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Numbers 6:3 — Word Study

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WLCמִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֥מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכָל־ מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃

BSAhe is to abstainnâzar [separate himself, dedicate] from wineyayin [fermented wine] and strong drinkshêkâr [intoxicating liquor] He must notlôʼ drinkshâthâh vinegarchômets [sour liquid] made from wineyayin [or] strong drinkshêkâr and he must notlôʼ drinkshâthâh anykôl grapeʻênâb juicemishrâh [juice of grapes, wine] or eatʼâkal freshlach [moist, new] grapesʻênâb or raisinsyâbêsh [dried grapes]

Word
Listen & take awayNumbers 6
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 3 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yo.Khel) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Numbers 6:3quick helps
In a sentenceThe Nazarite vow requires abstaining from wine and strong drink, including vinegar and fresh grapes.
Who is speakingGod, instructing Moses to tell the Israelites about the Nazarite vow.
Where we areThe guidelines for the Nazarite vow, which emphasizes separation and dedication to God.
The hard wordיַזִּ֔יר
Take awayThe vow signifies a commitment to holiness and separation from certain pleasures.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbנָזַר The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 19 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Numbers 6:3

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Nazarite Vowgenerated

2“Speak to the Israelites and tell them that if a man or woman makes a special vow, the vow of a Nazirite, to separate himself to the LORD,
3he is to abstain from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or strong drink, and he must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins.
4All the days of his separation, he is not to eat anything that comes from the grapevine, not even the seeds or skins.
5For the entire period of his vow of separation, no razor shall pass over his head. He must be holy until the time of his separation to the LORD is complete; he must let the hair of his head grow long.

Numbers 6:3 outlines the Nazarite vow, a commitment to separate oneself to the Lord. This vow includes specific prohibitions, particularly concerning wine and strong drink, which symbolize worldly pleasures. The instructions given here reflect a call to holiness and dedication, as seen in the broader context of the Nazarite's separation from everyday life, which continues through verse 5.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Leviticus 10:9“You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink when you enter the Tent of Meeting, or else you will die; this is a permanent statute for the generations to come.
2Judges 13:14She must not eat anything that comes from the vine, nor drink any wine or strong drink, nor eat anything unclean. She must do everything I have commanded her.”
3Proverbs 31:4–5It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine, or for rulers to crave strong drink,
4Jeremiah 35:6–8“We do not drink wine,” they replied, “for our forefather Jonadab son of Rechab commanded us, ‘Neither you nor your descendants are ever to drink wine.
5Amos 2:12“But you made the Nazirites drink wine and commanded the prophets not to prophesy.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.Leviticus 10:9 Judges 13:14 Proverbs 31:4–5 Jeremiah 35:6–8 Amos 2:12 Luke 1:15 Luke 7:33–34 Luke 21:34 Ephesians 5:18 1 Thessalonians 5:22 1 Timothy 5:23

The Key Word יַזִּ֔יר, ya.Zirgenerated

The verb נָזַר (nazar) means 'to dedicate' or 'to separate,' indicating a commitment to holiness. This word emphasizes the act of setting oneself apart for God, as seen in the context of the Nazarite vow, where individuals abstain from certain pleasures to focus on their spiritual devotion.

The parsing as a Hiphil imperfect indicates an ongoing action or state, suggesting that the individual is actively maintaining their separation. This reflects the continuous nature of the vow, which is not just a temporary abstention but a lifestyle choice.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has abstain, which is consistent with the KJV, ASV, and WEB, all emphasizing the act of separation.

Where others part company with the BSB they part company over the word לַחִ֥ים. The BSB and several versions render it as fresh, while the KJV and others choose moist, highlighting a difference in nuance regarding the state of the grapes.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יַזִּ֔יר governs the structure, indicating the action of keeping separate. The sentence includes multiple clauses detailing what is prohibited, creating a list of items that the Nazarite must avoid.

The word order emphasizes the prohibitions, with the main clause stating the action and subsequent phrases elaborating on the specific items, reinforcing the seriousness of the vow.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew יַיִן is rendered as οἴνου, which maintains the focus on fermented wine, similar to the Hebrew meaning. This choice aligns with the understanding of wine in both texts as something to be avoided.

