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Jeremiah 8:20 — Word Study

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WLCעָבַ֥ר קָצִ֖יר כָּ֣לָה קָ֑יִץ וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃

BSAThe harvestqâtsîyr [season of reaping, time of gathering] has passedʻâbar [come to an end, transitioned] the summerqayits [fruitful season, time of warmth] has endedkâlâh [come to a close, been completed] but weʼănachnûw [as a people, collectively] have notlôʼ [in no way, not at all] been savedyâshaʻ [rescued, delivered from trouble]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 8
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 20 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (no.Sha.'e.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 8:20quick helps
In a sentenceThe season of harvest has passed, yet the people remain unrescued.
Who is speakingThe people of Jerusalem, expressing their despair.
Where we areIn a lament over their situation, reflecting on missed opportunities.
The hard wordנוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ
Take awayTime has run out, but salvation has not come.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectקָצִיר verbעָבַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 8:20

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Lament of Jerusalemgenerated

19Listen to the cry of the daughter of my people from a land far away: “Is the LORD no longer in Zion? Is her King no longer there?” “Why have they provoked Me to anger with their carved images, with their worthless foreign idols?”
20“The harvest has passed, the summer has ended, but we have not been saved.”
21For the brokenness of the daughter of my people I am crushed. I mourn; horror has gripped me.
22Is there no balm in Gilead? Is no physician there? Why then has the health of the daughter of my people not been restored?

Jeremiah 8:20 captures the sorrow of the people of Jerusalem as they reflect on the passing of the harvest and summer without experiencing salvation. This lament follows a cry for help in Jeremiah 8:19 and precedes further expressions of grief in Jeremiah 8:21. The imagery of harvest and summer emphasizes the urgency and finality of their situation, as they feel abandoned and unrescued by God amidst their suffering.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Proverbs 10:5He who gathers in summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.
2Luke 13:25After the master of the house gets up and shuts the door, you will stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ But he will reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’
3Luke 19:44They will level you to the ground—you and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God. ”
4Hebrews 3:7–15Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: “Today, if you hear His voice,
5Matthew 25:1–12“At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.Proverbs 10:5 Luke 13:25 Luke 19:44 Hebrews 3:7–15 Matthew 25:1–12

The Key Word נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ, no.Sha.'e.nugenerated

The word יָשַׁע (yasha`) means to save or deliver, indicating a state of being rescued from danger or trouble. It is often used in contexts of physical or moral salvation, reflecting a deep need for deliverance.

In this verse, the use of the first-person plural form we have been saved highlights the collective despair of the people. They express a sense of hopelessness, as they have not experienced the salvation they long for, despite the passing of significant seasons.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of two main clauses linked by a conjunction: the first clause describes the passing of the harvest and summer, while the second expresses the people's lack of salvation. The structure emphasizes the contrast between the changing seasons and the unchanged state of the people.

The finite verbs עָבַר (it has passed) and כָּלָה (it has come to an end) govern the respective subjects, קָצִ֖יר (harvest) and קָ֑יִץ (summer), establishing a rhythmic flow that highlights the urgency of their situation.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates עָבַר as διῆλθεν (dielthen), which means 'to pass through' or 'to go by.' This choice suggests a more active transition than the Hebrew, emphasizing the movement of time.

For יָשַׁע, the LXX uses διεσώθημεν (diesōthēmen), meaning 'we have been saved.' This aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning but may imply a more definitive state of salvation than the original Hebrew conveys.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 8:20 expresses the sorrow of the people of Jerusalem, who lament the passing of the harvest and summer without experiencing salvation. They feel abandoned and unrescued despite the seasons changing around them, highlighting their desperate situation.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that the harvest has passed?

The harvest symbolizes a time of opportunity and abundance, and its passing indicates that a crucial moment has been missed.

Why does the speaker say they have not been saved?

This reflects a deep sense of despair and abandonment, as the people feel they have not received the deliverance they desperately need.

What is the significance of the seasons mentioned?

The seasons symbolize the cycles of life and time, emphasizing the urgency of their situation and the finality of their missed opportunities.

How does this verse connect with the surrounding context?

The surrounding verses express the people's cries for help and their brokenness, making this lament a poignant reflection of their collective suffering.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I felt a sense of urgency in my own life, similar to the people in this verse?
  2. How can I recognize and seize opportunities for growth and change before they pass?
  3. What does it mean for me to seek deliverance or salvation in my own circumstances?
  4. How can I support others who feel abandoned or unrescued, like the people in this passage?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, reflecting on the people's situation as they face the consequences of their actions and the passage of time.

