Menu

Job 29:14 — Word Study

Depth

WLCצֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִי כִּֽמְעִ֥יל וְ֝צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃

BSAI put onlâbash righteousnesstsedeq [God's standard for human behavior] and it clothed melâbash justicemishpâṭ [my judgment, right decisions] was my robemᵉʻîyl and my turbantsânîyph [a head-dress]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 29
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 14 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (mish.pa.Ti) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 29:14quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on his past righteousness and justice, symbolically dressing himself in them.
Who is speakingJob, recounting his former integrity and social role.
Where we areIn a poetic reflection on Job's life before his suffering.
The hard wordצֶ֣דֶק
Take awayRighteousness and justice were Job's garments, signifying his moral standing.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbלָבֵשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 29:14

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Reflection on His Righteousnessgenerated

13The dying man blessed me, and I made the widow’s heart sing for joy.
14I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; justice was my robe and my turban.
15I served as eyes to the blind and as feet to the lame.
16I was a father to the needy, and I took up the case of the stranger.

Job 29:14 captures Job's reminiscence of his life when he was respected and held in high regard for his moral integrity. He describes how he embodied righteousness and justice, which were not just abstract concepts but were integral to his identity and actions in society. This passage is part of a larger narrative where Job contrasts his past prosperity and honor with his current suffering and disgrace.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Deuteronomy 24:13be sure to return it to him by sunset, so that he may sleep in his own cloak and bless you, and this will be credited to you as righteousness before the LORD your God.
2Psalm 132:9May Your priests be clothed with righteousness, and Your saints shout for joy.
3Isaiah 59:17He put on righteousness like a breastplate, and the helmet of salvation on His head; He put on garments of vengeance and wrapped Himself in a cloak of zeal.
4Isaiah 61:10I will rejoice greatly in the LORD, my soul will exult in my God; for He has clothed me with garments of salvation and wrapped me in a robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom wears a priestly headdress, as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.
5Romans 13:14Instead, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the desires of the flesh.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word צֶדֶק, Tze.dekgenerated

The Hebrew word צֶדֶק (Tze.dek) conveys the idea of righteousness or justice, often associated with God's character and the moral standards expected of humanity. It encompasses a broad range of meanings, including ethical correctness and legal justice, and is used to describe the ideal behavior in personal and societal contexts.

In this verse, Job states that he 'put on' righteousness, indicating an active choice to embody these qualities. This suggests that righteousness is not merely an inherent trait but something that can be adopted and worn like clothing.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of one main clause with two predicates: לָבַשְׁתִּי (I put on) and וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִי (and it clothed me). The structure emphasizes the active role Job plays in 'putting on' righteousness, followed by the result of that action.

The use of the conjunction 'and' connects the two actions, illustrating a seamless transition from Job's choice to embody righteousness to the resulting state of being clothed in justice.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, צֶדֶק is rendered as δικαιοσύνην (dikaiosynēn), which also means righteousness. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the term across both Hebrew and Greek texts, emphasizing the moral and ethical dimensions of righteousness.

The translation captures the essence of Job's declaration, maintaining the idea that righteousness is something that can be actively donned, reinforcing the connection between Job's character and his societal role.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 29:14 describes how Job viewed himself in his past life, where he actively chose to embody righteousness and justice. He compares these qualities to garments he wore, signifying his moral integrity and social responsibility. This reflection highlights the contrast between his former honor and his current suffering.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by 'put on righteousness'?

Job is expressing that he actively chose to embody righteousness in his life, indicating that it was a deliberate part of his character.

How does Job's use of clothing metaphors enhance the meaning?

The metaphor of clothing suggests that righteousness and justice were integral to Job's identity, shaping how he interacted with others.

What is the significance of justice being described as a robe and turban?

These items symbolize dignity and authority, reflecting Job's respected position in society and his commitment to moral integrity.

How do the concepts of righteousness and justice relate to God's character?

Both righteousness and justice are attributes of God, representing His moral perfection and the standards He sets for humanity.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I actively embody righteousness in my daily life?
  2. How do I perceive justice in my community, and what role can I play in promoting it?
  3. What garments of righteousness and justice do I wear, and how do they reflect my character?
  4. How can I encourage others to pursue righteousness and justice in their lives?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers comment on Job's declaration of righteousness, emphasizing the moral implications of his words and the contrast with those who fail to uphold justice.

