Proverbs 26:28 — Word Study
WLCלְֽשׁוֹן־ שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א דַכָּ֑יו וּפֶ֥ה חָ֝לָ֗ק יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה מִדְחֶֽה׃
BSAA lyingsheqer [deceitful, false] tonguelâshôwn [language or speech] hatessânêʼ▸ [to intensely dislike or despise] those it crushesdak [oppresses or afflicts] and a flatteringchâlâq [smooth, deceitful] mouthpeh [lips or edge] causesʻâsâh▸ [to make or bring about] ruinmidcheh△ [destruction or overthrow, a cause of stumbling]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לְֽשׁוֹן־ | a tongue of | Noun common, both singular construct |
| שֶׁ֭קֶר | falsehood | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| יִשְׂנָ֣א | it hates | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| דַכָּ֑יו | crushed [people] its | Suffix |
| וּפֶ֥ה | and a mouth | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| חָ֝לָ֗ק | flattering | Adj |
| יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה | it makes | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מִדְחֶֽה׃ | stumbling | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | A lying tongue hates those it crushes, and a flattering mouth causes ruin. |
| KJV | A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin. |
| ASV | A lying tongue hateth those whom it hath wounded; And a flattering mouth worketh ruin. |
| YLT | A lying tongue hateth its bruised ones, And a flattering mouth worketh an overthrow! |
| WEB | A lying tongue hates those it hurts; and a flattering mouth works ruin. |
| BBE | A false tongue has hate for those who have clean hearts, and a smooth mouth is a cause of falling. |
Where they part company is חָלָק — see How Translations Differ.
The verse contains two main clauses, each detailing the consequences of different types of speech.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׂנֵא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 26:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Wisdom on Speech and Its Consequencesgenerated
Proverbs 26:28 warns that a lying tongue not only harms others but also leads to destruction. This verse is part of a larger discourse on the nature of deceitful speech, which is prevalent in the wisdom literature of the Bible. The surrounding verses emphasize the importance of discernment when dealing with those who speak deceptively, as seen in the context of Proverbs 26:25-27.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | John 8:40–44 | But now you are trying to kill Me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham never did such a thing. |
| 2 | John 10:32–33 | But Jesus responded, “I have shown you many good works from the Father. For which of these do you stone Me?” |
| 3 | John 15:22–24 | If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty of sin. Now, however, they have no excuse for their sin. |
| 4 | Proverbs 6:24 | to keep you from the evil woman, from the smooth tongue of the adulteress. |
| 5 | Proverbs 7:5–21 | that they may keep you from the adulteress, from the stranger with seductive words. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שֶׁ֭קֶר, She.kergenerated
The Hebrew word שֶׁ֫קֶר (*sheqer*) means 'falsehood' or 'deception,' indicating a range of dishonest behaviors. It is often used to describe lies and false testimony, emphasizing the serious implications of deceitful speech.
This word is rooted in the idea of betrayal and disappointment, highlighting the emotional weight of falsehood. Its usage in Proverbs serves as a warning against the dangers of lying and the harm it brings to relationships.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, where it uses lying and flattering to describe the two types of speech. The KJV and ASV also use lying and flattering, maintaining consistency.
Where translations differ is in the rendering of חָלָק. The BSB, KJV, and others use flattering, while the DRA opts for deceitful and the BBE for smooth, indicating different nuances in interpretation.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יִשְׂנָ֣א, it hates, which governs the subject לְֽשׁוֹן־ a tongue and the object דַכָּ֑יו those it crushes. The second clause begins with וּפֶ֥ה, and a mouth, leading to another verb יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה, it makes, and its object מִדְחֶֽה ruin.
The structure emphasizes the relationship between the actions of speech and their consequences, with the first clause focusing on hatred and oppression, and the second on the creation of ruin.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates לְֽשׁוֹן־ as γλῶσσα, meaning 'tongue' or 'language,' which aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning. This choice reflects a direct correspondence in the concept of speech.
For שֶׁ֭קֶר, the LXX uses ψευδὴς, which means 'false' or 'deceitful,' reinforcing the idea of dishonesty present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 26:28 tells us that a lying tongue hates those it crushes, meaning that deceitful speech can harm others deeply. It also says that a flattering mouth causes ruin, warning us that smooth talk can lead to destruction.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that deceitful speech not only harms others but is rooted in a deep animosity towards them.
Flattery can mislead people and create false expectations, ultimately resulting in disappointment or harm.
Proverbs emphasizes the power of words, showing how they can build up or tear down relationships and lives.
We should be mindful of our words, avoiding deceit and flattery, and instead speak truthfully and kindly.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can I ensure that my words are truthful and not deceitful?
- In what situations have I seen flattery lead to negative outcomes?
- What steps can I take to speak more kindly and avoid harsh words?
- How can I encourage others to speak truthfully and avoid deceit?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 26:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA lying tongue hateth [those that are] afflicted by it,.... That is, a man of a lying tongue, that is given to lying, hates those that are hurt and crushed by his lies; the reason why he hurts them
Read John Gill on Proverbs 26 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin. A lying tongue hateth (those that are) afflicted by it.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 26 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHateth those that are afflicted by it, because by his calumnies he hath made them his enemies. A flattering mouth; which, though it be more smooth and plausible than a slandering mouth, yet is in truth no less pernicious, betraying others either to sin, or to danger and mischief.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 26 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 26:28 A lying tongue hateth [those that are] afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.Ver. 28. A lying tongue hateth those that are addicted by it.] False love proves to be true hatred, by the evil consequent of its ruin and destruction to the party flattered, and betrayed by a smooth supparasitation. There are those who thus read the text. The false tongue hateth those that smite it, &c. Truth breeds hatred, as the fair nymphs did the ill-favoured fauns and satyrs.
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 26 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it.—As the remembrance of them calls up his own wickedness to the mind of the offender. This is one reason why “the carnal mind is enmity against God” (Romans 8:7), as being conscious of having rejected God’s love, and so hating to be reminded of Him.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 26 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it] He that injures another hates him in proportion to the injury he has done him; and, strange to tell, in proportion to the innocence of the oppressed. The debtor cannot bear the sight of his creditor; nor the knave, of him whom he has injured.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 26 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. Comp. “Proprium humani ingenii est odisse quem læseris.” Tacitus, Agric., cap. 42.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 26 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible28. A lying tongue… and a flattering mouth — These terms, according to Hebrew usage, stand for persons with these qualities. The rendering of the first clause is not entirely satisfactory.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 26 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
A lying tongue hates those it crushes, and a flattering mouth causes ruin.
A lying tongue hates those it hurts; and a flattering mouth works ruin.
A lying tongue hates those it crushes, and a flattering mouth causes ruin.
A lying tongue hates those crushed by it, and a flattering mouth works ruin.
Tyndale line
A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
A lying tongue hateth those whom it hath wounded; And a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
A lying tongue hateth those whom it hath wounded; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
A lying tongue hateth those that are afflicted by it; and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
A false tongue hateth the afflicted, and a flattering mouth causeth ruine.
Strictly literal
A lying tongue hateth those that are injured by it, and a flattering mouth worketh ruin.
A lying tongue hateth its bruised ones, And a flattering mouth worketh an overthrow!
A lying tongue hates its bruised ones, || And a flattering mouth works an overthrow!
A lying tongue hateth those that are crushed by it; and a flattering mouth prepareth [others'] downfall.
A lying tongue hates the people it crushes and a flattering mouth brings about ruin.
From the Latin
A deceitful tongue loveth not truth: and a slippery mouth worketh ruin.
Simplified
If you tell lies, you show you hate your victims; if you flatter people, you cause disaster.
A false tongue has hate for those who have clean hearts, and a smooth mouth is a cause of falling.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all eight words matching in their respective translations. This consistency highlights the shared understanding of the consequences of deceitful speech.
לְֽשׁוֹן־ שֶׁ֭קֶר יִשְׂנָ֣א דַכָּ֑יו וּפֶ֥ה חָ֝לָ֗ק יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה מִדְחֶֽה׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 26:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word לָשׁוֹן (*lashon*) primarily means 'tongue,' referring to both the organ of speech in humans and animals. It can also denote 'language' and has figurative uses, such as a 'tongue-shaped' wedge or bay. The entries highlight its literal and metaphorical applications, but do not present any significant disagreements among the lexicons.
לָשׁוֹן n.m. and (more oft.) f. tongue
tongue of men
= language
tongue of animals
tongue of fire
= (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
= (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
base
H3956 לָשׁוֹן tongue . tongue of men
. = language
. tongue of animals
. tongue of fire
. = (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
. = (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
3956 lashown law-shone'
or lashon {law-shone'}; also (in plural) feminine lshonah
{lesh-o-naw'}; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used
literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech),
and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of
water):--+ babbler,bay, + evil speaker, language, talker,
tongue, wedge.
see HEBREW for 03960
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue.
: tongue/words
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: language.
: language
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: bar.
: bar/projection/bay
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
N-cs — Noun common · both singular constructHNcbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֶׁ֫קֶר (sheqer) refers to deception, falsehood, and disappointment. It encompasses various forms of deceit, including fraud and wrongful testimony. The word is built from the root associated with untruths and can imply sham or lying. It is used in contexts involving false prophets and general dishonesty.
שֶׁ֫קֶר 113 n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood
deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
deceit, fraud, wrong
injurious falsehood, in testimony
falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
lie, falsehood, in gen.
base
H8267 שֶׁ֫קֶר deception, disappointment, falsehood . deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
. deceit, fraud, wrong
. injurious falsehood, in testimony
. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
. lie, falsehood, in gen.
8267 sheqer sheh'-ker
from 8266; an untruth; by implication, a sham (often
adverbial):--without a cause, deceit(-ful),
false(-hood, -ly), feignedly, liar, + lie, lying, vain
(thing), wrongfully.
see HEBREW for 08266
שֶׁ֫קֶר (she.qer) — deception.
1) lie, deception, disappointment, falsehood
1a) deception (what deceives or disappoints or betrays one)
1b) deceit, fraud, wrong
1b1) fraudulently, wrongfully (as adverb)
1c) falsehood (injurious in testimony)
1c1) testify falsehood, false oath, swear falsely
1d) falsity (of false or self-deceived prophets)
1e) lie, falsehood (in general)
1e1) false tongue
1f) in vain
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fols'-hood.
See LYING.
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 20:16; 23:1; Le 6:2-7; 19:11,12,16; Job 13:4; 21:34; 27:4; 31:5,6,33; 36:4; Ps 5:6,9; 10:7; 12:2,3; 28:3; 31:18; 34:13; 36:3; 50:19,20; 52:2-5; 55:21,23; 58:3; 59:12; 62:4; 63:11; 101:5,7; 109:2; 116:11; 119:29,69,163; 120:2-4; 144:8,11; Pr 2:12-15; 3:3; 6:12,13,17-19; 10:9,10,18,31; 11:9; 12:17,19,20,22; 13:5; 14:5,8,25; 17:4,7; 19:5,9,22,28; 20:17; 21:6; 26:18,19,24-26,28; 27:14; Ec 5:6; Isa 28:15; 32:7; 57:11; 59:3,4,12,13; 63:8;
שָׂנֵא (sane') is a primitive root meaning 'to hate.' It covers various forms of hatred, including personal animosity and enmity, and can refer to both humans and God. The word appears in different grammatical forms, with uses in Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating actions of hating or being hated. Its Aramaic equivalent is שְׂנָא.
שָׂנֵא 145 vb. hate
Qal 128 hate
Niph. is hated
Pi. enemy
base
H8130 שָׂנֵא hate
8130 sane' saw-nay'
a primitive root; to hate (personally):--enemy, foe, (be)
hate(-ful, -r), odious, X utterly.
שָׂנֵא (sa.ne) — to hate.
1) to hate, be hateful
1a) (Qal) to hate
1a1) of man
1a2) of God
1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be hated
1c) (Piel) hater (participle)
1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom
Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (שְׂנָא "to hate" H8131)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
דַּךְ (dakh) is an adjective meaning 'crushed' or 'oppressed.' It is derived from an unused root and is used figuratively to describe someone who is injured or afflicted. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to being crushed or oppressed.
דַּךְ adj. crushed, oppressed
base
H1790 דַּךְ
1790 dak dak
from an unused root (compare 1794); crushed, i.e. (fig.)
injured:--afflicted, oppressed.
see HEBREW for 01794
דַּךְ (dakh) — crushed.
crushed, oppressed
Adj | Suff — SuffixHAampc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.
פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth
mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
external organ
much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
as laughing; panting
of God
of idols
of musical instr. = sound
of animals; hence of edge of sword
mouth = opening, orifice
extremity, end
= portion
with preps.
base
H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking
. external organ
. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man
. as laughing; panting
. of God
. of idols
. of musical instr. = sound
. of animals
. mouth = opening, orifice
. . extremity, end
. = portion
. with preps.
6310 peh peh
from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether
literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically
edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)
according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,
assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +
file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)
say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,
tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.
see HEBREW for 06284
פֶּה (peh) — lip.
: lip/mouth
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.
: edge
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21
פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.
: word/command
peh
1) mouth
1a) mouth (of man)
1b) mouth (as organ of speech)
1c) mouth (of animals)
1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)
1e) extremity, end pim
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
mowth (peh, chekh, garon (Ps 149:6); Aramaic pum, tera (Da 3:26); stoma, 71 times, once logos, i.e. "word of mouth," "speech" (Ac 15:27); once we find the verb epistomizo, "to silence," "to stop the mouth" (Tit 1:11)):
1. Literal Sense:
In addition to frequent references to man and animals, "Their food was yet in their mouths" (Ps 78:30); "And Yahweh opened the mouth of the ass" (Nu 22:28); "Save me from the lion's mouth" (Ps 22:21), etc., the term is often used in connection with inanimate things: mouth of a…
Is sometimes used in Scripture for speaker, Ex 4:16 Jer 15:19. God spoke with Moses "mouth to mouth," Numbers 12.8, that is, condescendingly and clearly. The law was to be "in the mouth" of the Hebrews, Ex 13:9, often rehearsed and talked of. "The rod of his mouth," Isa 11:4, and the sharp sword, Re 1:16, denote the power of Christ’s word to convict, control, and judge; compare Isa 49:2 Heb 4:12. The Hebrew word for mouth is often translated "command," Ge 45:21…
The Hebrew word חָלָק (chalaq) means 'smooth' and is often associated with flattering speech. It derives from the root meaning related to smoothness, particularly in the context of the tongue. The entries highlight its literal and figurative uses, including the notion of flattery.
חָלָק adj. smooth
lit.
fig. of mouth uttering smooth words
as subst. = flattery
base
H2509 חָלָק smooth
2509 chalaq khaw-lawk'
from 2505; smooth (especially of tongue):--flattering,
smooth.
see HEBREW for 02505
חָלָק (cha.laq) — smooth.
flattering, smooth
Adj — AdjHAamsa
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
מִדְחֶה (midcheh) refers to a means or occasion of stumbling, and is associated with the concept of ruin. It is derived from the root meaning to overthrow. The word appears in Proverbs 26:28, highlighting its use in the context of causing downfall.
מִדְחֶה n.m. means or occasion of stumbling, Pr 26:28
ref
H4072 מִדְחֶה
4072 midcheh mid-kheh'
from 1760; overthrow:--ruin.
see HEBREW for 01760
מִדְחֶה (mid.cheh) — ruin.
1) occasion of stumbling, means of stumbling
2) (TWOT) ruin
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa