Psalms 18:2 — Word Study
WLCיְהוָ֤ה׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־ בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־ יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃
BSAThe LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יְהוָ֤ה׀ | Yahweh | Noun proper |
| סַֽלְעִ֥י | [is] rock my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י | and stronghold my | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י | and deliverer my | Conjunction, verb piel participle (active) masculine singular common, suffix |
| אֵלִ֣י | God my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| צ֭וּרִי | [is] rock my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אֶֽחֱסֶה־ | [whom] I take refuge | Verb, Qal, imperfect first person common singular |
| בּ֑וֹ | in him | Preposition, suffix |
| מָֽגִנִּ֥י | shield my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| וְקֶֽרֶן־ | and [the] horn of | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct |
| יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י | salvation my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ | refuge my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. |
| KJV | The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower. |
| ASV | Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; My God, my rock, in whom I will take refuge; My shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower. |
| YLT | Jehovah [is] my rock, and my bulwark, And my deliverer, My God [is] my rock, I trust in Him: My shield, and a horn of my salvation, My high tower. |
| WEB | Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower. |
| BBE | The Lord is my Rock, my walled town, and my saviour; my God, my Rock, in him will I put my faith; my breastplate, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower. |
Where translations part company is מִשְׂגַּבִּי — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the central declaration, with additional noun phrases describing God's protective roles.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectוְ
verbH2620
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 18:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Declaration of Trustgenerated
Psalm 18:2 expresses a profound trust in God, identifying Him as a rock, fortress, and deliverer. This verse is part of a larger psalm where David praises the LORD for His protection and faithfulness, especially in times of trouble, as seen in the surrounding verses that highlight themes of rescue and strength.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 28:1 | To You, O LORD, I call; be not deaf to me, O my Rock. For if You remain silent, I will be like those descending to the Pit. |
| 2 | Psalm 62:2–7 | He alone is my rock and my salvation. He is my fortress; I will never be shaken. |
| 3 | Isaiah 32:2 | Each will be like a shelter from the wind, a refuge from the storm, like streams of water in a dry land, like the shadow of a great rock in an arid land. |
| 4 | Psalm 91:2 | I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.” |
| 5 | Psalm 144:2 | He is my steadfast love and my fortress, my stronghold and my deliverer. He is my shield, in whom I take refuge, who subdues peoples under me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְהוָ֤ה, Yahwehgenerated
The name יְהוָה (Yahweh) signifies the self-existent and eternal God, often translated as 'the LORD'. This name is central to the Jewish faith, emphasizing God's covenant relationship with His people.
In this verse, Yahweh is described as a rock, a strong and secure foundation, indicating His reliability and strength. The use of this name underscores the intimate relationship between God and David, reflecting trust and dependence.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb אֶֽחֱסֶה (take refuge) governs the entire verse, establishing a personal declaration of faith. The structure includes multiple noun phrases describing God, emphasizing His roles as rock, fortress, and deliverer.
The order of the phrases highlights the psalmist's confidence in God's protection, with the subject being the LORD and the action of seeking refuge being the focal point of the verse.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יְהוָה as κύριος (Kyrios), maintaining the personal name of God but using a term that emphasizes lordship. This choice reflects the Greek-speaking audience's understanding of God's authority.
The Greek word for מִשְׂגַּבִּי is not directly matched, indicating a potential interpretative shift in how refuge is understood in the Greek context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 18:2 expresses David's deep trust in the LORD, whom he describes as his rock, fortress, and deliverer. This verse highlights the security and strength he finds in God, emphasizing that God is his refuge and protection.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that God is a strong and secure foundation, providing stability and protection in times of trouble.
A fortress represents safety and security, indicating that David sees God as a place of refuge from his enemies.
It emphasizes God's role in rescuing David from danger, highlighting His power to save and protect.
You can find comfort in knowing that God is your source of strength and safety, just as David did, by trusting in Him during difficult times.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's protection in my life?
- How can I build my trust in God as my refuge?
- What does it mean for me to see God as my rock and deliverer?
- How can I encourage others to trust in God during their struggles?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, emphasizing Christ's role as the rock and deliverer, illustrating the theological significance of David's declaration.
