of this passage influence our understanding of biblical prophecy?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers provide interpretations of this verse, discussing its implications for understanding historical kingdoms and prophecy.
This beast obviously represents the kingdom of the Babylonians. The present vision of Daniel perfectly fits in with the already mentioned dream of Nebuchadnezzar, who saw a statue, and it forms a single and same prophecy with it.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Verse 4. "The first beast was like a lioness and possessed the wings of an eagle. I beheld until her wings were torn away, and she was raised upright from the ground and stood on her feet like a human being,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
This passage Daniel places the strongest of the beasts in the first kingdom; he does not imply that the first beast possessed greater might but only that it was nobler.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 7:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe first was like a lion,.... That which rose up first, the kingdom of the Babylonians, as the Syriac version expresses it; or the Assyrian monarchy, founded by Nimrod, increased by the Assyrians,
Read John Gill on Daniel 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to it.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleLion, and eagle; one the king of beasts, the other the king of birds, for which he is called the golden head, as ,38. This was the Chaldean or Assyrian; whose seat was first at Babylon, after at Nineveh, and then at Babylon again. Had eagle’ s wings; they were swift, overrunning many countries, and brought their monarchy to a prodigious height in a short time. Thus Jeremiah prophesied, , He shall come up as clouds, his chariots shall be as a whirlwind, his horses are swifter than eagles; in the 7th verse called a lion, and here like clouds, whirlwinds, and eagles for swiftness, . The wings thereof were plucked; which was first in stopping the career of their victories, and after in casting…
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 7:4 The first [was] like a lion, and had eagle’ s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man’ s heart was given to it.Ver. 4. The first was like a lion.] Which is the king of beasts (as the eagle is of birds), generous, strong, fierce, fair-conditioned; so were the Assyrian monarchs in comparison of those that followed them. And had eagle’ s wings.] Whereby is noted their victorious celerity and alacrity in seizing upon kingdoms. I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked,] scil., By the Medes and Persians, taming Babel’ s insolence, and making her inhabitants tributaries and slaves, to…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) The first was like a lion.—The lion and the eagle are chosen as being emblems of strength and swiftness respectively. They characterise the empire of Nebuchadnezzar, and correspond to the golden head of the Colossus (Daniel 2). The wings . . . plucked.—The eagle, deprived of its wings, loses its power of swiftness and unrestrained motion. From the earth.—The beast was raised from being on its four feet into the position of a man, as is indicated by the words “a man’s heart.” We have not sufficient historical details respecting the last years of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign to enable us to point to the reference. It has been suggested by St. Jerome that the words refer to the madness of the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. The first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings] Bp. Newton well remarks, that these great beasts, as explained by the angel, Daniel 7:17, are kingdoms. They arise out of a stormy and tempestuous sea; that is, out of the wars and commotions of the world; and they are called great in comparison of other states and kingdoms, and are denominated beasts for their tyrannical and cruel oppression. These four beasts are indeed monstrous productions; a lion with eagle's wings; a bear with three ribs in its mouth; a leopard with four wings, and four heads; and a beast with ten horns. But such emblems and hieroglyphics were usual among the eastern nations, as may be seen in the monuments of…
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. The first beast. eagle’s wings] The ‘eagle’ (nesher) of the O.T., as Tristram has shewn (Nat. Hist. of the Bible, p. 172 ff.), is properly a vulture,—though not the ordinary carrion vulture, but the Griffon-Vulture, or Great Vulture, a “majestic bird, most abundant, and never out of sight, whether on the mountains or the plains of Palestine. Everywhere it is a feature in the sky, as it circles higher and higher, till lost to all but the keenest sight, and then rapidly swoops down again” (Smith’s Dict. of the Bible, ed. 2, i. 815). were pluckt] were plucked off. lifted up from the earth] on which, as an animal, it had been lying. upon the feet] upon two feet. a man’s heart] i.e. a man’s…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe first was like a lion - It is to be assumed, in explaining and applying these symbols, that they are significant - that is, that there was some adaptedness or propriety in using these symbols to
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The first beast was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet like a man, and given the mind of a man.