JeromeVerse 20. c. 347–420
The harvest has passed, the summer is ended: and we are not saved. Once again the people speak, who were besieged in Jerusalem for a long time, because the times have changed, and the cycle of years has come to an end,
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 8 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 8:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The harvest is past,.... Which was in the month of Ijar, as Jarchi observes, and answers to part of April and May: the summer is ended; which was in the month Tammuz, and answers to part of June and

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 8 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved. The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved - proverbial.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 8 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The harvest is past, and the winter no time for war; the people’ s continued complaint, not unlike that . The year is gone, and we are still frustrated in our expectations, the time that we expected help from Egypt, ,3,5. We are not saved, viz. by the Egyptians, or any other confederates.

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 8 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 8:20 The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.Ver. 20. The harvest is past, the summer is ended.] They had set God a time, and looked for help that summer at farthest; but the Lord, as he never faileth in his own time, so he seldom comes at ours. Let us think we hear our poor brethren in Piedmont, Poland, Pomerania, complaining to us in this sort, and be excited to help them by our prayers and reliefs, &c.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 8 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(20) The harvest is past . . .—The question of Jehovah, admitting of no answer but a confession of guilt, is met by another cry of despair from the sufferers of the future. They are as men in a year of famine—“The harvest is past,” and there has been no crop for men to reap. Summer.—In Isaiah 16:9; Jeremiah 40:10, and elsewhere, the word is rendered by “summer fruits.” “The summer” (better, the fruit-gathering) is ended, and yet they are not saved from misery and death. All has failed alike. The whole formula had probably become proverbial for extremest misery. It is well to remember that the barley-harvest coincided with the Passover, the wheat-harvest with Pentecost, the fruit-gathering…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 8 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 20. The harvest is past] The siege of Jerusalem lasted two years; for Nebuchadnezzar came against it in the ninth year of Zedekiah, and the city was taken in the eleventh; see 2Kg 25:1-3. This seems to have been a proverb: "We expected deliverance the first year - none came. We hoped for it the second year - we are disappointed; we are not saved - no deliverance is come."

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 8 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

20. The harvest lasted from April to June; later came “the summer,” better (mg.), ingathering of summer fruits. As when the harvest was bad, there remained yet hopes from the yield of grapes, figs, olives, etc., and till these hopes had failed to be realised, men did not despair; so the people had lost one chance after another, and were now without any hope. It is probably a proverbial saying applied by the prophet.

Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 8 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The summer - Rather, the fruit-gathering, which follows the grain-harvest.

Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 8 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

“The harvest has passed, the summer has ended, but we have not been saved.”

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“The harvest is past. The summer has ended, and we are not saved.”

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

“The harvest has passed, the summer has ended, but we have not been saved.”

NETBNew English Translation2006

“They cry, ‘Harvest time has come and gone, and the summer is over, and still we have not been delivered.’

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The haruest is past, the sommer is ended, and we are not holpen.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Harvest hath passed, summer hath ended, And we — we have not been saved.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Harvest has passed, summer has ended, || And we have not been saved.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

“The harvest is past, the summer is ended, and we are not yet helped.”

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The harvest has passed on, summer is over. But we have not been saved.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The harvest is passed, the summer is ended, and we are not saved.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

“The harvest is over, the summer is finished, but we're not saved,” say the people.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The grain-cutting is past, the summer is ended, and no salvation has come to us.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbעָבַ֥רit.has.passedsubjectקָצִ֖ירharvestclauseverbכָּ֣לָהit.has.come.to.an.endsubjectקָ֑יִץsummerוַandclausesubjectאֲנַ֖חְנוּweadverbialל֥וֹאnotverbנוֹשָֽׁעְנוּwe.have.been.saved

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: עָבַ֥ר קָצִ֖יר כָּ֣לָה קָ֑יִץ וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃. The Septuagint matches all seven words, indicating a close correspondence in meaning. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain the same words, but seven were supplied by an editor due to damage.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עָבַ֥ר קָצִ֖יר כָּ֣לָה קָ֑יִץ וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּ ל֥וֹא נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עָבַ֥רδιῆλθενקָצִ֖ירθέροςכָּ֣לָהπαρῆλθενקָ֑יִץἄμητοςוַאֲנַ֖חְנוּἡμεῖςל֥וֹאοὐנוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃διεσώθημεν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q70a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[עבר] [קציר] [כלה] [קיץ] [ואנחנו] [לא] [נושענו]

nothing on the leather here — 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 8:20עָבַרit has passit has passedעָבַרקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִירכָּלָהit has comeit has come to כָּלָהקַ֫יִץsummersummerקַ֫יִץאֲנַ֫חְנוּand weand weאֲנַ֫חְנוּלֹאnotnotלֹאיָשַׁעwe have beewe have been saיָשַׁעקָצֵרbe shortbe shortקָצֵרקַ֫יִץto summerto summerקַ֫יִץאָֽנֹכִ֫יIIאָֽנֹכִ֫ייַרְדֵןJordanJordanיַרְדֵןחָלַץto rescueto rescueחָלַץקַ֫יִץsummersummerקַ֫יִץחִטָּהwheatwheatחִטָּהקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִירחֵמָהragerageחֵמָהכְּלוּבbasketbasketכְּלוּבחֹ֫רֶףautumnautumnחֹ֫רֶףאֵיךְhow?how?אֵיךְפֹּהherehereפֹּהיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדבַּצָּרָהdearthdearthבַּצָּרָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 8:20

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
עָבַ֥ר'a.Var it has passed H5674 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
556× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Amplified meaning
come to an end, transitioned
Tyndale gloss
to pass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on

Qal

pass over

Pass beyond

Pass through, traverse

pass along by

pass by

sweep by, of scourge

be past, over, of time

pass along (from hand to hand)

Pass on, go on

Pass away

Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

Pi.

his bull impregnateth

cause one to cross river

cause something to pass over

make over to

devote children to (לְ) heathen god

pass along (from hand to hand)

cause to pass through

let pass through

cause to pass by

let pass by

cause arrow to pass beyond

cause to pass under rod, for counting

cause to pass away, take away

Hiph.

cause to pass over, bring over

he made to pass across with chains of gold

base

[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over

. Pass beyond

. Pass through, traverse

. . pass along by

. pass by

. sweep by, of scourge

. be past, over, of time

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. Pass on, go on

. Pass away

. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river

. cause something to pass over

. make over to

. devote children to (לְ) heathen god

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. . cause to pass through

. let pass through

. . cause to pass by

. let pass by

. cause arrow to pass beyond

. cause to pass under rod, for counting

. cause to pass away, take away

. . cause to pass over, bring over

. he made to pass across with chains of gold

H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5674 `abar aw-bar'

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any

transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,

intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,

through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),

convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,

gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,

in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,

overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)

pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,

through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,

provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,

send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X

speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)

transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be

wrath.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.

1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over

1a2) to pass beyond

1a3) to pass through, traverse

1a3a) passers-through (participle)

1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)

1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by

1a4a) passer-by (participle)

1a4b) to be past, be over

1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance

1a6) to pass away

1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)

1a6b) to vanish

1a6c) to perish, cease to exist

1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)

1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands

1b) (Niphal) to be crossed

1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross

1d) (Hiphil)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
קָצִ֖ירka.Tzir harvest H7105 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to the harvest or the time of harvest, as well as the reaper or the crop itself. It can also mean a limb or foliage of a tree, emphasizing the idea of growth and abundance. The concept of harvest is central to the biblical narrative, particularly in the book of Ruth.
Amplified meaning
season of reaping, time of gathering
Tyndale gloss
harvest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָצִיר (qatsiyr) refers to the act of harvesting or the harvest itself, encompassing the process, the crop, and the time of harvest. It can also denote boughs or branches of trees. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to sever,' indicating its connection to reaping.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָצִיר n.m. harvesting, harvest

process of harvesting

what is reaped, harvested, crop

time of harvest

base

קָצִיר n.m. usually coll., boughs, branches

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7105a קָצִיר harvesting, harvest H7105b קָצִיר usually coll., boughs, branches

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7105 qatsiyr kaw-tseer'

from 7114; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the

time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or

simply foliage):--bough, branch, harvest (man).

see HEBREW for 07114

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — harvest.

