Proverbs 24:31 — Word Study
WLCוְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ׀ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃
BSAThornsqimmâshôwn△ [prickly plants, like thistles or nettles] had grown upʻâlâh■ everywherekôl [all over, completely] thistleschârûwl [weeds, unwanted plants] had coveredkâçâh■ [filled, hidden from view] the groundpânîym [the face of the earth] and the stoneʼeben [rock, precious] wallgeder [fence, barrier] was broken downhâraç■ [overthrown, destroyed, fallen]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהִנֵּ֨ה | and there! | Conjunction, particle |
| עָ֘לָ֤ה | it had grown up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| כֻלּ֨וֹ׀ | all of it | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים | thorns | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כָּסּ֣וּ | they were covered | Verb, Pual, perfect third person common plural |
| פָנָ֣יו | surface its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| חֲרֻלִּ֑ים | nettles | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְגֶ֖דֶר | and [the] wall of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אֲבָנָ֣יו | stones its | Noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃ | it was broken down | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Thorns had grown up everywhere, thistles had covered the ground, and the stone wall was broken down. |
| KJV | And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. |
| ASV | And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, The face thereof was covered with nettles, And the stone wall thereof was broken down. |
| YLT | And lo, it hath gone up — all of it — thorns! Covered its face have nettles, And its stone wall hath been broken down. |
| WEB | Behold, it was all grown over with thorns. Its surface was covered with nettles, and its stone wall was broken down. |
| BBE | And it was all full of thorns, and covered with waste plants, and its stone wall was broken down. |
Where they part company is קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of multiple main clauses, each describing the state of neglect and its consequences.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָלָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 24:31
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Consequences of Lazinessgenerated
Proverbs 24:31 depicts the state of a field belonging to a slacker. The observations made in this verse serve as a warning about the consequences of neglect and laziness. The imagery of thorns and a broken wall illustrates the deterioration that occurs when one fails to tend to their responsibilities, paralleling the lessons found in other wisdom literature.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 3:17–19 | And to Adam He said: “Because you have listened to the voice of your wife and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you not to eat, cursed is the ground because of you; through toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. |
| 2 | Job 31:40 | then let briers grow instead of wheat and stinkweed instead of barley.” Thus conclude the words of Job. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 4:3 | For this is what the LORD says to the men of Judah and Jerusalem: “Break up your unplowed ground, and do not sow among the thorns. |
| 4 | Matthew 13:7–22 | Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up and choked the seedlings. |
| 5 | Hebrews 6:8 | But land that produces thorns and thistles is worthless, and its curse is imminent. In the end it will be burned. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נֶהֱרָֽסָה, ne.he.Ra.sahgenerated
The verb נֶהֱרָסָה (nehērāsa) is a Niphal perfect form, meaning 'it was broken down' or 'overthrown.' It conveys the sense of destruction or collapse, particularly in the context of a wall or barrier. This word emphasizes the result of neglect, indicating that the wall has not just fallen but has been subjected to a process of ruin.
The Niphal aspect suggests a passive or reflexive action, implying that the wall was not merely broken by an external force but has fallen as a consequence of neglect. This aligns with the overarching theme of the passage, which warns against the dangers of laziness and the inevitable decay that follows.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'the stone wall was broken down,' which is consistent across several translations, including the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse consists of multiple clauses, with the main verb נֶהֱרָֽסָה (it was broken down) serving as the focal point. The other clauses describe the conditions leading to this state: thorns had grown up, and thistles had covered the ground.
The use of the conjunctions and the arrangement of the clauses create a flowing description of the scene, emphasizing the cumulative effects of neglect.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נֶהֱרָֽסָה as κατασκάπτονται, which conveys a sense of being thrown down or destroyed. This choice reflects a similar understanding of the Hebrew term, emphasizing the destructive outcome of neglect.
The Greek term used in the LXX suggests a thoroughness in the destruction, aligning with the imagery of a field overtaken by thorns and a wall that has fallen.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 24:31 describes a field that has been neglected, where thorns have grown everywhere and the stone wall has fallen down. This verse serves as a warning about the consequences of laziness and the importance of taking care of one's responsibilities.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It symbolizes the consequences of neglect and laziness, indicating that without care, things can fall into disrepair.
It emphasizes the importance of diligence and the dangers of sloth, a recurring theme in the book.
