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Jeremiah 49:32 — Word Study

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WLCוְהָי֨וּ גְמַלֵּיהֶ֜ם לָבַ֗ז וַהֲמ֤וֹן מִקְנֵיהֶם֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל וְזֵרִתִ֥ים לְכָל־ ר֖וּחַ קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֑ה וּמִכָּל־ עֲבָרָ֛יו אָבִ֥יא אֶת־ אֵידָ֖ם נְאֻם־ יְהוָֽה׃

BSATheir camelsgâmâl [valuable riding animals] will becomehâyâh plunderbaz [spoils of war, booty] and their largehâmôwn herdsmiqneh [multitude of cattle] will be spoilshâlâl [plunder, goods taken by force] I will scatterzârâh [disperse, toss about] to the windrûwach [a blast of air] in every directionkôl [all sides, every corner] those who shaveqâtsats [cut off, trim] their templespêʼâh [sides of the head, corners of the beard] I will bringbôwʼ calamity on themʼêyd [disaster, oppression] from allkôl sidesʻêber [every direction, all corners] declaresnᵉʼum the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the supreme God]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 49
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 32 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Yah.weh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 49:32quick helps
In a sentenceJeremiah warns of impending disaster for a nation at ease, detailing the loss of their camels and livestock.
Who is speakingThe LORD, through the prophet Jeremiah.
Where we areA prophetic declaration concerning Elam, detailing judgment against its people.
The hard wordלָבַז, la.Vaz
Take awayThe fate of the nation involves total loss and scattering.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbהָיָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 49:32

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Judgment Against Elamgenerated

31Rise up, advance against a nation at ease, one that dwells securely,” declares the LORD. “They have no gates or bars; they live alone.
32Their camels will become plunder, and their large herds will be spoil. I will scatter to the wind in every direction those who shave their temples; I will bring calamity on them from all sides,” declares the LORD.
33“Hazor will become a haunt for jackals, a desolation forever. No one will dwell there; no man will abide there.”
34This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah.

Jeremiah 49:32 describes the consequences for Elam, a nation that feels secure. The LORD declares that their valuable camels and livestock will be taken as plunder, and those who shave their temples will be scattered like the wind. This reflects a broader theme of divine judgment against complacency and pride, as seen in similar warnings throughout the prophetic literature.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 49:36I will bring the four winds against Elam from the four corners of the heavens, and I will scatter them to all these winds. There will not be a nation to which Elam’s exiles will not go.
2Deuteronomy 28:64Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known.
3Ezekiel 5:10–12As a result, fathers among you will eat their sons, and sons will eat their fathers. I will execute judgments against you and scatter all your remnant to every wind.’
4Ezekiel 12:14–15And I will scatter to every wind all the attendants around him and all his troops, and I will draw a sword to chase after them.
5Jeremiah 9:26Egypt, Judah, Edom, Ammon, Moab, and all the inhabitants of the desert who clip the hair of their temples. For all these nations are uncircumcised, and the whole house of Israel is uncircumcised in heart.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

in the utmost cornersJeremiah 9:26 Jeremiah 25:23

The Key Word לָבַז, la.Vazgenerated

The verb לָבַז (baz) means to spoil or plunder, often in the context of war or conquest. It denotes the act of taking goods by force, emphasizing loss and destruction. In this verse, it highlights the fate of Elam's camels, which will be taken as spoils.

The use of this word underscores the severity of the judgment being pronounced. It is not merely a loss but a complete stripping away of their resources, which were vital to their livelihood.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וְהָי֨וּ, and they will become, governs the sentence, with multiple clauses detailing the consequences. The structure emphasizes the sequential unfolding of judgment.

The clauses are interconnected, with the first part detailing the loss of camels and livestock, followed by the scattering of those who shave their temples, culminating in the declaration of calamity.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וְהָי֨וּ as ἔσονται (esontai), meaning 'they will be.' This choice indicates a direct correspondence to the Hebrew's future tense, maintaining the prophetic tone.

For לָבַז, the LXX uses προνομὴν (pronomēn), which suggests a focus on the concept of 'prey' or 'booty,' thus broadening the idea of loss to include the spoils taken from the people.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 49:32 warns that the camels and livestock of Elam will be taken as plunder. The LORD declares that those who shave their temples will be scattered in every direction, and calamity will come upon them from all sides.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the judgment against Elam signify?