1) harvest, harvesting

1a) process of harvesting

1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped

1c) time of harvest

קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — foliage.

boughs, branches

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

har'-vest (qatsir; therismos): To many of us, harvest time is of little concern, because in our complex life we are far removed from the actual production of our food supplies, but for the Hebrew people, as for those in any agricultural district today, the harvest was a most important season (Ge 8:22; 45:6). Events were reckoned from harvests (Ge 30:14; Jos 3:15; Jud 15:1; Ru 1:22; 2:23; 1Sa 6:13; 2Sa 21:9; 23:13). The three principal feasts of the Jews corresponded to the three harvest seasons (

→ Sabbath to be observed in Ex 34:21

→ Sabbath desecrated in Ne 13:15-22

→ Of wheat at Pentecost, in Palestine Ex 34:22; Le 23:15-17

→ And of wheat before harvest time Le 26:5

→ Of barley, before wheat Ex 9:31,32

→ Celebrated with joy Jud 9:27; Isa 9:3; 16:10; Jer 48:33

it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
כָּ֣לָהKa.lah it has come to an end H3615 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
208× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to finish or end something, like completing a task or using up a resource, as seen in Genesis 2:2 where God finished creating the heavens and earth.
Amplified meaning
come to a close, been completed
Tyndale gloss
to end: finish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כָּלָה (*kalah*) is a primitive root meaning to end or finish. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to complete, accomplish, perish, and destroy. The entries indicate various uses in both intransitive and transitive forms, covering actions like finishing a task or causing something to cease. Notably, it can also imply negative connotations, such as plotting or destruction.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּלָה 204 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent

Qal

be complete, at an end, of a period of time

be completed, finished, of a work

be accomplished, fulfilled

be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted

be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water

waste away, be exhausted, fail

come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed

Pi.

complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.

complete a period of time

finish doing a thing

make an end, end

accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

accomplish in thought, determine

put an end to, cause to cease

cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

destroy, sts. exterminate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3615 כָּלָה be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent .. . be complete, at an end, of a period of time

. be completed, finished, of a work

. be accomplished, fulfilled

. be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted

. . be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water

. waste away, be exhausted, fail

. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed

. . . complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.

. complete a period of time

. finish doing a thing

. make an end, end

. accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

. accomplish in thought, determine

. . put an end to, cause to cease

. cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

. destroy, sts. exterminate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3615 kalah kaw-law'

a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be

finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare,

consume):--accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine,

destroy (utterly), be (when ... were) done, (be an) end (of),

expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, X fully, X

have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make

clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: finish.

: finish

1) to accomplish, cease, consume, determine, end, fail, finish, be complete, be accomplished, be ended, be at an end, be finished, be spent

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be complete, be at an end

1a2) to be completed, be finished

1a3) to be accomplished, be fulfilled

1a4) to be determined, be plotted (bad sense)

1a5) to be spent, be used up

1a6) to waste away, be exhausted, fail

1a7) to come to an end, vanish, perish, be destroyed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to complete, bring to an end, finish

1b2) to complete (a period of time)

1b3) to finish (doing a thing)

1b4) to make an end, end

1b5) to accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass

1b6) to accomplish, determine (in thought)

1b7) to put an end to, cause to cease

1b8) to cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend

1b9) to destroy, exterminate

1c) (Pual) to be finished, be ended, be completed

כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: destroy.

: destroy

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

qets, 'ephec, kalah; telos, sunteleo:

The end of anything is its termination, hence, also, final object or purpose.

It is the translation of several Hebrew and Greek words, chiefly in the Old Testament of qets (properly, "a cutting off") and other words from the same root (Ge 6:13, "The end of all flesh is come before me"); 'acharith, "hinder part," is also frequently translated "end" (De 11:12; Ps 37:37,38, American Revised Version: "There is a happy end to the man of peace .... The end of the wicked shall be cut off"; the English Revised Version "latter end" (Ps 37:37), margin "reward" or "future posterity"; Ps 73:17

Easton's Bible Dictionary

End

In Heb. 13:7, is the rendering of the unusual Greek word ekbasin, meaning “outcome”, i.e., death. It occurs only elsewhere in 1 Cor. 10:13, where it is rendered “escape.”

it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
קָ֑יִץKa.yitz summer H7019 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for summer refers to the harvest season or the fruit of that season, and is also used to describe the dry summer months, as seen in its Aramaic equivalent.
Amplified meaning
fruitful season, time of warmth
Tyndale gloss
summer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קַ֫יִץ (qayits) refers to summer and summer-fruit, indicating both the season and its produce. It is derived from a root meaning to harvest, encompassing the idea of crops, whether grain or fruit. The word appears in contexts related to the harvest season.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קַ֫יִץ n.m. summer, summer-fruit

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7019 קַ֫יִץ summer, summer-fruit

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7019 qayits kah'-yits

from 6972; harvest (as the crop), whether the product (grain

or fruit) or the (dry) season:--summer (fruit, house).

see HEBREW for 06972

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קַ֫יִץ (qa.yits) — summer.

1) summer, summer-fruit

1a) summer

1b) summer-fruit

Aramaic equivalent: qa.yit (קַ֫יִט "summer" H7007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sum'-er (qayits; Aramaic qayiT (Da 2:35), from quts quT, "to cut off," "to pluck or gather fruit," hence, the time of fruit, summer (2Sa 16:1,2; Jer 40:10,12); theros (Mt 24:32; Lu 21:30)): The Hebrew verb, mentioned above, occurs in Isa 18:6, "to summer," used of the ravenous birds feeding upon carcasses of the slain. The term "summer parlor" in Jud 3:20 (compare 3:24) is literally, "upper room," and is so rendered in the Revised Version (British and American). The summer was the dry season extending from April…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See CANAAN.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Season of, promised while the earth remains Ge 8:22

→ Cool rooms for Jud 3:20,24; Am 3:15

→ Fruits of 2Sa 16:1,2; Isa 16:9; 28:4; Jer 40:10,12; 48:32; Am 8:1,2; Mic 7:1

→ Drought of Ps 32:4

→ Given by God Ps 74:17

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Made by God

Ps 74:17

- Yearly return of, secured by covenant

Ge 8:22

- Characterised By

. Excessive heat

Jer 17:8

. Excessive drought

Ps 32:4

- Approach of, indicated by shooting out of leaves on trees

Mt 24:32

- Many kinds of fruit were ripe and used during

2Sa 16:1; Jer 40:10; 48:32

- The ancients had houses or apartments suited to

Jud 3:20,24; Am 3:15

- The ant provided her winter food during

it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
וַאֲנַ֖חְנוּva.'a.Nach.nu and we H587 Conjunction · pronoun
120× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Hebrew word for we or us, used for emphasis, like when Moses said we will follow God's commands, emphasizing the community's commitment.
Amplified meaning
as a people, collectively
Tyndale gloss
we
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֲנַ֫חְנוּ (anachnuw) is the first-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'ourselves.' It is used for emphasis and is derived from another Hebrew word, אֲנִי (ani), meaning 'I.' The entries consistently define it as a pronoun without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲנַ֫חְנוּ, אֲנָ֑חְנוּ pron. 1pl. comm. we

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H587 אֲנַ֫חְנוּ, אֲנָ֑חְנוּ we

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

587 'anachnuw an-akh'-noo

apparently from 595; we:--ourselves, us, we.

see HEBREW for 0595

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲנַ֫חְנוּ (a.nach.nu) — we.

we (first pers. pl. -usually used for emphasis)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · pronoun
HC/Pp1bp
it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
ל֥וֹאLo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
in no way, not at all
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
it has passed harvest it has come to an end summer and we not we have been saved
נוֹשָֽׁעְנוּ׃no.Sha.'e.nu we have been saved H3467 Verb · Niphal · perfect first person common plural
206× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means to save or be delivered, used in the Bible to describe being freed from danger or trouble, like in battle or from moral struggles, as seen in the Psalms and Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
rescued, delivered from trouble
Tyndale gloss
to save
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁע (yasha`) is a Hebrew root meaning to save or deliver. It encompasses various forms of salvation, including liberation from physical and moral troubles, victory in battle, and general safety. The word can appear in different grammatical forms, such as Niph. (to be saved) and Hiph. (to save).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָשַׁע] vb. Hiph. deliver; Niph. intrans. and pass.

Niph.

be liberated, saved (prop. placed in freedom)

be saved in battle, victorious

Hiph.

deliver, save (prop. give width and breadth to, liberate)

save from moral troubles

give victory to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3467 [יָשַׁע] Hiph. deliver; Niph. intrans. and pass. . . be liberated, saved (prop. placed in freedom)

. be saved in battle, victorious

. . deliver, save (prop. give width and breadth to, liberate)

. save from moral troubles

. give victory to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3467 yasha` yaw-shah'

a primitive root; properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e.

(by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or

succor:--X at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help,

preserve, rescue, be safe, bring (having) salvation,

save(-iour), get victory.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁע (ya.sah) — to save.

1) to save, be saved, be delivered

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be liberated, be saved, be delivered

1a2) to be saved (in battle), be victorious

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to save, deliver

1b2) to save from moral troubles

1b3) to give victory to

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Perf-1cp — Verb · Niphal · perfect first person common plural
HVNp1cp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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