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Psalms 89:8 — Word Study

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WLCיְהוָ֤ה׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־ כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין׀ יָ֑הּ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃

BSAsurrounds Youçâbîyb [encompasses, encircles]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 89
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (se.vi.vo.Tei.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 89:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist addresses Yahweh, proclaiming His unmatched might and the encompassing nature of His faithfulness.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on God's greatness.
Where we areA declaration of God's sovereignty and faithfulness in the context of divine worship.
The hard wordחֲסִ֥ין
Take awayYahweh's faithfulness is a protective and surrounding force.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectסוֹד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 89:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Greatness of Godgenerated

7In the council of the holy ones, God is greatly feared, and awesome above all who surround Him.
8O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You? O mighty LORD, Your faithfulness surrounds You.
9You rule the raging sea; when its waves mount up, You still them.
10You crushed Rahab like a carcass; You scattered Your enemies with Your mighty arm.

Psalm 89:8 emphasizes the uniqueness of Yahweh as the God of Hosts, highlighting His unmatched power and faithfulness. This verse is part of a larger psalm that praises God's sovereignty and His relationship with His people, acknowledging His might in the face of creation and chaos. The psalmist reflects on God's role as a protector and ruler, which is further illustrated in the surrounding verses that affirm His authority over nature and His enemies.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 84:12O LORD of Hosts, how blessed is the man who trusts in You!
2Joshua 22:22“The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! The LORD, the Mighty One, is God! He knows, and may Israel also know. If this was in rebellion or breach of faith against the LORD, do not spare us today.
3Isaiah 28:22So now, do not mock, or your shackles will become heavier. Indeed, I have heard from the Lord GOD of Hosts a decree of destruction against the whole land.
4Psalm 89:13Mighty is Your arm; strong is Your hand. Your right hand is exalted.
5Psalm 24:8Who is this King of Glory? The LORD strong and mighty, the LORD mighty in battle.

The Key Word יְהוָ֤ה׀, Yah.wehgenerated

The name יְהוָה (Yahweh) signifies the self-existent God, often translated as 'the Lord.' It is a proper name for the God of Israel, indicating His eternal nature and relationship with His people. This name is foundational in the Jewish faith and appears frequently throughout the Old Testament.

In this verse, יְהוָה emphasizes God's sovereignty and authority as the one who commands the heavenly hosts. The psalmist uses this name to invoke God's presence and power, setting the stage for the rhetorical question that follows.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse contains two main clauses: the first addresses Yahweh and His unmatched nature, while the second highlights His faithfulness. The structure emphasizes the relationship between the two ideas, with the first clause setting up a rhetorical question about God's uniqueness.

The subject of the rhetorical question is מִֽי־ (who?), which directly engages the audience in considering the greatness of God compared to any other. The predicate חֲסִ֥ין (mighty) reinforces this assertion.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יְהוָה as θεὸς (Theos), indicating a broader understanding of divinity that encompasses the concept of God as supreme. This choice reflects the translators' intent to convey Yahweh's authority in a context familiar to Greek-speaking audiences.

The Greek rendering of חֲסִ֥ין as φοβερὸς (fearsome) suggests an interpretation that emphasizes not only might but also the awe that God inspires, aligning with the overall theme of reverence in the psalm.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 89:8 asks who is like Yahweh, the God of Hosts, emphasizing His might and the faithfulness that surrounds Him. This verse highlights God's unique power and unwavering reliability, inviting reflection on His unmatched nature.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God is the God of Hosts?

It signifies that God commands heavenly armies and has authority over all creation.

Why does the psalmist ask, 'who is like You?'

This rhetorical question emphasizes God's uniqueness and unmatched power compared to any other being.

What is the significance of God's faithfulness surrounding Him?

It indicates that God's trustworthiness and reliability are integral to His nature, providing protection and assurance.

How does this verse relate to the themes of the entire psalm?

It reflects the overarching themes of God's sovereignty, power, and faithfulness, which are central to the psalmist's praise.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see God's faithfulness surrounding me in my life?
  2. How can I better understand and appreciate the uniqueness of God compared to other influences in my life?
  3. What does it mean for me to recognize God as the God of Hosts in my daily challenges?
  4. How can I express my awe and reverence for God's might in my worship?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss God's power and faithfulness. Here, Augustine of Hippo quotes it to emphasize God's truth surrounding Him.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 89 354–430
"O Lord God of Hosts, who is like You? Your truth, most mighty Lord, is on every side" [Psalms 89:8].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 89 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 89:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

O Lord God of hosts,.... Of all the hosts of heaven, the sun, moon, and stars, and of all the heavenly hosts of angels, of all the armies in heaven, and the inhabitants of the earth: who is a strong Lord like unto thee?