The Greek term ἁγνισθήσεται reflects the idea of purification or dedication, emphasizing the spiritual aspect of the Nazarite vow.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Numbers 6:3 states that a person making a Nazarite vow must abstain from wine and strong drink. This includes not drinking vinegar made from wine, any grape juice, and eating fresh grapes or raisins. The vow signifies a commitment to holiness and separation from certain pleasures.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of the Nazarite vow?

The Nazarite vow signifies a commitment to holiness and separation from worldly pleasures, allowing individuals to focus on their spiritual devotion.

Why are wine and strong drink prohibited for Nazarites?

These prohibitions are meant to symbolize the separation from everyday indulgences and distractions, emphasizing the Nazarite's dedication to God.

What does it mean to keep separate?

To keep separate means to dedicate oneself to God by avoiding certain pleasures and focusing on spiritual growth and purity.

Are there other examples of vows in the Bible?

Yes, other examples include the vow of Samson's mother in Judges 13:5, which also involved abstaining from wine and strong drink.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some modern-day commitments I can make to dedicate myself to God?
  2. How can I create boundaries in my life that help me focus on my spiritual growth?
  3. What are some distractions I need to avoid to maintain my dedication to God?
  4. How can the example of the Nazarite vow inspire my own spiritual journey?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Numbers 6:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

He shall separate [himself] from wine,.... Old or new, as Ben Gersom; from drinking it, any of it: not only from an immoderate and excessive drinking of it, which every man should abstain from, but

Read John Gill on Numbers 6 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the LORD: When either man or woman

Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 6 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Lest they should either inflame or dispose him to luxury, and consequently to the breaking of his vow; or cloud his reason, and thereby occasion some mistake or miscarriage in the rules to which he had bound himself. Compare . Nor eat moist grapes, or dried; which was forbidden him for greater caution to keep him at the further distance from wine.

Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 6 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Numbers 6:3 He shall separate [himself] from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.Ver. 3. He shall separate himself from wine.] Lest he should drink and forget the law, which he was to study diligently: but loaden bellies make leaden wits: intemperance takes away the heart, overchargeth it. Moist grapes or dried.] Dried as raisins, currants, or grapes of Corinth, whence they come, and are called.

Read John Trapp on Numbers 6 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(3) He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink . . . —The law of the Nazirite in this respect, as in regard to defilement from the dead, was more strict than that which was enjoined upon the priests, thus typifying the entire surrender of the heart and life to God, and freedom from the distraction of earthly ties. The ideal of this separation, however, was not that of a life of monastic seclusion, but of action, and of uninterrupted devotion to the Divine service. The priests were forbidden to drink wine, or strong drink, when they entered the tabernacle to perform service there, but were not prohibited the use of wine at other times. Strong drink (shecar) is supposed to have been…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Numbers 6 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 3. No vinegar of wine, c.] חמץ chomets signifies fermented wine, and is probably used here to signify wine of a strong body, or any highly intoxicating liquor. Dr. Lightfoot supposes that the LEPER being the most defiled and loathsome of creatures, was an emblem of the wretched, miserable state of man by the fall and that the NAZARITE was the emblem of man in his state of innocence. Wine and grapes are here particularly forbidden to the Nazarite because, as the doctor thinks, being an emblem of man in his paradisaical state, he was forbidden that tree and its fruits by eating of which Adam fell; for the doctor, as well as the Jewish rabbins, believed the tree of knowledge to have been…

Read AdamClarke on Numbers 6 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

3, 4. First regulation. Abstinence from intoxicating liquors and from any produce of the vine, liquid or solid.

Read Cambridge on Numbers 6 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

3. Wine and strong drink — See Leviticus 10:8-11, notes. This law requiring abstinence from intoxicants is placed next to the law for a defiled or suspected woman, because by drunkenness unchastities frequently come.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 6 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

he is to abstain from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or strong drink, and he must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink. He shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of fermented drink, neither shall he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

he is to abstain from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or strong drink, and he must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins.