The judgment signifies a warning against complacency and pride, showing that even secure nations can face divine retribution.

Why are camels and livestock significant in this context?

Camels and livestock were vital resources for trade and sustenance, representing the wealth and stability of a nation.

What does it mean to shave one's temples?

Shaving the temples was a cultural practice that could symbolize a vow or a sign of mourning, indicating a deeper spiritual or communal significance.

How does this verse relate to other prophetic warnings?

This verse echoes themes found in other prophetic texts where nations are warned of impending judgment for their actions and attitudes.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I recognize areas of complacency in my life that may lead to negative consequences?
  2. How can I ensure that I remain vigilant and aware of the spiritual state of my community?
  3. What resources or 'wealth' do I have that I should be mindful of in terms of stewardship?
  4. How might I respond to warnings in my life, both personally and in the wider community?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 49:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And their camels shall be a booty,.... To the Chaldean army, as before, Jeremiah 49:29; and the multitude of their cattle a spoil; to the same; the Kedarenes had large flocks of sheep, as well as a

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 49 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 49 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: these words sound like a part of the king of Babylon’ s supposed speech encouraging his soldiers from the booty they should get, which should be a great multitude of camels and other cattle; the latter words are the words of the prophet, in the name of the Lord, threatening ruin to these Kedarens and Hazorites, though they lived in corners, and might upon that account think themselves secure; God saith he would fetch them out of their utmost corners, and bring calamity from all parts upon them.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 49 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 49:32 And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them [that are] in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD.Ver. 32. Them that are in the uttermost corners.] Or, That have the corners of their hair cut. See Jeremiah 9:26; Jeremiah 25:23.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 49 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(31-33) Arise, get you up . . .—The command of Jehovah goes forth to the invaders. Their work will be an easy one, for they are sent against a people that dwell defenceless in the open country, with no walls or gates, dwelling alone, without allies, their camels and their flocks offering an easy prey. Compare the description of Laish in Judges 18:7. The prophet repeats the characteristic term of scorn which we have found in Jeremiah 9:26; Jeremiah 25:23, “them that dwell in the utmost corners,” or more accurately, those with cropped-hair temples, as descriptive of the wild tribes that are thus doomed to destruction. Their land shall be a dwelling-place for jackals (not “dragons”; see Note…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 49 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 32. The utmost corners] Even in these utmost inaccessible recesses the sword and pillage shall reach them. "'The utmost corners;' insulated coasts; the peninsula of Arabia." - Blayney.

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 49 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

32. that have the corners of their hair polled] See on ch. Jeremiah 9:26.

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 49 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Them ... corners - Or, those who clip the corners of their beards (compare Jeremiah 9:26).

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 49 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Their camels will become plunder, and their large herds will be spoil. I will scatter to the wind in every direction those who shave their temples; I will bring calamity on them from all sides,” declares the LORD.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Their camels will be a booty, and the multitude of their livestock a plunder. I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners of their beards cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them,” says Yahweh.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Their camels will become plunder, and their large herds will be spoil. I will scatter to the wind in every direction those who shave their temples; I will bring calamity on them from all sides,” declares the LORD.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Their camels will be taken as plunder. Their vast herds will be taken as spoil. I will scatter to the four winds those desert peoples who cut their hair short at the temples. I will bring disaster against them from every direction,” says the Lord.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith the LORD.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter unto all winds them that have the corners of their hair cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them, saith Jehovah.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter unto all winds them that have the corners of their hair polled; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them, saith the LORD.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter into all winds them that are in the utmost corners; and I will bring their calamity from all sides of it, saith the LORD.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And their camels shall be a bootie, and the multitude of their cattel a spoile, and I will scatter them into all windes, and to the vtmost corners, and I will bring their destruction from al the sides thereof, sayeth the Lord.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And their camels shall be a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil; and I will scatter to every wind them that have the corners [of their beard] cut off, and I will bring their calamity from all sides thereof, saith Jehovah.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And their camels have been for a prey, And the multitude of their cattle for a spoil, And I have scattered them to every wind, Who cut off the corner [of the beard], And from all its passages I bring in their calamity, An affirmation of Jehovah.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And their camels have been for a prey, || And the multitude of their livestock for a spoil, || And I have scattered them to every wind, || Who cut off the corner [of the beard], || And from all its passages I bring in their calamity, || A declaration of YHWH.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And their camels shall become a booty, and the multitude of their cattle a spoil: and I will scatter unto all winds those that have the hair cut round; and from all sides will I bring their calamity, saith the Lord.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

For their camels will become plunder, and the abundance of their property will become war plunder. Then I will scatter to every wind those who cut the corners of their hair, and I will bring disaster on them from every side—this is Yahweh's declaration.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And their camels shall be for a spoil, and the multitude of their cattle for a booty, and I will scatter into every wind them that have their hair cut round, and I will bring destruction upon them from I all their confines, saith the Lord.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Their camels and large herds will be plunder for you. I will scatter them everywhere, these desert people who trim their hair on the sides of their heads. I will bring disaster down on them from all directions, declares the Lord.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And their camels will be taken from them by force, and their great herds will come into the hands of their attackers: those who have the ends of their hair cut I will send in flight to all the winds; and I will send their fate on them from every side, says the Lord.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseclauseverbהָי֨וּthey.will.becomenoun phrase · subjectגְמַלֵּיcamelsהֶ֜םtheirprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ(into)בַ֗זspoilוַandclausenoun phrase · subjectהֲמ֤וֹןthe.abundancenoun phraseמִקְנֵיtheir.livestockהֶם֙theirprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְ(into)שָׁלָ֔לplunderוְandclauseverbזֵרִתִ֥יInoun phrase · objectםwill.scatter.themnoun phraseקְצוּצֵ֣י[those.who.are].cut.offפֵאָ֑הof.[the].cornerprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseכָלeveryר֖וּחַwindוּandclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfromnoun phraseכָּלallnoun phraseעֲבָרָ֛יsidesוitsverbאָבִ֥יאI.will.bringnoun phrase · objectאֶת(et)noun phraseאֵידָ֖disasterםtheirclausenoun phrase · predicateנְאֻםthe.utteranceיְהוָֽהof.Yahweh

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text of Jeremiah 49:32 states that the camels will become plunder and the herds will be spoil, with a promise of scattering those who shave their temples. The Septuagint largely agrees with the Masoretic Text, matching 15 out of 18 words in a word-by-word correspondence, though it presents the text with its own word order and articles. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variations for this verse, confirming the overall consistency of the text across these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהָי֨וּ גְמַלֵּיהֶ֜ם לָבַ֗ז וַהֲמ֤וֹן מִקְנֵיהֶם֙ לְשָׁלָ֔ל וְזֵרִתִ֥ים לְכָל־ ר֖וּחַ קְצוּצֵ֣י פֵאָ֑ה וּמִכָּל־ עֲבָרָ֛יו אָבִ֥יא אֶת־ אֵידָ֖ם נְאֻם־ יְהוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהָי֨וּἔσονταιגְמַלֵּיהֶ֜םαὐτῶνלָבַ֗זπρονομὴνוַהֲמ֤וֹןπλῆθοςמִקְנֵיהֶם֙αὐτῶνלְשָׁלָ֔לἀπώλειανוְזֵרִתִ֥יםαὐτοὺςלְכָל־κεκαρμένουςקְצוּצֵ֣יπαντὶפֵאָ֑הπνεύματιוּמִכָּל־παντὸςעֲבָרָ֛יוαὐτῶνאָבִ֥יאοἴσωנְאֻם־εἶπενיְהוָֽה׃κύριος

15 of the 18 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 49:32הָיָהand they wiand they will bהָיָהגָּמָלcamels theicamels theirגָּמָלבַּזspoilspoilבַּזהָמוֹןand [the] aand [the] abundהָמוֹןמִקְנֶהlivestock tlivestock theirמִקְנֶהשָׁלָלplunderplunderשָׁלָלזָרָהand I will and I will scatזָרָהכֹּלto everyto everyכֹּלרוּחַwindwindרוּחַקָצַץ[those who][those who] areקָצַץפֵּאָה[the] corne[the] cornerפֵּאָהכֹּלand from aland from allכֹּלעֵ֫בֶרsides itssides itsעֵ֫בֶרבּוֹאI will brinI will bringבּוֹאאֵתthe object the object markאֵתאֵידdisaster thdisaster theirאֵידנְאֻם[the] utter[the] utteranceנְאֻםיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהבָּזַזto plunderto plunderבָּזַזכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלגָּמַלto weanto weanגָּמַלהָמָהto roarto roarהָמָהקָנָהto buyto buyקָנָהרִיחַto smellto smellרִיחַעָבַרto passto passעָבַראוֹתsign: mirasign: miraculouאוֹתנָאַםto prophesto prophesyנָאַםהָיָהto beto beהָיָההָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאזוּרbe a stranbe a strangerזוּרפֹּהherehereפֹּהאוּדfirebrandfirebrandאוּדשָׁלַלto taketo takeשָׁלַלעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהקָדִיםeasteastקָדִים
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 49:32

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
וְהָי֨וּve.ha.Yu and they will become H1961 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common plural
Hc/Vqq3cp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-kum':

(1) Greek ginomai, used in New Testament for a change of state, corresponding to Hebrew hayah of Old Testament. Compare Mt 18:3 with De 27:9.

(2) For what is fitting, suitable, proper, in New Testament: "prepei" (Mt 3:15; Eph 5:3; 1Ti 2:10); in Old Testament, na'awah, na'ah, Ps 93:5: "Holiness becometh thy house." in this sense, the adverb "becomingly" must be interpreted: "Walk becomingly toward them that are without" (1Th 4:12), i.e. in a way that is consistent with your profession.

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
גְמַלֵּיהֶ֜םge.ma.lei.Hem camels their H1581 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A camel, used for riding or carrying loads, is mentioned in the Bible as a valuable animal. In the KJV, it is translated simply as 'camel'.
Amplified meaning
valuable riding animals
Tyndale gloss
camel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּמָל (gamal) means 'camel' and is associated with labor and burden-bearing. It refers to camels as property, used for riding or as beasts of burden, and notes that they are forbidden as food. The entries consistently emphasize the camel's role in transportation and labor.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּמָל n.m. camel

as property

as beasts of burden

for riding

forbidden as food

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1581 גָּמָל camel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1581 gamal gaw-mawl'

apparently from 1580 (in the sense of labor or

burden-bearing); a camel:--camel.

see HEBREW for 01580

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּמָל (ga.mal) — camel.

1) camel

1a) as property, as beast of burden, for riding, forbidden for food

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3mp
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
לָבַ֗זla.Vaz spoil H957 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
25× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means plunder or spoil, referring to goods taken by force, as seen in the conquests of Joshua. It can also imply robbery or spoiling something. The concept appears in various KJV translations, including booty and prey.
Amplified meaning
spoils of war, booty
Tyndale gloss
plunder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּז (baz) refers to the concepts of spoiling and robbery, encompassing meanings like spoil, booty, and plunder. It is derived from a root meaning to plunder. The term appears in contexts related to theft and the acquisition of goods through force.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּז n.[m.] spoiling, robbery; spoil, booty

spoiling, robbery

spoil, booty, plunder

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H957 בַּז spoiling, robbery; spoil, booty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

957 baz baz

from 962; plunder:--booty, prey, spoil(-ed).

see HEBREW for 0962

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּז (baz) — plunder.

spoil, booty, robbery, spoiling

Also means: bag (בַּג "spoil" H0897)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

spoil.

See BOOTY; WAR, 8.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Booty taken in war, in which all the soldiers were permitted by David to share, whether actually engaged in battle or not, 1Sa 30:21-25. A portion of what was thus gained was devoted to the Lord of hosts as early as the time of Abraham, Ge 14:20; and under the Mosaic legislation a definite rule for this purpose was established, Nu 31:26-47 1Ch 26:27.