Christ is the rock. When David built his own house on the rock, he was like the wise man. … In such a way, he is made superior to all his enemies.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
Unless one has a horn with which to rout his enemies, he is not worthy to be offered to God. That is why the Lord is described as a horn to those who believe in him; and it was with the horns of the cross that he routed his enemies.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
"O Lord, My stay, and My refuge, and My deliverer" [Psalms 18:2]. O Lord, who hast stayed Me, because I sought refuge with You: and I sought refuge, because You have delivered Me.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 18:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe Lord [is] my rock,.... To whom the saints have recourse for shelter and safety, for supply, support, and divine refreshment; and in whom they are secure, and on whom they build their hopes of
Read John Gill on Psalms 18 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 18 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy rock; to which I flee for refuge, as the Israelites did to their rocks. See . The horn; by which I have both defended myself, and subdued mine enemies. It is a metaphor from those beasts whose strength lies in their horns. The horn is oft put for power, as , and elsewhere.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 18 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 18:2 The LORD [is] my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, [and] my high tower.Ver. 2. The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, &c.] i.e. He is all in all for my preservation. Ten words, say the Hebrews, he here heapeth up, in reference to ten signal victories; or rather because his thankful heart was so enlarged, that he could never satisfy himself in saying what God had been to him and done for him; and hence this congeries, or heap of holy expressions; and all to show that God is a rock of refuge, a firm fortress, a receptacle of rest, a sanctuary of safety to all his saints in time of trouble.…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 18 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Rock.—Better here, cliff, keeping “rock” for the next clause. In the first figure the ideas of height and shelter, in the second of broad-based and enduring strength, are predominant. Fortress.—Properly, mountain castle. We have the joint figure of the lofty and precipitous cliff with the castle on its crest, a reminiscence—as, in fact, is every one in this “towering of epithets”—of scenes and events in David’s early life. My God . . .—Better, my God, my rock, I trust in Him. God is here El, “the strong one.” In Samuel, “God of my rock.” Horn of my salvation.—The allusion seems to be not to a means of attack, like the horn of an animal, but to a mountain peak (called “horn” in all…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 18 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. The Lord is my rock] 2. I stand on him as my foundation, and derive every good from him who is the source of good. The word סלע sela signifies those craggy precipices which afford shelter to men and wild animals; where the bees often made their nests, and whence honey was collected in great abundance. "He made him to suck honey out of the rock," Deuteronomy 32:13. 3. He was his fortress; a place of strength and safety, fortified by nature and art, where he could be safe from his enemies. He refers to those inaccessible heights in the rocky, mountainous country of Judea, where he had often found refuge from the pursuit of Saul. What these have been to my body, such has the Lord been…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 18 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. The imagery which David uses is derived from the features of a country abounding in cliffs and caves and natural strongholds, with which he had become familiar in his flight from Saul. The rock, or cliff (sela) where he had been so unexpectedly delivered from Saul (1 Samuel 23:25-28): the fortress or stronghold in the wilderness of Judah or the fastnesses of En-gedi (1 Samuel 22:4; 1 Samuel 23:14; 1 Samuel 23:19; 1 Samuel 23:29; 1 Samuel 24:22); “the rocks of the wild goats” (1 Samuel 24:2; 1 Chronicles 11:15); were all emblems of Him who had been throughout his true Refuge and Deliverer. my God] El, and so in Psalms 18:30; Psalms 18:32; Psalms 18:47. See note on Psalms 5:4. my strength…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 18 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe Lord is my rock - The idea in this expression, and in the subsequent parts of the description, is that he owed his safety entirely to God. He had been unto him as a rock, a tower, a buckler, etc.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 18 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.
The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
The Lord is my high ridge, my stronghold, my deliverer. My God is my rocky summit where I take shelter, my shield, the horn that saves me, and my refuge.
Tyndale line
The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; My God, my rock, in whom I will take refuge; My shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.
The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strong rock, in him will I trust; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.
The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
The Lord is my rocke, and my fortresse, and he that deliuereth me, my God and my strength: in him will I trust, my shield, the horne also of my saluation, and my refuge.
Strictly literal
Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I will trust; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.
Jehovah [is] my rock, and my bulwark, And my deliverer, My God [is] my rock, I trust in Him: My shield, and a horn of my salvation, My high tower.
YHWH [is] my rock, and my bulwark, || And my deliverer, || My God [is] my rock, || I trust in Him: My shield, and the horn of my salvation, || My high tower.
(18:3) The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my rock, in whom I trust; my shield, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
Yahweh is my rock, my fortress, the one who brings me to safety; he is my God, my rock; I take refuge in him. He is my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold.
From the Latin
The heavens shew forth the glory of God, and the firmament declareth the work of his hands.
Simplified
The Lord is my rock, my fortress, and my Savior. He is my God, my rock who protects me. He shields me from harm, his power protects me, he keeps me safe.
The Lord is my Rock, my walled town, and my saviour; my God, my Rock, in him will I put my faith; my breastplate, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents a complete and coherent verse, affirming that the LORD is the speaker's rock, fortress, and deliverer. The Septuagint, while not providing a full translation, matches 4 of the 12 words from the Masoretic Text, indicating some agreement but differing in structure and wording. The Dead Sea Scrolls, specifically 4Q85 and 11Q7, contain fragments that include 4 words related to the verse, but these are heavily edited and do not present the full text as found in the Masoretic Text. Overall, the Masoretic Text stands as the most complete witness for Psalms 18:2, while the other sources offer partial corroboration or fragments that suggest thematic similarities.
יְהוָ֤ה׀ סַֽלְעִ֥י וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י אֵלִ֣י צ֭וּרִי אֶֽחֱסֶה־ בּ֑וֹ מָֽגִנִּ֥י וְקֶֽרֶן־ יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃
4 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ויאמר] ארחמ׳ך [יהוה] [חזק׳י]
4 words of the verse are on this fragment — 3 supplied entire by an editor.
[ויואמר] רחמתי׳כה [יהוה] [חזק׳י]
4 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 18:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-proper — Noun properHNpt
סֶ֫לַע (cela`) refers to a crag or cliff, indicating a strong, rocky formation. It can denote both a literal rock and a figurative stronghold, suggesting security and loftiness. The entries consistently emphasize its meanings related to rugged terrain and fortification, with no significant disagreements noted among the lexicons.
סֶ֫לַע 61 n.m. crag, cliff
base
H5553 סֶ֫לַע crag, cliff
5553 cela` seh'-lah
from an unused root meaning to be lofty; a craggy rock,
literally or figuratively (a fortress):--(ragged) rock,
stone(-ny), strong hold.
סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — rock.
The Rock
Sela (H5554)
סֶ֫לַע (se.la) — crag.
1) crag, cliff, rock
1a) crag, cliff
1b) as stronghold of Jehovah, of security (fig.)
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
מְצוּדָה (matsuwdah) refers to both a net or prey and a stronghold or fastness. The word encompasses concepts of capture and defense, indicating a place of safety or a means of hunting. It appears in contexts related to both physical capture and strategic locations.
מְצוּדָה n.f. net, prey
base
מְצוּדָה n.f. fastness, stronghold
base
H4686a מְצוּדָה net, prey H4686b מְצוּדָה fastness, stronghold
4686 matsuwd maw-tsood'
or (feminine) mtsuwdah {mets-oo-daw'}; or mtsudah
{mets-oo-daw'}; for 4685; a net, or (abstractly) capture; also
a fastness; --castle, defense, fort(-ress), (strong) hold, be
hunted, net, snare, strong place.
see HEBREW for 04685
מְצוּדָה (ma.tsu.dah) — net.
1) net, prey, net prey
1a) net
1b) prey
מְצוּדָה (ma.tsu.dah) — fortress.
fastness, stronghold
HC/Ncfsc/Sp1bs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
פָּלַט (palat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to escape or slip away. It encompasses various nuances, including delivering, bringing to safety, and causing to escape, with different forms indicating active or passive meanings. The entries suggest its use in contexts of security and deliverance, though no specific Old Testament verses are cited.
[פָּלַט] vb. escape
Qal and (if) escapers of them escape.
Pi.
bring into security
cause to escape, cast forth, of cow calving
appar. intrans. be delivered
Hiph. bring into security
base
H6403 [פָּלַט] escape .and (if) escapers of them escape.
. . bring into security
. cause to escape, cast forth, of cow calving
. appar. intrans. be delivered
. bring into security
6403 palat paw-lat'
a primitive root; to slip out, i.e. escape; causatively, to
deliver:--calve, carry away safe, deliver, (cause to) escape.
פָּלַט (pa.lat) — to escape.