NETBNew English Translation2006

he must separate himself from wine and strong drink, he must drink neither vinegar made from wine nor vinegar made from strong drink, nor may he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or raisins.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink; he shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.

RVARevised Version, American1894

he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink; he shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

He shall abstaine from wine and strong drinke, and shall drinke no sowre wine nor sowre drinke, nor shall drinke any licour of grapes, neither shall eate fresh grapes nor dryed.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink: he shall drink no vinegar of wine, nor vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat grapes, fresh or dried.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

from wine and strong drink he doth keep separate; vinegar of wine, and vinegar of strong drink he doth not drink, and any juice of grapes he doth not drink, and grapes moist or dry he doth not eat;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

he keeps separate from wine and strong drink; he does not drink vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink, and he does not drink any juice of grapes, and he does not eat moist or dry grapes;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Then shall he abstain from wine and strong drink, vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink shall he not drink, and any infusion of grapes shall he not drink, and grapes, fresh or dried, shall he not eat.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

he must keep himself from wine and strong drink. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or from strong drink. He must not drink any grape juice or eat fresh grapes or raisins.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

They shall abstain from wine, and from every thing that may make a man drunk. They shall not drink vinegar of wine, or of any other drink, nor any thing that is pressed out of the grape: nor shall they eat grapes either fresh or dried.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

they must not drink any wine or other alcoholic drink. They must not even drink vinegar made from wine or other alcoholic drink, or any grape juice or eat grapes or raisins.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

He is to keep himself from wine and strong drink, and take no mixed wine or strong drink or any drink made from grapes, or any grapes, green or dry.

Word by word, the decisions they made

לַחִ֥יםla.Chim fresh H3892 2 different renderings
freshASV BSB DBY DRA GNV ILT MSB NETB RVA ULB WEB
moistKJV LSV NWB YLT

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfromnoun phraseיַּ֤יִןwineוְandשֵׁכָר֙strong.drinkverbיַזִּ֔ירhe.will.keep.separateclausenoun phrase · objectnoun phraseחֹ֥מֶץvinegarיַ֛יִןof.wineוְandnoun phraseחֹ֥מֶץvinegarשֵׁכָ֖רof.strong.drinkadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbיִשְׁתֶּ֑הhe.will.drinkוְandclausenoun phrase · objectכָלanynoun phraseמִשְׁרַ֤תjuiceעֲנָבִים֙of.grapesadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbיִשְׁתֶּ֔הhe.will.drinkוַandclausenoun phrase · objectעֲנָבִ֛יםgrapesadjective phraseלַחִ֥יםfreshוִandיבֵשִׁ֖יםdryadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbיֹאכֵֽלhe.will.eat

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording, with 17 of the 19 words matched. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs in two words: it uses משׁארת (kneading-trough) and יבישׁים (dry) instead of the corresponding terms in the MT.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר חֹ֥מֶץ יַ֛יִן וְחֹ֥מֶץ שֵׁכָ֖ר לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֑ה וְכָל־ מִשְׁרַ֤ת עֲנָבִים֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וַעֲנָבִ֛ים לַחִ֥ים וִיבֵשִׁ֖ים לֹ֥א יֹאכֵֽל׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מִיַּ֤יִןοἴνουוְשֵׁכָר֙σικεραיַזִּ֔ירἁγνισθήσεταιיַ֛יִןοἴνουוְחֹ֥מֶץὄχοςלֹ֣אοὐיִשְׁתֶּ֑הπίεταιוְכָל־ὅσαמִשְׁרַ֤תκατεργάζεταιעֲנָבִים֙σταφυλῆςלֹ֣אοὐיִשְׁתֶּ֔הπίεταιוַעֲנָבִ֛יםσταφυλὴνלַחִ֥יםπρόσφατονוִיבֵשִׁ֖יםσταφίδαלֹ֥אοὐיֹאכֵֽל׃φάγεται

17 of the 19 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

מיין ושׁכר יזיר חמץ יין וחמץ שׁכר לא ישׁתה וכל משׁארת ענבים לא ישׁתה וענבים לחים ויבישׁים לא יאכל