Read John Gill on Psalms 89 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 89 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Who is a strong Lord like unto thee? who is equal to thee in power, or, as it follows, in faithfulness? To thy faithfulness round about thee, Heb. and thy faithfulness is round about thee, like a girdle adorning and encompassing thee. It appeareth in all thy paths and actions, in thy words and works.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 89 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 89:8 O LORD God of hosts, who [is] a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee?Ver. 8. Who is a strong Lord, like unto thee] Heb. Who is like thee, mighty Jah? This is to magnify God, when we get above all creatures, in our conceptions of him. Or to thy faithfulness round about thee?] To those that are round about thee; or, thou art full of faithfulness.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 89 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8-13) Not only is God incomparable in heaven, He is also the only mighty and lofty one in nature or history.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 89 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. O Lord God of hosts] Thou who hast all armies at thy command, and canst serve thyself by every part of thy creation, whether animate or inanimate. Who is a strong Lord] See Psalms 89:6. Thy faithfulness round about thee?] Or, more properly, thy faithfulness is round about thee. Thou still keepest thy promises in view. God's truth leads him to fulfil his promises: they stand round his throne as the faithful servants of an eastern monarch stand round their master, waiting for the moment of their dismission to perform his will.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 89 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5–18. The adoring recital of God’s attributes which follows here has a twofold purpose in relation to the subject of the Psalm. It is a plea with God, and it is an encouragement to Israel. His omnipotence guarantees His ability, His faithfulness is the pledge of His will, to perform His promises to David.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 89 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

O Lord God of hosts - See the notes at Isaiah 1:9; Psalms 24:10. God, commanding the armies of heaven; leading forth the stars; controlling all forces - all powers. Who is a strong Lord like unto thee?

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 89 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You? O mighty LORD, Your faithfulness surrounds You.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Yahweh, God of Armies, who is a mighty one, like you? Yah, your faithfulness is around you.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You? O mighty LORD, Your faithfulness surrounds You.

NETBNew English Translation2006

O Lord, sovereign God! Who is strong like you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like unto thee? or to thy faithfulness round about thee?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

O Jehovah God of hosts, Who is a mighty one, like unto thee, O Jehovah? And thy faithfulness is round about thee.

RVARevised Version, American1894

O LORD God of hosts, who is a mighty one, like unto thee, O JAH? and thy faithfulness is round about thee.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

O LORD God of hosts, who is a strong LORD like to thee? or to thy faithfulness around thee?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

O Lord God of hostes, who is like vnto thee, which art a mightie Lord, and thy trueth is about thee?

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Jehovah, God of hosts, who is like unto thee, the strong Jah? And thy faithfulness is round about thee.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

O Jehovah, God of Hosts, Who [is] like Thee — a strong Jah? And Thy faithfulness [is] round about Thee.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

O YHWH, God of Hosts, || Who [is] like You—a strong YAH? And Your faithfulness [is] around You.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(89:9) O Lord God of hosts, who is powerful, like thee, Eternal! and thy faithfulness is round about thee.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Yahweh God of hosts, who is strong like you, Yahweh? Your truthfulness surrounds you.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Thou hast set our iniquities before thy eyes: our life in the light of thy countenance.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Lord God Almighty, who is as powerful as you? In all this, Lord, you are completely trustworthy.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

O Lord God of armies, who is strong like you, O Jah? and your unchanging faith is round about you.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclausenoun phraseיְהוָ֤הO.Yahwehnoun phraseאֱלֹ֘הֵ֤יGodצְבָא֗וֹתof.hostsclausesubjectמִֽיwho?prepositional phrase · prepositionalכָֽמ֖וֹlikeךָyoupredicateחֲסִ֥ין[is].mightyclauseיָ֑הּO.Yahwehוֶ֝andclausenoun phrase · subjectאֱמֽוּנָתְfaithfulnessךָ֗yournoun phrase · predicateסְבִיבוֹתֶֽי[is].aroundךָyou

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text of Psalms 89:8 reads, 'O LORD God of Hosts, who is like You? O mighty LORD, Your faithfulness surrounds You.' The Septuagint, while it matches 9 of the 9 words from the Masoretic Text in a word-by-word correspondence, presents a different sentence structure and may include articles that are not present in the Hebrew text. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variations for this verse, so the primary difference lies in the translation and arrangement of words in the Septuagint compared to the Masoretic Text.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יְהוָ֤ה׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־ כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין׀ יָ֑הּ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יְהוָ֤ה׀θεὸςאֱלֹ֘הֵ֤יἐνδοχαζόμενοςצְבָא֗וֹתἐνמִֽי־βουλῇכָֽמ֖וֹךָμέγαςחֲסִ֥ין׀καὶיָ֑הּφοβερὸςוֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗πάνταςסְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃αὐτοῦ

9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 89:8יהוהO YahwehO YahwehיהוהאֱלֹהִיםGod ofGod ofאֱלֹהִיםצָבָאhostshostsצָבָאמִיwho?who?מִיכְּמוֹlike youlike youכְּמוֹחֲסִין[is] mighty[is] mightyחֲסִיןיָהּO YahwehO Yahwehיָהּאֱמוּנָהand faithfuand faithfulnesאֱמוּנָהסָבִיב[is] around[is] around youסָבִיבהָיָהto beto beהָיָהצָבָאto serveto serveצָבָאחסןto hoardto hoardחסןסָבַבto turn: tto turn: turnסָבַבאֱלֹהַּgodgodאֱלֹהַּמָהwhat?what?מָהכֵּןrightrightכֵּןיהוהThe LordThe Lordיהוהאֵמֻןfaithfulfaithfulאֵמֻןנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאאַחֵרanotheranotherאַחֵראֲרוֹןarkarkאֲרוֹןכֹּהthusthusכֹּהיָעַדto appointto appointיָעַדכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶרזִמְרָהsongsongזִמְרָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 89:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
יְהוָ֤ה׀Yah.weh O Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpt — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י'e.Lo.Hei God of H430 Noun common · masculine plural construct
2,603× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
God
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.

pl. in number.

rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

angels

gods

pl. intensive

god or goddess

godlike one

works of God, or things belongng to him

God

הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

אֱלֹהִים = God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

. angels

. gods

. pl. intensive . god or goddess

. godlike one

. works of God, or things belongng to him

. God

. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

. אֱלֹהִים = God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

430 'elohiym el-o-heem'

plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically

used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the

supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to

magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X

exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X

mighty.

see HEBREW for 0433

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.

This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.

Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.

Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
צְבָא֗וֹתtze.va.'ot hosts H6635 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
485× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a large group of people or things, often referring to an army or a campaign, and is also used to describe the Lord's hosts. It appears in the Bible as a name for God, emphasizing His power and authority. In the KJV, it's translated as 'host' or 'army'.
Tyndale gloss
army
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צָבָא (*tsaba'*) primarily means 'army' or 'warfare,' encompassing organized groups for battle, divine hosts, and even celestial bodies. It can also refer to service or duty in a military context. The term appears in various forms, including צְבָאוֹת (*tsaba'ot*), which denotes the 'hosts' of the Lord, particularly in relation to God's role in warfare.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָבָא 485 n.m. army, war, warfare

army, host

war, warfare, service

service

צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6635a צָבָא army, war, warfare . army, host

. war, warfare, service

. service

H6635b צְבָאוֹת army, war, warfare . army, host

. war, warfare, service

. service

. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6635 tsaba' tsaw-baw'

or (feminine) tsbadah {tseb-aw-aw'}; from 6633; a mass of

persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized

for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or

figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship):--appointed

time, (+) army, (+) battle, company, host, service, soldiers,

waiting upon, war(-fare).

see HEBREW for 06633

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army.

: army

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

צָבָא (tsa.va) — Hosts.

The Hosts (of the Lord)

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: war.

: war

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: duty.

: duty

1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host

1a) army, host

1a1) host (of organised army)

1a2) host (of angels)

1a3) of sun, moon, and stars

1a4) of whole creation

1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war

1c) service

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
מִֽי־mi- who? H4310 Pronoun
423× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is used to ask questions like who, whose, or whom. It can also be used to express a wish, like would that or whoever. It appears in many forms throughout the Bible, often in phrases like O that or what.
Tyndale gloss
who?
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִי (mi) is an interrogative pronoun primarily used to ask about persons, meaning 'who?' or 'whose?'. It can also appear in rhetorical questions and has some idiomatic uses, such as 'who among...?' or 'whosoever'. The word is rarely applied to things, and its forms can vary in emphasis.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִי 423 pron.interrog. who? of persons

מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied

in the gen. whose

in an indirect qu.

מִי ב׳ who among … ?

strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.

various rhetorical uses whose

מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it

once, following a verb, any one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4310 מִי who? of persons . מִי is rarely used of things, and usually where persons are understood or implied

. in the gen. whose

. in an indirect qu.

. מִי ב׳ who among … ?

. strengthened and emph. forms of interrog.

. various rhetorical uses whose

. מִי may sometimes be rendered whosoever, though, as the examples will shew, it does not really mean it

. once, following a verb, any one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4310 miy me

an interrogative pronoun of persons, as 4100 is of things,

who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also

(indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction

with prefix or suffix:--any (man), X he, X him, + O that!

what, which, who(-m, -se, -soever), + would to God.

see HEBREW for 04100

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִי (mi) — who?.

who?, whose?, whom?, would that, whoever, whosoever

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HPi — Pronoun
HPi
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
כָֽמ֖וֹךָkha.Mo.kha like you H3644 Preposition · suffix
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp2ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp2ms
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
חֲסִ֥ין׀cha.Sin [is] mighty H2626 Noun common · both singular absolute
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word describes someone or something that is strong and mighty, like a powerful warrior in 2 Samuel 1:19. It emphasizes firmness and strength, as seen in the KJV translation as strong.
Tyndale gloss
mighty
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֲסִין (chaciyn) means strong or mighty, derived from a root that implies firmness. The term is noted as an Aramaism and appears only in Psalm 89:9. The lexicons agree on its meaning and usage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֲסִין adj. strong, mighty (Aramaism);—only ψ 89:9.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2626 חֲסִין strong, mighty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2626 chaciyn khas-een'

from 2630; properly, firm, i.e. (by implication)

mighty:--strong.

see HEBREW for 02630

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֲסִין (cha.sin) — mighty.

strong, mighty

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absolute
HNcbsa
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
יָ֑הּYah O Yahweh H3050 Noun proper masculine
50× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jah is a shortened form of the name LORD, used in many compounds, such as names ending in -iah or -jah. It appears in the Bible as a way to refer to God.
Tyndale gloss
LORD
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָהּ (Yahh) is a shortened form of יהוה (YHWH), meaning 'LORD.' It appears in early Hebrew poetry and is often found in names ending with '-iah' or '-jah.' The entries confirm its use as a sacred name, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָהּ 60 n.pr.dei contr. fr. יהוה, first appears in early poems

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3050 יָהּ n. pr. dei contr. fr. יהוה, first appears in early poems

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3050 Yahh yaw

contraction for 3068, and meaning the same; Jah, the sacred

name:--Jah, the Lord, most vehement. Compare names in "-iah,"

"- jah."

see HEBREW for 03068

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָהּ (yah) — LORD.

A shortened form of the name ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

used in many compounds as the letters 'Je' or 'jah'

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpm — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ve.'e.mu.na.te.kha and faithfulness your H530 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for faithfulness, meaning firmness, security, or fidelity. It describes being steady and trustworthy, as seen in the KJV translations of faith, stability, and truth. This concept is essential in the Bible, particularly in relationships and commitments.
Tyndale gloss
faithfulness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֱמוּנָה (*emuwnah*) is built from the root of H529, indicating concepts of firmness and steadfastness. It encompasses meanings such as fidelity, trust, and stability. The entries consistently highlight its moral implications, particularly in relation to faithfulness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱמוּנָה n.f. firmness, steadfastness, fidelity

lit. firmness, steadiness

steadfastness

faithfulness, trust

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H530 אֱמוּנָה firmness, steadfastness, fidelity . lit. firmness, steadiness

. steadfastness

. faithfulness, trust

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

530 'emuwnah em-oo-naw'); or (shortened) >emunah {em-oo-naw'

feminine of 529; literally firmness; figuratively security;

morally fidelity:--faith(-ful, -ly, -ness, (man)), set

office, stability, steady, truly, truth, verily.

see HEBREW for 0529

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱמוּנָה (e.mu.nah) — faithfulness.

firmness, fidelity, steadfastness, steadiness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
O Yahweh God of hosts who? like you [is] mighty O Yahweh and faithfulness your [is] around you
סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃se.vi.vo.Tei.kha [is] around you H5439 Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
336× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes something that surrounds or encompasses, like a circle or neighborhood, and can also mean around or about, as in on every side. It is used to describe physical locations and proximity. The KJV translates it as about or circuit.
Amplified meaning
encompasses, encircles
Tyndale gloss
around
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סָבִיב (cabiyb) primarily means 'around' and is used as a noun, adverb, and preposition. It denotes a circle, neighbors, or the surrounding area, often implying a sense of being on every side or in a circuit. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in contexts of proximity and encirclement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סָבִיב 336 subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5439 סָבִיב subst., used mostly as adv. and prep., circuit, round about

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5439 cabiyb saw-beeb'

or (feminine) cbiybah {seb-ee-baw'}; from 5437; (as noun) a

circle, neighbour, or environs; but chiefly (as adverb, with

or without preposition) around:--(place, round) about,

circuit, compass, on every side.

see HEBREW for 05437

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around.

: around/border

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: side.

: side

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: whole.

: whole

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

סָבִיב (sa.viv) — around: neighours.

: neighours

subst

1) places round about, circuit, round about

adv

2) in a circuit, a circuit, round about

prep

3) in the circuit, from every side

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cp | Suff — Noun common feminine plural construct · suffix
HNcfpc/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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