Job 28:21 — Word Study
WLCוְֽ֭נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵ֣י כָל־ חָ֑י וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם נִסְתָּֽרָה׃
BSAIt is hiddenʻâlam■ [concealed from view, unseen] from the eyesʻayin [the source of perception] of everykôl living thingchay [all that is alive, having physical or spiritual life] and concealedçâthar■ [kept secret, hidden from knowledge] from the birdsʻôwph [flying creatures, creatures of the air] of the airshâmayim [the sky, the heavens, the atmosphere]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְֽ֭נֶעֶלְמָה | and it has been concealed | Verb, Niphal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| מֵעֵינֵ֣י | from [the] eyes of | Preposition, noun common feminine dual construct |
| כָל־ | every | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חָ֑י | living [thing] | Adj |
| וּמֵע֖וֹף | and from [the] bird[s] of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם | the heavens | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| נִסְתָּֽרָה׃ | it has been hidden | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | It is hidden from the eyes of every living thing and concealed from the birds of the air. |
| KJV | Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air. |
| ASV | Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, And kept close from the birds of the heavens. |
| YLT | It hath been hid from the eyes of all living. And from the fowl of the heavens It hath been hidden. |
| WEB | Seeing it is hidden from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the birds of the sky. |
| BBE | For it is kept secret from the eyes of all living, unseen by the birds of the air. |
The translations agree on the key terms in this verse.
The sentence consists of two main clauses, each describing the concealment of wisdom from different sources.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָלַם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 28:21
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Search for Wisdomgenerated
Job 28:21 reflects on the nature of wisdom, emphasizing its hiddenness from all living beings. This verse is part of a larger discourse where Job questions the source and accessibility of wisdom, contrasting human understanding with divine knowledge. Job's inquiry into wisdom's whereabouts leads to the conclusion that it is beyond the grasp of both humanity and nature, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 49:3–4 | My mouth will impart wisdom, and the meditation of my heart will bring understanding. |
| 2 | Matthew 11:25 | At that time Jesus declared, “I praise You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because You have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them to little children. |
| 3 | Matthew 13:17–35 | For truly I tell you, many prophets and righteous men longed to see what you see but did not see it, and to hear what you hear but did not hear it. |
| 4 | 1 Corinthians 2:7–10 | No, we speak of the mysterious and hidden wisdom of God, which He destined for our glory before time began. |
| 5 | Colossians 2:3 | in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נֶעֶלְמָה, Ne'elmahgenerated
The word נֶעֶלְמָה (ne'elmah) is a Niphal verb meaning 'it has been concealed.' It conveys the idea of something being hidden or kept secret from view. The parsing indicates it is a third person feminine singular form, suggesting that the subject is wisdom itself, which is being concealed.
This word is built from the root עָלַם (alam), which means to hide or conceal. Its use here emphasizes that wisdom is not merely overlooked but intentionally hidden from perception, reinforcing the theme of the inaccessibility of true understanding.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree that wisdom is hidden from living beings.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of two main clauses, both governed by the idea of concealment. The first clause states that wisdom is hidden from the eyes of every living thing, while the second emphasizes its concealment from the birds of the air.
The structure highlights the duality of concealment — both from living beings and from the creatures of the air, indicating a comprehensive scope of wisdom's inaccessibility.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נֶעֶלְמָה as ἐκρύβη, meaning 'it has been hidden.' This choice reflects a similar understanding of wisdom's hidden nature, aligning with the Hebrew text while employing a Greek term that emphasizes concealment.
The use of ἐκρύβη suggests a continuity in the concept of wisdom being obscured, resonating with the themes present in both the Hebrew and Greek traditions.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 28:21 tells us that wisdom is hidden from all living things and even from birds. This verse is part of Job's exploration of where wisdom can be found, emphasizing that it is not accessible to human understanding or perception.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that true wisdom is not easily seen or understood by humans or any living creatures; it is beyond our grasp.
Job uses birds as a metaphor for creatures of the air, illustrating that even those who soar high cannot perceive wisdom.
This verse reflects Job's struggle to understand suffering and the nature of divine wisdom, highlighting the limitations of human insight.
While this verse suggests wisdom is hidden, other parts of Scripture indicate that wisdom can be sought and found through a relationship with God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I seek wisdom in my own life, and how do I respond when it feels hidden?
- How can I cultivate a deeper understanding of the mysteries of life that may not be immediately visible?
- What role does faith play in my pursuit of wisdom, especially when answers are not clear?
- How can I support others who are searching for wisdom in their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early commentary from Gregory the Dialogist discusses the mystical interpretation of birds in Scripture, relating to this verse's theme of concealed wisdom.
And is kept close also from the fowls of the air. [MYSTICAL INTERPRETATION] For in Holy Scripture 'birds' are sometimes given to be understood in a bad sense, and sometimes in a good sense.Early Church Fathers on Job 28 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 28:21 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSeeing it is hid from the eyes of all living,.... Meaning not the beasts of the field, as some interpret it; this makes the sentiment jejune and trifling; but rational creatures, men, so the
Read John Gill on Job 28 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySeeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air. None can tell whence or where, seeing it, etc. Fowls. The gift of divination was assigned by the pagan especially to birds.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 28 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOf all living; of all men that live upon the earth. From the fowls of the air: though they fly high, and can see far and well, yet they cannot discern this: men of the most raised understandings cannot discover it. It is to be found no where in this visible world, neither in the upper nor lower parts of it.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 28 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 28:21 Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air.Ver. 21. Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living] As hath been before set forth, Job 28:13. They that see most into it see but in part, and must needs say, that the greatest part of their knowledge is the least part of their ignorance, Maxima pars eorum quae scimus est minima pars eorum quae nescimus. Something they know of his revealed will, but nothing at all of his secret. Whereunto we may add, that there are many occult qualities in nature, the reason whereof the wisest men understand not. And kept close from the fowls of the air] Which yet fly very high, and seem to touch the clouds of…
Read John Trapp on Job 28 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges21. seeing it is hid] Rather simply, it is hidden. Job 28:20 as summing up Job 28:15-19 meant, thus Wisdom is nowhere to be attained; Job 28:21 proceeds, it is hidden &c. kept close] i. e. it is concealed from, unknown to the fowls of the air (comp. Job 28:7)—no creature can attain to it.
Read Cambridge on Job 28 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIt is hid from the eyes of all living - That is, of all people, and of all animals. Man has not found it by the most sagacious of all his discoveries, and the keenest vision of beasts and fowls has not traced it out.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 28 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible21. The fowls of the air — To their acuteness of vision and wondrous habits of migration may be due the widespread ascription to them of superior wisdom.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
It is hidden from the eyes of every living thing and concealed from the birds of the air.
Seeing it is hidden from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the birds of the sky.
It is hidden from the eyes of every living thing and concealed from the birds of the air.
For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed.
Tyndale line
Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air.
Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, And kept close from the birds of the heavens.
Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air.
Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air.
Seeing it is hid from the eyes of all the liuing, and is hid from the foules of the heauen?
Strictly literal
For it is hidden from the eyes of all living, and concealed from the fowl of the heavens.
It hath been hid from the eyes of all living. And from the fowl of the heavens It hath been hidden.
It has been hid from the eyes of all living. And from the bird of the heavens || It has been hidden.
Yea, she is hidden from the eyes of all living, and from the fowls of the heavens is she concealed.
Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things and is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens.
From the Latin
It is hid from the eyes of all living. and the fowls of the air know it not.
Simplified
Wisdom is hidden from the sight of all living things, even the birds of the air cannot see it.
For it is kept secret from the eyes of all living, unseen by the birds of the air.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: וְֽ֭נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵ֣י כָל־ חָ֑י וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם נִסְתָּֽרָה׃. The Septuagint matches five of the seven words, indicating a close relationship between the two texts, though the word order differs.
וְֽ֭נֶעֶלְמָה מֵעֵינֵ֣י כָל־ חָ֑י וּמֵע֖וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם נִסְתָּֽרָה׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 28:21
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָלַם (alam) is a Hebrew verb meaning to conceal or hide. It covers various forms, including being hidden, hiding oneself, and the act of concealing something. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical stems, such as Qal, Niphal, Hiphil, and Hithpael, which express nuances of secrecy and concealment.
[עָלַם] vb. conceal
Qal as subst. our secret, i.e. hidden sin
Niph. be concealed
Hiph. conceal, hide
Hithp. and thou hide thyself completely from them (utterly neglect to aid)
base
H5956 [עָלַם] conceal
5956 `alam aw-lam'
a primitive root; to veil from sight, i.e. conceal (literally
or figuratively):--X any ways, blind, dissembler, hide
(self), secret (thing).
עָלַם (a.lam) — to conceal.
1) to conceal, hide, be hidden, be concealed, be secret
1a) (Qal) secret (participle)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be concealed
1b2) concealed, dissembler (participle)
1c) (Hiphil) to conceal, hide
1d) (Hithpael) to hide oneself
Conj | V-Niphal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/VNq3fs
The Hebrew word עַ֫יִן (*'ayin*) means 'eye' and can refer to both the physical organ and its figurative uses, such as mental qualities and desires. It also denotes a 'spring' or 'fountain' of water. The entries highlight various phrases and contexts, including appearances and expressions of emotion, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עַ֫יִן 859 n.f. eye
lit. as physical organ
eyes as showing mental qualities
desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
Transferred mngs.:
visible surface of earth
appearance
gleam, sparkle
Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
base
עַ֫יִן n.f. spring (of water). Particular springs are:
ע׳ חֲרֹר Ju 7:1
ע׳ הַקּוֹרֵא (partridge-spring) Ju 15:19
ע׳ רֹגֵל near Jerus.
ע׳ הַתַּנִּין (dragon-spring)
base
H5869a עַ֫יִן eye . lit. as physical organ
. . eyes as showing mental qualities
. desire of the eyes, abominations of the eyes
. Fig. of mental and physical faculties, acts and states
. Transferred mngs.: . visible surface of earth
. appearance
. gleam, sparkle
. Other phrases are: an eye for an eye; eye to eye; in the presence of, in full view of; of business transaction; on the forehead
H5869b עַ֫יִן spring (of water)
5869 `ayin ah'-yin
probably a primitive word; an eye (literally or
figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the
landscape):--affliction, outward appearance, + before, +
think best, colour, conceit, + be content, countenance, +
displease, eye((-brow), (-d), -sight), face, + favour,
fountain, furrow (from the margin), X him, + humble,
knowledge, look, (+ well), X me, open(-ly), + (not) please,
presence, + regard, resemblance, sight, X thee, X them, +
think, X us, well, X you(-rselves).
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
: eye
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain (Gate).
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — Fountain of.
§ spring, fountain
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: seeing.
: seeing
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: appearance.
: appearance
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: before(the eyes).
: before(the_eyes)
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
1a3) of mental and spiritual faculties (fig.)
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye: sin.
: sin
1) eye
1a) eye
1a1) of physical eye
1a2) as showing mental qualities
Prep | N-cd — Preposition · noun common feminine dual constructHR/Ncfdc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.
חַי adj. alive, living
of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
of man
of animals, alive, living
animals and man
(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
of water, fresh
(dub.) lively, active
reviving
base
[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18
ref
חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal
animal
in general
wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
living beings, of the cherubic chariot
life, only in late poetry
appetite, activity of hunger
revival, renewal
base
חַיָּה n.f. community
base
חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life
life: physical
life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
sustenance, maintenance
base
H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
. of man
. of animals, alive, living
. animals and man
. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
. of water, fresh
. (dub.) lively, active
. reviving
H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general
. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
. living beings, of the cherubic chariot
. life, only in late poetry
. appetite, activity of hunger
. revival, renewal
H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical
. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
. sustenance, maintenance
2416 chay khah'-ee
from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,
year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine
singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether
literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)
beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living
(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)
old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
see HEBREW for 02421
חַי (chay) — alive.
adj
1) living, alive
1a) green (of vegetation)
1b) flowing, fresh (of water)
1c) lively, active (of man)
1d) reviving (of the springtime)
Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.
kinsfolk
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.
1) living thing, animal
1a) animal
1b) life
1c) appetite
1d) revival, renewal
Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.
community
חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.
1) life (abstract emphatic)
1a) life
1b) sustenance, maintenance
Adj — AdjHAamsa
עוֹף (owph) refers to flying creatures, including birds and insects. It is derived from the root meaning to cover with wings, emphasizing the aspect of flight. The term encompasses various types of fowl and winged insects, and it is noted in the Aramaic as well. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
עוֹף 70 n.m. coll. flying creatures, fowls, insects
fowl, birds
winged insects
base
H5775 עוֹף flying creatures, fowls, insects . fowl, birds
. winged insects
5775 `owph ofe
from 5774; a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as
covering with wings), often collectively:--bird, that flieth,
flying, fowl.
see HEBREW for 05774
עוֹף (oph) — bird.
1) flying creatures, fowl, insects, birds
1a) fowl, birds
1b) winged insects
Aramaic equivalent: oph (עוֹף "bird" H5776)
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHC/R/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word שָׁמַיִם (*shamayim*) is a dual noun meaning 'heavens' or 'sky.' It refers to the visible heavens where celestial bodies are found, as well as the abode of God. The dual form may suggest both the arch of the sky and the higher ether. It is noted in contexts such as Elijah's ascent in a whirlwind.
[שָׁמַי] n.m. only pl. שָׁמַיִם 421 heavens, sky
visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
phrases
as abode of God
Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
base
H8064 שָׁמַי only pl. שָׁמַיִם heavens, sky . . visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are
. phrases
. . as abode of God
. Elijah taken up הַשּׁ׳ in whirlwind
. הַשּׁ׳ personified in various relations
8064 shamayim shaw-mah'-yim
dual of an unused singular shameh {shaw-meh'}; from an unused
root meaning to be lofty; the sky (as aloft; the dual perhaps
alluding to the visible arch in which the clouds move, as well
as to the higher ether where the celestial bodies
revolve):--air, X astrologer, heaven(-s).
שָׁמַיִם (sha.ma.yim) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible heavens, sky
1a1) as abode of the stars
1a2) as the visible universe, the sky, atmosphere, etc
1b) Heaven (as the abode of God)
Aramaic equivalent: sha.ma.yin (שָׁמַ֫יִן "heaven" H8065)
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
hev'-'nz (shamayim; ouranoi): On the physical heavens see ASTRONOMY; WORLD. Above these, in popular conception, were the celestial heavens, the abode of God and of the hosts of angels (Ps 11:4; 103:19-21; Isa 66:1; Re 4:2; 5:11; compare Da 7:10), though it was recognized that Yahweh's presence was not confined to any region (1Ki 8:27). Later Judaism reckoned seven heavens. The apostle Paul speaks of himself as caught up into "the third heaven," which he evidently identifies with Paradise (2Co 12:2).
See HEAVENLY.
סָתַר (sa.tar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It encompasses various forms, including hiding oneself, being hidden, and carefully concealing something or someone. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical aspects, such as the Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, and Hithpael stems. The Aramaic equivalent is noted as סְתַר.
סָתַר vb. hide, conceal
Niph.
hide oneself
be hid, concealed
Pi. Imv. carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts
Pu. Pt. love carefully concealed
Hithp. hide oneself carefully
Hiph. conceal, hide
base
H5641 סָתַר hide, conceal . . hide oneself
. be hid, concealed
. Imv. carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts
. Pt. love carefully concealed
. hide oneself carefully
. conceal, hide
5641 cathar saw-thar'
a primitive root; to hide (by covering), literally or
figuratively:--be absent, keep close, conceal, hide (self),
(keep) secret, X surely.
סָתַר (sa.tar) — to hide.
1) to hide, conceal
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to hide oneself
1a2) to be hidden, be concealed
1b) (Piel) to hide carefully
1c) (Pual) to be hidden carefully, be concealed
1d) (Hiphil) to conceal, hide
1e) (Hithpael) to hide oneself carefully
Aramaic equivalent: se.tar (סְתַר "to hide" H5642A)
V-Niphal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singularHVNp3fs
hid'-'n: The translation of Taman, "to hide," "to bury" (Job 3:16); of tsaphan "to conceal," "store up" (Job 15:20, "The number of years is hidden to the oppressor," the Revised Version (British and American) "even the number of years that are laid up for the oppressor," margin "and years that are numbered are laid up"; Job 24:1, "Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty," the Revised Version (British and American) "Why are times not laid up by the Almighty?" margin as the King James Version with "Why is it?" prefixed; Ps 83:3, "They consulted (the Revised Version (British and American) "consult") against thy hidden ones"); of matspunim (from tsaphan), "hidden…