Proverbs 22:13 — Word Study
WLCאָמַ֣ר עָ֭צֵל אֲרִ֣י בַח֑וּץ בְּת֥וֹךְ רְ֝חֹב֗וֹת אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ׃
BSAThe slackerʻâtsêl [lazy person, slothful man] saysʼâmar■ [There is] a lionʼărîy outsidechûwts [in the streets, beyond the wall] I will be slainrâtsach▸ [murdered, killed] intâvek the streetsrᵉchôb [public areas, plazas]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אָמַ֣ר | he says | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| עָ֭צֵל | a sluggard | Adj |
| אֲרִ֣י | a lion | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַח֑וּץ | [is] in the street | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בְּת֥וֹךְ | in [the] midst of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| רְ֝חֹב֗וֹת | [the] open places | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ׃ | I will be killed | Verb, Niphal, imperfect first person common singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The slacker says, “There is a lion outside! I will be slain in the streets!” |
| KJV | The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets. |
| ASV | The sluggard saith, There is a lion without; I shall be slain in the streets. |
| YLT | The slothful hath said, 'A lion [is] without, In the midst of the broad places I am slain.' |
| WEB | The sluggard says, “There is a lion outside! I will be killed in the streets!” |
| BBE | The hater of work says, There is a lion outside: I will be put to death in the streets. |
Where they part company is עָצֵל — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate clauses that detail the sluggard's statement and his excuse.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectעָצֵל
verbאָמַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 22:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Warnings Against Lazinessgenerated
Proverbs 22:13 presents a sluggard who uses fear as a pretext for inaction. This verse is part of a larger discourse on the consequences of laziness, which is echoed in surrounding verses that highlight the folly of such behavior. The sluggard's excuse reflects a common human tendency to avoid responsibility by exaggerating danger, which is a theme found throughout the book of Proverbs.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 15:19 | The way of the slacker is like a hedge of thorns, but the path of the upright is a highway. |
| 2 | Proverbs 26:13–16 | The slacker says, “A lion is in the road! A fierce lion roams the public square!” |
| 3 | Numbers 13:32–33 | So they gave the Israelites a bad report about the land that they had spied out: “The land we explored devours its inhabitants, and all the people we saw there are great in stature. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עָצֵל, 'A.tzelgenerated
עָצֵל (atzel) describes a person who is habitually lazy or sluggish. The root of this word conveys a sense of slothfulness, and it appears in various contexts to illustrate the consequences of idleness. This adjective characterizes the subject of the verse, emphasizing a lifestyle marked by avoidance of work.
The parsing as an adjective indicates that it describes the state of the subject, in this case, the sluggard. The frequency of use in the Hebrew Bible highlights its importance in discussions about diligence and responsibility.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has slacker, and so do the KJV and ASV: all three maintain the same characterization of laziness.
Where others part company with the BSB they part company over the term for עָצֵל. The KJV and DRA use slothful man, while the ULB opts for lazy person, reflecting slight variations in the interpretation of the Hebrew term.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The sentence is structured around the main verb אָמַר, he says, which introduces the sluggard's statement. This verb governs the entire clause, with the subject being the sluggard and the rest of the phrase detailing his excuse.
The syntax emphasizes the sluggard's fearful proclamation about the lion, illustrating how the structure of the sentence reflects his mindset and rationalization for inaction.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אָמַר as λέγει (legei), which also means 'he says.' This choice maintains the directness of the speaker's claim.
The term for sluggard in the Septuagint is ὀκνηρός, which carries a similar connotation of laziness. This translation choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning, emphasizing the character's reluctance to act.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 22:13 describes a lazy person who uses fear of a lion outside as an excuse to avoid work. This verse warns against making excuses for not fulfilling responsibilities, highlighting the foolishness of such behavior.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A sluggard is someone who is habitually lazy and avoids work, often making excuses to justify their inaction.
The sluggard uses the fear of a lion as a pretext to avoid taking responsibility, illustrating how excuses can stem from laziness.
This verse aligns with other Proverbs that warn against laziness and emphasize the value of diligence and hard work.
We learn that fear can be used as a justification for inaction, and that one should be aware of the tendency to make excuses instead of facing responsibilities.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some excuses I make to avoid responsibilities in my life?
- How can I recognize laziness in my own behavior?
- What steps can I take to be more diligent and proactive?
- How does this proverb challenge my understanding of fear and responsibility?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The verse is referenced by early commentators to illustrate the folly of laziness and the excuses made by those who avoid responsibility.
"The sluggard says: There is a lion outside," etc. Often in his spirit, the one who is lazy in doing good works, timid in confessing the faith he holds in his heart, says: I dare not profess the faith I hold outside,Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 22 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 22:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe slothful [man] saith, [there is] a lion without,.... Or, "in the street".
Read John Gill on Proverbs 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 22 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSaith, allegeth as his excuse to them who upbraid him with idleness, or persuade him to diligence, There is a lion without; there are extreme dangers and invincible difficulties in my way. I shall be slain, by that lion, or some other way. In the streets; which is added to show the ridiculousness of his excuse; for lions abide in the woods or fields, not in the streets of towns or cities.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 22 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 22:13 The slothful [man] saith, [There is] a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets.Ver. 13. The slothful man saith, There is a lion, &c.] ‘ The lion is not so fierce as is painted,’ saith the Spanish proverb; much less this sluggard’ s lion, a mere fiction of his own brain to cover and colour over his idleness. He pretends two lions for failing; first, Leo est foris, There is a lion abroad, or in the field, where his work lies, and another in the streets; - a likely matter; lions haunt not in streets, but in woods and wildernesses. Here is no talk of Satan, "that roaring lion," that lies couchant in the sluggard’ s bed with him, and prompts him to these senseless excuses.…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) The slothful man saith, There is a lion without . . .—No excuses are too absurd for him, he fears to meet a lion in the open country, or, he might be murdered in the streets.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 22 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. The slothful man saith, There is a lion without] But why does he say so? Because he is a slothful man. Remove his slothfulness, and these imaginary difficulties and dangers will be no more. He will not go abroad to work in the fields, because he thinks there is a lion in the way; he will not go out into the town for employment, as he fears to be assassinated in the streets! From both these circumstances he seeks total cessation from activity.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges13. slain] or, more in accordance with the usual meaning of the Heb. word, murdered, R.V. The sluggard then offers two absurd excuses for not going forth to his business. ‘Without,’ he says, beyond the city walls, in the open country, ‘there is a lion,’ ready to tear me in pieces (comp. Jeremiah 5:6); even into ‘the streets’ I dare not venture, lest there some ruffian should ‘murder’ me.” When, however, the proverb recurs (Proverbs 26:13), it is the lion that is the professed object of dread within the city: The sluggard saith, There is a lion in the way, A lion is in the streets.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 22 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe point of the satire is the ingenuity with which the slothful man devises the most improbable alarms. He hears that “there is a lion without,” i.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 22 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The slacker says, “There is a lion outside! I will be slain in the streets!”
The sluggard says, “There is a lion outside! I will be killed in the streets!”
The slacker says, “There is a lion outside! I will be slain in the streets!”
The sluggard says, “There is a lion outside! I will be killed in the middle of the streets!”
Tyndale line
The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets.
The sluggard saith, There is a lion without; I shall be slain in the streets.
The sluggard saith, There is a lion without: I shall be murdered in the streets.
The slothful man saith, There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the streets.
The slouthfull man saith, A lyon is without, I shall be slaine in the streete.
Strictly literal
The sluggard saith, There is a lion without, I shall be killed in the streets!
The slothful hath said, 'A lion [is] without, In the midst of the broad places I am slain.'
The slothful has said, “A lion [is] outside, || I am slain in the midst of the broad places.”
The slothful saith, There is a lion without, in the midst of the streets shall I be murdered.
The lazy person says, “There is a lion in the street! I will be killed in the open places.”
From the Latin
The slothful man saith: There is a lion without, I shall be slain in the midst of the streets.
Simplified
Lazy people make claims like, “There's a lion outside! I might be killed if I go out there!”
The hater of work says, There is a lion outside: I will be put to death in the streets.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states, "The slacker says, 'There is a lion outside! I will be slain in the streets!'" The Septuagint agrees with this wording, as all seven words match in a word-by-word correspondence, although the Greek translation may have a different sentence structure. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide differing readings for this verse, confirming the text as presented in the Masoretic Text.
אָמַ֣ר עָ֭צֵל אֲרִ֣י בַח֑וּץ בְּת֥וֹךְ רְ֝חֹב֗וֹת אֵֽרָצֵֽחַ׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 22:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אָמַר (amar) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to say' or 'to utter,' with a broad range of uses including to promise, command, or even boast. It appears in various forms, such as in the Qal (to say), Niphal (to be told), and Hiphil (to avow). The entries highlight its versatility in both spoken and internal contexts, though no specific verse is noted.
אָמַר 5287 vb. utter, say
Qal
Say
Say in the heart (= think)
Promise
Command (esp. late)
Niph. be said, told
Hiph. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
Hithp. act proudly, boast
base
H559 אָמַר utter, say .. Say
. Say in the heart (= think)
. Promise
. Command (esp. late)
. be said, told
. avow, avouch (lit. cause to declare)
. act proudly, boast
559 'amar aw-mar'
a primitive root; to say (used with great
latitude):--answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call,
certify, challenge, charge, + (at the, give) command(-ment),
commune, consider, declare, demand, X desire, determine, X
expressly, X indeed, X intend, name, X plainly, promise,
publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), X still, X
suppose, talk, tell, term, X that is, X think, use (speech),
utter, X verily, X yet.
אָמַר (a.mar) — to say.
1) to say, speak, utter
1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend
1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called
1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly
1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch
Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
עָצֵל (atsel) refers to a state of being indolent or lazy, often describing a sluggard. It is derived from the root word for slothfulness and is used in various contexts to denote sluggishness.
עָצֵל 14 adj. sluggish, lazy
base
H6102 עָצֵל
6102 `atsel aw-tsale'
from 6101; indolent:--slothful, sluggard.
see HEBREW for 06101
עָצֵל (a.tsel) — sluggish.
1) sluggish, lazy
1a) sluggard (subst)
Adj — AdjHAamsa
slug'-ard: Found only in the Old Testament, and there only in Proverbs. It is the rendering given the word 'atsel everywhere in the Revised Version (British and American), but in the King James Version only in Pr 6:6,9; 10:26; 13:4; 20:4; 26:16 (elsewhere the King James Version translates by "slothful"). The root meaning of ['atsel] is "to be sluggish," "stupid." The English word "slug" is said to be "allied to slack" (Webster).
→ (A very lazy person)
→ See IDLENESS
אֲרִי (ariy) and אַרְיֵה (aryeh) both mean 'lion' in Hebrew, referring to the animal itself or images of it. The word is derived from a root associated with violence. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֲרִי n.m. lion
base
אַרְיֵה n.m. lion
base
H738a אֲרִי lion H738b אַרְיֵה lion
738 'ariy ar-ee'
or (prolonged) earyeh {ar-yay'}; from 717 (in the sense of
violence); a lion:--(young) lion, + pierce (from the margin).
see HEBREW for 0717
אֲרִי (a.ri) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
אַרְיֵה (ar.yeh) — lion.
1) lion
1a) pictures or images of lions
Aramaic equivalent: ar.yeh (אַרְיֵה "lion" H0744)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
li'-un:
(1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often.
1. Names:
Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezr 8:16; Isa 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Eze 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2Ki 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Ge 46:16; Nu 26:17).
"The most powerful, daring and impressive of all carnivorous animals, the most magnificent in aspect and awful in voice." At present lions do not exist in Palestine; but they must in ancient times have been numerous. The lion of Palestine was in all probability the Asiatic variety, described by Aristotle and Pliny as distinguished by its short and curly mane, and by being shorter and rounder in shape, like the sculptured lion found at Arban. It was less daring than the longer named species, but when driven by hunger it not only ventured to attack the flocks in the desert in presence of the shepherd, (1 Samuel 17:34; Isaiah 31:4) but laid waste towns and villages, (2 Kings 17:25,26; Proverbs 22:13; 26:13) and devoured men.…
The well-known and noble king of beasts, frequently spoken of in Scripture. He often exceeds eight feet in length and four feet in height; and his majestic and dauntless aspect, his prodigious strength and agility, and his peculiar roar, make him the terror of the forests. Lions were common in Palestine, (See JORDAN,) and the Hebrews had seven different names for them, to distinguish the different ages, etc. Five of these occur together in Job 4:10,11. See also Na 2:11,12. The psalmist alludes to the stealthy creeping of the lion till he can spring upon his prey, when he says of the crafty wicked man, "He lieth in wait secretly as a lion in his den; .... he croucheth, and humbleth himself, that the poor may fall by his strong ones." The Bible reader will remember the exploits of…
חוּץ (chuwts) refers to the concept of being outside or outward, often associated with streets or highways. It is derived from a root meaning to sever, indicating separation by a wall. The term covers various contexts, including outdoors and fields.
חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sts., esp. in pl., spec. a street
base
H2351 חוּץ
2351 chuwts khoots
or (shortened) chuts {khoots}; (both forms feminine in the
plural) from an unused root meaning to sever; properly,
separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors:--abroad, field,
forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.
חוּץ (chuts) — outside.
outside, outward, street, the outside
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
stret.
See CITY.
Street
The street called “Straight” at Damascus (Acts 9:11) is “a long broad street, running from east to west, about a mile in length, and forming the principal thoroughfare in the city.” In Oriental towns streets are usually narrow and irregular and filthy (Ps. 18:42; Isa. 10:6). “It is remarkable,” says Porter, “that all the important cities of Palestine and Syria Samaria, Caesarea, Gerasa, Bozrah, Damascus, Palmyra, had their ‘straight streets’ running through the centre of the city, and lined with stately rows of columns. The most perfect now remaining are those of Palmyra and Gerasa, where long ranges of the columns still stand.”, Through Samaria, etc.
The streets of a modern Oriental town present a great contrast to those with which we are familiar, being generally narrow, tortuous and gloomy, even in the best towns. Their character is mainly fixed by the climate and the style of architecture, the narrowness being due to the extreme heat, and the gloominess to the circumstance of the windows looking for the most part into the inner court. The street called "Straight," in Damascus, (Acts 9:11) was an exception to the rule of narrowness: it was a noble thoroughfare, one hundred feet wide. divided in the Roman age by colonnades into three avenues, the central one for foot passengers, the side passages for vehicles and horsemen going in different directions. The shops and warehouses were probably collected together into bazaars in ancient as in modern times. (
תָּ֫וֶךְ (tavek) means 'midst' or 'middle,' indicating a central position or location. It can also imply being 'among' or 'between' things, particularly in contexts involving separation or division. The term appears in various forms, such as 'into' or 'through,' especially after verbs of motion.
תָּ֫וֶךְ 416 subst. midst
base
H8432 תָּ֫וֶךְ subst. midst
8432 tavek taw'-vek
from an unused root meaning to sever; a bisection, i.e. (by
implication) the centre:--among(-st), X between, half, X
(there- ,where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among),
X out (of), X through, X with(-in).
תָּ֫וֶךְ (ta.vekh) — midst.
1) midst, middle
1a) midst, middle
1b) into, through (after verbs of motion)
1c) among (of a number of persons)
1d) between (of things arranged by twos)
1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רְחוֹב (re.chov) refers to a broad open place or plaza, often translated as street. It is derived from the root meaning width and encompasses areas like avenues or public spaces. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to open areas, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
רְחוֹב n.f. broad open place, plaza
base
H7339 רְחוֹב broad open place, plaza
7339 rchob rekh-obe'
or rchowb {rekh-obe'}; from 7337; a width, i.e. (concretely)
avenue or area:--broad place (way), street. See also 1050.
see HEBREW for 07337
see HEBREW for 01050
רְחוֹב (re.chov) — street/plaza.
broad or open place or plaza
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
רָצַח (ratsach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to murder or slay, with nuances of premeditated and accidental killing. It appears in various forms, including Qal (to murder), Niphal (to be slain), and Piel (to intensively murder or assassinate). The entries emphasize the act of killing a human being, particularly in a malicious context.
רָצַח vb. murder, slay
Qal murder, slay, with premeditation
Niph. I shall be slain
Pi. (intens.) murder, assassinate
Pu. ye murder
base
H7523 רָצַח murder, slay
7523 ratsach raw-tsakh'
a primitive root; properly, to dash in pieces, i.e. kill (a
human being), especially to murder:--put to death, kill,
(man-)slay(-er), murder(-er).
רָצַח (ra.tsach) — to murder.
1) to murder, slay, kill
1a)(Qal) to murder, slay
1a1) premeditated
1a2) accidental
1a3) as avenger
1a4) slayer (intentional) (participle)
1b) (Niphal) to be slain
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to murder, assassinate
1c2) murderer, assassin (participle) (subst)
1d) (Pual) to be killed
V-Niphal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Niphal · imperfect first person common singularHVNi1cs