John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON Job 29:13-18 c. 347–407
“I put on righteousness,” he says. There are people who occupy higher positions than others but who often commit injustice. But this is not the case with Job, because he constantly lived in the greatest righteousness.
Early Church Fathers on Job 29 →
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XIX c. 540–604
With righteousness was I clothed, and arrayed myself as with raiment. And my judgment a diadem. [HISTORICAL / MORAL INTERPRETATION] Surely, when we are clothed with a garment, we are surrounded on every side,
Early Church Fathers on Job 29 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 29:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me,.... Not the righteousness of his living Redeemer, the robe of righteousness and garment of salvation he had from him; though he had put on that by faith,

Read John Gill on Job 29 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Because I delivered the poor that cried, and the fatherless, and him that had none to help him.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 29 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

It clothed me: as a garment covers the whole body, and is worn continually all the day long; so I was constantly just in the whole course of all my administrations, public and private, and never put off this garment out of a partial respect to myself, or to the persons of other men, as the manner of many judges is. My judgment was as a robe and diadem; my judgments or decrees were so equal and righteous, that they never brought shame and reproach upon me, but always honour and great reputation.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 29 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 29:14 I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment [was] as a robe and a diadem.Ver. 14. I put on righteousness, and it clothed me] It was not ambition, popularity, or self-interest that put Job upon these and the following good practices and proceedings, but the care he had of discharging his trust, and the pure love he bare to justice and upright dealing, Fontem horum officiorum aperit (Merlin). For although he desired more to be loved than honoured (as it is said of Trajan the emperor), yet he would not do anything of popularity or partiality, by writhing or warping, but retained the gravity of the law; which is a heart without affection, an eye without lust, a mind without…

Read John Trapp on Job 29 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(14) I put on righteousness.—Comp. Isaiah 61:10; Isaiah 28:5; Isaiah 62:3; 2 Timothy 4:8; James 1:12; 1 Peter 5:4; 1 Thessalonians 2:19. His judgment, the result of his personal righteousness, was as a robe of honour and a crown of glory to him. It clothed me.—Literally, it clothed itself with me. First, righteousness is the garment, and then he is the garment to righteousness. (Compare the expressions “Put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ,” Romans 13:14, and 2 Corinthians 5:2-4, and the Hebrew of Psa 143:9, where “I flee unto thee to hide me” is, I have covered myself with thee, or, have hidden me with thee.) This is the Gospel truth of the interchange of sin and righteousness between Christ…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 29 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

14. and it clothed me] Rather, and it clothed itself in me. Job clothed himself with righteousness, so that as a man he was lost in the justice that clothed him; and justice clothed itself in him—he on the other hand was justice become a person.

Read Cambridge on Job 29 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I put on righteousness - Or “justice” - as a magistrate, and in all his transactions with his fellow-men.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 29 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

14. And it clothed me — μαωׁ, to put on, clothe; the same word in both clauses of the sentence. The righteousness he put on renewed and transformed his being into its own pure nature: — It (righteousness) put on me.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 29 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; justice was my robe and my turban.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me. My justice was as a robe and a diadem.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; justice was my robe and my turban.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I put on righteousness and it clothed me, my just dealing was like a robe and a turban;

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a robe and a diadem.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: My justice was as a robe and a diadem.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my justice was as a robe and a diadem.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me: my judgment was as a robe and a diadem.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I put on iustice, and it couered me: my iudgement was as a robe, and a crowne.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; my justice was as a mantle and a turban.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Righteousness I have put on, and it clotheth me, As a robe and a diadem my justice.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I have put on righteousness, and it clothes me, || My justice as a robe and a crown.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

I took righteousness as my garment, and it clothed me: as a robe and a mitre was justice unto me.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I put on righteousness, and it clothed me; my justice was like a robe and a turban.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

