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Job 27:19 — Word Study

Depth

WLCעָשִׁ֣יר יִ֭שְׁכַּב וְלֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף עֵינָ֖יו פָּקַ֣ח וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃

BSAHe lies downshâkab [in rest, to sleep] wealthyʻâshîyr [rich, with abundant possessions] but will do so no morelôʼ [lie down, rest, never again] when he openspâqach [to open, to become aware] his eyesʻayin [his understanding, his perception] all is goneʼayin [everything, his wealth, has disappeared, is no more]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 27
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.'ei.Ne.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 27:19quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the fleeting nature of wealth and the inevitability of loss.
Who is speakingJob, expressing a profound truth about life and death.
Where we areIn a discourse on the fate of the wicked and the transient nature of their riches.
The hard wordעָשִׁ֣יר
Take awayWealth may provide temporary comfort, but it ultimately cannot be taken beyond this life.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׁכַב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 27:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on Wealthgenerated

18The house he built is like a moth’s cocoon, like a hut set up by a watchman.
19He lies down wealthy, but will do so no more; when he opens his eyes, all is gone.
20Terrors overtake him like a flood; a tempest sweeps him away in the night.
21The east wind carries him away, and he is gone; it sweeps him out of his place.

Job 27:19 presents a stark reminder of the impermanence of wealth. Job asserts that despite lying down in wealth, the rich man will awaken to find his possessions have vanished. This verse fits within a larger discourse where Job contemplates the fate of the wicked, emphasizing that material riches do not guarantee lasting security or peace. The surrounding verses illustrate the futility of relying on earthly wealth, as seen in Job 27:18 and Job 27:20.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 14:13–15If only You would hide me in Sheol and conceal me until Your anger has passed! If only You would appoint a time for me and then remember me!
2Job 21:23–26One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.
3Job 30:23Yes, I know that You will bring me down to death, to the place appointed for all the living.
4Genesis 49:10The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.
5Jeremiah 8:2They will be exposed to the sun and moon, and to all the host of heaven which they have loved, served, followed, consulted, and worshiped. Their bones will not be gathered up or buried, but will become like dung lying on the ground.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word עָשִׁ֣יר, 'a.Shirgenerated

The word עָשִׁיר ('a.Shir) is an adjective meaning 'rich' and describes a person who possesses wealth or abundant resources. It conveys both literal and figurative senses of richness, often associated with material prosperity.

In this verse, it highlights the temporary state of wealth, contrasting the rich man's rest with the reality that he will not enjoy it again. This usage underscores the fleeting nature of material possessions and the inevitability of loss.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יִ֭שְׁכַּב (Yish.kav), meaning 'he will lie down', governs the sentence. It is followed by a series of phrases that describe the state of the rich man and the consequences of his wealth.

The structure emphasizes the contrast between the rich man's temporary comfort and the ultimate reality of loss, with the verbs and phrases building on the central action of lying down.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates עָשִׁ֣יר as πλούσιος (plousios), which also means 'rich' but carries a connotation of abundance. This choice reflects a similar understanding of wealth as something that can be lost.

The Greek term used in the Septuagint aligns with the Hebrew meaning, reinforcing the idea that earthly riches are ultimately fleeting.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 27:19 tells us that a wealthy man may rest comfortably, but he will not enjoy that wealth forever. When he becomes aware again, he will find that everything he had is gone. This verse serves as a reminder of the temporary nature of material wealth.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that he lies down wealthy?

It indicates that the man has accumulated wealth and is in a state of comfort, but this state is temporary.

What happens when he opens his eyes?

When he opens his eyes, he realizes that all his wealth is gone, symbolizing the fleeting nature of material possessions.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Job?

This verse emphasizes the theme of the impermanence of earthly riches and the ultimate fate of the wicked, which is a recurring theme throughout the Book of Job.

What can we learn from this verse about wealth?

We learn that wealth is temporary and cannot provide lasting security or peace; it can be lost at any moment.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I seen wealth provide comfort, and how does that compare to its fleeting nature?
  2. How can I cultivate a perspective that values lasting treasures over temporary riches?
  3. What steps can I take to ensure that my understanding of wealth aligns with the teachings of this verse?
  4. How does this verse challenge my views on success and material possessions?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, illustrating the futility of wealth when faced with death.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XVIII c. 540–604
When the rich man sleepeth, he shall take nothing away with him, he shall open his eyes and shall find nought. In harmony with which same sentence the Psalmist saith, All the foolish in heart are troubled, they have slept their sleep,
Early Church Fathers on Job 27 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 27:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered,.... That is, the wicked rich man; and the sense is, either he shall lie down upon his bed, but shall not be gathered to rest, shall get no

Read John Gill on Job 27 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I will teach you by the hand of God: that which is with the Almighty will I not conceal. These words are contrary to Job's previous sentiments (notes, Job 21:22-33; Job 24:22-25).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 27 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Shall lie down; either, 1. To sleep; as this word is used, , &c. Or, 2. In death, of which it is used, . He shall not be gathered, to wit, in burial, of which this word is used, 25:33. Instead of that honourable interment and burial with his fathers which he expected, he shall be buried with the burial of an ass; his carcass shall lie like dung upon the earth. He openeth his eyes so the sense is either, 1. He awaketh in the morning, promising to himself a happy day. Or, 2. He looks about him for help and relief in his extremity. But the words are and may be rendered thus, one openeth his eyes, i.e. whilst a man can open his eyes, in a moment, or in the twinkling of an eye. He is not; he is…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 27 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 27:19 The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered: he openeth his eyes, and he [is] not.Ver. 19. The rich man shall lie down] That is, the wicked rich man, as James 5:1. Magna cognatio ut rei sic nominis, divitiis, et vitiis. He shall lie down, viz. in the streets, as being left homeless. But he shall not be gathered] i.e. Taken into house or harbour by any man; but abhorred by all for his former cruelty. He openeth his eyes, and he is not] He looketh about him on every side, but findeth no succour. There are that understand it of death: The rich man shall lie down, sc. in the dust of death; but shall not be gathered, that is, nec honorifice funerabitur; he shall not have…

Read John Trapp on Job 27 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(19) But he shall not be gathered.—Some ancient versions read, “but he shall do so no more;” but the “gathering” may refer to his wealth. “He openeth his eyes, and it (i.e., his wealth) is not;” or it may mean that as soon as he opens his eyes, hoping to enjoy his riches, he shall be no more, but be suddenly cut off. This sense appears to accord with the following verses.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 27 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 19. The rich man shall lie down] In the grave. But he shall not be gathered] Neither have a respectable burial among men, nor be gathered with the righteous in the kingdom of God. It may be that Job alludes here to an opinion relative to the state of certain persons after death, prevalent in all nations in ancient times, viz., that those whose funeral rites had not been duly performed, wander about as ghosts, and find no rest. He openeth his eyes] In the morning of the resurrection. And he is not.] He is utterly lost and undone for ever. This seems to be the plain sense of the passage; and so all the versions appear to have understood it; but Reiske and some others, by making יאסף…

Read AdamClarke on Job 27 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

19. the rich man shall lie down] “Rich” is equivalent to “wicked,” Isaiah 53:9. The words might be rendered, he lieth down rich. shall not be gathered] The parallel in the next clause, he is not, suggests the general sense, he shall rise no more. Perhaps the most probable sense is that he shall not “be gathered and buried,” according to the passages, Jeremiah 8:2; Jeremiah 25:33, Ezekiel 29:5; he shall have no funeral solemnities but shall be carried away by a sudden destruction. Others assume (after the Sept.) a different vocalization, he shall do it (lie down) no more. This is rather flat. he openeth his eyes, and he is not] The words describe the suddenness of his destruction. The phrase…

Read Cambridge on Job 27 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The rich man - That is, the rich man who is wicked. Shall lie down - Shalt die - for so the connection demands. But he shall not be gathered - In an honorable burial.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 27 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

He lies down wealthy, but will do so no more; when he opens his eyes, all is gone.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He lies down rich, but he will not do so again. He opens his eyes, and he is not.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

He lies down wealthy, but will do so no more; when he opens his eyes, all is gone.

NETBNew English Translation2006

He goes to bed wealthy, but will do so no more. When he opens his eyes, it is all gone.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered: he openeth his eyes, and he is not.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

He lieth down rich, but he shall not be gathered to his fathers; He openeth his eyes, and he is not.

RVARevised Version, American1894

He lieth down rich, but he shall not be gathered; he openeth his eyes, and he is not.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The rich man shall lie down, but he shall not be gathered: he openeth his eyes, and he is not.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

When the rich man sleepeth, he shall not be gathered to his fathers: they opened their eyes, and he was gone.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

He lieth down rich, but will do so no more; he openeth his eyes, and he is not.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Rich he lieth down, and he is not gathered, His eyes he hath opened, and he is not.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

He lies down rich, and he is not gathered, || He has opened his eyes, and he is not.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Rich will he lie down, but will not be gathered [into the grave]: one openeth his eyes, and he is no more.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

He lies down in bed rich, but he will not keep doing so; he opens his eyes, and everything is gone.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The rich man when he shall sleep shall take away nothing with him: he shall open his eyes and find nothing.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They go to bed rich, but never again! For when they wake up, it's all gone.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

He goes to rest full of wealth, but does so for the last time: on opening his eyes, he sees it there no longer.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseadverbialעָשִׁ֣ירrichverbיִ֭שְׁכַּבhe.will.lie.downוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbיֵאָסֵ֑ףhe.will.be.removedclauseclausenoun phrase · objectעֵינָ֖יeyesוhisverbפָּקַ֣חhe.opensוְandclausepredicateאֵינֶֽit.[is]subjectנּוּnot

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their rendering of this verse, with all seven words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the verse's message across different traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עָשִׁ֣יר יִ֭שְׁכַּב וְלֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑ף עֵינָ֖יו פָּקַ֣ח וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עָשִׁ֣ירπλούσιοςיִ֭שְׁכַּבκοιμηθεὶςוְלֹ֣אοὐיֵאָסֵ֑ףπροσθήσειעֵינָ֖יוαὐτοῦפָּקַ֣חδιήνοιχενוְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ἔστιν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 27:19עָשִׁירrichrichעָשִׁירשָׁכַבhe will liehe will lie dowשָׁכַבלֹאand notand notלֹאאָסַףhe will be he will be remoאָסַףעַ֫יִןeyes hiseyes hisעַ֫יִןפָּקַחhe openshe opensפָּקַחאַ֫יִןand there nand there not [אַ֫יִןעָשַׁרto enrichto enrichעָשַׁראַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןרוּשׁbe poorbe poorרוּשׁדַּלpoorpoorדַּלעָרֵלuncircumciuncircumcisedעָרֵלמִשְׁכָּבbedbedמִשְׁכָּביָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדזָקֵןoldoldזָקֵןקָבַץto gatherto gatherקָבַץחֵןfavorfavorחֵןיָשָׁרJasharJasharיָשָׁרעִוֵּרblindblindעִוֵּראֱלִישָׁעElishaElishaאֱלִישָׁעכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 27:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
עָשִׁ֣יר'a.Shir rich H6223 Adj
23× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, the Hebrew word for 'rich' describes someone with wealth or noble status. It is used to describe people who are wealthy, like the rich man in certain parables. The word is often translated as 'rich' in English Bibles.
Amplified meaning
rich, with abundant possessions
Tyndale gloss
rich
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָשִׁיר (ashiyr) means 'rich' and can refer to wealth in both a literal and figurative sense. It is primarily used as a noun to denote a rich person or the wealthy. The word is derived from another Hebrew root, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage in specific verses.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָשִׁיר rich; usu. n. m. the rich

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6223 עָשִׁיר rich; usu. n. m. the rich

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6223 `ashiyr aw-sheer'

from 6238; rich, whether literal or figurative

(noble):--rich (man).

see HEBREW for 06238

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָשִׁיר (a.shir) — rich.

adj

1) rich, wealthy

n

2) the rich, the wealthy, rich man

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
יִ֭שְׁכַּבYish.kav he will lie down H7901 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
212× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To lie down can mean to rest, sleep, or have sexual relations, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible. It can also mean to relax or be at rest.
Amplified meaning
in rest, to sleep
Tyndale gloss
to lie down: lay down
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁכַב (shakab) is a primitive root meaning 'to lie down.' It covers a range of meanings including resting, lodging, engaging in sexual relations, and lying down in death. The word appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Pual, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating different nuances of lying down. Notably, it can also figuratively mean to relax.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁכַב 212 vb. lie down

Qal

lie down

= lodge (for night)

of sexual relations, lie with

lie down in death

esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers

fig. = relax

Niph. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.

Hiph. lay

Hoph. laid

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7901 שָׁכַב lie down .. lie down

. = lodge (for night)

. of sexual relations, lie with

. . lie down in death

. esp. in phr. lie down with his fathers

. fig. = relax

. Pu. = be lain with (sexually; subj. women), only as Qr for Kt [שָׁגֵל] Niph. Pu. q.v.

. lay

. laid

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7901 shakab shaw-kab'

a primitive root; to lie down (for rest, sexual connection,

decease or any other purpose):--X at all, cast down,

((lover-))lay (self) (down), (make to) lie (down, down to

sleep, still with), lodge, ravish, take rest, sleep, stay.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: lay down.

: lay_down/lie_with

1) to lie down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on

1a2) to lodge

1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)

1a4) to lie down (in death)

1a5) to rest, relax (fig)

1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)

1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)

1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down

1e) (Hophal) to be laid

שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: sleep.

: sleep/rest

1) to lie down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on

1a2) to lodge

1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)

1a4) to lie down (in death)

1a5) to rest, relax (fig)

1b) (Niphal) to be lain with (sexually)

1c) (Pual) to be lain with (sexually)

1d) (Hiphil) to make to lie down

1e) (Hophal) to be laid

שָׁכַב (sha.khav) — to lie down: have sex.

: have_sex

1) to lie down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to lie, lie down, lie on

1a2) to lodge

1a3) to lie (of sexual relations)

1a4) to lie down (in death)

1a5) to rest, relax (fig)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
lie down, rest, never again
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
יֵאָסֵ֑ףye.'a.Sef he will be removed H622 Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine singular
200× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To gather means to bring people or things together, often for a purpose like worship or community. It can also mean to take away or remove something, like gathering a harvest. This word appears in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
to gather
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָסַף (acaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gather or remove. It encompasses a range of actions including collecting, assembling, and withdrawing. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like gathering individuals or being gathered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָסַף 209 vb. gather, remove

Qal

gather, collect

gather an individual into company of others

bring up the rear of

gather and take away, remove, withdraw

Niph.

assemble, be gathered, reflex.

pass. of Qal 2

Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish

Pi.

gather harvest

take in, receive into

as subst. rearguard, rearward

Pu. be gathered, of men

Hithp. gather themselves

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H622 אָסַף gather, remove

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

622 'acaph aw-saf'

a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to

receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put

up, restore, etc.):--assemble, bring, consume, destroy,

felch, gather (in, together, up again), X generally, get

(him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from

leprosy), (be) rereward, X surely, take (away, into, up), X

utterly, withdraw.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָסַף (a.saph) — to gather.

1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to gather, collect

1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others)

1a3) to bring up the rear

1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to assemble, be gathered

1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2)

1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers

1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others)

1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4)

1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to gather (harvest)

1c2) to take in, receive into

1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst)

1d) (Pual) to be gathered

1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVNi3ms — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVNi3ms
rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
עֵינָ֖יו'ei.Nav eyes his H5869 Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
887× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean a spring or fountain, but also refers to the eye or a source of something. It is often translated as affliction, outward appearance, or countenance, and is used in various contexts throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
his understanding, his perception
Tyndale gloss
eye
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye

lit. as physical organ

eyes as showing mental qualities

desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes

Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states

Transferred mngs.:

visible surface of earth

appearance

gleam, sparkle

Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead

base

עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:

ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1

ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19

ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.

ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ

. . eyes as showing mental qualities

. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes

. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states

. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth

. appearance

. gleam, sparkle

. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead

H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5869 `ayin ah'-yin

probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or

figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the

landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +

think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +

displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,

fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,

knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,

presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +

think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.

: eye

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).

§ spring, fountain

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.

§ spring, fountain

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.

: seeing

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.

: appearance

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).

: before(the_eyes)

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)

עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.

: sin

1) eye

1a) eye

1a1) of physical eye

1a2) as showing mental qualities

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HNcfdc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
פָּקַ֣חpa.Kach he opens H6491 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to open, like opening your eyes or ears to something new. It can also mean being observant and aware of your surroundings. In the Bible, it is used to describe physical and spiritual awakening.
Amplified meaning
to open, to become aware
Tyndale gloss
to open
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּקַח (paqach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to open, specifically referring to the eyes and, on one occasion, the ears. It can denote both the physical act of opening and a figurative sense of being observant. The word appears in various forms, including the Qal and Niphal stems, indicating both active and passive meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּקַח vb. open eyes and (once) ears

Qal

open eyes

open ears

Niph. be opened, of eyes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6491 פָּקַח open eyes and (once) ears

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6491 paqach paw-kakh'

a primitive root; to open (the senses, especially the eyes);

figuratively, to be observant:--open.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּקַח (pa.qach) — to open.

1) to open (the eyes)

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to open (the eyes)

1a2) to open (the ears)

1b) (Niphal) to be opened

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
rich he will lie down and not he will be removed eyes his he opens and there not [is] it
וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃ve.'ei.Ne.nu and there not [is] it H369 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
789× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Amplified meaning
everything, his wealth, has disappeared, is no more
Tyndale gloss
nothing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought

to nothing, as nothing

cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

in circumst. clauses

with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

with prefixes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing

. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

. in circumst. clauses

. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

. with prefixes

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

369 'ayin ah'-yin

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not

exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative

particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,

in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,

thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),

well-nigh, without. Compare 370.

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.

1) nothing, not, nought n

1a) nothing, nought neg

1b) not

1c) to have not (of possession) adv

1d) without w/prep

1e) for lack of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncmsc/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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