“The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings. I watched until its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth and made to stand on two feet as a man. A man’s heart was given to it.
The first beast was like a lion, and it had the wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was lifted up from the ground and made to stand on two feet like a man and given the mind of a man.
“The first one was like a lion with eagles’ wings. As I watched, its wings were pulled off and it was lifted up from the ground. It was made to stand on two feet like a human being, and a human mind was given to it.
Tyndale line
The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made stand upon the feet as a man, and a man’s heart was given to it.
The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon two feet as a man; and a man’s heart was given to it.
The first was like a lion, and had eagle’s wings: I beheld till the wings thereof were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon two feet as a man, and a man’s heart was given to it.
The first was like a lion, and had eagles' wings: I beheld till its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon the feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to it.
The first was as a lyon, and had eagles wings: I beheld, til the wings thereof were pluckt of, and it was lifted vp from the earth, and set vpon his feete as a man, and a mans heart was giuen him.
Strictly literal
The first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings: I beheld till its wings were plucked; and it was lifted up from the earth, and made to stand upon two feet as a man, and a man's heart was given to it.
The first [is] like a lion, and it hath an eagle's wings. I was seeing till that its wings have been plucked, and it hath been lifted up from the earth, and on feet as a man it hath been caused to stand, and a heart of man is given to it.
The first [is] like a lion, and it has an eagle’s wings. I was seeing until its wings have been plucked, and it has been lifted up from the earth, and on feet as a man it has been caused to stand, and a heart of man is given to it.
the first was like a lion, and had eagle's wings: I looked till its wings were plucked out, and it was lifted up from the earth, and was placed upon its feet as a man, and a human heart was given to it.
The first was like a lion but had eagle's wings. As I was looking, its wings were torn off and it was lifted from the ground and made to stand on two feet, like a man. The mind of a man was given to it.
From the Latin
The first was like a lioness, and had the wings of an eagle: I beheld till her wings were plucked off, and she was lifted up from the earth, and stood upon her feet as a man, and the heart of a man was given to her.
Simplified
The first was like a lion and had the wings of an eagle. As I watched, its wings were torn off and it was pulled upright so it was standing with its hind legs on the ground and it was given the mind of a human being.
The first was like a lion and had eagle's wings; while I was watching its wings were pulled off, and it was lifted up from the earth and placed on two feet like a man, and a man's heart was given to it.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 21 of the 23 words matched in the Septuagint's translation. The Dead Sea Scrolls also contain a fragment that aligns closely with the Masoretic Text, though some words are partly restored or supplied by an editor.
קַדְמָיְתָ֣א כְאַרְיֵ֔ה וְגַפִּ֥ין דִּֽי־ נְשַׁ֖ר לַ֑הּ חָזֵ֣ה הֲוֵ֡ית עַד֩ דִּי־ מְּרִ֨יטוּ גַפַּ֜יהּ וּנְטִ֣ילַת מִן־ אַרְעָ֗א וְעַל־ רַגְלַ֙יִן֙ כֶּאֱנָ֣שׁ הֳקִימַ֔ת וּלְבַ֥ב אֱנָ֖שׁ יְהִ֥יב לַֽהּ׃
21 of the 23 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
קדמית א [כאריה] [וגפין] [די] [נשר] ׳׳׳׳׳׳ ל׳ה חזה הוית עד די [מריטו] [גפי׳ה] [ונטילת] מן ארע א ועל רגלין כאנש
21 words of the verse are on this fragment — 2 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 7:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
קַדְמָי (qadmay) is an Aramaic word meaning 'first' or 'former.' It is derived from a root related to another Hebrew word, קָדַם (qadâm), which also conveys the idea of being first. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as 'first' without significant disagreement.
[קַדְמָי] adj. former, first
base
H6933 קַדְמָי, קַדְמַי
6933 qadmay kad-mah'-ee
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 6923; first:--first.
see HEBREW for 06923
קַדְמַי (qad.may) — first.
1) former, first
1a) first
1b) former
Adj | Art — ParticleAAofsd/Ta
furst ('echadh, ri'shon; proton, to proton, protos):
Of these words, which are those most frequently used for "first," ri'shon is from rosh, "the head, and is used for the highest, chief, etc.; also of time, the beginning, e.g. Ge 8:13, in the first month"; in Isa 44:6; 48:12, it is used of Yahweh as Eternal and solely Supreme--the First and the Last (compare Isa 41:4). Special usages are in connection with "firstborn," "first- fruit," etc.; proton is used of that which is first in order; but also of that which is first or chief in importance, etc. (Mt 6:33; Jas 3:17). In
אַרְיֵה (aryeh) means 'lion' in Hebrew and is noted in both the Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's Hebrew Dictionary. It is identified as an Aramaic term corresponding to another Hebrew word for lion, אַרְיֵה (aryeh, H0738). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to the animal.
אַרְיֵה n.m. lion
base
H744 אַרְיֵה
744 'aryeh ar-yay'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 738:--lion.
see HEBREW for 0738
אַרְיֵה (ar.yeh) — lion.
lion
Aramaic of ar.yeh (אַרְיֵה "lion" H0738B)
Adj | N-ms — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteAR/Ncbsa
li'-un:
(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.
1. Names:
Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).
"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…
The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…
גַּף (gaph) refers to a wing, specifically that of a bird. The term is derived from Aramaic and corresponds to another Hebrew word, indicating its use primarily in contexts related to wings.
[גַּף] n.f. wing of bird
base
H1611 גַּף
1611 gaph gaf
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1610; a wing:--wing.
see HEBREW for 01610
גַּף (gaph) — wing.
wing (of bird)
Adj | N-cp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteAC/Ncmpa
wingz (kanaph; pterux): Biblical references to the wings of birds are common, especially in Psalms, many of them exquisitely poetical. Often the wings of an eagle are mentioned because they are from 7 to 9 feet in sweep, of untiring flight, and have strength to carry heavy burdens: so they became the symbol of strength and endurance. Ancient monuments and obelisks are covered with the heads of bulls, lions, different animals, and men even, to which the wings of an eagle were added to symbolize strength. Sometimes the wings of a stork are used to portray strong flight, as in the vision of Zechariah: "Then lifted I up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there came forth two women, and the wind was in their wings; now they had wings like the wings of a stork; and they lifted up the ephah between earth and heaven" (5:9). The wings of a dove symbolized love. Wings in the abstract typified…
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְשַׁר (nashar) refers to an eagle, specifically a griffon-vulture, in Aramaic. The word is related to נֶשֶׁר (nesher, H5404), which also means eagle. The entries consistently identify this term as a type of bird without significant disagreement.
נְשַׁר n.m. griffon-vulture or eagle
base
H5403 נְשַׁר
5403 nshar nesh-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5404; an eagle:--eagle.
see HEBREW for 05404
נְשַׁר (ne.shar) — eagle.
eagle, vulture, griffon-vulture
Aramaic of ne.sher (נֶשֶׁר "eagle" H5404)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
e'-g'-l (nesher; aetos; Latin aquila): A bird of the genus aquila of the family falconidae.
The Hebrew nesher, meaning "to tear with the beak," is almost invariably translated "eagle," throughout the Bible; yet many of the most important references compel the admission that the bird to which they applied was a vulture.
There were many large birds and carrion eaters flocking over Palestine, attracted by the offal from animals slaughtered for tribal feasts and continuous sacrifice. The eagle family could not be separated from the vultures by their habit of feeding, for they ate the offal from slaughter as well as the vultures. One distinction always holds good. Eagles never flock. They select the tallest trees of the forest, the topmost crag of the mountain, and pairs live in solitude, hunting and feeding singly, whenever possible carrying their prey to the nest so that the young may gain…
Eagle
(Herb. nesher; properly the griffon vulture or great vulture, so called from its tearing its prey with its beak), referred to for its swiftness of flight (Deut. 28:49; 2 Sam. 1:23), its mounting high in the air (Job 39:27), its strength (Ps. 103:5), its setting its nest in high places (Jer. 49:16), and its power of vision (Job 39:27-30).
This “ravenous bird” is a symbol of those nations whom God employs and sends forth to do a work of destruction, sweeping away whatever is decaying and putrescent (Matt.…
(Heb. nesher , i.e. a tearer with the beak). At least four distinct kinds of eagles have been observed in Palestine, viz., the golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos , the spotted eagle, Aquila naevia , the imperial eagle, Aquila heliaca , and the very common Circaetos gallicus . The Hebrew nesher may stand for any of these different species, though perhaps more particular reference to the golden and imperial eagles and the griffon vulture may be intended. The passage in Micah, (Micah 1:16) "enlarge thy baldness as the eagle," may refer to the griffon vulture, Vultur fulvus , in which case the simile is peculiarly appropriate, for the whole head and neck of this bird are destitute of true feathers. The "eagles" of (Matthew 24:28; Luke…
Job 39:27-30, a large and very powerful bird of prey, hence called the King of birds. There are several species of eagle described by naturalists, and it is probable that this word in the Bible comprehends more than one of these. The noble eastern species, called by Mr. Bruce "the golden eagle," measures eight feet four inches from wing to wing; and from the tip of his tail to the point of his beak, when dead, four feet seven inches. Of all known birds, the eagle flies not only the highest, Pr 23:5 Jer 49:16 Ob 1:4, but also with the greatest rapidity. To this circumstance there are several striking allusions in the sacred volume,
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
AR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3fs
חֲזָה (chaza') means to see or behold, and can refer to witnessing something directly or perceiving it in a dream or vision. The word is built from a root that emphasizes the act of gazing or observing, and it covers meanings related to sight and customary appearances. It appears in contexts where vision or perception is significant.
חֲזָה vb. see, behold
base
H2370 חֲזָה, חֲזָא
2370 chaza' khaz-aw'
(Aramaic) or chazah (Aramaic) {khaz-aw'}; corresponding to
2372; to gaze upon; mentally to dream, be usual (i.e.
seem):--behold, have (a dream), see, be wont.
see HEBREW for 02372
חֲזָה (cha.zah) — to see.
1) to see, behold
1a)(P'al)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, behold, witness
1a3) to behold (in a dream or vision)
1a4) customary, seemly (passive)
Adj — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularAVqrmsa
הֲוָא (hava') means to come to pass, become, or be. It is used in various contexts, often in connection with other words, indicating actions like to see, seek, or walk. The entries highlight its range of applications in both Hebrew and Aramaic, with a focus on existence and becoming.
הֲוָא, הֲוָה 71 vb. come to pass, become, be
base
H1934 הֲוָא, הֲוָה come to pass, become, be
1934 hava' hav-aw'
(Aramaic) orhavah (Aramaic) {hav-aw'}; corresponding to 1933;
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially
in connection with other words):--be, become, + behold, + came
(to pass), + cease, + cleave, + consider, + do, + give, +
have, + judge, + keep, + labour, + mingle (self), + put, +
see, + seek, + set, + slay, + take heed, tremble, + walk, +
would.
see HEBREW for 01933
הֲוָא (ha.va) — to be.
1) to come to pass, become, be
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to come to pass
1a2) to come into being, arise, become, come to be
1a2a) to let become known (with participle of knowing)
1a3) to be
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singularAVqp1cs
עַד (ad) is a Hebrew word primarily functioning as a preposition and conjunction. It conveys meanings related to time and extent, such as 'until,' 'up to,' and 'even to.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its definitions.
עַד 36 prep. and conj. even to, until
base
H5705 עַד
5705 `ad ad
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5704; X and, at, for, (hither-)to,
on till, (un-)to, until, within.
see HEBREW for 05704
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) even to, until, up to, during
conj
2) until, up to the time that, ere that
Adj — PrepositionAR
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
מְרַט (mrat) means to pluck or pull off, specifically noted in the Aramaic context. It is derived from a related word, מָרַט (mārat), and is used in the Pe‘il form in Daniel 7:4. The entries consistently emphasize the action of being plucked.
[מְרַט] vb. pluck;—Pe‛îl Dn 7:4
ref
H4804 מְרַט
4804 mrat mer-at'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4803; to pull off:--be plucked.
see HEBREW for 04803
מְרַט (me.rat) — to pluck.
1) to pluck, pull off
1a) (P'il) to be plucked off
Adj — Verb plural · third person masculine pluralAVQp3mp
גַּף (gaph) refers to a wing, specifically that of a bird. The term is derived from Aramaic and corresponds to another Hebrew word, indicating its use primarily in contexts related to wings.
[גַּף] n.f. wing of bird
base
H1611 גַּף
1611 gaph gaf
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1610; a wing:--wing.
see HEBREW for 01610
גַּף (gaph) — wing.
wing (of bird)
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3fs
נְטַל (ntal) means to lift or take up. It is noted in various forms, including a P'al (to lift) and P'il (to be lifted). The word is related to the Aramaic form corresponding to another Hebrew root, נָטַל (H5190).
[נְטַל] vb. lift
Pe.
Pe‛îl be lifted
base
H5191 נְטַל
5191 ntal net-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5190; to raise:--take up.
see HEBREW for 05190
נְטַל (ne.tal) — to lift.
1) to lift
1a) (P'al) to lift, lift up
1b) (P'il) to be lifted
Adj | V-Q-Perf-3fs — Conjunction · verb plural third person feminine singularAC/VQp3fs
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj — PrepositionAR
אֲרַע (ara) refers to the earth or soil, with implications of being low or inferior. It is an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for earth, אֶ֫רֶץ (erets). The entries suggest a range of meanings including earth, ground, and planet.
[אֲרַע] 21 n.[f.] earth
base
H772 אֲרַע
772 'ara` ar-ah'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 776; the earth; by implication
(figuratively) low:--earth, interior.
see HEBREW for 0776
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: soil.
: soil
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: inferior.
: inferior
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
אֲרַע (a.ra) — earth: planet.
: planet
earth, world, ground
Aramaic of e.rets (אֶ֫רֶץ ": soil" H0776H)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
עַל (al) is a preposition meaning 'upon,' 'over,' or 'against.' It covers a range of uses, including direction, comparison, and causation. The entries indicate it can express relationships concerning location, purpose, or authority. There is a note that it corresponds to the Aramaic term related to another Hebrew word, עַל (H5921), but no significant disagreement among lexicons is noted.
עַל prep. upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
base
H5922 עַל
5922 `al al
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5921:--about, against,
concerning, for, (there-)fore, from, in, X more, of, (there-,
up-)on, (in-)to, + why with.
see HEBREW for 05921
עַל (al) — since.
1) upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
1a) upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of
1b) over (with verbs of ruling)
1c) above, beyond (in comparison)
1d) to, against (of direction)
Adj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionAC/R
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
רְגַל (regal) means 'foot' in Hebrew and is related to the Aramaic word for foot as well. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to the foot, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[רְגַל] n.[f.] foot
base
H7271 רְגַל
7271 rgal reg-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7272:--foot.
see HEBREW for 07272
רְגַל (re.gal) — foot.
foot
Aramaic of re.gel (רֶ֫גֶל "foot" H7272)
Adj — Noun common · both dual absoluteANcbda
→ Bells worn on Isa 3:16,18
→ Washing of, as an example, by Jesus Joh 13:4-14
→ See ABLUTION
אֱנָשׁ (enash) refers to a man or human being, and can also denote mankind collectively. It is related to the Aramaic term for human, אֱנוֹשׁ (enosh). The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a representation of humanity.
אֱנָשׁ n.m. man, mankind
base
H606 אֱנָשׁ
606 'enash en-awsh'
(Aramaic) or renash (Aramaic) {en-ash'}; corresponding to
582; a man:--man, + whosoever.
see HEBREW for 0582
אֱנָשׁ (e.nash) — man.
1) man, human being
2) mankind (collective)
Aramaic of e.nosh (אֱנוֹשׁ "human" H0582)
Adj | N-ms — Preposition · noun common both singular absoluteAR/Ncbsa
קוּם (qum) means to rise or stand, and encompasses a range of actions such as establishing, appointing, and enduring. It can denote both physical rising and figurative actions like coming on the scene or being made to stand. The entries reflect various grammatical forms, including P'al, Pael, Aphel, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
[קוּם] vb. arise, stand
Pe.
lit. arise
fig. = come on the scene of history
arise (out of inaction), and build
stand
Pa. set up, establish an ordinance
Haph.
set up
lift up one side
establish
appoint
Hoph. be made to stand
base
H6966 קוּם
6966 quwm koom
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6965:--appoint, establish, make,
raise up self, (a-)rise (up), (make to) stand, set (up).
see HEBREW for 06965
קוּם (qum) — to stand: rise.
: rise/get_going
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: raise.
: raise
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
1c1) to set up
1c2) to lift up
1c3) to establish
1c4) to appoint
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stand
קוּם (qum) — to stand: establish.
: establish/stand_firm/confirm/fulfill/fix
1) to arise, stand
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to arise from
1a2) to come on the scene (fig)
1a3) to arise (out of inaction)
1a4) to stand
1a5) to endure
1b) (Pael) to set up, establish
1c) (Aphel)
Adj — Verb · Hophal · perfect third person feminine singularAVHp3fs
לְבַב (leb-ab) means 'heart' and can also refer to the mind. It is an Aramaic term that corresponds to the Hebrew word for heart, לֵב (lev, H3824). The entries consistently define it as relating to the heart or mind.
לְבַב n.m. heart
base
H3825 לְבַב
3825 lbab leb-ab'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3824:--heart.
see HEBREW for 03824
לְבַב (le.vav) — heart.
heart, mind
Aramaic of le.vav (לֵבָב "heart" H3824)
Adj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common both singular constructAC/Ncbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱנָשׁ (enash) refers to a man or human being, and can also denote mankind collectively. It is related to the Aramaic term for human, אֱנוֹשׁ (enosh). The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a representation of humanity.
אֱנָשׁ n.m. man, mankind
base
H606 אֱנָשׁ
606 'enash en-awsh'
(Aramaic) or renash (Aramaic) {en-ash'}; corresponding to
582; a man:--man, + whosoever.
see HEBREW for 0582
אֱנָשׁ (e.nash) — man.
1) man, human being
2) mankind (collective)
Aramaic of e.nosh (אֱנוֹשׁ "human" H0582)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
יְהַב (yhab) means to give or provide, and it can also imply laying foundations or being paid. It is derived from an Aramaic root and covers various forms, including giving, placing, and being given. The entries suggest a range of uses in contexts related to provision and payment.
יְהַב vb. give
Pe.
give
place, lay foundations
Pe‛îl, be given
Hithpe.
be given
be paid, of cost
base
H3052 יְהַב
3052 yhab yeh-hab'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3051; -deliver, give, lay, +
prolong, pay, yield.
see HEBREW for 03051
יְהַב (ye.hav) — to give.
1) to give, provide
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to give
1a2) to place, lay (foundations)
1b) (Hithp'al)
1b1) to be given
1b2) to be paid
Adj — Verb plural · third person masculine singularAVQp3ms
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
AR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3fs