I was clad with justice: and I clothed myself with my judgment, as with a robe and a diadem.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Being true and acting right were what I wore for clothing.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I put on righteousness as my clothing, and was full of it; right decisions were to me a robe and a head-dress.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseobjectצֶ֣דֶקrighteousnessverbלָ֭בַשְׁתִּיI.put.onוַandclauseverbיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑itobjectנִיclothed.meclauseprepositional phrase · predicateכִּֽ[was].likenoun phraseמְעִ֥ילa.robeוְ֝andצָנִ֗יףa.turbannoun phrase · subjectמִשְׁפָּטִֽjusticeיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in content, with four of the six words matched. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the core message of Job's righteousness and justice remains intact across both texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

צֶ֣דֶק לָ֭בַשְׁתִּי וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִי כִּֽמְעִ֥יל וְ֝צָנִ֗יף מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
צֶ֣דֶקδικαιοσύνηνלָ֭בַשְׁתִּיἐνεδεδύκεινוַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִיδὲכִּֽמְעִ֥ילδιπλοΐδι

4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 29:14צֶ֫דֶקrighteousnerighteousnessצֶ֫דֶקלָבֵשׁI put onI put onלָבֵשׁלָבֵשׁand it clotand it clothed לָבֵשׁמְעִיל[was] like [was] like a roמְעִילצָנִיףand a turbaand a turbanצָנִיףמִשְׁפָּטjustice myjustice myמִשְׁפָּטצָדֵקto justifyto justifyצָדֵקמָעַלbe unfaithbe unfaithfulמָעַלצָנַףto wrapto wrapצָנַףשָׁפַטto judgeto judgeשָׁפַטבַּדlinenlinenבַּדשִׁרְיָהlancelanceשִׁרְיָהמֵישָׁרuprightnesuprightnessמֵישָׁראֵיפָהephahephahאֵיפָהשׁוּלhemhemשׁוּלעָטָהto enwrapto enwrapעָטָהטָהוֹרpurepureטָהוֹרלָבֵשׁto clotheto clotheלָבֵשׁחֻקָּהstatutestatuteחֻקָּהחֹקstatute: dstatute: decreeחֹק
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 29:14

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
צֶ֣דֶקTze.dek righteousness H6664 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
119× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Represents the idea of righteousness or justice, often referring to God's character or the standard for human behavior. It is closely tied to the concept of morality and what is right. The word is used to describe the ideal for human conduct and society.
Amplified meaning
God's standard for human behavior
Tyndale gloss
Righteousness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צֶ֫דֶק (tsedeq) refers to concepts of rightness and righteousness, encompassing moral, legal, and natural dimensions. It includes justice in governance, ethical correctness, and vindication in disputes. The term also suggests prosperity and deliverance, particularly in relation to God's covenant and the Messianic king. The entries consistently emphasize its broad application in both personal and societal contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צֶ֫דֶק n.m. rightness, righteousness

what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures

righteousness, in government

righteousness, justice, in a case or cause

rightness, in speech

righteousness, as ethically right

righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6664 צֶ֫דֶק rightness, righteousness . what is right, just, normal; rightness, justness, of weights and measures

. righteousness, in government

. righteousness, justice, in a case or cause

. rightness, in speech

. righteousness, as ethically right

. righteousness, as vindicated, justification in controversy with enemies and troubles, deliverance, victory, prosperity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6664 tsedeq tseh'-dek

from 6663; the right (natural, moral or legal); also

(abstractly) equity or (figuratively) prosperity:--X even, (X

that which is altogether) just(-ice), ((un-))right(-eous)

(cause, -ly, - ness).

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — righteousness.

1) justice, rightness, righteousness

1a) what is right or just or normal, rightness, justness (of weights and measures)

1b) righteousness (in government)

1b1) of judges, rulers, kings

1b2) of law

1b3) of Davidic king, Messiah

1b4) of Jerusalem as seat of just government

1b5) of God's attribute

1c) righteousness, justice (in case or cause)

1d) rightness (in speech)

1e) righteousness (as ethically right)

1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification (in controversy), deliverance, victory, prosperity

1f1) of God as covenant-keeping in redemption

1f2) in name of Messianic king

1f3) of people enjoying salvation

1f4) of Cyrus

צֶ֫דֶק (tse.deq) — Righteousness.

This name means justice, righteousness

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):

1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent

2. Social Customs and Righteousness

3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power

4. Righteousness as Inner

5. Righteousness as Social

6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth

LITERATURE

1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:

In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Righteousness

See JUSTIFICATION.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,

→ By faith Ge 15:6; Ro 4:3,5,9,11,13,20,22,24

→ Garment of Job 29:14; Mt 22:11-14

→ Counted (regarded) for the sake of obedience De 6:25; Job 33:26

→ FRUITS OF De 6:25; Jos 22:31; Ps 1:3; 15:1-5; 24:3-5; 101:3,4; 106:3; 112:4-8; Pr 2:5-20; 10:2,16; 11:5,6,18,19,30; 12:28; 13:6; 14:34; 21:3; 29:7; Isa…

righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
לָ֭בַשְׁתִּיLa.vash.ti I put on H3847 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
110× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To clothe means to wrap something around or put on a garment. In the Bible, it can be used literally or figuratively, as in putting on clothes or being clothed with a certain attitude.
Tyndale gloss
to clothe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָבֵשׁ (*labash*) means to put on or wear clothing, and it can refer to both literal and figurative clothing. It is built from a primitive root meaning to wrap around. The entries cover various forms, including Qal, Pual, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of dressing or being clothed. The word is also noted for its use in a figurative sense, such as being clothed with a spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ vb. put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Qal

lit. put on (one’s own) garment; = wear (more or less habitually)

very oft. fig., put on, be clothed with

lit. put on

once

clothed with

and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon

Pu. arrayed

Hiph. clothe, array with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3847 לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3847 labash law-bash'

or labesh {law-bashe'}; a primitive root; properly, wrap

around, i.e. (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe

(oneself, or another), literally or figuratively:--(in)

apparel, arm, array (self), clothe (self), come upon, put (on,

upon), wear.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָבֵשׁ (la.vash) — to clothe.

1) to dress, wear, clothe, put on clothing, be clothed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put on clothes, be clothed, wear

1a2) to put on, be clothed with (fig.)

1b) (Pual) to be fully clothed

1c) (Hiphil) to clothe, array with, dress

Aramaic equivalent: le.vash (לְבֵשׁ "to clothe" H3848)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
וַיִּלְבָּשֵׁ֑נִיvai.yil.ba.She.ni and it clothed me H3847 Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
110× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To clothe means to wrap something around or put on a garment. In the Bible, it can be used literally or figuratively, as in putting on clothes or being clothed with a certain attitude.
Tyndale gloss
to clothe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word לָבֵשׁ (*labash*) means to put on or wear clothing, and it can refer to both literal and figurative clothing. It is built from a primitive root meaning to wrap around. The entries cover various forms, including Qal, Pual, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of dressing or being clothed. The word is also noted for its use in a figurative sense, such as being clothed with a spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ vb. put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Qal

lit. put on (one’s own) garment; = wear (more or less habitually)

very oft. fig., put on, be clothed with

lit. put on

once

clothed with

and the spirit of י׳ clothed itself with Gideon

Pu. arrayed

Hiph. clothe, array with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3847 לָבֵשׁ, לָבַשׁ put on (a garment), wear, clothe, be clothed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3847 labash law-bash'

or labesh {law-bashe'}; a primitive root; properly, wrap

around, i.e. (by implication) to put on a garment or clothe

(oneself, or another), literally or figuratively:--(in)

apparel, arm, array (self), clothe (self), come upon, put (on,

upon), wear.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָבֵשׁ (la.vash) — to clothe.

1) to dress, wear, clothe, put on clothing, be clothed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put on clothes, be clothed, wear

1a2) to put on, be clothed with (fig.)

1b) (Pual) to be fully clothed

1c) (Hiphil) to clothe, array with, dress

Aramaic equivalent: le.vash (לְבֵשׁ "to clothe" H3848)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms | Suff — Verb qal sequential imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
Hc/Vqw3ms/Sp1bs
righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
כִּֽמְעִ֥ילkim.'Il [was] like a robe H4598 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A meil was a robe or outer garment worn by men of rank, including kings and high priests. It was also worn by David's daughters and is mentioned in various KJV translations as a cloak or coat.
Tyndale gloss
robe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְעִיל (me.il) means 'robe' and refers to an upper or outer garment. It is associated with garments worn by men of rank, long garments for David's daughters, and the high priest's attire. The word is derived from a root meaning 'covering' and encompasses various types of robes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְעִיל n.m. robe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4598 מְעִיל robe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4598 m`iyl meh-eel'

from 4603 in the sense of covering; a robe (i.e. upper and

outer garment):--cloke, coat, mantle, robe.

see HEBREW for 04603

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְעִיל (me.il) — robe.

1) robe

1a) a garment worn over a tunic by men of rank

1b) a long garment worn by David's daughters

1c) a garment of the high priest

1d) (fig.) of attributes

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

rob.

See DRESS, sec. 1, (3).

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Of righteousness 2Ch 6:41; Isa 61:10; Re 6:11; 7:9,13

→ The parable of the man who was not dressed in a wedding garment Mt 22:11

→ See DRESS

righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
וְ֝צָנִ֗יףve.tza.Nif and a turban H6797 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A turban or headdress is what this word describes, like the mitre worn by the high priest in Exodus 28:4. It was a symbol of dignity and office.
Amplified meaning
a head-dress
Tyndale gloss
turban
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָנִיף (tsaniyph) refers to a turban or head-dress, indicating a piece of cloth wrapped around the head. It can also denote related terms like diadem, hood, or mitre. The word is derived from a root meaning to wrap, and its feminine form is tsaniyphah. The entries consistently emphasize its use as a headdress.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָנִיף n.m. turban

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6797 צָנִיף turban

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6797 tsaniyph tsaw-neef'

or tsanowph {tsaw-nofe'}; or (feminine) tsaniyphah

{tsaw-nee-faw'}; from 6801; a head-dress (i.e. piece of cloth

wrapped around):--diadem, hood, mitre.

see HEBREW for 06801

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָנִיף (tsa.niph) — turban.

turban, headdress

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

tur'-ban (Le 16:4 margin).

See DRESS, V.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
righteousness I put on and it clothed me [was] like a robe and a turban justice my
מִשְׁפָּטִֽי׃mish.pa.Ti justice my H4941 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
422× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mishpat means justice or judgment, and is often used to describe God's righteous judgment, as well as human laws and decisions, in books like Deuteronomy and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
my judgment, right decisions
Tyndale gloss
justice: judgement
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מִשְׁפָּט (mishpat) primarily means judgment or justice and encompasses various aspects such as legal rights, ordinances, and decisions. It is derived from a root meaning to pronounce a verdict, covering both human and divine law. The entries highlight its application in legal contexts, including the act of deciding cases and the attributes of justice and rectitude.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִשְׁפָּט 422 n.m. judgment

judgment

justice, right, rectitude

ordinance

decision

one's (legal) right, privilege, due

proper, fitting, measure

custom, manner

what manner of

plan

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4941 מִשְׁפָּט judgment . judgment

. justice, right, rectitude

. ordinance

. decision

. one's (legal) right, privilege, due

. . proper, fitting, measure

. custom, manner

. what manner of

. plan

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4941 mishpat mish-pawt'

from 8199; properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable)

pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree

(human or (participant's) divine law, individual or

collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the

crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a

participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or

even a style:--+ adversary, ceremony, charge, X crime,

custom, desert, determination, discretion, disposing, due,

fashion, form, to be judged, judgment, just(-ice, -ly),

(manner of) law(-ful), manner, measure, (due) order,

ordinance, right, sentence, usest, X worthy, + wrong.

see HEBREW for 08199

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice: judgement.

: judgement/punishment

1) judgment, justice, ordinance

1a) judgment

1a1) act of deciding a case

1a2) place, court, seat of judgment

1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)

1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)

1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)

1a6) execution (of judgment)

1a7) time (of judgment)

1b) justice, right, rectitude (attributes of God or man)

1c) ordinance

1d) decision (in law)

1e) right, privilege, due (legal)

1f) proper, fitting, measure, fitness, custom, manner, plan

מִשְׁפָּט (mish.pat) — justice.

: justice/right/righteousness

1) judgment, justice, ordinance

1a) judgment

1a1) act of deciding a case

1a2) place, court, seat of judgment

1a3) process, procedure, litigation (before judges)

1a4) case, cause (presented for judgment)

1a5) sentence, decision (of judgment)

1a6) execution (of judgment)

1a7) time (of judgment)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate