Psalms 64:3 — Word Study
WLCאֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר׃
BSAto hideçâthar counselçôwd be evilrâʻaʻ throngregesh to workpâʻal evilʼâven
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֲשֶׁ֤ר | who | Particle |
| שָׁנְנ֣וּ | they sharpen | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| כַחֶ֣רֶב | like sword | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם | tongue their | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| דָּרְכ֥וּ | they bend | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| חִ֝צָּ֗ם | arrow their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| דָּבָ֥ר | a word | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מָֽר׃ | bitter |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | who sharpen their tongues like swords and aim their bitter words like arrows, |
| KJV | Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words: |
| ASV | Who have whet their tongue like a sword, And have aimed their arrows, even bitter words, |
| YLT | Who sharpened as a sword their tongue, They directed their arrow — a bitter word. |
| WEB | who sharpen their tongue like a sword, and aim their arrows, deadly words, |
| BBE | Who make their tongues sharp like a sword, and whose arrows are pointed, even bitter words; |
The translations agree on the imagery of sharpening tongues, with variations in phrasing.
The sentence has a main clause with two phrases that elaborate on the actions of the subjects.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 64:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Schemes of the Wickedgenerated
Psalms 64:3 describes the wicked who sharpen their tongues like swords, aiming their bitter words like arrows. This imagery highlights the destructive power of their speech. The psalmist contrasts their malicious intent with the innocence of their targets, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly in Psalm 64:2 and Psalm 64:4.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 57:4 | My soul is among the lions; I lie down with ravenous beasts— with men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are sharp swords. |
| 2 | Proverbs 12:18 | Speaking rashly is like a piercing sword, but the tongue of the wise brings healing. |
| 3 | Proverbs 30:14 | there is a generation whose teeth are swords and whose jaws are knives, devouring the oppressed from the earth and the needy from among men. |
| 4 | Isaiah 54:17 | No weapon formed against you shall prosper, and you will refute every tongue that accuses you. This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD, and their vindication is from Me,” declares the LORD. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 9:3 | “They bend their tongues like bows; lies prevail over truth in the land. For they proceed from evil to evil, and they do not take Me into account,” declares the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שָׁנְנ֣וּ, sha.ne.Nugenerated
The verb שָׁנַן (*shanan*) means 'to sharpen' and is used here in the perfect tense, indicating completed action by a plural subject. It conveys the idea of making something sharp, which in this context refers to the sharpening of tongues, likening them to swords.
This sharpening suggests a deliberate preparation for attack, emphasizing the harmful potential of words when wielded with intent. The imagery evokes the idea of speech as a weapon, capable of inflicting pain and causing harm.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is שָׁנְנ֣וּ, they sharpen, governing the action of the subjects. It is followed by a simile, כַחֶ֣רֶב, like swords, which describes how the sharpening is perceived.
The structure includes two main actions: sharpening and bending, with דָּרְכ֥וּ, they bend, as another finite verb that introduces a second layer of imagery, emphasizing the intent behind their words.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שָׁנְנ֣וּ with ἐσκέπασάς, indicating a similar understanding of sharpening but with a different nuance. This choice may reflect a broader interpretation of the action, suggesting concealment or protection.
The LXX also uses συστροφῆς for כַחֶ֣רֶב, which can imply a twisting or bending motion, aligning with the idea of aiming or directing words as arrows.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 64:3 describes how the wicked use their words like weapons. They sharpen their tongues like swords and aim their bitter words like arrows, demonstrating the destructive power of speech.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase suggests that the wicked prepare their words to cause harm, just as one sharpens a sword for battle.
Words are compared to arrows because they can strike quickly and cause pain, much like an arrow shot from a bow.
The term 'bitter' indicates that the words are not just harmful but also malicious, intended to inflict emotional pain.
This verse illustrates the nature of wickedness as not only a physical action but also a verbal assault, highlighting the dangers of harmful speech.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I guard my speech to avoid causing harm to others?
- How can I recognize when my words are being used as weapons?
- What are some examples of bitter words that can hurt others, and how can I replace them with words of encouragement?
- How does this verse challenge me to think about the power of my words in daily interactions?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse includes Augustine of Hippo, who reflects on the imagery of sharpened tongues as weapons, emphasizing the dangers of harmful speech.