Christ "spoiled" principalities and powers when by his atoning work he triumphed over Satan and his hosts, and deprived them of their power to injure his people, Col 2:15. Paul warns Christians not to permit human philosophy, tradition, etc., to "spoil" them, that is, to…

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
וַהֲמ֤וֹןva.ha.Mon and [the] abundance of H1995 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
83× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Being in a state of turmoil or having a lot of noise is what this Hebrew word means. It can also refer to a large crowd or abundance of something, like in the book of Proverbs where it describes a multitude of people.
Tyndale gloss
crowd
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הָמוֹן (hamown) refers to a sound or noise, encompassing meanings like murmur, roar, tumult, and crowd. It also conveys concepts of abundance and wealth. The verb form הָמַן (haman) means to rage or be turbulent. The entries highlight a range of uses, from describing a multitude to expressing confusion or disquiet.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָמוֹן n.m. sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance

sound, murmur, rush, roar

tumult, confusion (as occasioning a roar)

crowd, multitude

great number, abundance (late)

abundance, wealth

base

[הָמַן] vb. rage, be turbulent

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1995a הָמוֹן sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance H1995b הָמַן rage, be turbulent

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1995 hamown haw-mone'

or hamon (Ezek. 5:7) {haw-mone'}; from 1993; a noise, tumult,

crowd; also disquietude, wealth:--abundance, company, many,

multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store,

tumult.

see HEBREW for 01993

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָמוֹן (ha.mon) — crowd.

1) murmur, roar, crowd, abundance, tumult, sound

1a) sound, murmur, rush, roar

1b) tumult, confusion

1c) crowd, multitude

1d) great number, abundance

1e) abundance, wealth

הָמַן (ha.man) — be turbulent.

to rage, be turbulent

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
מִקְנֵיהֶם֙mik.nei.Hem livestock their H4735 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
76× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Livestock, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, are domestic animals that can be bought and owned, as described in the Bible, including in the book of Genesis and the story of Abraham's wealth.
Amplified meaning
multitude of cattle
Tyndale gloss
livestock
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִקְנֶה (miqneh) refers to cattle or livestock, specifically domestic animals that can be purchased. It encompasses general terms for herds and flocks, including cows, sheep, and goats. The word is derived from a root meaning 'something bought' and relates to property and possession.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִקְנֶה 76 n.m. cattle

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4735 מִקְנֶה cattle

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4735 miqneh mik-neh'

from 7069; something bought, i.e. property, but only

livestock; abstractly, acquisition:--cattle, flock, herd,

possession, purchase, substance.

see HEBREW for 07069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִקְנֶה (miq.neh) — livestock.

1) cattle, livestock

1a) cattle, livestock

1a1) in general of a purchasable domestic animal

1b) cows, sheep, goats (in herds and flocks)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
לְשָׁלָ֔לle.sha.Lal plunder H7998 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
73× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shâlâl refers to the spoils of war, or the booty taken from enemies. It is used in the Bible to describe the plunder or prey taken in battle. In the KJV, it is translated as 'prey' or 'spoil'.
Amplified meaning
plunder, goods taken by force
Tyndale gloss
spoil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁלָל (shalal) refers to prey, spoil, or plunder, often in the context of war. It is derived from the root word שָׁלַל (H7997). The term encompasses various forms of gain, including private plunder and booty. The entries consistently emphasize its association with spoils of war.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁלָל 75 n.m. prey, spoil, plunder, booty

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7998 שָׁלָל prey, spoil, plunder, booty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7998 shalal shaw-lawl'

from 7997; booty:--prey, spoil.

see HEBREW for 07997

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלָל (sha.lal) — spoil.

1) prey, plunder, spoil, booty

1a) prey

1b) booty, spoil, plunder (of war)

1c) plunder (private)

1d) gain (meaning uncertain)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
וְזֵרִתִ֥יםve.ze.ri.Tim and I will scatter them H2219 Verb piel sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew verb means to scatter or toss something about, and can also imply diffusing or winnowing. It is used in various forms throughout the Bible, including the books of Psalms and Isaiah. The word has different meanings based on context, such as casting away or spreading out.
Amplified meaning
disperse, toss about
Tyndale gloss
to scatter
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָרָה (zarah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scatter, fan, or winnow. It encompasses various actions such as tossing about, dispersing, and spreading. The word appears in different forms, including Qal (to scatter), Niphal (to be scattered), and Piel (to intensively scatter). Notably, it is used in contexts like the scattering of the Israelites and the winnowing of grain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[זָרָה] vb. scatter, fan, winnow (Ar. Arabic cause to fly, scatter (of wind), winnow; Aram. דְּרָא, Syriac; Eth. Ethiopic)—

Qal

scatter, the powder into which the golden calf was ground

fan, winnow

Niph. be scattered, dispersed, of Israel

Pi.

(intens. of Qal) scatter, disperse, esp. of peoples

winnow, sift

Pu. be scattered

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2219 [זָרָה] scatter, fan, winnow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2219 zarah zaw-raw'

a primitive root (compare 2114); to toss about; by

implication, to diffuse, winnow:--cast away, compass,

disperse, fan, scatter (away), spread, strew, winnow.

see HEBREW for 02114

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָרָה (za.rah) — to scatter.

1) to scatter, fan, cast away, winnow, disperse, compass, spread, be scattered, be dispersed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to scatter

1a2) to fan, winnow

1b) (Niphal) to be scattered, be dispersed

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to scatter, disperse (intensive of Qal)

1c2) to winnow, sift

1d) (Pual) to be scattered, be spread out

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-1cs | Suff — Verb piel sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vpq1cs/Sp3mp
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
לְכָל־le.khol to every H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
all sides, every corner
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
ר֖וּחַRu.ach wind H7307 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
378× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Amplified meaning
a blast of air
Tyndale gloss
spirit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

wind (117 t.)

spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

spirit of the living, breathing being

spirit as seat of emotion

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

rarely of the will

רוּחַ esp. of moral character

spirit of God (94 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

. wind (117 t.)

. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

. spirit of the living, breathing being

. spirit as seat of emotion

. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

. rarely of the will

. רוּחַ esp. of moral character

. spirit of God (94 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7307 ruwach roo'-akh

from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or

even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,

unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by

resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including

its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X

cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),

tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).

see HEBREW for 07306

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.

: spirit

1) wind, breath, mind, spirit

1a) breath

1b) wind

1b1) of heaven

1b2) quarter (of wind), side

1b3) breath of air

1b4) air, gas

1b5) vain, empty thing

1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)

1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour

1c2) courage

1c3) temper, anger

1c4) impatience, patience

1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)

1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse

1c7) prophetic spirit

1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)

1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being

1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)

1e1) desire

1e2) sorrow, trouble

1f) spirit

1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts

1f2) rarely of the will

1f3) as seat especially of moral character

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wind (anemos:

1. Causes:

Unequal distribution of heat in the atmosphere causes currents of air or wind. The heated air rises and the air from around rushes in. The direction from which a current comes determines its name, as west wind coming from the West but blowing toward the East. When two currents of air of different directions meet, a spiral motion sometimes results.

See WHIRLWIND.

2. West Wind:

In Palestine the west wind is the most common. It comes from the sea and carries the moisture which condenses to form clouds, as it is turned upward by the mountains, to the cooler layers of the atmosphere. If the temperature reached is cool enough the cloud condenses and rain falls. Elijah looked toward the West for the "small cloud," and soon "the heavens grew black with clouds and wind" (1Ki 18:44 f). "When ye see a cloud rising in the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Blasting 2Ki 19:7,35

→ East

Hot and blasting in Egypt Ge 41:6

In the valley of the Euphrates River Eze 19:12

In Canaan Ho 13:15; Lu 12:55

At the city of Nineveh Jon 4:8

Tempestuous in the land of Uz Job 27:21

→ West

Took away the plague of locusts from the land of Egypt Ex 10:19

→ North

Free from humidity in Canaan Pr 25:23

→ South

Soothing Job 37:17

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
קְצוּצֵ֣יke.tzu.Tzei [those who] are cut off of H7112 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural common
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to cut something off, either physically or figuratively. It is used in the Bible to describe cutting off a branch or a piece of wood, and also to describe being cut off from a group or community.
Amplified meaning
cut off, trim
Tyndale gloss
to cut
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָצַץ (qatsats) means to cut off, with various nuances such as chopping or hewing in pieces. It is a primitive root that appears in different forms: Qal (to cut off), Piel (to cut or hew off), and Pual (to be cut off). The term is also related to an Aramaic equivalent, קְצַץ (H7113).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[קָצַץ] vb. cut off

Qal consec.

Pi. cut of hew off

Pu. hewn off

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7112 [קָצַץ] cut off

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7112 qatsats kaw-tsats'

a primitive root; to chop off (literally or

figuratively):--cut (asunder, in pieces, in sunder, off), X

utmost.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָצַץ (qa.tsats) — to cut.

1) to cut off

1a) (Qal) to cut off

1b) (Piel) to cut or hew off, cut in two, cut in pieces

1c) (Pual) to be cut or hewn off

Aramaic equivalent: qe.tsats (קְצַץ "to cut" H7113)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural common
HVqsmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
פֵאָ֑הfe.'Ah [the] corner H6285 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
86× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the side or corner of something, like the edge of a room or a region. It is used in the Bible to describe geography or location. In the KJV, it is translated as 'corner' or 'side'.
Amplified meaning
sides of the head, corners of the beard
Tyndale gloss
side
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֵּאָה (pe'ah) refers to a corner or side, indicating a part that is cut off or an extremity. It is a feminine noun derived from another Hebrew word, and its meanings include corner, edge, and quarter. The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing directional or spatial aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֵּאָה 81 n.f. corner, side (part cut off)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6285 פֵּאָה corner, side (part cut off)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6285 pe'ah pay-aw'

feminine of 6311; properly, mouth in a figurative sense, i.e.

direction, region, extremity:--corner, end, quarter, side.

see HEBREW for 06311

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֵּאָה (pe.ah) — side.

1) corner, edge, side, quarter, extremity

1a) corner

1b) side

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kor'-ner (miqtsoa`, pe'ah, pinnah; arche, gonia, akrogoniaios): In Ex 26:24; Eze 41:22; 46:21,22, miqtsoa`, "angle" is translated "corner"; pe'ah, "side," "quarter" and pinnah "corner," "front," "chief," are more frequently so translated, e.g. Ex 25:26; Le 19:9; Jer 9:26; 25:23; and Ex 27:2; 1Ki 7:34; Ps 118:22; Isa 28:16 ("corner-stone"); Jer 51:26.…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Corner

The angle of a house (Job 1:19) or a street (Prov. 7:8). “Corners” in Neh. 9:22 denotes the various districts of the promised land allotted to the Israelites. In Num. 24:17, the “corners of Moab” denotes the whole land of Moab. The “corner of a field” (Lev. 19:9; 23:22) is its extreme part, which was not to be reaped. The Jews were prohibited from cutting the “corners,” i.e., the extremities, of the hair and whiskers running round the ears (Lev. 19:27; 21:5). The “four corners of the earth” in Isa. 11:12 and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The "corner" of the field was not allowed, (Leviticus 19:9) to be wholly reaped. It formed a right of the poor to carry off what was so left, and this was a part of the maintenance from the soil to which that class were entitled. Under the scribes, minute legislation fixed one-sixtieth as the portion of a field which was to be left for the legal "corner." The proportion being thus fixed, all the grain might be reaped, and enough to satisfy the regulation subsequently separated from the whole crop. This "corner" was, like the gleaning, tithe-free.

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
וּמִכָּל־u.mi.kol- and from all H3605 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/R/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
עֲבָרָ֛יו'a.va.Rav sides its H5676 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
90× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a region or side, often referring to the area beyond or across a river, and can be used to describe a location, direction, or perspective.
Amplified meaning
every direction, all corners
Tyndale gloss
side: beyond
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵ֫בֶר (eber) refers to a region across or beyond, often used adverbially to indicate the opposite side, particularly in relation to the Jordan River. It encompasses meanings such as 'side,' 'beyond,' and 'quarter.' The lexicons highlight its usage in various contexts, including geographical references, but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵ֫בֶר 91 n.m. region across or beyond, side

region across or beyond anything

(Opposite) side, side

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5676 עֵ֫בֶר region across or beyond, side

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5676 `eber ay'-ber

from 5674; properly, a region across; but used only

adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite

side (especially of the Jordan; ususally meaning the

east):--X against, beyond, by, X from, over, passage,

quarter, (other, this) side, straight.

see HEBREW for 05674

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beside.

: side/beside

1) region beyond or across, side

1a) region across or beyond

1b) side, opposite side

עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: beyond.

: ahead/beyond

1) region beyond or across, side

1a) region across or beyond

1b) side, opposite side

עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — side: west.

: west

1) region beyond or across, side

1a) region across or beyond

1b) side, opposite side

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
אָבִ֥יא'a.Vi' I will bring H935 Verb · Hiphil · imperfect first person common singular
2,573× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to go or come, and is used in many contexts, such as entering a place or approaching someone, as seen in the book of Genesis. It can also mean to abide or apply, and is translated in various ways in the KJV Bible. This term is related to the name Lebo Hamath.
Tyndale gloss
Lebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go

Qal

come in

come (approach, arrive)

go, i.e. walk, associate with

go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

Hiph.

cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

Hoph.

be brought in (of pers. and things)

be brought

be introduced, put

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in

. come (approach, arrive)

. go, i.e. walk, associate with

. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given

. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)

. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)

. . be brought in (of pers. and things)

. be brought

. be introduced, put

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

935 bow' bo

a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of

applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +

besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X

certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,

upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,

(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be

fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),

grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,

pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken

(in age), X surely, take (in), way.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.

: come/go_in

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

1a5) to go

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to lead in

1b2) to carry in

1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon

1b4) to bring to pass

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought, brought in

1c2) to be introduced, be put

לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).

This name means to go in, enter

Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)

בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.

: towards/entrance

1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to enter, come in

1a2) to come

1a2a) to come with

1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)

1a2c) to come to pass

1a3) to attain to

1a4) to be enumerated

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect first person common singular
HVhi1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

dasha' = "to sprout," "spring" (Ge 1:11 the King James Version); sharats = "to wriggle," "swarm" (Ge 1:20 f; 9:7; Ex 8:3); yaladh = "to bear," "beget" (Ge 3:16; 2Ki 19:3; Job 15:35; 39:1,2; "what a day may bring forth," Pr 27:1; "before the decree bring forth," Ze 2:2); `anan = "to cloud over," "to darken" (Ge 9:14); shalach = "to send on," "to escort" (Ge 18:16); shubh = "to turn back," "bring" (again, back…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
אֶת־'et- the object marker H853 Particle
10,946× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word points out the object of a verb or preposition, like 'namely' or 'even'. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus. It's not directly translated in English, but helps clarify the meaning of sentences.
Tyndale gloss
[Obj.]
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

853 'eth ayth

apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of

entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more

definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or

namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).

see HEBREW for 0226

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵת (et) — [Obj.].

sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative

Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTo — Particle
HTo
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
אֵידָ֖ם'ei.Dam disaster their H343 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
24× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means calamity or disaster, and can also mean oppression or misfortune. It's used in the Bible to describe difficult times, like in the book of Job.
Amplified meaning
disaster, oppression
Tyndale gloss
calamity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵיד (eyd) refers to distress or calamity, encompassing various forms of misfortune such as national calamities, burdens of the righteous, and disasters affecting the wicked. It is derived from a root meaning to bend down, indicating oppression or ruin. The term appears in contexts related to suffering and disaster.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵיד n.m. distress, calamity

national calam. of Isr. (apostate)

of righteous sufferer

oft. of wicked

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H343 אֵיד distress, calamity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

343 'eyd ade

from the same as 181 (in the sense of bending down);

oppression; by implication misfortune, ruin:--calamity,

destruction.

see HEBREW for 0181

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵיד (ed) — calamity.

1) distress, burden, calamity

1a) burden (of the righteous)

1b) calamity (of nation)

1c) disaster (of wicked)

1d) day of calamity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
נְאֻם־ne.'um- [the] utterance of H5002 Noun common · masculine singular construct
376× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to an utterance or declaration from God, often through a prophet. It is used in the Bible to describe a revelation or message from God, like in Exodus or Numbers.
Tyndale gloss
utterance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נְאֻם (*n'um*) means 'utterance' or 'oracle,' derived from the root meaning 'to say.' It refers to declarations, often made by prophets, particularly in ecstatic states or preceding divine names. The entries consistently highlight its prophetic context without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נְאֻם 376 n.m. utterance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5002 נְאֻם utterance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5002 n'um neh-oom'

from 5001; an oracle:--(hath) said, saith.

see HEBREW for 05001

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נְאֻם (ne.um) — utterance.

1) (Qal) utterance, declaration (of prophet)

1a) utterance, declaration, revelation (of prophet in ecstatic state)

1b) utterance, declaration (elsewhere always preceding divine name)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and they will become camels their spoil and [the] abundance of livestock their plunder and I will scatter them to every wind [those who] are cut off of [the] corner and from all sides its I will bring the object marker disaster their [the] utterance of Yahweh
יְהוָֽה׃Yah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, the supreme God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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