Psalms 89:9 — Word Study
WLCאַתָּ֣ה מ֭וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֝לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃
BSAThe LordYᵉhôvâh Godʼĕlôhîym armytsâbâʼ who?mîy likekᵉmôw mightychăçîyn△ LORDYâhh faithfulnessʼĕmûwnâh aroundçâbîyb
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אַתָּ֣ה | you | Pronoun |
| מ֭וֹשֵׁל | [are] ruling | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| בְּגֵא֣וּת | over [the] swelling of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| הַיָּ֑ם | the sea | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בְּשׂ֥וֹא | when rise up | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| גַ֝לָּ֗יו | waves its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אַתָּ֥ה | you | Pronoun |
| תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃ | you calm them | Verb piel imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | You rule the raging sea; when its waves mount up, You still them. |
| KJV | Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them. |
| ASV | Thou rulest the pride of the sea: When the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them. |
| YLT | Thou [art] ruler over the pride of the sea, In the lifting up of its billows Thou dost restrain them. |
| WEB | You rule the pride of the sea. When its waves rise up, you calm them. |
| BBE | You have rule over the sea in storm; when its waves are troubled, you make them calm. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of God's rule over the sea.
One main clause with two subordinate phrases that describe the conditions and actions regarding the sea.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיהוה
verbאֱלֹהִים
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 89:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Sovereignty Over Creationgenerated
Psalm 89:9 speaks of God’s rule over the raging sea, illustrating His unmatched power and authority. This verse is nestled within a psalm that reflects on God's faithfulness and strength, emphasizing His ability to control nature. The surrounding verses further extol God's might, as seen in Psalm 89:8 and Psalm 89:10, where the psalmist acknowledges God’s supremacy over all creation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 29:10 | The LORD sits enthroned over the flood; the LORD is enthroned as King forever. |
| 2 | Psalm 65:7 | You stilled the roaring of the seas, the pounding of their waves, and the tumult of the nations. |
| 3 | Psalm 66:5–6 | Come and see the works of God; how awesome are His deeds toward mankind. |
| 4 | Psalm 93:3–4 | The floodwaters have risen, O LORD; the rivers have raised their voice; the seas lift up their pounding waves. |
| 5 | Psalm 107:25–29 | For He spoke and raised a tempest that lifted the waves of the sea. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מ֭וֹשֵׁל, Mo.o.shelgenerated
The word מ֭וֹשֵׁל (Mo.o.shel) is a participle derived from the root מָשַׁל (mashal), meaning to rule or have dominion. It indicates an active ruling authority, emphasizing God's direct control over the forces of nature.
In this verse, it conveys God's sovereignty over the tumultuous sea, portraying Him as the ultimate authority who governs even the most chaotic elements of creation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the word rule, aligning with the KJV and ASV that also emphasize God's ruling authority over the sea.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is מ֭וֹשֵׁל, you rule, which governs the subject אַתָּ֣ה and is followed by phrases that describe the sea and its waves. The structure emphasizes God's authority as the subject performs the action of ruling.
The phrase בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם describes the sea's state, while the second part of the verse indicates the action of calming the waves, showcasing the contrast between chaos and divine peace.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מ֭וֹשֵׁל as θεὸς (Theos), which emphasizes God's divine nature and authority. This choice reflects a broader understanding of God's role as not just a ruler but as the divine being who commands creation.
This rendering highlights the theological implications of God's sovereignty, linking His rule over nature to His identity as God.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 89:9 expresses that God rules over the turbulent sea, showing His power to calm its waves when they rise. This verse is part of a psalm that praises God's faithfulness and strength, illustrating His authority over all creation.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies God's supreme authority over nature, demonstrating that even the most chaotic forces are under His control.
This verse portrays God as a powerful ruler who can bring peace and calm to tumultuous situations, reflecting His sovereignty and care for creation.
The sea often represents chaos and danger in biblical literature, making God's control over it a powerful symbol of His ability to bring order and peace.
Other verses, such as Psalm 29:10 and Psalm 93:3-4, also highlight God's authority over natural elements.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to recognize God's authority and control?
- How can I trust God to bring peace in chaotic situations?
- What does it mean for me to acknowledge God's sovereignty over creation?
- How can I reflect God's peace to others in times of turmoil?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators, such as Augustine, reference this verse to discuss God's sovereignty and faithfulness, illustrating the psalmist's themes.
...For you have heard, like men accustomed to the watering of the clouds of God, "Your truth" then "is in the circuit of You." But when without persecutions, when without opposition, since it is said,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 89 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 89:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThou rulest the raging of the sea,.... The power, pride, and elation of it, when it swells, and foams, and rages, and becomes boisterous, and threatens vessels upon it with utter ruin and
Read John Gill on Psalms 89 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the heavens shall praise thy wonders, O LORD: thy faithfulness also in the congregation of the saints.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 89 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleGiving commands and setting bounds to its waves when they are most impetuous and unruly.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 89 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 89:9 Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.Ver. 9. Thou rulest the raging of the sea] That it overwhelm not the earth: this work of God’ s power is often celebrated, as well it may, all things considered.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 89 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8-13) Not only is God incomparable in heaven, He is also the only mighty and lofty one in nature or history.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 89 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Thou rulest the raging of the sea] Whoever has seen the sea in a storm, when its waves run what is called mountain high, must acknowledge that nothing but omnipotent power could rule its raging. When the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.] Thou governest both its flux and reflux. Thou art the Author of storms and calms. There may be a reference here to the passage of the Red Sea, and the strong wind that agitated its waves at that time; as the next verse seems to indicate.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 89 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5–18. The adoring recital of God’s attributes which follows here has a twofold purpose in relation to the subject of the Psalm. It is a plea with God, and it is an encouragement to Israel. His omnipotence guarantees His ability, His faithfulness is the pledge of His will, to perform His promises to David.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 89 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThou rulest the raging of the sea - The pride; the anger; the lifting up of the sea.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 89 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
You rule the raging sea; when its waves mount up, You still them.
You rule the pride of the sea. When its waves rise up, you calm them.
You rule the raging sea; when its waves mount up, You still them.
You rule over the proud sea. When its waves surge, you calm them.
Tyndale line
Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.
Thou rulest the pride of the sea: When the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.
Thou rulest the pride of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them.
Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when its waves arise, thou stillest them.
Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waues thereof arise, thou stillest them.
Strictly literal
Thou rulest the pride of the sea: when its waves arise, thou stillest them.
Thou [art] ruler over the pride of the sea, In the lifting up of its billows Thou dost restrain them.
You [are] ruler over the pride of the sea, || In the lifting up of its billows You restrain them.
(89:10) Thou rulest over the pride of the sea: when its waves are lifted up, thou assuagest them.
You rule the raging sea; when the waves surge, you calm them.
From the Latin
For all our days are spent; and in thy wrath we have fainted away. Our years shall be considered as a spider:
Simplified
You rule the restless seas; you calm their stormy waves.
You have rule over the sea in storm; when its waves are troubled, you make them calm.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct correspondence to the Hebrew text. Both witnesses affirm God's ruling authority over the sea and His ability to calm its waves.
אַתָּ֣ה מ֭וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֝לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 89:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַתָּ֫ה (attah) is a second-person pronoun in Hebrew, used to address someone directly. It has masculine and feminine forms: אַתָּה for singular masculine, אַתְּ for singular feminine, אַתֶּם for plural masculine, and אַתֵּן for plural feminine. The entries indicate variations in form and usage, reflecting the pronoun's grammatical complexity.
אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה pron. 2 s. m. thou
base
אתי, i.e. אתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.)
base
אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pron. 2 s. f. thou (fem.)
base
אַתֶּם pron. 2 m. pl. you (masc.)
base
אַתֵּן pron. 2 f. pl. you (fem.)
base
H859a אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה pron. 2 s. m. thou H859b אתי, i.e. אתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.) H859c אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pron. 2 s. f. thou (fem.) H859d אַתֶּם pron. 2 m. pl. you (masc.) H859e אַתֵּן pron. 2 f. pl. you (fem.)
