Job 21:20 — Word Study
WLCיִרְא֣וּ עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑וֹ וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃
BSALet his eyesʻayin [the windows of his soul] seerâʼâh▸ his own destructionkîyd△ [personal, self-inflicted, ruin, calamity] let him drink [for himself]shâthâh▸ [fully experience, be saturated with] the wrathchêmâh [intense anger, rage] of the AlmightyShadday [Shadday, the all-powerful God]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יִרְא֣וּ | let them see | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| עֵינָ֣יו | own eyes his | Noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
| כִּיד֑וֹ | destruction his | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת | and from [the] rage of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| שַׁדַּ֣י | [the] Almighty | Noun proper |
| יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃ | let him drink | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Let his eyes see his own destruction; let him drink for himself the wrath of the Almighty. |
| KJV | His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty. |
| ASV | Let his own eyes see his destruction, And let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty. |
| YLT | His own eyes see his destruction, And of the wrath of the Mighty he drinketh. |
| WEB | Let his own eyes see his destruction. Let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty. |
| BBE | Let his eyes see his trouble, and let him be full of the wrath of the Ruler of all! |
The translations agree on the overall meaning and intent of the verse.
The main clause is supported by a participial phrase that elaborates on the consequences faced by the wicked.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָאָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 6 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 21:20
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Reflection on the Fate of the Wickedgenerated
Job 21:20 presents a stark vision of the consequences faced by the wicked. Job is responding to the belief that the wicked prosper while the righteous suffer, emphasizing that ultimately, the wicked will see their own destruction and drink the wrath of God. This passage invites contemplation on justice and the divine order, as Job asserts the reality of divine judgment, contrasting with the transient success of the unrighteous.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 27:19 | He lies down wealthy, but will do so no more; when he opens his eyes, all is gone. |
| 2 | Luke 16:23 | In Hades, where he was in torment, he looked up and saw Abraham from afar, with Lazarus by his side. |
| 3 | Psalm 75:8 | For a cup is in the hand of the LORD, full of foaming wine mixed with spices. He pours from His cup, and all the wicked of the earth drink it down to the dregs. |
| 4 | Isaiah 51:17 | Awake, awake! Rise up, O Jerusalem, you who have drunk from the hand of the LORD the cup of His fury; you who have drained the goblet to the dregs— the cup that makes men stagger. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 25:15–16 | This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, said to me: “Take from My hand this cup of the wine of wrath, and make all the nations to whom I send you drink from it. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כִּיד, ki.Dogenerated
The word כִּיד (kiyd) refers to destruction or ruin, indicating a severe calamity. This term appears only in this verse, emphasizing the personal and self-inflicted nature of the destruction the wicked face.
Its usage here suggests a profound sense of loss and devastation, highlighting the consequences of one's actions. The parsing indicates it is a noun in the singular form, pointing to a specific instance of ruin that is intimately connected to the subject.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יִרְא֣וּ (let them see) and יִשְׁתֶּֽה (let him drink) govern the structure of the verse. The first verb introduces the subject's vision of destruction, while the second verb emphasizes the experience of divine wrath.
The sentence is structured to highlight the cause-and-effect relationship between witnessing one's downfall and experiencing the consequences of divine anger.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb יִרְא֣וּ is rendered as ἴδοισαν, which carries a similar meaning of seeing or perceiving. This choice reflects a direct translation of the visual aspect of the Hebrew.
The translation underscores the importance of awareness in the context of judgment, aligning with the Hebrew intent of the verse.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 21:20 expresses Job's desire for the wicked to see their own destruction and to fully experience the wrath of God. This verse highlights the consequences of one's actions and serves as a reminder of divine justice.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies an awareness of the consequences of their actions and the realization of their fate.
It emphasizes that despite the apparent prosperity of the wicked, they will ultimately face God's wrath and destruction.
It indicates a full and personal experience of divine judgment, suggesting that the wicked will not escape the consequences of their actions.
Its unique usage underscores the specific and severe nature of the ruin that awaits the wicked, highlighting the intensity of their fate.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see the consequences of actions in my own life or the lives of others?
- How can I be more aware of the impact of my choices and their potential outcomes?
- What does it mean to fully experience the consequences of one's actions?
- How does understanding divine justice shape my perspective on fairness and retribution?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers referenced Job's reflections on divine justice. Here, we present a quotation from Gregory the Dialogist, who reflects on the implications of this verse.
Ver. 20. His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty. 59. This man, if whilst placed in this life he had been willing to open his eyes to his sin,Early Church Fathers on Job 21 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 21:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHis eyes shall see his destruction,.... Or "should see his destruction" (b); calamities coming upon himself and upon his children; or otherwise it will not affect him: but when a man has a personal
Read John Gill on Job 21 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHis eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty. Another questionable assertion of the friends, that the sinner sees his own and his children's destruction in his lifetime.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 21 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHis eyes shall see his destruction, i.e. he shall be destroyed; as to see death, is to die, ; and to see affliction, or any kind of evil, is to feel it ; and to see good, is to enjoy it, 9:25 . Or this phrase may be emphatical, he shall foresee his ruin hastening towards him, and not be able to prevent or avoid it; he shall sensibly feel himself sinking and perishing; which aggravates his misery. He shall drink; not sip or taste, but drink; which word commonly notes the abundance of the thing spoken of.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 21 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 21:20 His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.Ver. 20. His eyes shall see his destruction] His slaughter, saith the Greek; his breaking to pieces, saith the Chaldee; this he shall see with his eyes, the destruction of his person, and ruin of his family. The sight of evil is a grief to see as well as the feeling of it is a pain; and that is complete destruction which is not only felt but seen. Zedekiah first saw all his children slain, and then had his eyes put out. Maurichus had the like woeful sight, and then was stewed in his own broth by the traitor Phocas. And he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty] Heb. The scalding hot wrath, worse…
Read John Trapp on Job 21 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(20) His eyes shall see his destruction.—This may be understood as the continuation of Job’s suggested amendment of the Divine government. “His own eyes should see his destruction, and he should drink of the wrath, &c. For what concern or interest hath he in his house after him when the number of his months is cut off, &c. “
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 21 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 20. His eyes shall see his destruction] He shall perceive its approach, and have the double punishment of fearing and feeling; feeling a THOUSAND deaths in fearing ONE. He shall drink of the wrath] The cup of God's wrath, the cup of trembling, c., is frequently expressed or referred to in the sacred writings, Deuteronomy 32:33 Isaiah 51:17-22; Jeremiah 25:15; Revelation 14:8. It appears to be a metaphor taken from those cups of poison which certain criminals were obliged to drink. A cup of the juice of hemlock was the wrath or punishment assigned by the Athenian magistrates to the philosopher Socrates.
Read AdamClarke on Job 21 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7–21. This great mystery of the prosperity of the wicked in God’s providence Job now unfolds on both its sides: first, they and all belonging to them prosper, and they die in peace, although in conscious godlessness they bade the Almighty depart from them, Job 21:7-16; and second, negatively, examples of calamity befalling them are few, Job 21:17-21.
Read Cambridge on Job 21 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHis eyes shall see his destruction - That is, his own eyes shall see his destruction, or the calamities that shall come upon him.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 21 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Let his eyes see his own destruction; let him drink for himself the wrath of the Almighty.
Let his own eyes see his destruction. Let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
Let his eyes see his own destruction; let him drink for himself the wrath of the Almighty.
Let his own eyes see his destruction; let him drink of the anger of the Almighty.
Tyndale line
His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
Let his own eyes see his destruction, And let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
Let his own eyes see his destruction, and let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drinke of the wrath of the Almightie.
Strictly literal
His eyes shall see his destruction, and he shall drink of the fury of the Almighty.
His own eyes see his destruction, And of the wrath of the Mighty he drinketh.
His own eyes see his destruction, || And he drinks of the wrath of the Mighty.
His own eyes ought to see his downfall, and from the wrath of the Almighty ought he to drink.
Let his eyes see his own destruction, and let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
From the Latin
His eyes shall see his own destruction, and he shall drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
Simplified
Let them see their destruction themselves, and drink deeply from God's anger.
Let his eyes see his trouble, and let him be full of the wrath of the Ruler of all!
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads יִרְא֣וּ עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑וֹ וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃, which aligns closely with the Septuagint, where four out of the six words match. This indicates a strong textual agreement between these witnesses.
יִרְא֣וּ עֵינָ֣יו כִּיד֑וֹ וּמֵחֲמַ֖ת שַׁדַּ֣י יִשְׁתֶּֽה׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 21:20
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.
רָאָה 1315 vb. see
Qal 1141
see, subj.
see, c. acc. rei
see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design
see, so as to learn to know
abs. see, have (power of) vision
see = perceive
look at, see, by direct volition
of mental observation
c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
see, c. acc. rei
Niph.
appear
be seen
be visible
Pu. appar. his bones are not detected
Hithp. recipr. look at each other
Hiph.
cause one to see something, shew
cause to experience something
cause to look intently at, to behold
Hoph.
be caused to see, be shewn
be exhibited to
base
H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.
. see, c. acc. rei
. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design
. see, so as to learn to know
. abs. see, have (power of) vision
. see = perceive
. look at, see, by direct volition
. of mental observation
. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
. see, c. acc. rei
. . appear
. be seen
. be visible
. appar. his bones are not detected
. recipr. look at each other
. . . cause one to see something, shew
. cause to experience something
. cause to look intently at, to behold
. . be caused to see, be shewn
. be exhibited to
H7200b רְאוּת look
7200 ra'ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in
numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,
intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,
behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have
experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look
(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,
upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,
regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one
another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X
surely, X think, view, visions.
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.
: see/show
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out
1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish
1a6) to look at, gaze at
1a7) to provide, choose
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to appear, present oneself
1b2) to be seen
1b3) to be visible
1c) (Pual) to be seen
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to see, show
1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be caused to see, be shown
1e2) to be exhibited to
1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.
: examine/consider
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
se: In addition to the ordinary sense of perceiving by the eye, we have
(1) chazah, "to see" (in vision): "Words of Amos .... which he saw concerning Israel" (Am 1:1). The revelation was made to his inward eye. "The word of Yahweh .... which he (Micah) saw concerning Samaria" (Mic 1:1), describing what he saw in prophetic vision (compare Hab 1:1); see REVELATION, III, 4;
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
N-cd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHNcfdc/Sp3ms
כִּיד (kiyd) refers to a concept of striking or crushing, often associated with calamity or destruction. The term appears only in Job 21:20, where its precise meaning is uncertain, but it likely relates to misfortune or ruin.
[כִּיד] n.[m.] only Jb 21:20, meaning unknown; rd. prob. his misfortune
ref
H3589 כִּיד
3589 kiyd keed
from a primitive root meaning to strike: a crushing;
figuratively, calamity:--destruction.
כִּיד (kid) — ruin.
ruin, destruction
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word חֵמָה (*chemah*) primarily means heat and rage, encompassing concepts like fever, poison, and burning anger. It can refer to human anger as well as divine wrath, and is noted in Daniel's vision. The entries highlight its figurative use related to intense emotions and reactions.
חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) 121 n.f. heat, rage
heat:
fever
venom, poison
burning anger, rage:
of man
of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
of God
base
H2534 חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) heat, rage . heat: . fever
. venom, poison
. burning anger, rage: . of man
. of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
. of God
2534 chemah khay-maw'
or (Dan. 11:44) chemaC {khay-maw'}; from 3179; heat;
figuratively, anger, poison (from its fever):--anger, bottles,
hot displeasure, furious(-ly, -ry), heat, indignation, poison,
rage, wrath(- ful). See 2529.
see HEBREW for 03179
see HEBREW for 02529
חֵמָה (che.mah) — rage.
1) heat, rage, hot displeasure, indignation, anger, wrath, poison, bottles
1a) heat
1a1) fever
1a2) venom, poison (fig.)
1b) burning anger, rage
Aramaic equivalent: che.ma (חֱמָא "rage" H2528)
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHC/R/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁדַּי (Shadday) is a Hebrew word meaning 'Almighty' and is often used to refer to God. It is derived from a root that suggests self-sufficiency. The entries indicate that this term emphasizes God's power and might, and it is recognized as another name for the LORD (יהוה).
שַׁדַּי 48 n.m.dei (etym. dub. (1) (self-)sufficient. (2) = Almighty)
base
H7706 שַׁדַּי (etym. dub. (1) (self-)sufficient. (2) = Almighty)
7706 Shadday shad-dah'-ee
from 7703; the Almighty:--Almighty.
see HEBREW for 07703
שַׁדַּי (shad.day) — Almighty.
Shaddai, the Almighty (God)
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
This name means almighty, most powerful
N-proper — Noun properHNpt
ol-mit'-i:
(1) (shaddai (Ge 17:1)): Found in the Old Testament forty-eight times, most of these in the Book of Job; it occurs either alone or in combination with 'el, "God"). The root meaning is uncertain.
(2) (pantokrator), the exclusive translation of this Greek word in the New Testament, found principally in Re (nine times), once besides (2Co 6:18). Its occurrence in the Apocrypha is frequent. See GOD, NAMES OF.
שָׁתָה (shathah) means 'to drink' and can refer to both literal drinking and figurative uses, such as feasting or experiencing God's wrath. It is a primitive root that appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating actions like drinking and being drunk. The lexicons note its connection to the Aramaic equivalent שְׁתָה (she.tah), but do not present significant disagreements.
שָׁתָה 217 vb. drink
Qal 216
Niph. all which is (may be) drunk
base
H8354 שָׁתָה drink
8354 shathah shaw-thaw'
a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--X
assuredly, banquet, X certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk
(X -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of 8248.)
see HEBREW for 08248
שָׁתָה (sha.tah) — to drink.
1) to drink
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to drink
1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig)
1a2) to feast
1b) (Niphal) to be drunk
Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
See FOOD; DRINK, STRONG.
Drink
The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, “strong drink,” and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or “basin,” the “cruse” or pitcher, and the saucer.
To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter.
The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. “Strain at” should be “strain out.”)
→ INTOXICATING
See ABSTINENCE, TOTAL
→ See DRUNKARD
→ See DRUNKENNESS
→ See WINE