2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: משׁארת (kneading-trough), יבישׁים (dry)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Numbers 6:3יַ֫יִןfrom winefrom wineיַ֫יִןשֵׁכָרand strong and strong drinשֵׁכָרנָזַרhe will keehe will keep seנָזַרחֹ֫מֶץvinegar ofvinegar ofחֹ֫מֶץיַ֫יִןwinewineיַ֫יִןחֹ֫מֶץand vinegarand vinegar ofחֹ֫מֶץשֵׁכָרstrong drinstrong drinkשֵׁכָרלֹאnotnotלֹאשָׁתָהhe will drihe will drinkשָׁתָהכֹּלand anyand anyכֹּלמִשְׁרָהjuice ofjuice ofמִשְׁרָהעֵנָבgrapesgrapesעֵנָבלֹאnotnotלֹאשָׁתָהhe will drihe will drinkשָׁתָהעֵנָבand grapesand grapesעֵנָבלַחfreshfreshלַחיָבֵשׁand driedand driedיָבֵשׁלֹאnotnotלֹאאָכַלhe will eathe will eatאָכַלשָׁכַרbe drunkbe drunkשָׁכַרחָמֵץto leavento leavenחָמֵץשָׁקָהto water: to water: waterשָׁקָהכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלשָׁרָהשָׁרָהיָבֵשׁto witherto witherיָבֵשׁשֵׁכָרstrong dristrong drinkשֵׁכָרשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהחֹ֫מֶץvinegarvinegarחֹ֫מֶץיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדשָׁגָהto wanderto wanderשָׁגָהנָזַרto dedicatto dedicateנָזַריַ֫יִןwinewineיַ֫יִןאֶשְׁכּוֹלclusterclusterאֶשְׁכּוֹלבַּ֫עַלBaal of PeBaal of Peorבַּ֫עַלעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Numbers 6:3

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
מִיַּ֤יִןmi.Ya.yin from wine H3196 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
141× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for wine, 'yayin', refers to fermented wine and its effects, including intoxication. It is often mentioned in the Bible in the context of banquets and feasts, such as in the book of Esther.
Amplified meaning
fermented wine
Tyndale gloss
wine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַ֫יִן (yayin) means 'wine' and is associated with fermentation and intoxication. It appears in various contexts, including banqueting. The word is derived from an unused root that suggests the idea of effervescence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַ֫יִן 141 n.m. wine

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3196 יַ֫יִן wine

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3196 yayin yah'-yin

from an unused root meaning to effervesce; wine (as

fermented); by implication, intoxication:--banqueting, wine,

wine(-bibber).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַ֫יִן (ya.yin) — wine.

wine

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wine

The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.

(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.

(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;

The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,

→ Made from grapes Ge 40:11; 49:11; Isa 25:6; Jer 40:1,12

→ From pomegranates So 8:2

→ Kept in jars Jer 13:12; 48:12

→ In skins (R. V.) Jos 9:4,13; Job 32:19; Mt 9:17; Lu 5:37,38

→ In bottles Jos 9:4,13; Job 32:19; Jer 13:12; 48:12;

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
וְשֵׁכָר֙ve.she.Khar and strong drink H7941 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
23× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shekar refers to strong drink or intoxicating liquor in the Bible. It is an intensely alcoholic beverage that can cause drunkenness, as seen in Proverbs 31:6.
Amplified meaning
intoxicating liquor
Tyndale gloss
strong drink
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁכָר (shekar) refers to an intoxicating or strong drink, often associated with alcoholic beverages. It is derived from a root meaning to be drunk and encompasses intensely alcoholic liquor. The term appears in contexts discussing strong drink and drunkenness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁכָר n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7941 שֵׁכָר intoxicating dring, strong drink

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7941 shekar shay-kawr'

from 7937; an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic

liquor:--strong drink, + drunkard, strong wine.

see HEBREW for 07937

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁכָר (she.khar) — strong drink.

strong drink, intoxicating drink, fermented or intoxicating liquor

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See FOOD; DRINK, STRONG.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Drink

The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, “strong drink,” and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or “basin,” the “cruse” or pitcher, and the saucer.

To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter.

The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. “Strain at” should be “strain out.”)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ INTOXICATING

See ABSTINENCE, TOTAL

→ See DRUNKARD

→ See DRUNKENNESS

→ See WINE

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
יַזִּ֔ירya.Zir he will keep separate H5144 Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singular
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be a Nazarite, or to set oneself apart for God, this word describes a special vow of devotion. In Numbers 6:1-21, it is used to describe the rules for Nazarites, who would abstain from wine and other luxuries. The word is also used in Judges 13:5 to describe the vow of Samson's mother.
Amplified meaning
separate himself, dedicate
Tyndale gloss
to dedicate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָזַר (nazar) means to dedicate, consecrate, or separate, particularly in a religious context. It can refer to dedicating oneself or living as a Nazarite, a term used in the Old Testament, specifically in Numbers 6. The entries indicate that the word has roots in abstaining from impurities and devoting oneself to sacred purposes.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָזַר] vb. dedicate, consecrate, separate, in relig. and ceremonial sense

Niph. devote, dedicate oneself unto

Hiph. and ye shale keep the sons of Isr. sacredly separate from their uncleanness

base

[נָזַר] vb. denom. Hiph. be a Nazarite, live as a Nazarite;—only Nu 6 in law of Naz.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5144a נָזַר , dedicate, consecrate, separate, in relig. and ceremonial sense H5144b נָזַר vb. denom. Hiph. be a Nazarite, live as a Nazarite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5144 nazar naw-zar'

a primitive root; to hold aloof, i.e. (intransitivey) abstain

(from food and drink, from impurity, and even from divine

worship (i.e. apostatize)); specifically, to set apart (to

sacred purposes), i.e. devote:--consecrate, separate(-ing,

self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָזַר (na.zar) — to dedicate.

1) to dedicate, consecrate, separate

1a) (Niphal) to dedicate oneself, devote oneself

1b) (Hiphil) to keep sacredly separate

נָזַר (na.zar) — be a Nazarite.

(Hiphil) to be a Nazarite, live as a Nazarite

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVhi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sep'-a-rat: The translation of a number of Hebrew and Greek words, badhal (Le 20:24, etc.), and aphorizo (Mt 25:32, etc.), being the most common. "To separate" and "to consecrate" were originally not distinguished (e.g. Nu 6:2 margin), and probably the majority of the uses of "separate" in English Versions of the Bible connote "to set apart for God." But precisely the same term that is used in this sense may also denote the exact opposite (e.g. the use of nazar in Eze 14:7 and Zec 7:3).

See HOLINESS; NAZIRITE; SAINTS.

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
חֹ֥מֶץCho.metz vinegar of H2558 Noun common · masculine singular construct
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Vinegar is a sour liquid, mentioned in the Bible as something Jesus was offered on the cross. It appears in the Old Testament as a drink for the poor. The Hebrew word for vinegar is chômets.
Amplified meaning
sour liquid
Tyndale gloss
vinegar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹ֫מֶץ (chomets) means vinegar. It is derived from the root word for sourness, indicating its sharp taste. The entries consistently define it as vinegar without significant variation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֹ֫מֶץ n.m. vinegar

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2558 חֹ֫מֶץ vinegar

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2558 chomets kho'-mets

from 2556; vinegar:--vinegar.

see HEBREW for 02556

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹ֫מֶץ (cho.mets) — vinegar.

vinegar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
יַ֛יִןYa.yin wine H3196 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
141× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for wine, 'yayin', refers to fermented wine and its effects, including intoxication. It is often mentioned in the Bible in the context of banquets and feasts, such as in the book of Esther.
Tyndale gloss
wine
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַ֫יִן (yayin) means 'wine' and is associated with fermentation and intoxication. It appears in various contexts, including banqueting. The word is derived from an unused root that suggests the idea of effervescence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַ֫יִן 141 n.m. wine

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3196 יַ֫יִן wine

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3196 yayin yah'-yin

from an unused root meaning to effervesce; wine (as

fermented); by implication, intoxication:--banqueting, wine,

wine(-bibber).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַ֫יִן (ya.yin) — wine.

wine

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wine

The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.

(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.

(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;

The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,

→ Made from grapes Ge 40:11; 49:11; Isa 25:6; Jer 40:1,12

→ From pomegranates So 8:2

→ Kept in jars Jer 13:12; 48:12

→ In skins (R. V.) Jos 9:4,13; Job 32:19; Mt 9:17; Lu 5:37,38

→ In bottles Jos 9:4,13; Job 32:19; Jer 13:12; 48:12;

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
וְחֹ֥מֶץve.Cho.metz and vinegar of H2558 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Vinegar is a sour liquid, mentioned in the Bible as something Jesus was offered on the cross. It appears in the Old Testament as a drink for the poor. The Hebrew word for vinegar is chômets.
Tyndale gloss
vinegar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹ֫מֶץ (chomets) means vinegar. It is derived from the root word for sourness, indicating its sharp taste. The entries consistently define it as vinegar without significant variation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֹ֫מֶץ n.m. vinegar

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2558 חֹ֫מֶץ vinegar

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2558 chomets kho'-mets

from 2556; vinegar:--vinegar.

see HEBREW for 02556

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹ֫מֶץ (cho.mets) — vinegar.

vinegar

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
שֵׁכָ֖רshe.Khar strong drink H7941 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
23× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shekar refers to strong drink or intoxicating liquor in the Bible. It is an intensely alcoholic beverage that can cause drunkenness, as seen in Proverbs 31:6.
Tyndale gloss
strong drink
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁכָר (shekar) refers to an intoxicating or strong drink, often associated with alcoholic beverages. It is derived from a root meaning to be drunk and encompasses intensely alcoholic liquor. The term appears in contexts discussing strong drink and drunkenness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁכָר n.[m.] intoxicating drink, strong drink

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7941 שֵׁכָר intoxicating dring, strong drink

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7941 shekar shay-kawr'

from 7937; an intoxicant, i.e. intensely alcoholic

liquor:--strong drink, + drunkard, strong wine.

see HEBREW for 07937

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁכָר (she.khar) — strong drink.

strong drink, intoxicating drink, fermented or intoxicating liquor

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See WINE.

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
יִשְׁתֶּ֑הyish.Teh he will drink H8354 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to drink, and it's used in many ways, like drinking from a cup or feasting. It's also used to describe being drunk or taking part in a big celebration. We see it in stories like the Last Supper in Matthew 26:27.
Tyndale gloss
to drink
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁתָה (shathah) means 'to drink' and can refer to both literal drinking and figurative uses, such as feasting or experiencing God's wrath. It is a primitive root that appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating actions like drinking and being drunk. The lexicons note its connection to the Aramaic equivalent שְׁתָה (she.tah), but do not present significant disagreements.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁתָה 217 vb. drink

Qal 216

Niph. all which is (may be) drunk

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8354 שָׁתָה drink

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8354 shathah shaw-thaw'

a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--X

assuredly, banquet, X certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk

(X -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of 8248.)

see HEBREW for 08248

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁתָה (sha.tah) — to drink.

1) to drink

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to drink

1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig)

1a2) to feast

1b) (Niphal) to be drunk

Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See FOOD; DRINK, STRONG.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Drink

The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, “strong drink,” and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or “basin,” the “cruse” or pitcher, and the saucer.

To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter.

The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. “Strain at” should be “strain out.”)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ INTOXICATING

See ABSTINENCE, TOTAL

→ See DRUNKARD

→ See DRUNKENNESS

→ See WINE

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
וְכָל־ve.khol and any H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
מִשְׁרַ֤תmish.Rat juice of H4952 Noun common · feminine singular construct
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to juice, especially the kind that comes from steeping or macerating something. It is translated as liquor in the KJV. In ancient times, it described the liquid extracted from plants or fruits.
Amplified meaning
juice of grapes, wine
Tyndale gloss
juice
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִשְׁרָה (mishrah) refers to juice, specifically the juice of grapes, as noted in Numbers 6:3. It is derived from the root meaning to loosen, indicating a process of maceration or steeping. The entries consistently define it as a liquid, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מִשְׁרָה] n.f. juice;—Nu 6:3 (P) the juice of grapes

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4952 מִשְׁרָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4952 mishrah mish-raw'

from 8281 in the sense of loosening; maceration, i.e. steeped

juice:--liquor.

see HEBREW for 08281

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִשְׁרָה (mish.rah) — juice.

juice

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
עֲנָבִים֙'a.na.Vim grapes H6025 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Enab refers to a grape or grapes in the Bible, and is also related to wine. It is a common term in the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
grape
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵנָב (enab) means 'grape' or 'grapes,' referring to the fruit. It is derived from a root that likely means to bear fruit. The entries consistently focus on the fruit itself, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵנָב n.m. grape(s)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6025 עֵנָב grape(s)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6025 `enab ay-nawb'

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit; a

grape:--(ripe) grape, wine.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵנָב (e.nav) — grape.

grape(s)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

graps.

See VINE.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The fruit of the vine. The grapes of Palestine were very fine, of great size and high flavor, Nu 13:24. At present, and probably the same has always been true, the wine that is made requires but a small part of the annual yield of the vines. Dr. Robinson says, "No wine is made from the very extensive vineyards of Hebron, except a little by the Jews." While yet green, grapes are used for food in various ways; and are dried in the sun, or their juice preserved in bottles, to secure a pleasant vegetable tart all the year round, Nu 6:4. Ripe grapes may be had in Syria four or five months, Le 26:5; and when the season closes many are hung up in clusters, suitably protected, and remain without drying up all through the winter. Grapes…

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
יִשְׁתֶּ֔הyish.Teh he will drink H8354 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to drink, and it's used in many ways, like drinking from a cup or feasting. It's also used to describe being drunk or taking part in a big celebration. We see it in stories like the Last Supper in Matthew 26:27.
Tyndale gloss
to drink
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁתָה (shathah) means 'to drink' and can refer to both literal drinking and figurative uses, such as feasting or experiencing God's wrath. It is a primitive root that appears in various forms, including Qal and Niphal, indicating actions like drinking and being drunk. The lexicons note its connection to the Aramaic equivalent שְׁתָה (she.tah), but do not present significant disagreements.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁתָה 217 vb. drink

Qal 216

Niph. all which is (may be) drunk

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8354 שָׁתָה drink

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8354 shathah shaw-thaw'

a primitive root; to imbibe (literally or figuratively):--X

assuredly, banquet, X certainly, drink(-er, -ing), drunk

(X -ard), surely. (Prop. intensive of 8248.)

see HEBREW for 08248

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁתָה (sha.tah) — to drink.

1) to drink

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to drink

1a1a) of drinking cup of God's wrath, of slaughter, of wicked deeds (fig)

1a2) to feast

1b) (Niphal) to be drunk

Aramaic equivalent: she.tah (שְׁתָה "to drink" H8355)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See FOOD; DRINK, STRONG.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Drink

The drinks of the Hebrews were water, wine, “strong drink,” and vinegar. Their drinking vessels were the cup, goblet or “basin,” the “cruse” or pitcher, and the saucer.

To drink water by measure (Ezek. 4:11), and to buy water to drink (Lam. 5:4), denote great scarcity. To drink blood means to be satiated with slaughter.

The Jews carefully strained their drinks through a sieve, through fear of violating the law of Lev. 11:20, 23, 41, 42. (See Matt. 23:24. “Strain at” should be “strain out.”)

Nave's Topical Bible

→ INTOXICATING

See ABSTINENCE, TOTAL

→ See DRUNKARD

→ See DRUNKENNESS

→ See WINE

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
וַעֲנָבִ֛יםva.'a.na.Vim and grapes H6025 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Enab refers to a grape or grapes in the Bible, and is also related to wine. It is a common term in the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
grape
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵנָב (enab) means 'grape' or 'grapes,' referring to the fruit. It is derived from a root that likely means to bear fruit. The entries consistently focus on the fruit itself, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵנָב n.m. grape(s)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6025 עֵנָב grape(s)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6025 `enab ay-nawb'

from an unused root probably meaning to bear fruit; a

grape:--(ripe) grape, wine.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵנָב (e.nav) — grape.

grape(s)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
HC/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

graps.

See VINE.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The fruit of the vine. The grapes of Palestine were very fine, of great size and high flavor, Nu 13:24. At present, and probably the same has always been true, the wine that is made requires but a small part of the annual yield of the vines. Dr. Robinson says, "No wine is made from the very extensive vineyards of Hebron, except a little by the Jews." While yet green, grapes are used for food in various ways; and are dried in the sun, or their juice preserved in bottles, to secure a pleasant vegetable tart all the year round, Nu 6:4. Ripe grapes may be had in Syria four or five months, Le 26:5; and when the season closes many are hung up in clusters, suitably protected, and remain without drying up all through the winter. Grapes…

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
לַחִ֥יםla.Chim fresh H3892 Adj
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means fresh or moist, often describing plants or objects that are new or unused. It appears in Exodus and other books to describe the natural world. It signifies something that is not dried up or worn out.
Amplified meaning
moist, new
Tyndale gloss
fresh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לַח (lach) means moist, fresh, or new. It is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of being unused or undried, often describing plants or materials like cords and sinews. The entries consistently highlight its association with freshness and moisture.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לַח adj. moist, fresh, new

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3892 לַח moist, fresh, new

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3892 lach lakh

from an unused root meaning to be new; fresh, i.e. unused or

undried:--green, moist.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לַח (lach) — fresh.

1) moist, fresh, new

1a) moist, fresh (of plants)

1b) new (of cords, sinews)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

Adj.:

The translation of hadhash, "new," "fresh" (Job 29:20, "My glory is fresh in me"); of leshadh, "sap," "moisture" (Nu 11:8, of the manna, "as the taste of fresh oil," the Revised Version, margin "cakes baked with oil"); of ra`anan, "to be fresh and green" (Ps 92:10, "fresh oil"); of glukus, "sweet" (Jas 3:12, "salt water and fresh," the Revised Version (British and American) "sweet"). Fresher is the translation of rutaphash, "to become fresh" (Job 33:25; "His flesh shall be fresher than a child's").

from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
וִיבֵשִׁ֖יםvi.ve.Shim and dried H3002 Conjunction
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means dry, describing something that is no longer wet or moist, like dry ground. It is used in the Bible to describe a place or thing that is free from water. This word appears in various books, including Exodus and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
dried grapes
Tyndale gloss
dry
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָבֵשׁ (yabesh) means 'dry' or 'dried.' It is derived from the root word for 'dry' (H3001) and can function as both an adjective and a verb. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to dryness without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָבֵשׁ adj.verb. or pt. dry, dried

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3002 יָבֵשׁ dry, dried

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3002 yabesh yaw-bashe'

from 3001; dry:--dried (away), dry.

see HEBREW for 03001

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָבֵשׁ (ya.vesh) — dry.

1) dry

2) dried

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Adj — Conjunction
HC/Aampa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
לֹ֥אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTn — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
from wine and strong drink he will keep separate vinegar of wine and vinegar of strong drink not he will drink and any juice of grapes not he will drink and grapes fresh and dried not he will eat
יֹאכֵֽל׃yo.Khel he will eat H398 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
810× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Tyndale gloss
to eat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָכַל 806 vb. eat

Qal

eat, human subject

of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

fig. of fire, devour, consume

of sword, devour, slay

in genl., devour, consume, destroy

fig. of oppression, devour the poor

Niph.

be eaten by man

be devoured by fire, consumed

be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

Pu. be consumed

Hiph.

cause to eat, feed with

cause to devoure, obj. sword

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject

. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

. fig. of fire, devour, consume

. of sword, devour, slay

. in genl., devour, consume, destroy

. fig. of oppression, devour the poor

. . be eaten by man

. be devoured by fire, consumed

. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

. be consumed

. . cause to eat, feed with

. cause to devoure, obj. sword

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

398 'akal aw-kal'

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at

all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),

feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)

meat, X quite.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.

1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to eat (human subject)

1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)

1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)

1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)

1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)

1a6) to devour (of oppression)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be eaten (by men)

1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)

1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to cause to eat, feed with

1c2) to cause to devour

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to feed

1d2) to cause to eat

1e) (Piel)

1e1) consume

Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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