1) to escape, save, deliver, slip away
1a) (Qal) to escape
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to bring into security, deliver
1b2) to cause to escape, cast forth
1b3) to be delivered
1b4) to slip away
1c) (Hiphil) to bring into security, bring to safety
HC/Vprmsc/Sp1bs — Conjunction · verb piel participle (active) masculine singular common · suffixHC/Vprmsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word אֵל (*'el*) primarily means 'god' and conveys the idea of might or strength. It can refer to the one true God of Israel, as well as to other deities, angels, and mighty men. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including nature and power, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
אֵל n.m. god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might
applied to men of might and rank
angels
gods of the nations
Ēl
as characterizing mighty things in nature
God, the one only and true God of Israel
אֵל strength, power
base
H410 אֵל god, but with various subordinate applications to express the idea of might . applied to men of might and rank
. angels
. gods of the nations
. Ēl
. as characterizing mighty things in nature
. God, the one only and true God of Israel
. אֵל strength, power
410 'el ale
shortened from 352; strength; as adjective, mighty;
especially the Almighty (but used also of any deity):--God
(god), X goodly, X great, idol, might(-y one), power, strong.
Compare names in "-el."
see HEBREW for 0352
אֵל (el) — God.
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
אֵל (el) — El (Berith).
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "Berith" (berith בְּרִית H1286)
אֵל (el) — El (Elohe).
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "God" (elohim אֱלֹהִים H0430)
אֵל (el) — El (Most High).
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
This name means god, god-like one, mighty one, strength, power
Combined with "Most High" (el.yon עֶלְיוֹן H5945B)
אֵל (el) — god.
: god
1) god, god-like one, mighty one
1a) mighty men, men of rank, mighty heroes
1b) angels
1c) god, false god, (demons, imaginations)
1d) God, the one true God, Jehovah
2) mighty things in nature
3) strength, power
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
צוּר (tsur) means rock or cliff, often referring to a sharp rock or boulder. It can also signify a refuge or an edge, and is used in various contexts, including references to God as a rock. The word is built from the root associated with strong, compressed formations, and it appears in different forms, such as in the phrase 'rock of God.'
צוּר n.m. rock, cliff
base
H6697 צוּר rock, cliff
6697 tsuwr tsoor
or tsur {tsoor}; from 6696; properly, a cliff (or sharp rock,
as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a
refuge; also an edge (as precipitous):--edge, X (mighty) God
(one), rock, X sharp, stone, X strength, X strong. See also
1049.
see HEBREW for 06696
see HEBREW for 01049
צוּר (tsur) — Rocks (of Goats).
Combined with ya.el (יָעֵל "Wildgoats'" H3277)
This name means rock, cliff
צוּר (tsur) — rock.
1) rock, cliff
1a) rocky wall, cliff
1b) rock (with flat surface)
1c) block of stone, boulder
1d) rock (specific)
1e) rock (of God)
1f) rock (of heathen gods) n pr dei
1g) Rock
Aramaic equivalent: tur (טוּר "mountain" H2906)
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
חָסָה (chacah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to seek refuge or flee for protection, often used in a figurative sense to express trust or hope in God. It is primarily found in poetic contexts, emphasizing the act of confiding in divine protection.
חָסָה vb. (mostly poet. and fig.) seek refuge
base
H2620 חָסָה (mostly poet. and fig.) seek refuge
2620 chacah khaw-saw'
a primitive root; to flee for protection (compare 982);
figuratively, to confide in:--have hope, make refuge, (put)
trust.
see HEBREW for 0982
חָסָה (cha.sah) — to seek refuge.
1) (Qal) to seek refuge, flee for protection
1a) to put trust in (God), confide or hope in (God) (fig.)
HVqi1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singularHVqi1cs
ref'-uj: A place of resort and safety. The principal words in the Old Testament are machceh (Ps 14:6; 46:1; 62:7,8; Isa 4:6, etc.), and manoc (2Sa 22:3; Ps 59:16, etc.), both applied chiefly to God as a "refuge" for His people. For the King James Version "refuge" in De 33:27, the Revised Version (British and American) has "dwelling-place," and in Ps 9:9, "high tower." Conversely, the Revised Version (British and American) has "refuge" for the King James Version "shelter" in Ps 61:3, and "hope" in
→ CITIES OF
From the avenger of blood Ex 21:13,14; Nu 35:11-32; De 4:41-43; 19:2-13; Jos 20:1-6
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
מָגֵן (magen) means 'shield' and can refer to both a small shield or buckler and a figurative protector. It can also denote the scaly hide of a crocodile. The word is feminine in plural form, מִגִּנָּה (mginnah), and is derived from a root meaning to cover or protect.
