Menu

Leviticus 2:5 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוְאִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃

BSAIfʼim your offeringqorbân [gift to God] is a grain offeringminchâh [meal] prepared onʻal [baked, cooked] a griddlemachăbath [flat plate, frying pan] it must behâyâh unleavened breadmatstsâh [without yeast, symbolizing purity] made of fine flourçôleth [refined, pure] mixedbâlal [mingled, combined] with oilshemen [olive oil, symbolizing richness and abundance]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 2
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (tih.Yeh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 2:5quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse describes the requirements for a grain offering prepared on a griddle.
What is offeredA grain offering, specifically unleavened bread made from fine flour.
How it is preparedThe offering is baked on a griddle.
Key ingredientsFine flour mixed with oil.
SymbolismUnleavened bread symbolizes purity.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause verbבָּלַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 2:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Instructions for Grain Offeringsgenerated

4Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil.
5If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.
6Crumble it and pour oil on it; it is a grain offering.
7If your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan, it must consist of fine flour with oil.

Leviticus 2:5 outlines the specific requirements for grain offerings, emphasizing the importance of preparation and purity. This verse is part of a larger section detailing various types of offerings that the Israelites were to present to God, reflecting their devotion and the significance of proper worship practices.


Cross References


The Key Word מִנְחָה, min.Chahgenerated

The term מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses various forms of offerings, especially bloodless sacrifices like grain offerings. The root of the word suggests the act of apportioning or bestowing, indicating a donation made to God.

In this verse, the grain offering signifies a voluntary act of worship, where fine flour is used to symbolize purity and devotion. The use of fine flour indicates that the offering should be of high quality, reflecting the worshiper's sincerity.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Translations agree that this verse describes a grain offering prepared on a griddle, emphasizing the use of unleavened bread made from fine flour mixed with oil.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains a main clause introduced by the conjunction וְאִם־ (ve.'im-), meaning 'and if', which sets up the condition for the offering. The structure follows with a noun phrase describing the offering and several prepositional phrases detailing its preparation and ingredients.

The finite verbs בְּלוּלָ֥ה (be.lu.Lah) and תִהְיֶֽה (tih.Yeh) govern the actions, indicating that the offering must be mixed and will be a specific type of bread.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates מִנְחָה as θυσία (thysia), meaning 'sacrifice' or 'offering', which aligns with the Hebrew meaning but broadens the term to include all types of offerings.

This choice reflects a more general understanding of offerings in the Greek context, where the act of offering was not limited to grain but included various forms of sacrifices.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 2:5 explains that if someone brings a grain offering baked on a griddle, it must be made of fine flour and mixed with oil, and it should be unleavened bread. This offering is meant to be a pure and high-quality gift to God.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is a grain offering?

A grain offering is a type of offering made without blood, typically consisting of fine flour and often mixed with oil, presented to God as a sign of devotion.

Why is unleavened bread specified?

Unleavened bread symbolizes purity and is significant in the context of offerings, as it represents a state of being free from sin or corruption.

What does mixing with oil signify?

Mixing with oil symbolizes richness and abundance, often representing the blessings and favor of God.

How is this offering prepared?

The offering is prepared by baking it on a griddle, which is a flat cooking surface, ensuring it meets the specific requirements outlined in the law.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does it mean to you to offer something to God, and how can you ensure your offerings are of high quality?
  2. In what areas of your life do you need to focus on purity, similar to the unleavened bread in this offering?
  3. How can you incorporate symbols of richness and abundance in your own offerings to God?
  4. What steps can you take to prepare your heart and mind before presenting your offerings to God?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 2:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And if thy meat offering be an oblation [baken] on a pan,.... Which had no edge or covering, and the paste on it hard, that it might not run out: it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with

Read John Gill on Leviticus 2 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 2 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 2:5 And if thy oblation [be] a meat offering [baken] in a pan, it shall be [of] fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.Ver. 5. Baken in a pan.] Afterwards parted in pieces, and oil poured upon it: signifying the graces of God’ s Spirit wherewith Christ was fully anointed within and without, and wherewith we should be tempered and anointed.

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 2 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Baken in a pan.—Better, a flat plate. This is probably the iron fire-plate (Ezekiel 5:3), with a convex surface, which is placed horizontally upon stones about nine inches from the ground, and underneath which the fire is kindled, used by the Arabs to this day. The large thin cakes, and the thin wafer bread, are laid upon the convex surface, where they are baked in comparatively few minutes. These baking operations took place in the court of the sanctuary, where the vessels of ministration were kept (Ezekiel 46:20; 1 Chronicles 23:28-29).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 2 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. Baken in a pan] מחבת machabath, supposed to be a flat iron plate, placed over the fire; such as is called a griddle in some countries.

Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 2 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. of the baking pan] The Heb. word occurs only here and in Leviticus 6:21 [Heb. 14], Leviticus 7:9, 1 Chronicles 23:29 in connexion with sacrifice, and in Ezekiel 4:3 (pan, mg. flat plate). See on Leviticus 2:7.

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 2 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

5. Baken in a pan — This was a flat iron plate or griddle. It is still used by the Arabs.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 2 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

If your offering is a meal offering made on a griddle, it shall be of unleavened fine flour, mixed with oil.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.

NETBNew English Translation2006

If your offering is a grain offering made on the griddle, it must be choice wheat flour mixed with olive oil, unleavened.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ And if thy oblation be a meat offering baken in a pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And if thy oblation be a meal-offering of the baking-pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And if thy oblation be a meal offering of the baking pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And if thy oblation shall be a meat-offering baked in a pan, it shall be of fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But if thy meate offring be an oblation of the frying pan, it shall be of fine flowre vnleauened, mingled with oyle.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And if thine offering be an oblation [baken] on the pan, it shall be fine flour unleavened, mingled with oil.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

'And if thine offering [is] a present [made] on the girdel, it is of flour, mixed with oil, unleavened;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And if your offering [is] a present [made] on the griddle, it is of flour, mixed with oil, unleavened;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And if thy oblation be a meat-offering baked in a pan, it shall be made of fine flour mingled with oil, unleavened.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

If your grain offering is baked with a flat iron pan, it must be of fine flour without yeast that is mixed with oil.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

If thy oblation be from the fryingpan, of flour tempered with oil, and without leaven,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

If your offering is a grain offering cooked on a griddle, it must be made of fine flour mixed with olive oil without using yeast.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And if you give a meal offering cooked on a flat plate, let it be of the best meal, unleavened and mixed with oil.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseclauseאִםifclausenoun phrase · predicateמִנְחָ֥ה[is].a.grain.offeringprepositional phraseעַלonnoun phraseהַֽthe.bakingמַּחֲבַ֖תtraynoun phrase · subjectקָרְבָּנֶ֑presentךָyourclausenoun phrase · objectnoun phraseסֹ֛לֶתfine.flouradjective phraseclauseverbבְּלוּלָ֥הmixedprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַwithnoun phrase(the)שֶּׁ֖מֶןoilמַצָּ֥הunleavened.bread(s)verbתִהְיֶֽהit.will.be

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text is consistent with the Septuagint and the Samaritan Pentateuch, with all witnesses agreeing on the wording of the verse. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some damage, but the surviving words align with the Masoretic Text, indicating no significant variations.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְאִם־ מִנְחָ֥ה עַל־ הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖ת קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָ סֹ֛לֶת בְּלוּלָ֥ה בַשֶּׁ֖מֶן מַצָּ֥ה תִהְיֶֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְאִם־ἐὰνמִנְחָ֥הθυσίαעַל־ἀπὸהַֽמַּחֲבַ֖תτηγάνουקָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָσουסֹ֛לֶתσεμίδαλιςבְּלוּלָ֥הπεφυραμένηבַשֶּׁ֖מֶןἐλαίῳמַצָּ֥הἄζυμαתִהְיֶֽה׃ἔσται

10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ואם מנחה על מחבת קרבנך סלת בלולה בשׁמן מצה תהיה

Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q24a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ואם] מנחה [על] [המחבת] קרבנ׳ך [סלת] [בלולה] [בשמן] [מצה] [תהיה]

2 words on the leather — 8 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 2:5אִםand ifand ifאִםמִנְחָה[is] a grai[is] a grain ofמִנְחָהעַלononעַלמַחֲבַתthe baking the baking trayמַחֲבַתקָרְבָּןpresent youpresent yourקָרְבָּןסֹ֫לֶתfine flourfine flourסֹ֫לֶתבָּלַלmixedmixedבָּלַלשֶׁ֫מֶןwith oilwith oilשֶׁ֫מֶןמַצָּהunleavened unleavened breaמַצָּההָיָהit will beit will beהָיָהקָרֵבto presentto present: comקָרֵבבְּלִילfodderfodderבְּלִילשָׁמֵןto grow fato grow fatשָׁמֵןמָצַץto drink dto drink deeplyמָצַץעַלheightheightעַלחֲבִתִּיםflatbreadflatbreadחֲבִתִּיםהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאבָּלַלto mixto mixבָּלַלסֹ֫לֶתfine flourfine flourסֹ֫לֶתעִשָּׂרוֹןtenthtenthעִשָּׂרוֹןחֵןfavorfavorחֵןיֵשׁtherethereיֵשׁכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּארָבַךְto stirto stirרָבַךְמִנְחָהofferingofferingמִנְחָהקְעָרָהdishdishקְעָרָהמִשְׁחָהanointinganointingמִשְׁחָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 2:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
וְאִם־ve.'im- and if H518 Conjunction · particle
1,070× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to express conditions or questions, like if or whether. It can also be used to make oaths or express wishes, as in Oh that! It appears in various forms in the KJV, including if, though, and when.
Tyndale gloss
if
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִם conj.

hypoth. part. if

Interrog. part.

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if

. Interrog. part.

H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

518 'im eem

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;

interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh

that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,

doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +

more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,

+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,

none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,

whereas, whether, while, + yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִם (im) — if.

: if/whether_or/though

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

אִם (im) — if: surely no.

: surely_no

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: surely yes.

: surely_yes

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: until.

: until/except

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Conj — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
מִנְחָ֥הmin.Chah [is] a grain offering H4503 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
211× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for offering refers to a gift or donation, often given to God as a sacrifice. In Leviticus 2:1, it describes a grain offering. It can also mean tribute or present.
Amplified meaning
meal
Tyndale gloss
offering
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses a range of meanings including tribute, voluntary offerings, and specifically bloodless sacrifices, often grain offerings. The term is derived from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, indicating a donation or present, especially to God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִנְחָה 153 n.f. gift, tribute, offering

gift, present

tribute

offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals

grain offering

grain-offering, always with this meaning in P

vbs. of offering are

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4503 מִנְחָה gift, tribute, offering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4503 minchah min-khaw'

from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a

donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial

offering (usually bloodless and voluntary):--gift, oblation,

(meat) offering, present, sacrifice.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering.

: offering/sacrifice

1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering

1a) gift, present

1b) tribute

1c) offering (to God)

1d) grain offering

מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: gift.

: gift

1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering

1a) gift, present

1b) tribute

1c) offering (to God)

1d) grain offering

מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: tribute.

: tribute

1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering

1a) gift, present

1b) tribute

1c) offering (to God)

1d) grain offering

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Offering

An oblation, dedicated to God. Thus Cain consecrated to God of the first-fruits of the earth, and Abel of the firstlings of the flock (Gen. 4:3, 4). Under the Levitical system different kinds of offerings are specified, and laws laid down as to their presentation. These are described under their distinctive names.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

In the Hebrew, an offering, minchah, is distinguished from a sacrifice, zebah, as being bloodless. In our version, however, the word offering is often used for a sacrifice, as in the case of peace offerings, sin offerings, etc. Of the proper offerings, that is, the unbloody offerings, some accompanied the sacrifices, as flour, wine, salt; others were not connected with any sacrifices. Like the sacrifices, some, as the first fruits and tenths, were obligatory; other were voluntary offerings of devotion. Various sorts of offerings are enumerated in the books of Moses. Among these are,

1. Fine flour, or meal;

2. Cakes baked in an oven;

3. Cakes baked on a plate or shallow pan;

4. Cakes cooked in deep vessel by frying in oil, (English version, "frying pan," though some understand here a gridiron or a plate with holes;)

and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Amplified meaning
baked, cooked
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
הַֽמַּחֲבַ֖תha.ma.cha.Vat the baking tray H4227 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word refers to a flat pan used for baking, like a griddle. It appears in Leviticus 2:5 and 7:9, describing food offerings. The KJV translates it as 'pan'.
Amplified meaning
flat plate, frying pan
Tyndale gloss
griddle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַחֲבַת (machabath) refers to a flat plate or pan used for baking, specifically a griddle. It is derived from a root meaning to bake, and all entries consistently describe it as a baking utensil.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַחֲבַת n.f. flat plate, pan, or griddle for baking

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4227 מַחֲבַת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4227 machabath makh-ab-ath'

from the same as 2281; a pan for baking in:--pan.

see HEBREW for 02281

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַחֲבַת (ma.cha.vat) — griddle.

1) flat plate, pan, griddle

1a) for baking

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
קָרְבָּנֶ֑ךָka.re.ba.Ne.cha present your H7133 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
82× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to an offering or sacrifice brought near to the altar, and is used in the Bible to describe the sacrifices made by the Israelites. In Leviticus 1:2, it describes the burnt offering presented to God.
Amplified meaning
gift to God
Tyndale gloss
offering
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָרְבָּן (qorban) refers to an offering or oblation, specifically something brought near the altar as a sacrificial present. The term has two spellings: קָרְבָּן and קֻרְבָּן, both meaning 'offering.' The word is derived from a root meaning to bring near.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָרְבָּן 80 n.m. offering, oblation

base

[קֻרְבָּן] n.[m.] offering

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7133a קָרְבָּן offering, oblation H7133b קֻרְבָּן offering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7133 qorban kor-bawn'

or qurban {koor-bawn'}; from 7126; something brought near the

altar, i.e. a sacrificial present:--oblation, that is

offered, offering.

see HEBREW for 07126

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קׇרְבָּן (qor.ban) — offering.

offering, oblation

Also means: qur.ban (קֻרְבָּן "offering" H7133B)

קֻרְבָּן (qur.ban) — offering.

offering

Another spelling of qor.ban (קׇרְבָּן "offering" H7133A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2ms
and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
סֹ֛לֶתSo.let fine flour H5560 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
53× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to fine flour, often used in baking and as an offering. It is translated as 'fine flour' or 'meal' in the KJV Bible, and is mentioned in various books, including Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
refined, pure
Tyndale gloss
fine flour
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סֹ֫לֶת (solet) refers to fine flour, derived from a root meaning to strip, suggesting a process of refinement. The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its use in contexts related to meal or flour in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סֹ֫לֶת 53 n.f. fine flour

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5560 סֹ֫לֶת fine flour

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5560 coleth so'-leth

from an unused root meaning to strip; flour (as chipped

off):--(fine) flour, meal.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סֹ֫לֶת (so.let) — fine flour.

fine flour

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

flour.

See BREAD; FOOD.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Flour

Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.

Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[BREAD]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See BARLEY

→ See BREAD

→ See OFFERING

→ See WHEAT

and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
בְּלוּלָ֥הbe.lu.Lah mixed H1101 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singular
43× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To feed or anoint, this verb means to give provender to animals or to mix something, like oil. It is used to describe caring for animals or preparing something.
Amplified meaning
mingled, combined
Tyndale gloss
to mix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּלַל (balal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to mix, mingle, or confuse. It can also refer to feeding animals, derived from a primitive root that implies overflowing, particularly with oil. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Hithpoel, and Hiphil, covering actions like mingling among people or fading away. Notably, it is linked to the concept of providing fodder.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound

Qal

mingle, confuse

mix

Hithpo. Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself

Hiph. and we faded away

base

בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender Ju 19:21

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1101a בָּלַל mingle, mix, confuse, confound . mingle, confuse

. mix

H1101b בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1101 balal baw-lal'

a primitive root; to overflow (specifically with oil.); by

implication, to mix; also (denominatively from 1098) to

fodder:--anoint, confound, X fade, mingle, mix (self), give

provender, temper.

see HEBREW for 01098

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to mix.

1) to mix, mingle, confuse, confound

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to mingle, confuse

1a2) to mix

1b) (Hithpoel) to mix oneself (among others)

1c) (Hiphil) to fade away

בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to feed.

to give provender, feed (animals)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singular
HVqsfsa
and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
בַשֶּׁ֖מֶןva.She.men with oil H8081 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
193× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for oil, often referring to olive oil, which was highly valued in ancient times. It symbolizes richness, anointing, and healing, and is used in various biblical contexts, including rituals and medicinal practices.
Amplified meaning
olive oil, symbolizing richness and abundance
Tyndale gloss
oil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫מֶן (shemen) refers to fat or oil, particularly olive oil, and includes meanings related to richness and anointing. It is derived from the root word for grease and can also metaphorically describe fertile land. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts like medicinal applications and anointing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫מֶן 192 n.m. fat, oil

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8081 שֶׁ֫מֶן fat, oil

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8081 shemen sheh'-men

from 8080; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive,

often perfumed); figuratively, richness:--anointing, X fat

(things), X fruitful, oil((-ed)), ointment, olive, + pine.

see HEBREW for 08080

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫מֶן (she.men) — oil.

1) fat, oil

1a) fat, fatness

1b) oil, olive oil

1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent

1b2) for anointing

1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HRd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

oil (shemen; elaion):

1. Terms

2. Production and Storage

3. Uses

(1) As a Commodity of Exchange

(2) As a Cosmetic

(3) As a Medicine

(4) As a Food

(5) As an Illuminant

(6) In Religious Rites

(a) Consecration

(b) Offerings

(c) Burials

4. Figurative Uses

Shemen, literally, "fat," corresponds to the common Arabic senin of similar meaning, although now applied to boiled butter fat.

1. Terms:

Another Hebrew word, zayith (zeth), "olive," occurs with shemen in several passages (Ex 27:20; 30:24; Le 24:2). The corresponding Arabic zeit, a contraction of zeitun, which is the name for the olive tree as well as the fruit, is now applied to oils in general, to distinguish them from solid fats. Zeit usually means olive oil, unless some qualifying name indicates another oil. A corresponding use was made of…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Oil

Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the offerings (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 7:12; Num. 6:15; 15:4), but was excluded from the sin-offering (Lev. 5:11) and the jealousy-offering (Num. 5:15); for burning in lamps (

Was employed from the earliest periods in the east, not only for the purpose of consecration, but to anoint the head, the beard, and the whole person in daily life, Ge 28:18. See ANOINTING. It was also universally used for food, Eze 16:13. Fresh and sweet olive oil was greatly preferred to butter and animal fat as a seasoning for food, and to this day in Syria almost every kind of food is cooked with oil. It had a place also among the meat-offerings in the temple, being usually mixed with the meal of the oblation, Le 5:11 6:21. For lamps, also, pure olive oil was regarded as the best, and was used in illuminating the tabernacle. These many uses for oil made the culture of the olive-tree an extensive and lucrative business,

and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
מַצָּ֥הma.Tzah unleavened bread H4682 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
53× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, matstsah refers to unleavened bread, a sweet bread made without yeast, often eaten during the Passover festival. It symbolizes purity and simplicity. This bread is mentioned in Exodus and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
without yeast, symbolizing purity
Tyndale gloss
unleavened bread
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַצָּה (matstsah) refers to unleavened bread or cakes, specifically those made without yeast. The term is linked to the idea of sweetness, contrasting with sour or bitter bread. It is notably associated with the festival of Passover, during which leaven is prohibited.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַצָּה n.f. unleavened bread, or cake(s)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4682 מַצָּה unleavened bread, or cake(s)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4682 matstsah mats-tsaw'

from 4711 in the sense of greedily devouring for sweetness;

properly, sweetness; concretely, sweet (i.e. not soured or

bittered with yeast); specifically, an unfermented cake or

loaf, or (elliptically) the festival of Passover (because no

leaven was then used):--unleaved (bread, cake), without

leaven.

see HEBREW for 04711

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַצָּה (mats.tsah) — unleavened bread.

unleavened (bread, cake), without leaven.

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ (With yeast, which symbolized pervasive corruption)

→ See BREAD

→ See PASSOVER

and if [is] a grain offering on the baking tray present your fine flour mixed with oil unleavened bread it will be
תִהְיֶֽה׃tih.Yeh it will be H1961 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
HVqi3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See TESTAMENT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ THE MENTAL FACULTY

Freedom of, recognized by God Ge 4:6-10; De 5:29; 1Ki 20:42; Isa 1:18-20; 43:26; Jer 36:3,7; Joh 7:17

See BLESSINGS, CONTINGENT UPON OBEDIENCE

See CHOICE

See CONTINGENCY

→ OF GOD, THE SUPREME RULE OF DUTY Mt 6:10; 12:50; 26:39,42; Mr 3:35; 14:36; Lu 11:2; 22:42; Joh 4:34; 5:30; 6:38-40; Ac…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate