Psalms 83:3 — Word Study
WLCעַֽל־ עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־ צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃
BSAforkîy beholdhinnêh enemyʼôyêb to roarhâmâh to hatesânêʼ to liftnâsâʼ headrôʼsh
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עַֽל־ | on | Preposition |
| עַ֭מְּךָ | people your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ | they make crafty | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| ס֑וֹד | counsel | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ | so they may consult together | Conjunction, verb hithpael third person masculine plural |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃ | treasured [ones] your | Verb qal participle (passive) masculine plural common, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | With cunning they scheme against Your people and conspire against those You cherish, |
| KJV | They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. |
| ASV | They take crafty counsel against thy people, And consult together against thy hidden ones. |
| YLT | Against Thy people they take crafty counsel, And consult against Thy hidden ones. |
| WEB | They conspire with cunning against your people. They plot against your cherished ones. |
| BBE | They have made wise designs against your people, talking together against those whom you keep in a secret place. |
Where they part company is ס֑וֹד — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is followed by a noun phrase and another verb phrase, indicating a clear structure of action and intent.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 83:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament Against Enemiesgenerated
Psalm 83:3 expresses the psalmist's distress over the scheming of enemies against God's people. The psalmist observes that these adversaries are plotting to harm those whom God holds dear, indicating a deep concern for the safety and well-being of the nation of Israel. This lament reflects the ongoing struggle between God's people and their foes, emphasizing the need for divine protection.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 10:9 | He lies in wait like a lion in a thicket; he lurks to seize the oppressed; he catches the lowly in his net. |
| 2 | Psalm 56:6 | They conspire, they lurk, they watch my steps while they wait to take my life. |
| 3 | Psalm 64:2 | Hide me from the scheming of the wicked, from the mob of workers of iniquity, |
| 4 | 1 Samuel 13:19 | And no blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel, because the Philistines had said, “The Hebrews must not be allowed to make swords or spears.” |
| 5 | Isaiah 7:6–7 | ‘Let us invade Judah, terrorize it, and divide it among ourselves. Then we can install the son of Tabeal over it as king.’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ, ya.'a.Ri.mugenerated
The verb יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ (*ya'arimu*) is a Hiphil form of the root עָרֹם (*aram*), meaning to be shrewd or crafty. It suggests a deliberate and cunning approach to planning, often with negative implications, as the enemies are not merely acting but are actively scheming against God's people.
This word conveys the idea of taking crafty counsel, indicating that the adversaries are not acting impulsively but are engaging in calculated plans against those whom God cherishes. The use of the Hiphil form emphasizes the act of making others shrewd or cunning, further highlighting the malicious intent behind their actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is governed by the finite verb יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ, they make crafty, which introduces the main action. This is followed by a noun phrase ס֑וֹד counsel that serves as the object of the verb, and another verb יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ they may consult together that indicates further action.
The use of prepositional phrases עַל־ on and עַל־ on at the beginning and end of the verse emphasizes the targeted nature of the scheming, focusing on God's people and those He treasures.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ as σου (*sou*), which indicates a shift in focus from the act of scheming to a more possessive sense, suggesting that the schemes are directed against God's people as His own.
This choice reflects a narrowing of the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the personal relationship between God and His people, while still conveying the adversarial nature of the actions described.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 83:3 shows how enemies are plotting against God's people, using cunning and craftiness to conspire against those He treasures. This reflects the ongoing struggle and need for God's protection over His cherished ones.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that there are deliberate plans made by adversaries to harm those who belong to God, reflecting a spiritual battle.
The psalmist recognizes the value and importance of God's people, who are seen as precious and in need of protection.
In this context, 'counsel' refers to the secretive and intimate discussions among enemies as they plot against God's people.
It shows that God has a protective relationship with His people, viewing them as cherished and treasured, which makes their plight significant.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen or experienced opposition against my faith?
- How can I seek God's protection in times of trouble?
- What does it mean to be one of God's treasured ones?
- How can I respond to those who scheme against me or my beliefs?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 83:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey have taken crafty counsel against thy people,.... The people of Israel, hereafter named, whom God had chosen and avouched to be his people; these they dealt subtlety with, as the king of Egypt
Read John Gill on Psalms 83 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. They have taken crafty counsel against thy people - They combine craft with violence.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 83 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Biblei.e. Thy people of Israel, as it is explained in the foregoing words, and in the next verse; who are called God’ s hidden or secret ones, to intimate the singular care and respect which God hath to them, as to his peculiar treasure, as they are called, , whom he will hide and preserve in the secret of his presence, and under the shadow of his wings; and withal, to note their folly in seeking the destruction of those whom God was engaged and resolved to protect.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 83 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 83:3 They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones.Ver. 3. They have taken crafty counsel, &c.] They have negotiated this league with much subtilty and solicitation, conferunt et captant consilia, they are cruel crafties. Malignaverunt consilium, saith the Vulgate. And consulted against thy hidden ones] Hidden under the hollow of thy hand, under the shadow of thy wing; and therefore safe from strife of tongues or force of hands, Psalms 27:5; Psalms 31:21, Commodum instituto epithetum. The Greek rendereth it, Thy saints, such as whose life is hid with Christ in God, Colossians 3:3 1 John 3:2. The same Hebrew word is used for the inward oracle…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 83 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) They have taken crafty counsel.—Literally, They have made their plot crafty; or, as we say, “They have laid a deep plot.” Hidden ones—i.e., those under God’s close protection, as in Psalms 17:8; Psalms 27:5; Psalms 31:20.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 83 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Consulted against thy hidden ones.] צפוניך tsephuneycha, Thy hidden things; places; persons. "The hidden things in thy treasures." - CHALDEE. "Thy holy ones." - SYRIAC. "Thy saints." - VULGATE and SEPTUAGINT; and so the AEthiopic and Arabic. The people of Israel are probably meant. Or perhaps the temple, the ark, and the treasures of the temple, are intended.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 83 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. They have taken … and consulted] They are taking … and consulting together. Jehovah’s hidden ones are His people whom He conceals in His pavilion in the day of trouble (Psalms 27:5; Psalms 31:20), those to whom He has given an asylum from their enemies. The later Greek Versions (Aq. Symm. Theod.) and Jerome read the singular, thy secret place, i.e. the temple, cp. Ezekiel 7:22.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 83 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey have taken crafty counsel - The one word translated “have taken crafty” - ערם ‛âram - means properly to make naked; and then, to be crafty, cunning, malignant, 1 Samuel 23:22.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 83 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
With cunning they scheme against Your people and conspire against those You cherish,
They conspire with cunning against your people. They plot against your cherished ones.
With cunning they scheme against Your people and conspire against those You cherish,
They carefully plot against your people, and make plans to harm the ones you cherish.
Tyndale line
They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones.
They take crafty counsel against thy people, And consult together against thy hidden ones.
They take crafty counsel against thy people, and consult together against thy hidden ones.
They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones.
They haue taken craftie counsell against thy people, and haue consulted against thy secret ones.
Strictly literal
They take crafty counsel against thy people, and consult against thy hidden ones:
Against Thy people they take crafty counsel, And consult against Thy hidden ones.
They take crafty counsel against Your people, || And consult against Your hidden ones.
(83:4) Against thy people they take crafty secret device, and they consult against those whom thou protectest.
They conspire against your people and plan together against your protected ones.
From the Latin
My soul longeth and fainteth for the courts of the Lord. My heart and my flesh have rejoiced in the living God.
Simplified
They invent cunning plans to conspire against your people; they plot against those you treasure.
They have made wise designs against your people, talking together against those whom you keep in a secret place.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Dead Sea Scrolls, which contain similar wording. The Septuagint, however, presents a different structure and wording, indicating some variation in the translation approach.
עַֽל־ עַ֭מְּךָ יַעֲרִ֣ימוּ ס֑וֹד וְ֝יִתְיָעֲצ֗וּ עַל־ צְפוּנֶֽיךָ׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
כיא הנה אויבי׳ך יהמיו׳ן ומשנאי׳ך נשאו ראש
7 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 83:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
HNcmsc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
The Hebrew word עָרֹם (*aram*) is a primitive root meaning to be bare, but it is primarily used to convey the sense of being shrewd or crafty, often with a negative connotation. It covers meanings such as being subtle, prudent, or taking crafty counsel. The entries indicate that it can be used in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, with the latter emphasizing the act of becoming shrewd.
[עָרֹם] vb. be shrewd, crafty
Qal he is exceedingly crafty
Hiph. be crafty; be or become shrewd
base
H6191 עָרֹם be shrewd, crafty
6191 `aram aw-ram'
a primitive root; properly, to be (or make) bare; but used
only in the derivative sense (through the idea perhaps of
smoothness) to be cunning (usually in a bad sense):--X very,
beware, take crafty (counsel), be prudent, deal subtilly.
עָרֹם (a.ram) — be shrewd.
1) to be subtle, be shrewd, be crafty, beware, take crafty counsel, be prudent
1a) (Qal) to be crafty, be subtle
1b) (Hiphil) to be crafty, be or become shrewd
HVhi3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVhi3mp
סוֹד (sod) refers to a council or assembly, often implying intimacy and close deliberation among its members. It encompasses meanings such as secret counsel and familiar conversation, particularly in the context of discussions among friends or with God. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to consult' and highlights the importance of shared deliberation.
סוֹד n.[m.] council, counsel
base
H5475 סוֹד council, counsel
5475 cowd sode
from 3245; a session, i.e. company of persons (in close
deliberation); by implication, intimacy, consultation, a
secret:--assembly, consel, inward, secret (counsel).
see HEBREW for 03245
סוֹד (sod) — counsel.
1) council, counsel, assembly
1a) council (of familiar conversation)
1a1) divan, circle (of familiar friends)
1a2) assembly, company
1b) counsel
1b1) counsel (itself)
1b2) secret counsel
1b3) familiar converse, intimacy (with God)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
→ General scriptures concerning Pr 1:5; 9:9; 11:14; 12:15; 15:22; 19:20; 20:18; 24:6; 27:9
→ See PRUDENCE
→ REJECTED Pr 1:24-33
(1) The importance of Seeking
Pr 11:14; 12:15; 13:10; 15:22; 20:18
--SEE Instruction (1), INSTRUCTION
Guidance, (3), GUIDANCE
Counsellors, COUNSELLORS
(2) Wise, Examples of
יָעַץ (ya`ats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to advise or counsel. It encompasses various forms, including advising, consulting, and deliberating, with nuances in different stems such as Qal, Niphal, and Hithpael. The word can also imply conspiracy in certain contexts. The entries suggest a focus on guidance and decision-making.
יָעַץ vb. advise, counsel
Qal advise, counsel
Niph. consult together, exchange counsel
Hithp. conspire against
base
H3289 יָעַץ advise, counsel
3289 ya`ats yaw-ats'
a primitive root; to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or
resolve:--advertise, take advise, advise (well), consult,
(give, take) counsel(-lor), determine, devise, guide, purpose.
יָעַץ (ya.ats) — to advise.
1) to advise, consult, give counsel, counsel, purpose, devise, plan
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to advise, counsel, give counsel, consult
1a2) counsellor (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to consult together, exchange counsel, deliberate, counsel together
1c) (Hithpael) to conspire
HC/Vtu3mp — Conjunction · verb hithpael third person masculine pluralHC/Vtu3mp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
HR — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
צָפַן (tsaphan) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or treasure up. It can refer to hiding something by covering it, storing it, or keeping it secret. The word has various forms, including Qal (to hide), Niphal (to be hidden), and Hiphil (to hide from discovery). It conveys both protective and secretive connotations.
צָפַן vb. hide, treasure up
Qal
trans. hide
intrans. lie hid, lurk
Niph. be hidden from before
Hiph. hide
base
H6845 צָפַן hide, treasure up
6845 tsaphan tsaw-fan'
a primitive root; to hide (by covering over); by implication,
to hoard or reserve; figuratively to deny; specifically
(favorably) to protect, (unfavorably) to lurk:--esteem,
hide(-den one, self), lay up, lurk (be set) privily, (keep)
secret(-ly, place).
צָפַן (tsa.phan) — to treasure.
1) to hide, treasure, treasure or store up
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to hide, treasure, treasure up
1a2) to lie hidden, lurk
1b) (Niphal) to be hidden, be stored up
1c) (Hiphil) to hide, hide from discovery
HVqsmpc/Sp2ms — Verb qal participle (passive) masculine plural common · suffixHVqsmpc/Sp2ms