859 'attah at-taw'
or (shortened); aatta {at-taw'}; or wath {ath}; feminine
(irregular) sometimes nattiy {at-tee'}; plural masculine attem
{at- tem'}; feminine atten {at-ten'}; or oattenah
{at-tay'naw}; or fattennah {at-tane'-naw}; a primitive pronoun
of the second person; thou and thee, or (plural) ye and
you:--thee, thou, ye, you.
אַתָּ֫ה (at.tah) — you(m.s.).
you (second pers. sing. masc.)
אתִּי (ti) — you(f.s.).
you (second pers. sing. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
אַתְּ (at.te) — you(f.s.).
you (second pers. sing. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
אַתֶּם (at.tem) — you(m.p.).
you (second pers. pl. masc.)
Aramaic equivalent: an.tun (אַנְתּוּן "you" H0608)
אַתֵּן (at.ten) — you(f.p.).
you (second pers. pl. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
HPp2ms — PronounHPp2ms
מָשַׁל (mashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rule or have dominion. It can refer to human authority, the dominion of heavenly bodies, or God's sovereignty. The word has a Qal form indicating direct rule and a Hiphil form that implies causing someone to rule or exercising dominion.
מָשַׁל vb. rule, have dominion, reign
Qal
human subj., rule, have dominion over
of heavenly bodies
of God
Hiph. cause to rule; exercise dominion
base
H4910 מָשַׁל rule, have dominion, reign .. human subj., rule, have dominion over
. of heavenly bodies
. of God
. cause to rule; exercise dominion
4910 mashal maw-shal'
a primitive root; to rule:--(have, make to have) dominion,
governor, X indeed, reign, (bear, cause to, have)
rule(-ing, -r), have power.
מָשַׁל (ma.shal) — to rule.
1) to rule, have dominion, reign
1a) (Qal) to rule, have dominion
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to rule
1b2) to exercise dominion
HVqrmsa — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
גֵּאוּת (ge'uwth) refers to concepts of majesty and pride, derived from the root words for lifting up and excellent things. It encompasses a range of meanings including the majesty of God, a rising up, and even pride. The entries highlight its use in describing both divine attributes and human qualities.
גֵּאוּת n.f. majesty
lifting up
majesty of God
pride
base
H1348 גֵּאוּת majesty
1348 ge'uwth gay-ooth'
from 1342; the same as 1346:--excellent things, lifting up,
majesty, pride, proudly, raging.
see HEBREW for 01342
see HEBREW for 01346
גֵּאוּת (ge.ut) — majesty.
1) majesty
1a) a rising up (of column of smoke)
1b) a swelling (of sea)
1c) majesty (of God)
1d) pride
HR/Ncfsc — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
HTd/Ncmsa — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
se (yam; thalassa; in Ac 27:5 pelagos): The Mediterranean is called ha-yam ha-gadhol, "the great sea" (Nu 34:6; Jos 1:4; Eze 47:10, etc.); ha-yam ha-'acharon, "the hinder," or "western sea" (De 11:24; 34:2; Joe 2:20; Zec 14:8); yam pelishtim, "the sea of the Philis" (Ex 23:31); the King James Version translates yam yapho' in Ezr 3:7 by "sea of Joppa," perhaps rightly.
The sea, yam , is used in Scripture to denote-- "The gathering of the waters," "the Ocean." (Genesis 1:2,10; 30:13) etc. Some portion of this, as the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder," the "western" and the "utmost" sea, (11:24; 34:2; Joel 2:20) "sea of the Philistines," (Exodus 23:31) "the great sea," (Numbers 36:6,7; Joshua 15:47) "the sea." Genesis49:13; Psal 80:11 Also frequently of the Red Sea. (Exodus 15:4) [RED SEA SEA] Inland lakes termed seas, as the Salt or Dead Sea. [See the special article] Any…
The Hebrews give the name of sea to any large collection of water, Job 14:11; as to the lakes of Tiberias and Asphaltites, and also to the rivers Nile and Euphrates, Isa 11:15 18:2 21:1 Jer 51:36,42. The principal seas mentioned in Scripture are the following:
1. The GREAT SEA, the Mediterranean, called also the Hinder or Western Sea. Indeed, the Hebrew word for sea, meaning the Mediterranean, is often put for the west. The Great Sea is 2,200 miles long, and in the widest part 1,200 miles in width. In many places it is so deep as to give no soundings. It is little affected by tides, but is often agitated by violent winds. The prevailing direction of the wind in spring is from the southeast and southwest and from the northeast…
→ Creation of Ge 1:9,10; Ps 95:5; 148:4,5
→ Lake Galilee calmed by Jesus Mt 8:24-26; Mr 4:37-39
→ Jesus walked upon Lake Galilee Mt 14:25-31
The Hebrew word נָשָׂא (nasa') means to lift, carry, or take, encompassing a wide range of applications both literal and figurative. It can refer to actions like bearing burdens, taking away, or being exalted. The entries indicate various forms and uses, including the ability to lift oneself up or cause others to bear iniquity. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
נָשָׂא 656 vb. lift, carry, take
Qal
lift, lift up
Bear, carry
Take, take away
Niph.
be lifted up
refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment
be borne, carried
be taken away, carried off
Pi.
lift up = exalt
fig. = desire, long
carry, bear continuously
take, take away
Hithp. lift oneself up
Hiph.
cause one to bear iniquity
appar. cause to bring, have brought
base
H5375 נָשָׂא lift, carry, take .. lift, lift up
. Bear, carry
. Take, take away
. . be lifted up
. refl. lift oneself up = rise up, of י׳, to display power in judgment
. be borne, carried
. be taken away, carried off
. . lift up = exalt
. fig. = desire, long
. carry, bear continuously
. take, take away
. lift oneself up
. . cause one to bear iniquity
. appar. cause to bring, have brought
5375 nasa' naw-saw'
or nacah (Psalm 4 : 6 (7)) {naw-saw'}; a primitive root; to
lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and
figurative, absol. and rel. (as follows):--accept, advance,
arise, (able to, (armor), suffer to) bear(-er, up), bring
(forth), burn, carry (away), cast, contain, desire, ease,
exact, exalt (self), extol, fetch, forgive, furnish, further,
give, go on, help, high, hold up, honorable (+ man), lade,
lay, lift (self) up, lofty, marry, magnify, X needs, obtain,
pardon, raise (up), receive, regard, respect, set (up), spare,
stir up, + swear, take (away, up), X utterly, wear, yield.
see HEBREW for 04
see HEBREW for 06
see HEBREW for 07
נָשָׂא (na.sa) — to lift: raise.
: raise/take_up
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up
1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure
1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted
1b2) to lift oneself up, rise up
1b3) to be borne, be carried
1b4) to be taken away, be carried off, be swept away
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to lift up, exalt, support, aid, assist
1c2) to desire, long (fig.)
1c3) to carry, bear continuously
1c4) to take, take away
1d) (Hithpael) to lift oneself up, exalt oneself
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to cause one to bear (iniquity)
1e2) to cause to bring, have brought
נָשָׂא (na.sa) — to lift: bear.
: look/lift(eyes)
1) to lift, bear up, carry, take
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lift, lift up
1a2) to bear, carry, support, sustain, endure
1a3) to take, take away, carry off, forgive
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be lifted up, be exalted
HR/Vqcc — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
גַּל (gal) refers to a heap or pile, often of stones or dung, and can also denote waves or billows, particularly in a poetic context. It is derived from a root meaning something rolled and can signify a spring of water. The word is used in various contexts, including the ratification of covenants and metaphorically to describe the chastisement of Jehovah.
גַּל n.m. heap, wave, billow
heap of stones
waves (rollers) poet.
spring
base
H1530 גַּל heap, wave, billow
1530 gal gal
from 1556; something rolled, i.e. a heap of stone or dung
(plural ruins), by analogy, a spring of water (plural
waves):--billow, heap, spring, wave.
see HEBREW for 01556
גַּל (gal) — heap.
: heap/pile
1) heap, spring, wave, billow
1a) heap (of stones)
1a1) over dead body
1a2) alone
1a3) used in ratifying a covenant
1b) waves (fig. of chastisement of Jehovah)
1c) spring
Also means: gal (גַּל ": wave" H1530H)
גַּל (gal) — heap: wave.
: wave
1) heap, spring, wave, billow
1a) heap (of stones)
1a1) over dead body
1a2) alone
1a3) used in ratifying a covenant
1b) waves (fig. of chastisement of Jehovah)
1c) spring
HNcmpc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3ms
אַתָּ֫ה (attah) is a second-person pronoun in Hebrew, used to address someone directly. It has masculine and feminine forms: אַתָּה for singular masculine, אַתְּ for singular feminine, אַתֶּם for plural masculine, and אַתֵּן for plural feminine. The entries indicate variations in form and usage, reflecting the pronoun's grammatical complexity.
אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה pron. 2 s. m. thou
base
אתי, i.e. אתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.)
base
אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pron. 2 s. f. thou (fem.)
base
אַתֶּם pron. 2 m. pl. you (masc.)
base
אַתֵּן pron. 2 f. pl. you (fem.)
base
H859a אַתָּ֫ה, אָ֑תָּה pron. 2 s. m. thou H859b אתי, i.e. אתִּי, the older & more original form of אַתְּ thou (fem.) H859c אַתְּ, אָ֑תְּ pron. 2 s. f. thou (fem.) H859d אַתֶּם pron. 2 m. pl. you (masc.) H859e אַתֵּן pron. 2 f. pl. you (fem.)
859 'attah at-taw'
or (shortened); aatta {at-taw'}; or wath {ath}; feminine
(irregular) sometimes nattiy {at-tee'}; plural masculine attem
{at- tem'}; feminine atten {at-ten'}; or oattenah
{at-tay'naw}; or fattennah {at-tane'-naw}; a primitive pronoun
of the second person; thou and thee, or (plural) ye and
you:--thee, thou, ye, you.
אַתָּ֫ה (at.tah) — you(m.s.).
you (second pers. sing. masc.)
אתִּי (ti) — you(f.s.).
you (second pers. sing. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
אַתְּ (at.te) — you(f.s.).
you (second pers. sing. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
אַתֶּם (at.tem) — you(m.p.).
you (second pers. pl. masc.)
Aramaic equivalent: an.tun (אַנְתּוּן "you" H0608)
אַתֵּן (at.ten) — you(f.p.).
you (second pers. pl. fem.)
A grammatical form of at.tah (אַתָּ֫ה "you(m.s.)" H0859A)
HPp2ms — PronounHPp2ms
The Hebrew word שָׁבַח (shabach) is a primitive root that encompasses meanings related to both soothing and praising. It can refer to addressing someone in a loud tone, pacifying, or commending, particularly in a religious context. The entries indicate that it can also imply boasting in certain forms. Notably, the word appears in contexts involving both calming and glorifying.
[שָׁבַח] vb. Pi. soothe, still
Pi. he stilleth it
Hiph. stilling the roar of the seas.
base
[שָׁבַח] vb. Pi. laud, praise
Hithp. boast
base
H7623a שָׁבַח Pi. soothe, still H7623b שָׁבַח Pi. laud, praise
7623 shabach shaw-bakh'
a primitive root; properly, to address in a loud tone, i.e.
(specifically) loud; figuratively, to pacify (as if by
words):--commend, glory, keep in, praise, still, triumph.
שָׁבַח (sha.vach) — to soothe.
1) to soothe, still, stroke
1a) (Piel) to soothe, still
1b) (Hiphil) stilling (participle)
שָׁבַח (sha.vach) — to praise.
1) to laud, praise, commend
1a) (Piel)
1a1) to laud, praise (God)
1a2) to commend, congratulate (the dead)
1b) (Hithpael) to boast
Aramaic equivalent: she.vach (שְׁבַח "to praise" H7624)
HVpi2ms/Sp3mp — Verb piel imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVpi2ms/Sp3mp