Job 4:13 — Word Study
WLCבִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת לָ֑יְלָה בִּנְפֹ֥ל תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה עַל־ אֲנָשִֽׁים׃
BSAIn disquietingçâʻiph [troubling, from visions of the night] visionschizzâyôwn [revelations] in the nightlayil [period of darkness, adversity] when deep sleeptardêmâh [profound, complete, trance] fallsnâphal [comes upon, to fall] onʻal
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים | in disquieting thoughts | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת | from visions of | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct |
| לָ֑יְלָה | [the] night | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בִּנְפֹ֥ל | when falls | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה | deep sleep | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| אֲנָשִֽׁים׃ | people | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | In disquieting visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on men, |
| KJV | In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, |
| ASV | In thoughts from the visions of the night, When deep sleep falleth on men, |
| YLT | In thoughts from visions of the night, In the falling of deep sleep on men, |
| WEB | In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls on men, |
| BBE | In troubled thoughts from visions of the night, when deep sleep comes on men, |
All translations agree in their rendering of the verse, maintaining the core meaning.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with a subordinate clause providing additional context about the timing of the visions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectתַּרְדֵּמָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 4:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Experience of Divine Communicationgenerated
Job 4:13 reflects on the unsettling visions that Job experiences during the night. This verse is part of a larger discussion where Job recounts how he received insights and revelations during moments of deep sleep. The context suggests a connection between divine communication and the state of unconsciousness, as seen in other biblical instances where God speaks through dreams or visions, such as in Job 33:14-16.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 33:14–16 | For God speaks in one way and in another, yet no one notices. |
| 2 | Genesis 20:3 | One night, however, God came to Abimelech in a dream and told him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is a married woman.” |
| 3 | Genesis 28:12 | And Jacob had a dream about a ladder that rested on the earth with its top reaching up to heaven, and God’s angels were going up and down the ladder. |
| 4 | Genesis 31:24 | But that night God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream and warned him, “Be careful not to say anything to Jacob, either good or bad.” |
| 5 | Genesis 46:2 | And that night God spoke to Israel in a vision: “Jacob, Jacob!” He said. “Here I am,” replied Jacob. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׂעִפִּים, Bis.'i.pimgenerated
The word שְׂעִפִּים (se'ifim) is a noun derived from the root meaning to divide, indicating a state of disquiet or mixed thoughts. It suggests a divided mind, often associated with feelings of uncertainty or confusion. In this verse, it captures the essence of troubling thoughts that arise during the night.
This term appears in contexts that highlight ambivalence, such as in 1 Kings 18:21, where it emphasizes the struggle between conflicting opinions. Here, it reflects Job's disturbed state as he contemplates the visions he receives.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree in rendering the phrase consistently.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb נְפֹ֥ל, falls, governs the structure of the verse, with several phrases providing context. The subject of the verb is תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה, deep sleep, indicating what falls upon the people.
The prepositional phrases describe the circumstances: בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים (in disquieting thoughts) and מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת (from visions of) add depth to the imagery of the night and the experiences of the individuals.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שְׂעִפִּים as δὲ, suggesting a connection to the unfolding of events or thoughts in a more narrative style. This choice indicates a slight shift in focus from the original Hebrew's emphasis on disquieting thoughts to a more general connective term.
The Greek translation captures the essence of the Hebrew but may reflect a broader interpretation of the visions and their impact.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 4:13 describes how Job experiences troubling visions during the night when people are in a deep sleep. This verse emphasizes the connection between sleep and divine revelations, suggesting that such visions can bring discomfort and uncertainty.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Job refers to unsettling thoughts or revelations that disturb his peace during the night, indicating a state of inner turmoil.
The visions occur when deep sleep falls on men, suggesting that divine communication can happen in states of unconsciousness or trance.
Yes, other examples include dreams and visions in the lives of figures like Joseph and Daniel, where God reveals His plans.
Night symbolizes darkness and uncertainty, often representing times of trial or adversity in biblical literature.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some unsettling thoughts or visions I have experienced in my own life?
- How can I seek clarity during times of confusion and uncertainty?
- In what ways can I be more open to divine communication in my life?
- How does the concept of night as a time of adversity resonate with my own experiences?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators, such as Gregory the Dialogist, reflect on the significance of this verse, discussing its implications for understanding divine visions and the nature of contemplation.
In the horror of a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men. The horror of a vision of the night is the shuddering of secret contemplation.Early Church Fathers on Job 4 →
ON HOW HERETICS MISUSE THIS VERSE. In the horror of a vision of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men. It often happens, that while heretics are bent to discourse of things above them,Early Church Fathers on Job 4 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 4:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleIn thoughts from the visions of the night,.... While Eliphaz was thinking of and meditating upon divine things, or while he was revolving in his mind some night visions he had, before this was made
Read John Gill on Job 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryIn thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men, In thoughts from the visions. So Winer and English version. Whilst revolving night visions previously made to him (Daniel 2:29; Psalms 4:4).
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn thoughts; in the midst of my thoughts, or by reason of my thoughts, my perplexing thoughts. the word properly signifies a branch, and thence a thought, as , which proceeds from the mind as branches from a tree, and a perplexing thought, which is entangled like the branches of a tree. These thoughts were the occasion of the following fear. From the visions of the night: this may belong either to the thoughts last mentioned, or to the fear following; both which did arise from the visions of the night, i.e. from the great importance and the terribleness of such visions, whereof probably he had had former experience, and now had an expectation of another of them, which God had raised and…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 4:13 In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,Ver. 13. In thoughts from the visions of the night, &c.] Or, in thoughts of the visions of the night. It appeareth by this and other circumstances that this vision was no fiction or holy fraud (as some have conceited) to bring Job to a sight of his sin. Let Papists praise their St Dominic for his holy hypocrisy which he taught his disciples to make use of, to bring people the better to a good esteem of the faith and love of virtue. Eliphaz was a better man than to deal in such depths of the devil, and with such deliberate gravity put a lie upon God. He was really plodding, he was in thoughts, the word…
Read John Trapp on Job 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) In thoughts from the visions of the night.—The Book of Genesis exhibits the same idea of revelation through visions of the night, e.g., Job 15:1; Job 20:3; Job 30:11; Job 40:5; Job 41:1; afterwards it is not common, except in the Book of Daniel. The word rendered “thoughts” only occurs once again, in Job 20:2. The “deep sleep” of this place is like a reminiscence of Gen 2:21; Genesis 15:12. It is used again in Job 33:15, otherwise only once in 1 Samuel 26:12, once in Proverbs 19:15, and once in Isaiah 29:10.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. From the visions of the night] "It is in vain," says Mr. Good, "to search through ancient or modern poetry for a description that has any pretensions to rival that upon which we are now entering. Midnight-solitude - the deep sleep of all around - the dreadful chill and horripilation or erection of the hair over the whole body - the shivering, not of the muscles only, but of the bones themselves - the gliding approach of the spectre - the abruptness of his pause - his undefined and indescribable form - are all powerful and original characters, which have never been given with equal effect by any other writer." Mr. Hervey's illustration is also striking and natural. "'Twas in the…
Read AdamClarke on Job 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. This revelation which came to him secretly or “stealthily,” as the word means, was given in the dead of night. He had had visions on his bed, and perplexing, tangled thoughts filled his heart. God’s providence and ways to man, no doubt, were the subject of his thoughts. The night was recognised of old as favourable to deeper thought from its stillness. Then the mind was less distracted and ranged more freely in the regions of higher truth. And revelations from heaven often came to men in the night-season; cf. Zechariah 1:8, and the story of Nathan’s oracle to David in regard to building the Temple, 2 Samuel 7:3-4; also the words of the Psalmist, “My reins also instruct me in the…
Read Cambridge on Job 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIn thoughts - Amidst the tumultuous and anxious thoughts which occur in the night. The Hebrew word rendered thoughts, (שׂעפים śâ‛ı̂phı̂ym), means thoughts which divide and distract the mind.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
In disquieting visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on men,
In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falls on men,
In disquieting visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on men,
In the troubling thoughts of the dreams in the night when a deep sleep falls on men,
Tyndale line
In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,
In thoughts from the visions of the night, When deep sleep falleth on men,
In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men,
In thoughts from the visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men.
In the thoughtes of ye visions of the night, when sleepe falleth on men,
Strictly literal
In thoughts from visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men: —
In thoughts from visions of the night, In the falling of deep sleep on men,
In thoughts from visions of the night, || In the falling of deep sleep on men,
In intense thoughts out of visions of the night, when deep sleep falleth on men:
Then came thoughts from visions in the night, when deep sleep falls on people.
From the Latin
In the horror of a vision by night, when deep sleep is wont to hold men,
Simplified
Troubling thoughts came to me in nightmares when you fall into a deep sleep.
In troubled thoughts from visions of the night, when deep sleep comes on men,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording. All seven words match between the two texts, affirming the integrity of the verse across these witnesses.
בִּ֭שְׂעִפִּים מֵחֶזְיֹנ֣וֹת לָ֑יְלָה בִּנְפֹ֥ל תַּ֝רְדֵּמָ֗ה עַל־ אֲנָשִֽׁים׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 4:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
סְעִפָּה (sa'ifah) primarily refers to a division or divided opinion, while שְׂעִפִּים (se'ifim) denotes disquieting thoughts. The word is derived from a root meaning to divide, indicating ambivalence or conflicting sentiments. It appears in 1 Kings 18:21, highlighting its use in contexts of uncertainty or disagreement.
[סְעִפָּה] n.f. division, divided opinion;—pl. abs. 1 K 18:21
ref
שְׂעִפִּים n.[m.]pl. disquietings, = disquieting or excited thoughts
base
H5587a סְעִפָּה division, divided opinion H5587b שְׂעִפִּים disquietings, = disquieting or excited thoughts
5587 ca`iph saw-eef'
or samiph {saw-eef'}; from 5586; divided (in mind), i.e.
(abstractly) a sentiment:--opinion.
see HEBREW for 05586
סְעִפָּה (sa.iph) — division.
ambivalence, division, divided opinion
שְׂעִפִּים (se.i.pim) — disquietings.
disquietings
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
חִזָּיוֹן (chizzayown) means 'vision' and encompasses various forms of seeing, including ecstatic visions, night visions, and divine communication. It is derived from the root meaning of revelation or expectation, indicating its use in contexts like prophecy. The term is notably associated with the 'valley of vision,' possibly referring to Jerusalem.
חִזָּיוֹן n.m. vision
vision, in the ecstatic state
vision, in the night
divine communication
base
H2384 חִזָּיוֹן vision
2384 chizzayown khiz-zaw-yone'
from 2372; a revelation, expectation by dream:--vision.
see HEBREW for 02372
חִזָּיוֹן (chiz.za.von) — vision.
1) vision
1a) vision (in the ecstatic state)
1a1) valley of vision (perhaps fig. of Jerusalem or Hinnom)
1b) vision (in the night)
1c) vision, oracle, prophecy (in divine communication)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural constructHR/Ncfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
לַ֫יְלָה (layil) means 'night' and is derived from a root that suggests a twist away from light. It encompasses the literal sense of night as opposed to day, as well as figurative uses related to gloom or adversity. The term appears in contexts like Isaiah 21:11.
לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל 242 n.m. night
base
H3915 לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל night
3915 layil lah'-yil
or (Isa. 21:11) leyl {lale}; also laylah {lah'- yel-aw}; from
the same as 3883; properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e.
night; figuratively, adversity:--((mid-))night (season).
see HEBREW for 03883
לַ֫יְלָה (lay.lah) — night.
1) night
1a) night (as opposed to day)
1b) of gloom, protective shadow (fig.)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
nit.
See DAY AND NIGHT for the natural usage and the various terms.
1. In the Old Testament:
Figurative uses: The word "night" (laylah or layil is sometimes used figuratively in the Old Testament. Thus, Moses compares the brevity of time, the lapse of a thousand years, to "a watch in the night" (Ps 90:4). Adversity is depicted by it in such places as Job 35:10; compare Isa 8:20; Jer 15:9. Disappointment and despair are apparently depicted by it in the "burden of Dumah" (Isa 21:11,12); and spiritual blindness, coming upon the false prophets (Mic 3:6); again sudden and…
[DAY]
The ancient Hebrews began their artificial day at evening, and ended it the next evening, so that the night proceeded the day. This usage may probably be traced to the terms employed in describing the creation, Ge 1:5,8,13, etc., "The evening and the morning were the first day." The Hebrews allowed twelve to the day; but these hours were not equal, except at the equinox. At other times, when the hours of the night were long, those of the day were short, as in winter; and when the hours of night were short, as at midsummer, the hours of the day were long in proportion. See HOURS.
The nights are sometimes extremely cold in Syria, when the days are very hot; and travelers in the deserts and among the mountains near Palestine refer to their own sufferings from these opposite extremes, in illustration of Jacob’s words in
נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.
נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie
Qal 366
fall, by accident
Esp. of violent death
fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
fig. = experience calamity
fall, of a city
Fall prostrate
fall = prostrate oneself before
fall upon one's neck, in embrace
Fall upon = attack
desert or fall away to, go over to
Fig., of deep sleep
Other idiomatic uses
= lie; = lie prostrate
Hiph.
cause to fall
Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
Esp. of casting lot
Fig., let drop, cause to fail
cause deep sleep to fall
Other idioms
Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself
base
H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident
. . Esp. of violent death
. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
. fig. = experience calamity
. fall, of a city
. . Fall prostrate
. fall = prostrate oneself before
. fall upon one's neck, in embrace
. . Fall upon = attack
. desert or fall away to, go over to
. Fig., of deep sleep
. Other idiomatic uses
. = lie; = lie prostrate
. . cause to fall
. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
. Esp. of casting lot
. Fig., let drop, cause to fail
. cause deep sleep to fall
. Other idioms
. throw, or prostrate oneself
5307 naphal naw-fal'
a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications
(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be
accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide
(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall
(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have
(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay
(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,
lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make
to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
see HEBREW for 06419
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.
: fall/drop/fail
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before
1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of
1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result
1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to
1a7) to lie, lie prostrate
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate
1b2) to overthrow
1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot
1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)
1b5) to cause to fall
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon
1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself
1d) (Pilel) to fall
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.
: deserting
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
תַּרְדֵּמָה (tardemah) means 'deep sleep' or 'trance.' It is derived from the root word meaning lethargy. The term is used to describe a profound state of unconsciousness, as noted in various lexicons.
תַּרְדֵּמָה n.f. deep sleep
base
H8639 תַּרְדֵּמָה deep sleep
8639 tardemah tar-day-maw'
from 7290; a lethargy or (by implication) trance:--deep
sleep.
see HEBREW for 07290
תַּרְדֵּמָה (tar.de.mah) — deep sleep.
deep sleep, trance
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
See SLEEP, DEEP.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
אֱנוֹשׁ (enowsh) refers to man or mankind, often used in a poetic context. It denotes a mortal individual, distinguishing humans from more dignified terms for man. The word encompasses both singular and collective meanings, indicating people or persons in general. Its Aramaic equivalent is אֱנָשׁ (e.nash), also meaning 'man'.
אֱנוֹשׁ n.m. man, mankind, mostly poet.
of individ.
coll. men
man, mankind
base
H582 אֱנוֹשׁ man, mankind, mostly poet.
582 'enowsh en-oshe'
from 605; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the
more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or
collectively):--another, X (blood-)thirsty, certain,
chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age,
husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some
( X of them), + stranger, those, + their trade. It is often
unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in
apposition with another word . Compare 376.
see HEBREW for 0605
see HEBREW for 0120
see HEBREW for 0376
אֱנוֹשׁ (e.nosh) — human.
1) man, mortal man, person, mankind
1a) of an individual
1b) men (collective)
1c) man, mankind
Aramaic equivalent: e.nash (אֱנָשׁ "man" H0606)
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…