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Nehemiah 10:9 — Word Study

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WLCוְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙ בֶּן־ אֲזַנְיָ֔ה בִּנּ֕וּי מִבְּנֵ֥י חֵנָדָ֖ד קַדְמִיאֵֽל׃

BSAMaaziahMaʻazyâh BilgaiBilgay ShemaiahShᵉmaʻyâh theseʼêl-leh priestkôhên

Word
Listen & take awayNehemiah 10
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 9 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (kad.mi.'El) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Nehemiah 10:9quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse lists the Levites who were part of the community returning from exile.
Who is speakingThe text identifies the Levites, specifically naming Jeshua, Binnui, and Kadmiel.
Where we areThis is part of a larger list of leaders and priests in the post-exilic community.
The hard wordוְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם
Take awayThe Levites played a crucial role in the spiritual life of Israel.
3 commentators on this verse Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Nehemiah 10:9

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The List of Levites in Nehemiahgenerated

8Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah. These were the priests.
9The Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,
10and their associates: Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,
11Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah,

Nehemiah 10:9 presents a list of Levites who returned from exile, emphasizing their importance in the restoration of the Jewish community. This verse highlights key figures involved in the rebuilding efforts, as well as their spiritual responsibilities, which were vital for the re-establishment of worship and community life in Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Nehemiah 3:19And next to him, Ezer son of Jeshua, ruler of Mizpah, repaired another section opposite the Ascent to the Armory, near the angle in the wall.
2Nehemiah 7:43The Levites: the descendants of Jeshua (through Kadmiel, through the line of Hodevah ), 74.
3Nehemiah 8:7The Levites—Jeshua, Bani, Sherebiah, Jamin, Akkub, Shabbethai, Hodiah, Maaseiah, Kelita, Azariah, Jozabad, Hanan, and Pelaiah—instructed the people in the Law as they stood in their places.
4Nehemiah 9:4And the Levites—Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani—stood on the raised platform and cried out in a loud voice to the LORD their God.
5Nehemiah 3:18–24Next to him, their countrymen made repairs under Binnui son of Henadad, ruler of the other half-district of Keilah.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם, ve.hal.vi.Yimgenerated

The word וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם (*vehalviym*) means 'and the Levites' and refers to members of the tribe of Levi, who were set apart for religious duties. This term indicates their special role in serving God and the community, as they were responsible for the spiritual leadership and maintenance of the temple.

The parsing as a conjunction and noun in the masculine plural shows that it is used to connect the Levites to the preceding context while identifying them as a distinct group with a significant role in Israel's spiritual life.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is centered around the noun phrase וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם, and the Levites, which introduces the list of names that follow. The structure is straightforward, presenting the Levites and their lineage in a clear and organized manner.

The sentence flows by listing the Levites in a series, which emphasizes their collective identity and importance in the restoration of the community.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם as σαμαια, indicating a focus on the Levites as a distinct group. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the Levites' role in the community.

The translation shows continuity in the recognition of the Levites' importance, though the exact wording differs from the Hebrew.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Nehemiah 10:9 identifies the Levites who returned from exile, naming Jeshua, Binnui, and Kadmiel. These men were part of the leadership responsible for rebuilding the community and restoring worship in Jerusalem after the exile.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Who were the Levites?

The Levites were descendants of Levi, one of Jacob's sons, and were set apart for religious duties in Israel.

What role did Jeshua play?

Jeshua was a leader who helped the Israelites return from exile and played a significant role in the rebuilding of the temple.

Why is Binnui mentioned?

Binnui was involved in the rebuilding efforts in Jerusalem and is noted for his contributions during the restoration period.

What is the significance of Kadmiel?

Kadmiel was a Levite leader who oversaw temple work and led the people in confession after the exile.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I learn from the dedication of the Levites in serving their community?
  2. What does it mean to me that God calls specific people to serve in leadership roles?
  3. In what ways can I contribute to the spiritual life of my community?
  4. How can I support those who lead in spiritual matters today?

Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Nehemiah 10:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on Nehemiah 10 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9) And the Levites.—Five of these family names are traceable (Ezra 2:40; Ezra 8:19; Nehemiah 7:43).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Nehemiah 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

9–13. The Levites9. both Jeshua] R.V. namely, Jeshua. The ‘copula’ is used definitively as in Nehemiah 9:16-22. But some of the best MSS. omit it altogether.

Read Cambridge on Nehemiah 10 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The Levites: Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The Levites: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,

NETBNew English Translation2006

The Levites were as follows: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the Levites: namely, Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the Levites: namely, Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the Levites: both Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And the Leuites: Ieshua the sonne of Azaniah, Binnui, of the sonnes of Henadad, Kadmiel.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

— And the Levites: Jeshua the son of Azaniah; Binnui, of the sons of Henadad; Kadmiel,

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And the Levites: both Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And the Levites: both Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(10:10) And the Levites: Jeshua' the son of Azanyah, Binnui [[of]] the sons of Chenadad, Kadmiel;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The Levites were: Jeshua son of Azaniah, Binnui of the family of Henadad, Kadmiel,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And the Levites, Josue the son of Azanias, Bennui of the sons of Henadad. Cedmihel,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The Levites: Jeshua, son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And the Levites: by name, Jeshua, the son of Azaniah, Binnui, of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְֽandclausenoun phraseהַtheלְוִיִּ֑םLevitesוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseיֵשׁ֨וּעַ֙Jeshuanoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonאֲזַנְיָ֔הof.Azaniahnoun phraseבִּנּ֕וּיBinnuiprepositional phraseמִonenoun phraseבְּנֵ֥יof.the.sonsחֵנָדָ֖דof.HenadadקַדְמִיאֵֽלKadmiel

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text lists the same names as in the Hebrew, affirming the accuracy of the transcription. The Septuagint matches only three of the eight words, indicating some differences in translation and emphasis.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑ם וְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙ בֶּן־ אֲזַנְיָ֔ה בִּנּ֕וּי מִבְּנֵ֥י חֵנָדָ֖ד קַדְמִיאֵֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑םσαμαιαוְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙οὗτοιבֶּן־ἱερεῖς

3 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Nehemiah 10:9לֵוִיand the Levand the Levitesלֵוִייְהוֹשׁוּעַand Jeshuaand Jeshuaיְהוֹשׁוּעַבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּAzaniahAzaniahאֲזַנְיָ֫הוּבִּנּוּיBinnuiBinnuiבִּנּוּיבֵּןone of [theone of [the] soבֵּןחֵנָדָדHenadadHenadadחֵנָדָדקַדְמִיאֵלKadmielKadmielקַדְמִיאֵלבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהלֵוִיLeviLeviלֵוִיאָזַןto listento listenאָזַןחֵןfavorfavorחֵןקֶ֫דֶםfront: easfront: eastקֶ֫דֶםיְהוֹשׁוּעַJoshuaJoshuaיְהוֹשׁוּעַקַדְמִיאֵלKadmielKadmielקַדְמִיאֵלעַמּוֹןAmmonAmmonעַמּוֹןרְאוּבֵןReubenReubenרְאוּבֵןבִּנּוּיBinnuiBinnuiבִּנּוּיכֹּהֵןpriestpriestכֹּהֵןעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהיְהוֹצָדָקJozadakJozadakיְהוֹצָדָקחֵנָדָדHenadadHenadadחֵנָדָדאָחbrother: mbrother: male-sאָחשֵׁרֵֽבְיָהSherebiahSherebiahשֵׁרֵֽבְיָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Nehemiah 10:9

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
וְֽהַלְוִיִּ֑םve.hal.vi.Yim and the Levites H3881 Conjunction · particle · noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
291× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Levite is a descendant of Levi, one of Jacob's 12 sons, mentioned in Genesis 29:34. Levi's brothers include Reuben, Simeon, and Judah. His descendants played a key role in Israel's spiritual life.
Tyndale gloss
Levi
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֵוִי (Leviy) refers to a Levite, a member of the tribe of Levi, which is the third son of Jacob and Leah. This term encompasses the descendants of Levi, who were set apart for religious duties. The word is linked to the Hebrew root for 'joining,' reflecting the tribe's special role in service to God. It first appears in Genesis 29:34.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵוִי 291 adj.gent. Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3881 לֵוִי Levite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3881 Leviyiy lay-vee-ee'

or Leviy {lay-vee'}; patronymically from 3878; a Levite or

descendant of Levi:--Leviite.

see HEBREW for 03878

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֵוִי (le.viy.yi) — Levi.

Someone from the tribe of Levi living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.34;

son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);

brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Judah (H3063), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);

half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);

father of: Gershon (H1648), Kohath (H6955), Merari (H4847) and Jochebed (H3115)

Another name of le.vi (לֵוִי "Levi" H3878)

§ Levite, of Levi "joined to"

1) the descendants of Levi, the 3rd son of Jacob by Leah

1a) the tribe descended from Levi specially set aside by God for His service

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Td/Ngmpa — Conjunction · particle · noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
HC/Td/Ngmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

le'-vits.

See PRIESTS AND LEVITES.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(descendants of Levi). Sometimes the name extends to the whole tribe, the priests included, (Exodus 6:25; Leviticus 25:32; Numbers 35:2; Joshua 21:3,41) etc; sometimes only to those members of the tribe who were not priests, and as distinguished from them. Sometimes again it is added as an epithet of the smaller portion of the tribe, and we read of "the priests the Levites." (Joshua 3:3; Ezekiel 44:15) The history of the tribe and of the functions attached to its several orders is essential to any right apprehension of the history of Israel as a people. It will fall…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

All the descendants of Levi may be comprised under this name, Ex 6:16,25 Jos 3:3, (see LEVI;) but chiefly those who were employed in the lower services in the temple, by which they were distinguished from the priests, who were of the race of Levi by Aaron, and were employed in higher offices, Nu 3:6-10 18:2-7. God chose the Levites for the service of his tabernacle and temple, instead of the firstborn of all Israel, to whom such duties naturally belonged, and who were already sacred to God in memory of the great deliverance in Egypt. Ex 13:1-22 Nu 3:12,13,39-51. In the wilderness, the Levites took charge of the tabernacle…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (The descendants of Levi)

→ Set apart as ministers of religion Nu 1:47-54; 3:6-16; 16:9; 26:57-62; De 10:8; 1Ch 15:2

→ Substituted in the place of the firstborn children Nu 3:12,41-45; 8:14,16-18; 18:6

→ Religious zeal of Ex 32:26-28; De 33:9,10; Mal 2:4,5

→ Consecration of Nu 8:6-21

→ Sedition among, led by Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and On, on account of jealousy toward Moses and Aaron Nu 16; with 4:19,20

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
וְיֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙ve.ye.Shu.a' and Jeshua H3442 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jeshua was a common name in the Bible, given to several men, including a leader who helped the Israelites return from exile. He is mentioned in the book of Ezra, where he is called a son of Jehozadak and a father of Joiakim.
Tyndale gloss
Jeshua
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יֵשׁוּעַ (*Yeshuwa`*) refers to Jeshua, meaning 'he will save.' It is associated with several figures in the Old Testament, including Moses' successor, a high priest after the restoration, and various priests and leaders during the Divided Monarchy and Exile. The term also denotes a town in southern Judah. There are multiple references to Jeshua across different contexts, highlighting his significance in Israel's history.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יְהוֹשׁוּעַ, יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, and (later) יֵשׁוּעַ, n.pr.m. (& loc., v. 9 infr.) (י׳ is salvation or י׳ is opulence)

Moses’ successor, son of Nun

a Bethshemite

h.p. after the restoration, son of Jehozadak

governor of Jerusalem under Josiah

head of one of the classes of priests

a Levitical family-name of frequent occurrence

father of a builder at the wall

a Judaite family-name

n.pr.loc. in south of Judah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3442 יְהוֹשׁוּעַ, יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3442 Yeshuwa` yay-shoo'-ah

for 3091; he will save; Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites,

also of a place in Palestine:--Jeshua.

see HEBREW for 03091

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יֵשׁוּעַ (ye.shu.a) — Jeshua.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.11;

son of: Jozadak (H3136)

§ Jeshua = "he is saved"

1) son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim and successor to Moses as the leader of the children of Israel; led the conquest of Canaan

2) son of Jehozadak and high priest after the restoration

3) a priest in the time of David who had charge of the 9th course

4) a Levite in the reign of Hezekiah

5) head of a Levitical house which returned from captivity in Babylon

6) father of a builder of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah

7) a town in southern Judah reinhabited by the people of Judah after the return from captivity

יֵשׁוּעַ (ye.shu.a) — Jeshua.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.31.15

§ Jeshua = "he is saved"

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

jesh'-u-a, je-shu'-a (yeshua`): A place occupied by the children of Judah after their return from captivity (Ne 11:26), evidently, from the places named with it, in the extreme South of Judah. It may correspond with the Shema of Jos 15:26, and possibly to the Sheba of 19:2. The site may be Khirbet Sa`weh, a ruin upon a prominent hill, Tell es Sa`weh, 12 miles East-Northeast of Beersheba. The hill is surrounded by a wall of large blocks of stone. PEF, III, 409-10, Sh XXV.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Jeshua

(1.) Head of the ninth priestly order (Ezra 2:36); called also Jeshuah (1 Chr. 24:11).

(2.) A Levite appointed by Hezekiah to distribute offerings in the priestly cities (2 Chr. 31:15).

(3.) Ezra 2:6; Neh. 7:11.

(4.) Ezra 2:40; Neh. 7:43.

(5.) The son of Jozadak, and high priest of the Jews under Zerubbabel (Neh. 7:7; 12:1, 7, 10, 26); called Joshua (Hag. 1:1, 12; 2:2, 4;

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Or JOSHUA, son of Josedech, was high priest of the Jews at their return from the captivity, and acted well his part in the restoration of the city, the temple, and the divine worship, Ezr 4:3 5:2. His name occurs in the prophecies of the time, Hag 1:1 2:2 Zec 3:1-10 6:11-15.

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
אֲזַנְיָ֔ה'a.zan.Yah Azaniah H245 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Azaniah means Jehovah hears and was the father of Jeshua, a Levite, mentioned in Nehemiah 10:9.
Tyndale gloss
Azaniah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ (Azanyah) means 'Jehovah hears' and refers to a man mentioned in the context of the Exile and Return, specifically as the father of Jeshua, a Levite. The name is derived from roots meaning 'heard' and 'Jah.' It appears in Nehemiah 10:10.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ n.pr.m. (Yahweh hath heard) father of Jeshua, a Levite Ne 10:10.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H245 אֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

245 'Azanyah az-an-yaw'

from 238 and 3050; heard by Jah; Azanjah, an

Israelite:--Azaniah.

see HEBREW for 0238

see HEBREW for 03050

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲזַנְיָ֫הוּ (a.zan.yah) — Azaniah.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.10.9;

father of: Jeshua (H3442J)

§ Azaniah = "Jehovah (Yahweh) hears"

the father of Jeshua, a Levite

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

az-a-ni'-a 'azanyah, ("Yahweh has given ear"): A son of Jeshua, a Levite who signed the covenant (Ne 10:9).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(whom the Lord hears), the father or immediate ancestor of Jeshua the Levite, in the time of Nehemiah. (Nehemiah 10:9)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

hearing the Lord; the Lord's weapons

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Father of Jeshua Ne 10:9

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
בִּנּ֕וּיbi.Nui Binnui H1131 Noun proper masculine
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Binnui was an Israelite who helped rebuild Jerusalem's wall under Nehemiah. His name means built up and he is also called Bani in some passages.
Tyndale gloss
Binnui
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בִּנּוּי (Binnui) means "built up" and refers to a man from the time of the Exile and Return. He is noted as an exile returnee with Zerubbabel and a Levite during Ezra's time, with several individuals sharing this name, some of whom took foreign wives. The name appears in various contexts, particularly in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בִּנּוּי n.pr.m.

head of family that returned with Zerubbabel

a Levite of Ezra’s time

Israelites of Ezra’s time

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1131 בִּנּוּי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1131 Binnuwy bin-noo'-ee

from 1129; built up; Binnui, an Israelite:--Binnui.

see HEBREW for 01129

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בִּנּוּי (bin.nuy) — Binnui.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.10; also called Binnui at Neh.7.15;

Another spelling of ba.ni (בָּנִי "Bani" H1137Q)

§ Binnui = "built up"

1) an exile returnee with Zerubbabel, son of Henadad, who assisted at the reparation of the wall of Jerusalem, under Nehemiah

2) a Levite in time of Ezra, father of Noadiah

3) another Levite in time of Ezra, who took a foreign wife

4) still another Levite in time of Ezra, who took a foreign wife

בִּנּוּי (bin.nuy) — Binnui.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Ezr.8.33;

father of: Noadiah (H5129)

§ Binnui = "built up"

1) an exile returnee with Zerubbabel, son of Henadad, who assisted at the reparation of the wall of Jerusalem, under Nehemiah

2) a Levite in time of Ezra, father of Noadiah

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

bin'-u-i (binnuy, a proper name, "a building up"):

(1) A Levite, living in the time of Ezra (Ezr 8:33; Ne 10:9; 12:8).

(2) One of the bene Pachath-mo'abh who had taken foreign wives (Ezr 10:30--Balnuus of 1 Esdras 9:31) and one of the bene Bani (Ezr 10:38) who had also intermarried.

(3) The son of Henadad, who built part of the wall of Jerusalem (Ne 3:24), and sealed the covenant with Nehemiah (Ne 10:9). In all probability he is identical with "Bavvai, the son of Henadad" mentioned in Ne 3:18. "Bavvai" is either a…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(familyship). A Levite, father of Noadiah. (Ezra 8:33) One who had taken a foreign wife. (Ezra 10:30) Another Israelite who had also taken a foreign wife. (Ezra 10:38) Altered from BANI in the corresponding list in Ezra. (Nehemiah 7:15) A Levite, son of Henadad, who assisted at the reparation of the wall of Jerusalem, under Nehemiah. (Nehemiah 3:24; 10:9)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

building

Nave's Topical Bible

1. A Jew of the captivity Ne 7:15

Called BANI Ezr 2:10

2. A Levite of the captivity Ne 12:8; 3:24; 10:9

3. Father of Noadiah Ezr 8:33

4. Son of Pahath-moab Ezr 10:30

5. Son of Bani Ezr 10:38

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
מִבְּנֵ֥יmi.be.Nei one of [the] sons of H1121 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
HR/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
חֵנָדָ֖דche.na.Dad Henadad H2582 Noun proper masculine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Henadad was an Israelite who helped rebuild the temple after the Exile, mentioned in Nehemiah 3. His name means 'favour of Hadad'.
Tyndale gloss
Henadad
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֵנָדָד (Chenadad) means 'favor of Hadad' and refers to a Levite chief mentioned during the Exile and Return period. He is noted in the context of the rebuilding of the temple, appearing in Ezra 3:9 and Nehemiah 3:18 and 3:24 as the head of a family of Levites.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֵנָדָד n.pr.m. (favour of Hadad)—Levite chief

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2582 חֵנָדָד

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2582 Chenadad khay-naw-dawd'

probably from 2580 and l908; favor of Hadad; Chenadad, an

Israelite:--Henadad.

see HEBREW for 02580

see HEBREW for 0l908

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֵנָדָד (che.na.dad) — Henadad.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.3.9

§ Henadad = "favour of Hadad"

head of a family of Levites who took part in the rebuilding of the temple

חֵנָדָד (che.na.dad) — Henadad.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.3.18;

father of: Bavvai (H0942)

§ Henadad = "favour of Hadad"

head of a family of Levites who took part in the rebuilding of the temple

חֵנָדָד (che.na.dad) — Henadad.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.3.24;

father of: Binnui (H1131K)

§ Henadad = "favour of Hadad"

head of a family of Levites who took part in the rebuilding of the temple

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hen'-a-dad (chenadhadh, "favor of Hadad"; Septuagint Henaad; Henadad; Henadab; Henalab (Ezr 3:9; Ne 3:18,24; 10:9)): One of the heads of the Levites in the post-exilic community.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Henadad

Favour of Hadad, the name of a Levite after the Captivity (Ezra 3:9).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(grace of Hadad), the head of a family of the Levites who took a prominent part in the rebuilding of the temple. (Ezra 3:9)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

grace of the beloved

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and the Levites and Jeshua [the] son of Azaniah Binnui one of [the] sons of Henadad Kadmiel
קַדְמִיאֵֽל׃kad.mi.'El Kadmiel H6934 Noun proper masculine
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Kadmiel was a Levite who helped rebuild the temple after the Exile and led the people in confession. His name means God is the ancient one, and he was a descendant of Hodaviah.
Tyndale gloss
Kadmiel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קַדְמִיאֵל (Qadmiy'el) is a proper name meaning 'God is the ancient one,' derived from the roots for 'presence of God' and 'ancient.' It refers to a Levite mentioned in Ezra 2:40, who was a leader among the returning exiles and oversaw temple work. The name appears in the context of three Israelites.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קַדְמִיאֵל n.pr.m. Levite name (Ēl is the ancient one)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6934 קַדְמִיאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6934 Qadmiy'el kad-mee-ale'

from 6924 and 410; presence of God; Kadmiel, the name of

three Israelites:--Kadmiel.

see HEBREW for 06924

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קַדְמִיאֵל (qad.mi.el) — Kadmiel.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.40;

father of: Jeshua (H3442N)

§ Kadmiel = "God is the ancient one"

a Levite, descendant of Hodaviah, and head of a family of returning exiles; also oversaw the work on the temple and also was one of the leaders of the people who led the people in the public confession

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kad'-mi-el (qadhmi'el, "before God," "priest"(?); "Cadmiel" in parallel lists in 1 Esdras 5:26,58 the King James Version; omitted in Septuagint Codex Vaticanus; Codex Alexandrinus reads kai Kadmielon): A Levite (Ezr 2:40; Ne 7:43), founder of a family whose descendants returned from captivity with Zerubbabel (Ezr 2:1; Ne 7:43; 12:1,8). He is named among those who praise God for the return (Ne 9:4,5; 12:24); was of those who "set forward" the work of the Lord's house (Ezr 3:9; 1 Esdras 5:26,58), and is again mentioned with those who "seal" the new Return Covenant (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Kadmiel

Before God; i.e., his servant, one of the Levites who returned with Zerubbabel from the Captivity (Neh. 9:4; 10:9; 12:8).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(before God), one of the Levites who with his family returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:40; Nehemiah 7:43) He and his house are mentioned in history on three occasions - (Ezra 3:9; Nehemiah 9:4,5; 10:9) (B.C. 535-410.)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

God of antiquity; God of rising

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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