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Job 24:19 — Word Study

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WLCצִיָּ֤ה גַם־ חֹ֗ם יִגְזְל֥וּ מֵֽימֵי־ שֶׁ֗לֶג שְׁא֣וֹל חָטָֽאוּ׃

BSAAs droughttsîyâh [prolonged] andgam [intense] heatchôm [or extreme temperatures] consumegâzal the melting snowsheleg [snow waters, icy liquid] so Sheolshᵉʼôwl [the underworld, place of no return, the grave, hell] steals those who have sinnedchâṭâʼ [plunders, takes away by force, committed, missed the mark]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 24
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (cha.Ta.'u) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 24:19quick helps
In a sentenceJob compares the effects of drought and heat on snow to how Sheol takes away those who have sinned.
Who is speakingJob, reflecting on the fate of the wicked.
Where we areIn the midst of a discourse on the injustices faced by the wicked.
The hard wordשְׁאֹול
Take awayThe imagery of nature illustrates the inevitability of death for the sinner.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectשְׁאוֹל verbגָּזַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 24:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on Injusticegenerated

18They are but foam on the surface of the water; their portion of the land is cursed, so that no one turns toward their vineyards.
19As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.
20The womb forgets them; the worm feeds on them; they are remembered no more. So injustice is like a broken tree.
21They prey on the barren and childless, and show no kindness to the widow.

Job 24:19 presents a vivid metaphor comparing the consuming effects of drought and heat on melting snow to Sheol's relentless grasp on those who have sinned. Job is addressing the apparent prosperity of the wicked while the righteous suffer, highlighting the ultimate fate that awaits those who do wrong. This verse serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of sin, as Job contemplates the fate of the wicked in a world that often seems unjust.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 6:15–17But my brothers are as faithless as wadis, as seasonal streams that overflow,
2Job 21:23–32One man dies full of vigor, completely secure and at ease.
3Psalm 49:14Like sheep they are destined for Sheol. Death will be their shepherd. The upright will rule them in the morning, and their form will decay in Sheol, far from their lofty abode.
4Psalm 58:8–9Like a slug that dissolves in its slime, like a woman’s stillborn child, may they never see the sun.
5Psalm 68:2As smoke is blown away, You will drive them out; as wax melts before the fire, the wicked will perish in the presence of God.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שְׁאֹול, she.'olgenerated

The term שְׁאֹול (sheol) refers to the underworld or grave, a place where the dead reside and from which there is no return. It is often associated with punishment and the finality of death, emphasizing the severity of sin. The parsing indicates it is a noun in the singular form, suggesting a specific concept rather than a general idea.

In this verse, Sheol is depicted as an active force that 'steals' or 'plunders' those who have sinned, emphasizing the inevitability of death and judgment. The imagery evokes a sense of urgency and finality, as Sheol is portrayed as a place that claims the unrepentant.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations of this verse are consistent in conveying the idea that Sheol takes away those who have sinned.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יִגְזְל֥וּ (they snatch away) governs the main action of the verse, with the subject שְׁאֹול (Sheol) and the object חָטָֽאוּ (those who have sinned) clearly delineated. The structure emphasizes the relationship between Sheol and its victims, illustrating the consuming nature of sin.

This sentence is constructed with a parallelism that highlights the comparison between the natural phenomenon of melting snow and the spiritual reality of Sheol's claim on sinners.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint does not provide a direct Greek equivalent for the Hebrew word שְׁאֹול, indicating a lack of a specific term in Greek literature that fully captures its meaning. This absence suggests a cultural and linguistic gap in understanding the concept of the underworld as presented in Hebrew texts.

The translators' choice reflects a broader interpretation of the Hebrew text, indicating that the concept of Sheol may not have had a direct counterpart in the Greek worldview.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 24:19 compares drought and heat that consume melting snow to Sheol, which takes away those who have sinned. This verse illustrates the inevitability of death for those who do wrong, emphasizing the consequences of sin.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Sheol represent in this verse?

Sheol represents the underworld or grave, a place where the dead reside and signifies the ultimate fate of those who have sinned.

How does the imagery of snow relate to the theme of sin?

The melting snow symbolizes the fleeting nature of life and the consuming effects of sin, paralleling how Sheol claims those who have wronged.

What does the comparison between drought and Sheol imply?

The comparison implies that just as drought and heat can destroy life, so too does Sheol claim the lives of sinners, highlighting the seriousness of sin.

Why is the concept of Sheol significant in the Old Testament?

Sheol is significant as it represents the finality of death and the consequences of sin, serving as a warning throughout the Old Testament.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of sin reflected in the world around me?
  2. How can understanding the concept of Sheol influence my view of sin and its impact on my life?
  3. What steps can I take to avoid the fate described in this verse?
  4. How does the imagery in this verse help me understand the seriousness of my actions?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, drawing a parallel between the consuming nature of sin and the finality of Sheol.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XVI c. 540–604
Let him pass to excessive heat from the snow waters. And his sin even to hell. Iniquity is on this account likened to cold, because the mind that sins it binds up with insensibility.
Early Church Fathers on Job 24 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 24:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Drought and heat consume the snow waters,.... Melt the snow into water, and dry up that, which is done easily, quickly, and suddenly: [so doth] the grave [those which] have sinned; all have sinned,

Read John Gill on Job 24 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

He is swift as the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth: he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards. In these verses Job quotes the opinion of his adversaries, ironically: he quoted them so before (Job 21:17-21).

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 24 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As the snow, though it doth for a time lie upon the ground, yet at last is dissolved into water by the heat of the season, and that water quickly swallowed up by the earth when it is dry and thirsty; so ungodly sinners, though they live and prosper for a season, yet at last they shall go into the grave, which will consume them, together with all their hopes and comforts; their jolly life is attended with a sad, and ofttimes sudden and violent, death; not with such a death as the godly die, which perfects them and brings them to happiness, but with a consuming and never-dying death.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 24 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 24:19 Drought and heat consume the snow waters: [so doth] the grave [those which] have sinned.Ver. 19. Drought and heat consume the snow waters] Here also brevity hath bred obscurity. Snow waters, as they are more subtile, so they sooner sink into the dry earth; so die the wicked, quickly and easily. See Job 21:13; Job 21:31. There are that read the whole verse thus, In the drought and heat they rob, and in the snow waters; they sin to the grave; that is, they rob (and run into other flagitious practices) in all weather, summer and winter, and never stop till they die. They persist in their sins (saith Calvin) wherein they have been muzzled up, even to their grave. This is a good sense.…

Read John Trapp on Job 24 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(19) So doth the grave those which have sinned.—Job had already spoken of the sudden death of the wicked as a blessing (Job 9:23; Job 21:13), as compared with the lingering torture he himself was called upon to undergo.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 24 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 19. Drought and heat consume the snow-waters] The public cisterns or large tanks which had been filled with water by the melting of the snow on the mountains, and which water was stored for the irrigation of their lands, had been entirely exhausted by the intensity of the heat, and the long continuance of drought. So doth the grave those which have sinned.] For this whole paragraph we have only two words in the original; viz., שאול חטאו sheol chatau, "the pit, they have sinned;" which Mr. Good translates: - "They fall to their lowest depth." I believe the meaning to be, - even the deepest tanks, which held most water, and retained it longest, had become exhausted; so that expectation…

Read AdamClarke on Job 24 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

19. As the fierce heat and drought evaporate the abundant waters of the dissolving winter snow, leaving no trace of them, so doth Sheol engulf the sinners, that they disappear without a remnant from the world; comp. ch. Job 6:15 seq., Job 14:11; Isaiah 5:14.

Read Cambridge on Job 24 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Drought and heat consume the snow-waters - Margin, “violently take;” see the notes at Job 6:17.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 24 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Drought and heat consume the snow waters, so does Sheol those who have sinned.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

As drought and heat consume the melting snow, so Sheol steals those who have sinned.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The drought as well as the heat carry away the melted snow; so the grave takes away those who have sinned.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Drought and heat consume the snow waters: so doth the grave those which have sinned.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Drought and heat consume the snow waters: So doth Sheol those that have sinned.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Drought and heat consume the snow waters: so doth Sheol those which have sinned.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Drouth and heat consume the snow-waters: so doth the grave those who have sinned.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

As the dry ground and heate consume the snowe waters, so shall the graue the sinners.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Drought and heat consume snow waters; so doth Sheol those that have sinned.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Drought — also heat — consume snow-waters, Sheol [those who] have sinned.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Drought—also heat—consume snow-waters, || Sheol—[those who] have sinned.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Drought and heat speedily consume the snow-waters: so doth the grave those who have sinned.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

As drought and heat melt away the snow into waters, so Sheol takes away those who have sinned.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Let him pass from the snow waters to excessive heat, and his sin even to hell.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Just as heat and drought dry up snowmelt, so Sheol takes away those who have sinned.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Snow waters become dry with the heat: so do sinners go down into the underworld.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclausenoun phrase · subjectצִיָּ֤הdroughtגַםalsoחֹ֗םheatverbיִגְזְל֥וּthey.snatch.awaynoun phrase · objectמֵֽימֵי[the].watersשֶׁ֗לֶגof.snowclausesubjectשְׁא֣וֹלSheolobjectחָטָֽאוּ[those.who].they.have.sinned

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with a complete match of the eight words. This indicates a consistent understanding of the text across these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

צִיָּ֤ה גַם־ חֹ֗ם יִגְזְל֥וּ מֵֽימֵי־ שֶׁ֗לֶג שְׁא֣וֹל חָטָֽאוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
צִיָּ֤ה’’גַם־’’חֹ֗ם’’יִגְזְל֥וּ’’מֵֽימֵי־’’שֶׁ֗לֶג’’שְׁא֣וֹל’’חָטָֽאוּ׃ἁμαρτία

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 24:19צִיָּהdroughtdroughtצִיָּהגַּםalsoalsoגַּםחֹםheatheatחֹםגָּזַלthey snatchthey snatch awaגָּזַלמַי[the] water[the] waters ofמַישֶׁ֫לֶגsnowsnowשֶׁ֫לֶגשְׁאוֹלSheolSheolשְׁאוֹלחָטָא[those who][those who] theחָטָאחָמַםto warmto warmחָמַםשָׁלַגto snowto snowשָׁלַגשָׁאַלto askto askשָׁאַלאֲגַםpoolpoolאֲגַםצָמָאthirstthirstצָמָאתְּמוֹלyesterdayyesterdayתְּמוֹלשִׁלְשֹׁםthree daysthree days agoשִׁלְשֹׁםקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִיראוֹרlightlightאוֹרגְּזֵלָהviolenceviolenceגְּזֵלָהעֹ֫שֶׁקoppressionoppressionעֹ֫שֶׁקרָחַץto wash: wto wash: washרָחַץשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהזָכַךְbe cleanbe cleanזָכַךְלָבֵןto whitento whitenלָבֵןיָגוֹןsorrowsorrowיָגוֹןשֵׂיבָהgreyheadedgreyheadedשֵׂיבָהנְבָטNebatNebatנְבָט
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 24:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
צִיָּ֤הtzi.Yah drought H6723 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a dry and barren place, like a desert or wilderness, often used in the Bible to depict a lack of water or fertility in a land.
Amplified meaning
prolonged
Tyndale gloss
dryness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צִיָּה (tsiyah) refers to dryness or drought, stemming from a root that means to parch. It encompasses concepts of aridity, barren land, and wilderness. The term is used in contexts related to desolate or dry places.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צִיָּה n.f. dryness, drought

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6723 צִיָּה dryness, drought

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6723 tsiyah tsee-yaw'

from an unused root meaning to parch; aridity; concretely, a

desert:--barren, drought, dry (land, place), solitary place,

wilderness.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צִיָּה (tsiy.yah) — dryness.

dryness, drought, desert

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

drout. See FAMINE.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Drought

From the middle of May to about the middle of August the land of Palestine is dry. It is then the “drought of summer” (Gen. 31:40; Ps. 32:4), and the land suffers (Deut. 28:23: Ps. 102:4), vegetation being preserved only by the dews (Hag. 1:11). (See DEW.)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Was an evil to which Palestine was naturally subject, as no rain fell from May to September. During these months of summer, the ground became parched and cleft, the streams and springs became dry, and vegetation was kept from extinction by the dews at night and by artificial irrigation. If rain did not come in its season and abundantly, the distress was general and dreadful. A drought therefore is threatened as one of God’s sorest judgments, Job 24:19 Jer 50:38 Joe 1:10-20 Hag 1:11; and there are many allusions to its horrors in Scripture, De 28:23 Ps 32:4 102:4.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 31:40; 1Ki 17:18; Jer 14:1-6

→ Sent by God as a judgment De 28:23,24; 1Ki 8:35; 2Ch 6:26; 7:13; Ho 13:15

→ See FAMINE

→ See METEOROLOGY

→ See RAIN

→ FIGURATIVE Ps 32:4; Isa 44:3

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
גַם־gam- also H1571 Adverb
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Also means 'even' or 'too', used for emphasis or to connect ideas, like 'both...and' or 'neither...nor'. It can introduce a climax or show contrast.
Amplified meaning
intense
Tyndale gloss
also
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גַּם (gam) is an adverb meaning 'also' or 'moreover,' indicating addition or emphasis. It can express various nuances, such as 'even,' 'indeed,' or 'but.' The term is often used in a correlational manner, as in 'both...and.' It appears in contexts that require clarification or reinforcement of a statement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גַּם 768 adv. denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1571 גַּם denoting addition, also, moreover, yea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1571 gam gam

by contraction from an unused root meaning to gather;

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea,

though; often repeated as correl. both...and:--again, alike,

also, (so much) as (soon), both (so)...and , but, either...or,

even, for all, (in) likewise (manner), moreover,

nay...neither, one, then(-refore), though, what, with, yea.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גַּם (gam) — also.

1) also, even, indeed, moreover, yea

1a) also, moreover (giving emphasis)

1b) neither, neither...nor (with negative)

1c) even (for stress)

1d) indeed, yea (introducing climax)

1e) also (of correspondence or retribution)

1f) but, yet, though (adversative)

1g) even, yea, yea though (with 'when' in hypothetical case)

2) (TWOT) again, alike

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adv — Adverb
HD
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol'-so: In the Greek kai, when it is equivalent to "also" or "even," is always placed before the word or phrase which it is intended to emphasize (e.g. Ac 12:3; 1 Joh 4:21). Mt 6:14 should therefore read, "Your heavenly Father will forgive you also"; Lu 6:13, "Whom also he named apostles"; Heb 8:6, "The mediator of a better covenant also"; and 1Th 4:14, `If we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so also (we believe that) those who are fallen asleep in Jesus, God will bring with Him.'

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
חֹ֗םChom heat H2527 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means heat or being hot, used to describe warm temperatures or climates. It appears in Genesis 8:13 and is related to the idea of warmth. The concept of heat is important in biblical descriptions of the environment.
Amplified meaning
or extreme temperatures
Tyndale gloss
heat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹם (chom) means 'heat' or 'to be hot' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word חָם (cham, Strong's H2552). The term covers the concept of warmth and is used in contexts relating to temperature.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2527 חֹם heat

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2527 chom khome

from 2552; heat:--heat, to be hot (warm).

see HEBREW for 02552

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹם (chom) — heat.

heat, hot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

het (chom, horebh, "drought," Job 30:30; Isa 4:6; 25:4; Jer 36:30; sharabh, Isa 49:10, translated in the Revised Version margin "mirage"; zestos, "fervent," Re 3:15, therme, Ac 28:3, kauma, Re 7:16, kauson, Mt 20:12; see MIRAGE):

1. Dreaded in Palestine:

The heat of the summer is greatly dreaded in Palestine, and as a rule the people rest under cover during the middle of the day, when the sun is hottest. There is no rain from May to October, and scarcely a cloud…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Jonah overcome with Jon 4:8

→ See SUNSTROKE

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
יִגְזְל֥וּyig.ze.Lu they snatch away H1497 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to take something by force, like plundering or robbing, and is used in stories like David and Goliath in 1 Samuel 17. It can also mean to strip or flay something, and is often associated with violence.
Tyndale gloss
to plunder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּזַל (gazal) is a Hebrew verb that means to tear away, seize, or rob. It is built from a primitive root and covers actions like plundering or taking away by force. The verb appears in both the Qal and Niphal forms, indicating direct action and a passive state of being robbed, respectively.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּזַל vb. tear away, seize, rob

Qal tear away, rob

Niph. subj. sleep

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1497 גָּזַל tear away, seize, rob

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1497 gazal gaw-zal'

a primitive root; to pluck off; specifically to flay, strip

or rob:--catch, consume, exercise (robbery), pluck (off), rob,

spoil, take away (by force, violence), tear.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּזַל (ga.zal) — to plunder.

1) to tear away, seize, plunder, tear off, pull off, rob, take away by force

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tear away, rob

1a2) to seize, plunder (with acc cognate)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be robbed

1b2) to be taken away

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
מֵֽימֵי־mei.mei- [the] waters of H4325 Noun common · masculine plural construct
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means water, referring to a liquid or a source of refreshment. It appears in the Bible as a literal and figurative term, including references to wasting or urine. The word is used in various contexts, such as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Tyndale gloss
Water (Gate)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4325 mayim mah'-yim

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+

piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַי (ma.yim) — water.

1) water, waters

1a) water

1b) water of the feet, urine

1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)

מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).

This name means water, refreshment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
שֶׁ֗לֶגShe.leg snow H7950 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Sheleg means snow in Hebrew, likely due to its white color. It is also used in Aramaic as te.lag.
Amplified meaning
snow waters, icy liquid
Tyndale gloss
snow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫לֶג (sheleg) means 'snow' and is derived from the root word for whiteness. It is consistently defined across entries as snow, with a reference to its Aramaic equivalent, תְּלַג (te.lag). The term appears in contexts related to snow in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫לֶג n.m. snow

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7950 שֶׁ֫לֶג snow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7950 sheleg sheh'-leg

from 7949; snow (probably from its whiteness):--snow(-y).

see HEBREW for 07949

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫לֶג (she.leg) — snow.

snow

Aramaic equivalent: te.lag (תְּלַג "snow" H8517)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sno (shelegh, telagh (Da 7:9); chion):

(1) Snow is not uncommon in the winter in Jerusalem, but it never reaches any depth and in many winters it is not seen at all. It usually disappears, for the most part, as soon as the sun appears, though it may "hide itself" for a time in the gorge cut by a stream (Job 6:16). On lower levels than Jerusalem there is never sufficient to cover the ground, though often there are some flakes seen in the air. Even at sea-level there is occasionally a sufficient fall of hail to cover the ground. A very exceptional snowfall is related in 1 Macc 13:22 at Adora (near Hebron). It was heavy enough to prevent the movement of troops.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Snow

Common in Palestine in winter (Ps. 147:16). The snow on the tops of the Lebanon range is almost always within view throughout the whole year. The word is frequently used figuratively by the sacred writers (Job 24:19; Ps. 51:7; 68:14; Isa. 1:18). It is mentioned only once in the historical books (2 Sam. 23:20). It was “carried to Tyre, Sidon, and Damascus as a luxury, and labourers sweltering in the hot harvest-fields used it for the purpose of cooling the water which they drank (Prov. 25:13; Jer. 18:14).…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

This historical books of the Bible contain only two notices of snow actually falling -- (2 Samuel 23:20) 1Macc 13:22; but the allusions in the poetical books are so numerous that there can be no doubt as to its being an ordinary occurrence in the winter months. (Psalms 147:16; 148:8) The snow lies deep in the ravines of the highest ridge of Lebanon until the summer is far advanced and indeed never wholly disappears; the summit of Hermon also perpetually glistens with frozen snow. From these sources probably the Jews obtained their supplies of ice for the purpose of cooling their beverages in summer. (Proverbs 25:13) The liability to snow must of course vary considerably in a country of such varying altitude as Palestine. At…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Is often alluded to in Scripture, for its whiteness, Ex 4:6; Nu 12:10; 2Ki 5:27; Ps 51:7; Isa 1:18, and for its cleansing qualities, Job 9:30. The expression in Pr 25:13, "as the cold of snow in the time of harvest," alludes to its use in preparing cool drinks for the reapers; while on the other hand, in Pr 26:1, "snow in summer," that is, a fall of snow, being unseasonable and unnatural, is compared to honors inappropriately lavished on a fool. Snow from…

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
שְׁא֣וֹלshe.'ol Sheol H7585 Noun common · both singular construct
66× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Sheol refers to the underworld or grave, a place of no return where the dead reside, as seen in the Old Testament. It is often translated as hell or pit in the KJV. This concept is mentioned in various books, including Psalms and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
the underworld, place of no return, the grave, hell
Tyndale gloss
hell: Sheol
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁאוֹל (sh'owl) refers to the underworld or the realm of the dead in Hebrew. It encompasses concepts such as hell, the grave, and a pit, often associated with punishment for the wicked and a place from which the righteous are not abandoned. The term implies a location of extreme degradation and is noted for its lack of praise for God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל n.f. Shᵉ’ōl, underworld (√ dub.; i.e. place of inquiry)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7585 שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל Shᵉ’ōl, underworld (√ dub.; i.e. place of inquiry)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7585 sh'owl sheh-ole'

or shol {sheh-ole'}; from 7592; Hades or the world of the

dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories

and inmates:--grave, hell, pit.

see HEBREW for 07592

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁאוֹל (she.ol) — hell: Sheol.

Sheol, underworld, grave, hell, pit

1a) the underworld

1b) Sheol-the OT designation for the abode of the dead

1b1) place of no return

1b2) without praise of God

1b3) wicked sent there for punishment

1b4) righteous not abandoned to it

1b5) of the place of exile (fig)

1b6) of extreme degradation in sin

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun common · both singular construct
HNcbsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

she'-ol (she'ol):

1. The Name

2. The Abode of the Dead

(1) Not a State of Unconsciousness

(2) Not Removed from God's Jurisdiction

(3) Relation to Immortality

3. Post-canonical Period

1. The Name:

This word is often translated in the King James Version "grave" (e.g. Ge 37:35; 1Sa 2:6; Job 7:9; 14:13; Ps 6:5; 49:14; Isa 14:11, etc.) or "hell" (e.g. De 32:22; Ps 9:17; 18:5; Isa 14:9; Am 9:2, etc.); in 3 places by "pit"…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sheol

(Heb., “the all-demanding world” = Gr. Hades, “the unknown region”), the invisible world of departed souls. (See HELL.)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See HELL (Hades)

drought also heat they snatch away [the] waters of snow Sheol [those who] they have sinned
חָטָֽאוּ׃cha.Ta.'u [those who] they have sinned H2398 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
238× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To sin means to miss the mark or go wrong, incurring guilt or penalty, and can also mean to repent or make amends. It is used in the Bible to describe wrongdoing and its consequences.
Amplified meaning
plunders, takes away by force, committed, missed the mark
Tyndale gloss
to sin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָטָא (chata') means to miss a goal or way, and is commonly translated as 'to sin.' It encompasses a range of meanings including incurring guilt, making a sin offering, and purifying from uncleanness. The word can also imply leading others to sin or causing oneself to lose one's way. It appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances of the concept of sin.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָטָא 238 vb. miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin

Qal

miss

sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty

incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit

Pi.

bear loss

make a sin offering

purify from sin

purify from uncleanness

Hiph.

miss the mark

induce or cause to sin

bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment

Hithp.

miss oneself, lose oneself, fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself

purify oneself from uncleanness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2398 חָטָא miss (a goal or way), go wrong, sin .. miss

. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty

. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit

. . bear loss

. make a sin offering

. purify from sin

. purify from uncleanness

. . miss the mark

. induce or cause to sin

. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment

. . miss oneself, lose oneself, fig. for be bewildered, beside oneself

. purify oneself from uncleanness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2398 chata' khaw-taw'

a primitive root; properly, to miss; hence (figuratively and

generally) to sin; by inference, to forfeit, lack, expiate,

repent, (causatively) lead astray, condemn:--bear the blame,

cleanse, commit (sin), by fault, harm he hath done, loss,

miss, (make) offend(-er), offer for sin, purge, purify (self),

make reconciliation, (cause, make) sin(-ful, -ness), trespass.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָטָא (cha.ta) — to sin.

1) to sin, miss, miss the way, go wrong, incur guilt, forfeit, purify from uncleanness

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to miss

1a2) to sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty

1a3) to incur guilt, incur penalty by sin, forfeit

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to bear loss

1b2) to make a sin-offering

1b3) to purify from sin

1b4) to purify from uncleanness

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to miss the mark

1c2) to induce to sin, cause to sin

1c3) to bring into guilt or condemnation or punishment

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to miss oneself, lose oneself, wander from the way

1d2) to purify oneself from uncleanness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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