We learn that neglecting our responsibilities can lead to destruction and chaos in our lives.
It serves as a reminder to be diligent in our tasks and responsibilities to avoid negative consequences.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What areas of my life might I be neglecting that could lead to negative consequences?
- How can I cultivate diligence in my daily responsibilities?
- In what ways can I learn from the imagery of the neglected field in this verse?
- How does this verse challenge my understanding of work and rest?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 24:31 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd, lo, it was all grown over with thorns,.... Or "thistles" (y); which grow up of themselves, are the fruit of the curse, and the effect of slothfulness; [and] nettles had covered the face thereof;
Read John Gill on Proverbs 24 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down. Lo, it was all grown over (literally, it ascended) with thorns.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 24 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 24:31 And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, [and] nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.Ver. 31. And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns.] So is the spiritual sluggard’ s soul with lusts and sins, under the which lurketh that old serpent.
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 24 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges31. nettles] “Or, wild vetches,” R.V. marg. here and Job 30:7; Zephaniah 2:9, where the same Heb. word occurs.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 24 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible30-34. This is a most instructive parable, and needs little explication, though much might be said in amplification. A few notes must suffice. I went by — Not casually and carelessly, but as a diligent observer.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 24 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Thorns had grown up everywhere, thistles had covered the ground, and the stone wall was broken down.
Behold, it was all grown over with thorns. Its surface was covered with nettles, and its stone wall was broken down.
Thorns had grown up everywhere, thistles had covered the ground, and the stone wall was broken down.
I saw that thorns had grown up all over it, the ground was covered with weeds, and its stone wall was broken down.
Tyndale line
And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.
And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, The face thereof was covered with nettles, And the stone wall thereof was broken down.
And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, the face thereof was covered with nettles, and the stone wall thereof was broken down.
And lo, it was all grown over with thorns, and nettles had covered the face of it, and its stone wall was broken down.
And lo, it was al growen ouer with thornes, and nettles had couered the face thereof, and the stone wall thereof was broken downe.
Strictly literal
and lo, it was all grown over with thistles, and nettles had covered the face thereof, and its stone wall was broken down.
And lo, it hath gone up — all of it — thorns! Covered its face have nettles, And its stone wall hath been broken down.
And behold, it has gone up—all of it—thorns! Nettles have covered its face, || And its stone wall has been broken down.
And, lo, it was all grown over with thorns, nettles had covered its surface, and its stone-wall was broken down.
Thorns had grown up everywhere, the ground was covered with nettles, and its stone wall was broken down.
From the Latin
And behold it was all filled with nettles, and thorns had covered the face thereof, and the stone wall was broken down.
Simplified
It was all overgrown with thorns, the ground was covered with weeds, and the stone wall had fallen down.
And it was all full of thorns, and covered with waste plants, and its stone wall was broken down.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, while the Septuagint matches only 5 of the 10 words, indicating some variation in wording but not in the overall message of neglect leading to ruin.
וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָ֘לָ֤ה כֻלּ֨וֹ׀ קִמְּשֹׂנִ֗ים כָּסּ֣וּ פָנָ֣יו חֲרֻלִּ֑ים וְגֶ֖דֶר אֲבָנָ֣יו נֶהֱרָֽסָה׃
5 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 24:31
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
HC/Tj — Conjunction · particleHC/Tj
The Hebrew word עָלָה (alah) means 'to ascend' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including going up, climbing, and rising in various contexts such as personal, natural, and spiritual. It can refer to actions involving people, animals, vegetation, and even thoughts, and includes nuances of being exalted or offering sacrifices. The word is built from a primitive root and appears in various grammatical forms, indicating different aspects of ascent or elevation.
עָלָה 890 vb. go up, ascend, climb
Qal
of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
go up, in personal relations
of animals, go or come up
of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
of natural phenom., go up, rise
of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
of thoughts
come up before God, arrogance
go up, extend, of boundary
excel
Niph.
be brought up
be taken up
pass., be taken up, away
reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
reflex.: take oneself away
be exalted, of God
Hiph.
bring up persons
in personal relations
bring up animals
cause to ascend
mentally
offer a present; bring up tithe to
exalt
cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
Hoph.
be carried away
be taken up into, inserted in
be offered
Hithp. lift oneself
base
H5927 עָלָה go up, ascend, climb .. of persons, go up, ascend, in local relations
. go up, in personal relations
. of animals, go or come up
. of vegetation, spring up, grow, shoot forth
. of natural phenom., go up, rise
. of inanimate things, instead of passive construction
. of thoughts
. come up before God, arrogance
. go up, extend, of boundary
. excel
. . . be brought up
. be taken up
. . pass., be taken up, away
. reflex., take oneself away from, get up from
. reflex.: take oneself away
. be exalted, of God
. . bring up persons
. in personal relations
. bring up animals
. cause to ascend
. mentally
. offer a present; bring up tithe to
. exalt
. cause to ascend (in flame), offer sacrifice
. . be carried away
. be taken up into, inserted in
. be offered
. lift oneself
5927 `alah aw-law'
a primitive root; to ascend, intransitively (be high) or
actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary
and secondary, literal and figurative (as follow):--arise
(up), (cause to) ascend up, at once, break (the day) (up),
bring (up), (cause to) burn, carry up, cast up, + shew, climb
(up), (cause to, make to) come (up), cut off, dawn, depart,
exalt, excel, fall, fetch up, get up, (make to) go (away, up);
grow (over) increase, lay, leap, levy, lift (self) up, light,
(make) up, X mention, mount up, offer, make to pay, + perfect,
prefer, put (on), raise, recover, restore, (make to) rise
(up), scale, set (up), shoot forth (up), (begin to) spring
(up), stir up, take away (up), work.
עָלָה (a.lah) — to ascend: rise.
: rise/go
1) to go up, ascend, climb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go up, ascend
1a2) to meet, visit, follow, depart, withdraw, retreat
1a3) to go up, come up (of animals)
1a4) to spring up, grow, shoot forth (of vegetation)
1a5) to go up, go up over, rise (of natural phenomenon)
1a6) to come up (before God)
1a7) to go up, go up over, extend (of boundary)
1a8) to excel, be superior to
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be taken up, be brought up, be taken away
1b2) to take oneself away
1b3) to be exalted
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to bring up, cause to ascend or climb, cause to go up
1c2) to bring up, bring against, take away
1c3) to bring up, draw up, train
1c4) to cause to ascend
1c5) to rouse, stir up (mentally)
1c6) to offer, bring up (of gifts)
1c7) to exalt
1c8) to cause to ascend, offer
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be carried away, be led up
1d2) to be taken up into, be inserted in
1d3) to be offered
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
קִמּוֹשׂ (qimmashown) refers to a prickly plant, specifically thistles or nettles. It is derived from a related word, קִמּוֹשׂ (qimmosh), which also means 'nettle.' The entries suggest that this term encompasses thorny or useless plants.
קִמּוֹשׂ n.m. coll. thistles or nettles
base
H7063 קִמּוֹשׂ, קִמָּשׁוֹן, קִמּוֹשׁ, קִימוֹשׁ
7063 qimmashown kim-maw-shone'
from the same as 7057; a prickly plant:--thorn.
see HEBREW for 07057
קִמָּשׂוֹן (qim.ma.shon) — thorn.
thistles or nettles, a thorny or useless plant
Another spelling of qim.mosh (קִמּוֹשׂ "nettle" H7057)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
and Thistles. There appear to be eighteen or twenty Hebrew words which point to different kinds of prickly or thorny shrubs. These words are variously rendered in the Authorized Version By "thorns," "briers," "thistles," etc. Palestine abounded in a great variety of such plants. ("Travellers call the holy land ’a land of thorns.’ Giant thistles, growing to the height of a man on horseback, frequently spread over regions once rich and fruitful, as they do on the pampas of South America; and many of the most interesting historic spats and ruins are rendered almost inaccessible by thickets of fiercely-armed buckthorns. Entire fields are covered with the troublesome creeping stems of the spinous ononis , while the bare hillsides are studded with the dangerous capsules of the puliuris and tribulus . Roses of the most prickly kinds abound on the lower slopes of Hermon; while the sub-tropical…
See THISTLES.
The Hebrew word כָּסָה (*kacah*) primarily means to cover or conceal. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to clothe, hide, or overwhelm. The entries describe various forms of the verb, such as being covered or covering oneself, and its use in contexts like protection or sin. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[כָּסָה] vb. cover
Qal
conceal
pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
Niph. covered
Pi.
cover, clothe
cover, conceal blood
cover (with covering of protection)
cover, spread over
cover, overwhelm
cover over
Pual.
be covered
be clothed
Hithp. cover, clothe oneself
base
H3680 כָּסָה cover .. conceal
. pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)
. covered
. . cover, clothe
. cover, conceal blood
. cover (with covering of protection)
. cover, spread over
. cover, overwhelm
. cover over
. . be covered
. be clothed
. cover, clothe oneself
3680 kacah kaw-saw'
a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows;
by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy):--clad
self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide,
overwhelm. Compare 3780.
see HEBREW for 03780
כָּסָה (ka.sah) — to cover.
1) to cover, conceal, hide
1a) (Qal) conceal, covered (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be covered
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cover, clothe
1c2) to cover, conceal
1c3) to cover (for protection)
1c4) to cover over, spread over
1c5) to cover, overwhelm
1d) (Pual)
1d1) to be covered
1d2) to be clothed
1e) (Hithpael) to cover oneself, clothe oneself
V-Pual-Perf-3cp — Verb · Pual · perfect third person common pluralHVPp3cp
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
חָרוּל, transliterated as charuwl, refers to a type of weed, likely a nettle or possibly chickpea. It is derived from a root that suggests a prickly nature, indicating its thorny characteristics. The term appears in contexts relating to plants and weeds.
חָרוּל n.[m.] a kind of weed, perh. chickpea
base
H2738 חָרוּל, חָרֻל
2738 charuwl khaw-rool'
or (shortened) charul {khaw-rool'}; apparently, a passive
participle of an unused root probably meaning to be prickly;
properly, pointed, i.e. a bramble or other thorny weed:
nettle.
חָרוּל (cha.rul) — nettle.
nettles, weeds, kind of weed (perhaps chickpea)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
net'-'lz: (1) charul, (Job 30:7; Pr 24:31; Ze 2:9 margin, in all, "wild vetches"); the translation "nettles" is due to the supposed derivations of charul from an (obsolete) charal, meaning "to be sharp" or "stinging," but a translation "thorns" (as in Vulgate) would in that case do as well. Septuagint has phrugana agria, "wild brushwood," in Job, and certainly the association with the "saltwort" and the retm, "broom," in the passage would best be met by the supposition that it means the low thorny bushes plentiful in association with these plants. "Vetch" is suggested by the Aramaic, but is very uncertain. (2) qimmosh (Isa 34:13; Ho 9:6), and plural qimmeshonim (
גֶּדֶר (geder) means 'wall' or 'fence.' It is derived from the root word for a circumvallation, and its usage is consistent across the lexicons. The word appears in contexts related to walls or enclosures, emphasizing its structural significance.
גָּדֵר n.m. wall
base
H1444 גָּדֵר, גֶּדֶר
1444 geder gheh'-der
from 1443; a circumvallation:--wall.
see HEBREW for 01443
גֶּדֶר (ge.der) — wall.
wall, fence
Another spelling of ga.der (גָּדֵר "wall" H1447)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
N-fp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHNcfpc/Sp3ms
הָרַס (harac) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw down, break, or tear down. It covers a range of actions including overthrowing, destroying, and breaking through. The entries indicate it can be used in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, and Piel, each reflecting different nuances of the action.
הָרַס vb. throw down, break or tear down
Qal
throw down, tear down
break down, break away
break through
Niph. be thrown or torn down
Pi. overthrow, tear down
base
H2040 הָרַס throw down, break or tear down .. throw down, tear down
. break down, break away
. break through
. be thrown or torn down
. overthrow, tear down
2040 harac haw-ras'
a primitive root; to pull down or in pieces, break,
&Š destroy:--beat down, break (down, through), destroy,
overthrow, pluck down, pull down, ruin, throw down, X utterly.
הָרַס (ha.ras) — to overthrow.
1) to tear down, break down, overthrow, beat down, break, break through, destroy, pluck down, pull down, throw down, ruined, destroyer, utterly
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to throw down, tear down
1a2) to break through
1a3) to break down, break away
1b) (Niphal) to be torn down, be thrown down
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to overthrow, tear down
1c2) destroyer (participle)
V-Niphal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person feminine singularHVNp3fs