"For they have whet like a sword their tongues" [Psalms 64:3]. Which says another Psalm also, "Sons of men;Early Church Fathers on Psalms 64 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 64:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWho whet their tongue like a sword,.... Use cutting, wounding, killing, and devouring words; on which they set an edge, and make them keener and keener to hurt and ruin the characters and reputations
Read John Gill on Psalms 64 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWho whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words: Who whet their tongue like a sword - (Psalms 57:4; Psalms 59:7.) Not mere common slanders; but those
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 64 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBend their bows to shoot their arrows; of which phrase See Poole "". Bitter words; slanderous and pernicious speeches against me.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 64 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 64:3 Who whet their tongue like a sword, [and] bend [their bows to shoot] their arrows, [even] bitter words:Ver. 3. Who whet their tongue like a sword] The tongue in its form resembleth a flaming sword, and being set on fire of hell, it woundeth deeply and dangerously. It is ordinary with David to compare aulicas criminationes cum armis castrensibus, court calumnies with warlike weapons, Psalms 5:6; Psalms 5:9-10 Psalms 11:5-6 Psalms 57:4. See there. And bend their bows to shoot their arrows] Heb. bend their arrow, that is, as Psalms 11:2, "they bend their bow, they make ready their arrow upon the string," &c. See a like phrase Jeremiah 9:3. Even bitter words] Virulent and venomous…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 64 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) For the figure in this and the following verse, see Psalms 10:7; Psalms 11:2; Psalms 52:2; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 59:7. “’Tis slander. Whose edge is sharper than the sword.” . For the ellipse in “they bend (literally, tread) their arrows,” see Psalms 58:7.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 64 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Who whet their tongue like a sword] They devise the evil they shall speak, and meditate on the most provoking, injurious, and defamatory words; as the soldier whets his sword that he may thereby the better cut down his enemies. Their arrows - bitter words] Their defamatory sayings are here represented as deadly as poisoned arrows; for to such is the allusion here made.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 64 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Who whet] R.V., who have whet. For the comparison see Psalms 55:21; Psalms 57:4; Psalms 59:7. and bend &c.] Render, They have aimed as their arrow a bitter scheme. For the peculiar phrase see Psalms 58:7. Dβbβr seems to mean scheme as in Psalms 64:5, rather than speech, or words. So the LXX πρᾶγμαπικρόν. Bitter = hurtful or venomous. Is the idea that of a poisoned arrow? The Targ. paraphrases, “They have anointed their arrows with deadly and bitter venom.”
Read Cambridge on Psalms 64 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWho whet their tongue like a sword - Who sharpen their tongue; that is, they utter words that will cut deep, or penetrate the soul.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 64 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
who sharpen their tongues like swords and aim their bitter words like arrows,
who sharpen their tongue like a sword, and aim their arrows, deadly words,
who sharpen their tongues like swords and aim their bitter words like arrows,
They sharpen their tongues like a sword; they aim their arrow, a slanderous charge,
Tyndale line
Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words:
Who have whet their tongue like a sword, And have aimed their arrows, even bitter words,
Who have whet their tongue like a sword, and have aimed their arrows, even bitter words:
Who whet their tongue like a sword, and bend their bows to shoot their arrows, even bitter words:
Which haue whette their tongue like a sword, and shot for their arrowes bitter wordes.
Strictly literal
Who have sharpened their tongue like a sword, [and] have aimed their arrow, a bitter word;
Who sharpened as a sword their tongue, They directed their arrow — a bitter word.
Who sharpened their tongue as a sword, || They directed their arrow—a bitter word.
(64:4) Who whet their tongue like a sword, who aim with their arrow, the bitter word:
They have sharpened their tongues like swords; they have aimed their arrows, bitter words,
From the Latin
O hear my prayer: all flesh shall come to thee.
Simplified
What they say cuts like swords; they fire off poisonous words like arrows.
Who make their tongues sharp like a sword, and whose arrows are pointed, even bitter words;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Psalms 64:3 states, "who sharpen their tongues like swords and aim their bitter words like arrows." The Septuagint, while not providing a direct translation, matches 6 of the 8 words in a word-by-word correspondence, indicating a degree of alignment with the Masoretic Text. However, the specific wording and structure differ, reflecting the unique style of the Septuagint. There are no significant differences noted in the Samaritan Pentateuch or the Dead Sea Scrolls for this verse, suggesting a strong consistency across these ancient witnesses.
אֲשֶׁ֤ר שָׁנְנ֣וּ כַחֶ֣רֶב לְשׁוֹנָ֑ם דָּרְכ֥וּ חִ֝צָּ֗ם דָּבָ֥ר מָֽר׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 64:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
שָׁנַן (shanan) primarily means to sharpen or whet. It can also refer to teaching incisively or being pierced, particularly in a figurative sense. The word appears in various forms, including Qal for sharpening and Piel for teaching. Notably, it is associated with a piercing feeling in the kidneys.
[שָׁנַן] vb. whet, sharpen
Qal whet, sharpen
Pi. teach the words incisively
Hithpō‛. in my kidneys I was pierced
base
H8150 [שָׁנַן] whet, sharpen .whet, sharpen
. teach the words incisively
. in my kidneys I was pierced
8150 shanan shaw-nan'
a primitive root; to point (transitive or intransitive);
intensively, to pierce; figuratively, to inculcate:--prick,
sharp(-en), teach diligently, whet.
שָׁנַן (sha.nan) — to sharpen.
1) to sharpen, whet
1a) (Qal) to whet, sharpen
1b) (Piel) to sharpen, teach (incisively)
1c)(Hithpolel) to be pierced
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
חֶ֫רֶב (chereb) means 'sword' and can also refer to other cutting instruments like knives and tools. It is derived from a root meaning 'drought,' highlighting its destructive nature. The term is used in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily to denote weapons.
חֶ֫רֶב 411 n.f. sword (as weapon)
base
H2719 חֶ֫רֶב sword (as weapon)
2719 chereb kheh'-reb
from 2717; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its
destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp
implement:--axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.
see HEBREW for 02717
חֶ֫רֶב (che.rev) — sword.
1) sword, knife
1a) sword
1b) knife
1c) tools for cutting stone
HRd/Ncfsa — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
sord.
See ARMOR, III, 5.
Sword
Of the Hebrew was pointed, sometimes two-edged, was worn in a sheath, and suspended from the girdle (Ex. 32:27; 1 Sam. 31:4; 1 Chr. 21:27; Ps. 149:6: Prov. 5:4; Ezek. 16:40; 21:3-5).
It is a symbol of divine chastisement (Deut. 32:25; Ps. 7:12; 78:62), and of a slanderous tongue (Ps. 57:4; 64:3; Prov. 12:18). The word of God is likened also to a…
[ARMS, ARMOR]
The Hebrew word לָשׁוֹן (*lashon*) primarily means 'tongue,' referring to both the organ of speech in humans and animals. It can also denote 'language' and has figurative uses, such as a 'tongue-shaped' wedge or bay. The entries highlight its literal and metaphorical applications, but do not present any significant disagreements among the lexicons.
לָשׁוֹן n.m. and (more oft.) f. tongue
tongue of men
= language
tongue of animals
tongue of fire
= (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
= (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
base
H3956 לָשׁוֹן tongue . tongue of men
. = language
. tongue of animals
. tongue of fire
. = (tongue-shaped) wedge of gold
. = (tongue-shaped) bay of sea
3956 lashown law-shone'
or lashon {law-shone'}; also (in plural) feminine lshonah
{lesh-o-naw'}; from 3960; the tongue (of man or animals), used
literally (as the instrument of licking, eating, or speech),
and figuratively (speech, an ingot, a fork of flame, a cove of
water):--+ babbler,bay, + evil speaker, language, talker,
tongue, wedge.
see HEBREW for 03960
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue.
: tongue/words
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: language.
: language
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
לָשׁוֹן (la.shon) — tongue: bar.
: bar/projection/bay
1) tongue
1a) tongue (of men)
1a1) tongue (literal)
1a2) tongue (organ of speech)
1b) language
1c) tongue (of animals)
1d) tongue (of fire)
1e) wedge, bay of sea (tongue-shaped)
HNcbsc/Sp3mp — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp3mp
דָּרַךְ (darakh) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tread or march. It encompasses a range of actions including walking, leading, and bending a bow. The word appears in various forms, such as Qal and Hiphil, indicating both simple and causative actions. Notably, it can refer to treading down or guiding others.
דָּרַךְ vb. tread, march
Qal
tread, march, march forth
tread upon
tread wine- (or oil-) press
tread (i.e. bend) the bow
Hiph.
tread, tread down
tread (bend) the bow
causat. cause to tread or march, lead
base
H1869 דָּרַךְ tread, march
1869 darak daw-rak'
a primitive root; to tread; by implication, to walk; also to
string a bow (by treading on it in bending):--archer, bend,
come, draw, go (over), guide, lead (forth), thresh, tread
(down), walk.
דָּרַךְ (da.rakh) — to tread.
1) to tread, bend, lead, march
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tread, march, march forth
1a2) to tread on, tread upon
1a3) to tread (a press)
1a4) to tread (bend) a bow
1a5) archer, bow-benders (participle)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to tread, tread down
1b2) to tread (bend with the foot) a bow
1b3) to cause to go, lead, march, tread
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
חֵץ (chets) means 'arrow,' primarily found in poetic and prophetic contexts. It is derived from a root meaning 'to pierce' and can imply a wound or refer to a thunderbolt in a figurative sense. The word also encompasses related terms like 'dart' and 'shaft,' indicating its use in various forms of weaponry.
חֵץ n.m. arrow, mostly poet. and proph.
base
H2671 חֵץ arrow, mostly poet. and proph.
2671 chets khayts
from 2686; properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by
implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; (by
interchange for 6086) the shaft of a spear:--+ archer, arrow,
dart, shaft, staff, wound.
see HEBREW for 02686
see HEBREW for 06086
חֵץ (chets) — arrow.
arrow
HNcmsc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
דָּבָר (dabar) means 'word' or 'speech' and encompasses a range of meanings including discourse, saying, and matter. It can refer to anything spoken or a topic of discussion, extending to concepts like business or affairs. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
דָּבָר 1439 n.m. speech, word
sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
sg. a word, words
sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
base
H1697 דָּבָר speech, word . sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
. sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
. sg. a word, words
. sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
1697 dabar daw-baw'
from 1696; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or
thing; adverbially, a cause:--act, advice, affair, answer, X
any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case,
cause, certain rate, + chronicles, commandment, X
commune(-ication), + concern(-ing), + confer, counsel, +
dearth, decree, deed, X disease, due, duty, effect, +
eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-)ness, + glory, + harm, hurt,
+ iniquity, + judgment, language, + lying, manner, matter,
message, (no) thing, oracle, X ought, X parts, + pertaining, +
please, portion, + power, promise, provision, purpose,
question, rate, reason, report, request, X (as hast) said,
sake, saying, sentence, + sign, + so, some (uncleanness),
somewhat to say, + song, speech, X spoken, talk, task, + that,
X there done, thing (concerning), thought, + thus, tidings,
what(-soever), + wherewith, which, word, work.
see HEBREW for 01696
דָּבָר (da.var) — word.
: word/speech/command
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: speaking.
: speaking
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: thing.
: thing/matter
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: promised.
: promised/duty
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: deed.
: deed
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wurd: The commonest term in the Old Testament for "word" is dabhar (also "matter" "thing"); in the New Testament logos ("reason," "discourse," "speech"); but also frequently rhema. Rhema is a "word" in itself considered; logos is a spoken word, with reference generally to that which is in the speaker's mind. Some of the chief applications of the terms may thus be exhibited:
(1) We have the word of Yahweh (or God; see below)
(a) as the revelation to the patriarch, prophet, or inspired person (Ge 15:1; Ex 20:1; Nu 22:38, etc.);
One of the titles of the second person of the Trinity, indicating perhaps that by his acts and teachings God is revealed, somewhat as thought is by words, 1Jo 1:1 5:7 Re 19:13. "The word of the Lord" was a common phrase in the Old Testament, always denoting some revelation of Jehovah. Long before the coming of Christ, the Jewish paraphrasts of the Bible used "The Word" in the passage where Jehovah occurred in the original; and the term was familiar to Jewish writers as the name of a divine being, the Son of God.
To show its true meaning and its application to our Savior, was of great importance to John, the last of the inspired writers, in whose later years certain errors as to the person of Christ, borrowed from Eastern philosophy, had begun to creep into the Christian church. He describes "The Word" as a personal and divine Being…
מַר (mar) means 'bitter' or 'bitterness' in Hebrew. It can describe the taste of food or water, as well as figurative uses related to pain or discontent. The word can function as both an adjective and a noun, and it can also be used adverbially to mean 'bitterly.'
מַר adj. and subst. bitter, bitterness
base
H4751 מַר bitter, bitterness
4751 mar mar
or (feminine) marah {maw-raw'}; from 4843; bitter (literally
or figuratively); also (as noun) bitterness, or (adverbially)
bitterly:--+ angry, bitter(-ly, -ness), chafed, discontented,
X great, heavy.
see HEBREW for 04843
מַר (mar) — bitter.
adj
1) bitter, bitterness
1a) of water or food
1b) of harlot's end, end of wickedness, cry (fig.)
1c) of pain (subst)
adv
2) bitterly
HAamsa — HAamsa
Bitter
Bitterness is symbolical of affliction, misery, and servitude (Ex. 1:14; Ruth 1:20; Jer. 9:15). The Chaldeans are called the “bitter and hasty nation” (Hab. 1:6). The “gall of bitterness” expresses a state of great wickedness (Acts 8:23). A “root of bitterness” is a wicked person or a dangerous sin (Heb. 12:15).
The Passover was to be eaten with “bitter herbs” (Ex. 12:8; Num. 9:11). The kind of herbs so designated is not known. Probably they were…