מָגֵן n.m. & f. shield
base
H4043 מָגֵן shield
4043 magen maw-gane'
also (in plural) feminine mginnah {meg-in-naw'}; from 1598; a
shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a
protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile:--X armed,
buckler, defence, ruler, + scale, shield.
see HEBREW for 01598
מָגֵן (ma.gen) — shield.
shield, buckler
HNcbsc/Sp1ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1ms
The Hebrew word קֶ֫רֶן (*qeren*) primarily means 'horn,' which can refer to a ram's horn, a musical instrument, or horn-like projections on an altar. It also has figurative meanings related to strength and can denote a flask or rays of light. The term קַרְנַ֫יִם (*qarnaim*) refers to a location conquered by Israel, likely in Bashan.
קֶ֫רֶן 75 n.f. horn
of ram
used as oil-flask
as wind instr.
(from curved shape of tusks)
fig. of pers., symbol of strength
of altar, horn-like projections at corners
hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
base
קַרְנַ֫יִם n.pr.loc. conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
base
H7161a קֶ֫רֶן horn . . of ram
. used as oil-flask
. as wind instr.
. (from curved shape of tusks)
. fig. of pers., symbol of strength
. of altar, horn-like projections at corners
. hill (so in Ar., peak, isolated hill)
. rays at his side(s) he had (of lightning-flashes in theoph.)
H7161b קַרְנַ֫יִם conquered by Isr.; prob. in Bashan
7161 qeren keh'-ren
from 7160; a horn (as projecting); by implication, a flask,
cornet; by resembl. an elephant's tooth (i.e. ivory), a corner
(of the altar), a peak (of a mountain), a ray (of light);
figuratively, power:--X hill, horn.
see HEBREW for 07160
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) horn
1b) of strength (fig)
1c) flask (container for oil)
1d) horn (as musical instrument)
1e) horn (of horn-like projections on the altar)
1f) of rays of light
1g) hill
Aramaic equivalent: qe.ren (קֶ֫רֶן "horn" H7162)
קַרְנַ֫יִם (qar.na.im) — Karnaim.
(BDB) Karnaim, a place conquered by Israel probably in Bashan
Another name of ash.te.rot qar.na.yim (עַשְׁתְּרֹת קַרְנַיִם "Ashteroth-karnaim" H6255)
HC/Ncfsc — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular constructHC/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יֵ֫שַׁע (yesha`) refers to concepts of deliverance, rescue, and salvation, encompassing both physical and spiritual aspects. It also includes ideas of safety, welfare, and prosperity. The entries consistently emphasize its use in contexts of divine rescue and victory.
יֵ֫שַׁע n.m. deliverance, rescue, salvation, also safety, welfare
safety, welfare, prosperity
salvation, i.e. primarily physical rescue, by God, oft. with added spiritual idea
victory
base
H3468 יֵ֫שַׁע deliverance, rescue, salvation, also safety, welfare . safety, welfare, prosperity
. salvation, i.e. primarily physical rescue, by God, oft. with added spiritual idea
. victory
3468 yesha` yeh'-shah
or yeshai {yay'-shah}; from 3467; liberty, deliverance,
prosperity:--safety, salvation, saving.
see HEBREW for 03467
יֵ֫שַׁע (ye.sah) — salvation.
1) deliverance, salvation, rescue, safety, welfare
1a) safety, welfare, prosperity
1b) salvation
1c) victory
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
מִשְׂגָּב (misgab) refers to a secure height or retreat, often understood as a refuge or stronghold. It can denote a lofty or inaccessible place, and is specifically mentioned as a location in Moab in Jeremiah 48:1. The term emphasizes both physical elevation and the concept of safety.
ref
H4869a מִשְׂגָּב secure height, retreat H4869b מִשְׂגָּב in Moab
4869 misgab mis-gawb'
from 7682; properly, a cliff (or other lofty or inaccessible
place); abstractly, altitude; figuratively, a refuge:--
defence, high fort (tower), refuge, Misgab, a place in
Moab:--Misgab.
see HEBREW for 07682
מִשְׂגָּב (mis.gav) — high refuge.
1) high place, refuge, secure height, retreat
1a) stronghold
1b) refuge (of God)
מִשְׂגָּב (mis.gav) — Misgab.
Word sometimes translated as a name, only mentioned at Jer.48.1
§ Misgab = "height"
a place in Moab
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs