BSBKJVWEBYLTASVBBEWMBT4TDBY|HymnsMusicDonate
Menu
Home › Commentaries  › New Testament Commentary (Baker)  › 1 Corinthians 16

1 Corinthians 16

Hendriksen
‹ Chapter 15 1 Corinthians — All Chapters Chapter 17 ›

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 � StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size StandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsBoldUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsItalicUnicode SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump SizeStandardCharsetANSI_CHARSET SizeDoubleFontNameTimes New RomanColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonSubSuperScriptTypervsssSuperScriptNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size-9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 �BiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabsStandardSpaceBefore SpaceAfterTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 6 1 3 8 0 0 16. Collection for God s People) 6 4 3 12 0 0 (16:1 4)) and) Conclusion) (16:5 24)) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Outline (continued) ) -60 3 2 0 2 0

1 ZTPF0 TRVTableSWT.ColorclNoneT.BorderLightColorclWindowTextT.CellBorderLightColorclWindowText T.OptionsrvtoEditing rvtoRowSizing rvtoColSizing rvtoRowSelect rvtoColSelectrvtoHideGridLinesT.TextRowSeparator T.TextColSeparator

T.BorderStyle rvtbColorT.BorderVSpacingT.BorderHSpacingT.VisibleBorders.Bottom T.CellPaddingT.CellBorderStyle rvtbColorT.CellVSpacing�T.CellHSpacing�C TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data +’-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:1 4 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data YU-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 G. Collection for God s People) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data -)-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:5 24 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data 95-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 IV. Conclusion) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data -)-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:5 12 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data A=-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 A. Paul s Requests) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data +’-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:5 9 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data IE-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0

  1. Paul s Travel Plans) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data /+-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:10 11 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data EA-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0
  2. Timothy s Arrival) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data )%-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:12 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data KG-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0
  3. Apollos s Reluctance) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data /+-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:13 24 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data WS-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 B. Exhortations and Greetings) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data /+-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:13 18 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data EA-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0
  4. Final Admonitions) TDc.BestWidthsc.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data /+-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0 16:19 24 ) TDc.BestWidth�c.VisibleBorders.Leftc.VisibleBorders.Rightc.VisibleBorders.Topc.VisibleBorders.Bottomc.VAlign rvcMiddlec.Data A=-8 1 3 2 7 1 3 8 0 0
  5. Final Greetings) 7 2 3 8 0 0 G. Collection for God s People ) 16:1 4 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 16 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 1 Now concerning the collection for the saints, just as I directed the churches of Galatia, so you do also. 2 On the first day of the week, let each one of you put aside something and store it up as he may prosper, so that when I come collections will not have to be made. 3 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 And when I come, I will send those men whom you approve with letters [of recommendation] to take your gift to Jerusalem. 4 And if it is fitting that I go, they will go with me. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” The epistle as such has come to an end except for some final directions, exhortations, and greetings. Paul reveals that he plans to travel to Jerusalem to alleviate the poverty of the saints in that city 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.17|AUTODETECT|” 24:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ; II Cor. 8 9). He wants to collect monetary gifts from the believers in Corinth, just as he is doing in all the Gentile churches. Paul s underlying purpose for these collections is to promote unity in the churches of Jewish and Gentile backgrounds. His objective is to break down any animosity that continues to separate Jewish Christians from Gentile Christians. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  6. Now concerning the collection for the saints, just as I directed the churches of Galatia, so you do also.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 The first two words, now concerning, are Paul s reply to a question included in the Corinthian letter addressed to him (7:1). With these two words as an introduction, Paul also answers questions regarding marriage, meat offered to idols, spiritual gifts, the collection for the poor in Jerusalem, and Apollos (7:1, 25; 8:1; 12:1; 16:1, 12). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.4|AUTODETECT|” The Jerusalem church oversaw the churches that Paul founded 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.22|AUTODETECT|” 18:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.17-44.21.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.17-44.21.19|AUTODETECT|” 21:17 19) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.26-45.15.27|AUTODETECT|” ). Yet we have no scriptural evidence that this church levied taxes on Gentile Christians, just as the Jerusalem priests compelled the Jews in Israel and in dispersion to pay the annual temple tax. Rather, Paul taught Gentile believers that they should joyfully share material blessings with the Jerusalem Christians, because the Jerusalem saints had shared with them spiritual blessings 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.26-45.15.27|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:26 27) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They should know that they were indebted to the church in Jerusalem.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref1 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn1”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|” �� Paul wanted them to be cheerful givers who without reluctance or compulsion generously gave their gifts to support the poor 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 9:7) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.15-59.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ). The church is obliged to take care of its own people and of others who are needy 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.15-59.2.16|AUTODETECT|” James 2:15 16) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.17|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.34|AUTODETECT|” After the early years of Christianity, during which there were no poor among the Christians 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.4.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:34) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ), the Jerusalem church had experienced hard times. The great persecution following the death of Stephen had driven most of the church members away from that city 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.8.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 8:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.6|AUTODETECT|” b). Without possessions and businesses, these refugees had joined the ranks of the poor 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.6|AUTODETECT|” James 2:6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.1-59.5.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.5.1-59.5.6|AUTODETECT|” 5:1 6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.28|AUTODETECT|” ); the believers who stayed in Jerusalem, along with those who returned, faced difficult economic times. Less than a decade later they endured a protracted period of severe famine 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 11:28) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.26|AUTODETECT|” ). And in later years they experienced economic adversities, for Paul writes that there were poor people among the saints in Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.26|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:26) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ; nevertheless, some Christians there seemed to be prospering). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9-48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Paul was eager to lend aid to the poor as he had promised to do when James, Peter, and John extended to him the right hand of fellowship 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.9-48.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:9 10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.29-44.11.30|AUTODETECT|” ). Indeed, he and Barnabas had delivered famine relief from the church in Antioch to the Christians in Judea 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.11.29-44.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Acts 11:29 30) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Thus, we suggest that Paul had mentioned to the Corinthians by either Timothy, Titus, or letter the matter of taking care of the economically poor believers in Jerusalem. The definite article in the expression ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 the collection) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 actually means the well-known collection. In their letter to him they had asked details on how to proceed in gathering the money.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref2 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn2”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Just as he urged the Galatian believers to do good to all people but especially to fellow believers 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 6:10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.1|AUTODETECT|” ), so he told the Corinthians to collect money for the poor in Jerusalem. The churches of Galatia are those that Paul and Barnabas founded during the first missionary journey: Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe (Acts 13 14). Also, Luke mentions that Gaius of Derbe and Timothy of Lystra accompanied him to Jerusalem with the monetary gift 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.17|AUTODETECT|” 24:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref3 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn3”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� As representatives of their churches, they safeguarded the money that was sent to the poor in Jerusalem. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Paul tells the Corinthians to follow the instructions he had given the churches in Galatia. With apostolic authority he orders the believers to care for the poverty-stricken saints in Jerusalem. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. On the first day of the week, let each one of you put aside something and store it up as he may prosper, so that when I come collections will not have to be made.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” a. On the first day of the week. This is the customary Jewish wording for what we today call Sunday 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 28:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.7|AUTODETECT|” and parallels; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.7|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:7) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.7|AUTODETECT|” ). In the evening of the first day of the week, Christians gathered for the breaking of bread, that is, the Lord s Supper 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.7|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:7) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Early Christians commemorated the first day of the week as the day of Jesus resurrection.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref4 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn4”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ��And they chose that day for worship and fellowship. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 b. Let each one of you put aside something and store it up as he may prosper. Paul teaches the Corinthians the commendable habit of continued giving to the Lord. He uses the present tense of the verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to put aside) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to indicate that every believer must do so regularly. Paul fails to say where the something should be stored, but he implies that the individual believer should store these gifts by himself until Paul arrived to collect them. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1-44.6.6|AUTODETECT|” True, the Corinthian church had administrators (12:28), and deacons were charged with administering funds and caring for the poor 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1-44.6.6|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:1 6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; compare ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8-54.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.8-54.3.13|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:8 13) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Undoubtedly, they gathered donations from the Christians to carry out their ministry to the needy. But the wording of the text seems to suggest that gifts for the Jerusalem Christians were kept by the individual at home. Paul tells the Corinthian believers to give on the first day of the week but he does not stipulate that their gifts he collected by church officials.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref5 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn5”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The money was not for local needs, to be distributed by the deacons. It was a special gift set aside by the individual for the Jerusalem saints. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 How much ought the Corinthian believer to give? The word ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 tithe) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 does not occur. Instead Paul lays down the clear principle that a believer should give in relation to the prosperity he or she receives from the Lord. In the Greek, the verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to prosper) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 means to be led along a good road. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref6 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn6”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The agent for this prosperity is the Lord, to whom believers gratefully ought to donate their gifts. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 c. So that when I come collections will not have to be made. This is the second time that Paul notifies the Corinthians of his forthcoming visit (4:18 21). The first indication was to rebuke them; now he says that he will come to ascertain that the Corinthians have indeed made collections. By giving them adequate instructions, he avoids pressuring the Christians to give money hastily. He desires to do all things properly. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. And when I come, I will send those men, whom you approve, with letters [of recommendation] to take your gift to Jerusalem.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 In harmony with a discussion on his personal income (9:7 18), Paul avoids involving himself in collecting the money and taking it to Jerusalem. He wants the Corinthian church to select and approve men for this task. Men from Macedonia and Asia Minor also were appointed to carry the gift to the saints in Jerusalem. Thus Paul could never be accused of enhancing his own assets. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” No representatives from Corinth are listed as accompanying Paul to Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.18-47.8.19|AUTODETECT|” ). Who was the brother chosen by the churches to travel with Paul and his company to deliver the gift 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.18-47.8.19|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:18 19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 )? This person had earned the trust of the Corinthians, but whether he was either Barnabas, Luke, or another apostolic helper we shall never know.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref7 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn7”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Translators are divided regarding the identity of the letters author. Did Paul write the letters of recommendation for the men approved by the Corinthians?��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref8 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn8”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Or did the church in Corinth compose these letters?��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref9 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn9”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.2|AUTODETECT|” �� In view of Paul s apostolic authority, knowledge of the leaders in Jerusalem, and desire for ecclesiastical unity, I suggest that Paul wrote the letters recommending these Gentile Christians from Greece to the Jewish Christians in Judea. In Paul s day, people who were sent on missions often carried credentials. These credentials were written by the sending agent or agency that recommended the carrier 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:2) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” 15:23) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.5|AUTODETECT|” 22:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.1-47.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.3.1-47.3.3|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 3:1 3) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 The term Paul uses for gift is the Greek word ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 charis) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , which in this verse denotes a charitable donation as an expression of goodwill. It is the gracious gift of Christians in Corinth to those in Jerusalem. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. And if it is fitting that I go, they will go with me.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.20-47.8.21|AUTODETECT|” This verse reveals a measure of hesitation on Paul s part. He wanted to be in charge of sending the bearers of the collection and thus wrote letters to introduce the men to the leaders in Jerusalem. On the other hand, Paul refused to be responsible for collecting, safeguarding, and delivering the amount. His objective was to be above reproach and suspicion and to be approved by both God and man 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.20-47.8.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:20 21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” Paul is asking the church members whether they deem it proper that he should travel with their representatives. He himself had decided to go to Jerusalem after he had visited the churches in Macedonia and Greece 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), but he wished to obtain the church s confirmation. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Practical Considerations in 16:1 2) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 One of the elements of worship is giving gifts to God in thankful response to his numerous blessings. We worship God regularly on Sunday and even on set and special days during the week. We come to church for worship because God wants to meet us and speak to us from his Word. We sing his praises, confess our sins, express thanks for answered prayer, and present our petitions. We demonstrate our love to him not only by doing his will but also by offering our gifts. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Paul teaches the Corinthians to set aside their gifts on the first day of the week and to do so regularly, a teaching that reflects God s provisions for his people. God provides daily the needs of the believers, and he instructs them to pray for their daily bread 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:11) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.3|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ). As God taught the people of Israel to honor him with their wealth and the firstfruits of all their crops 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 3:9) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” ), so he teaches the New Testament people to honor him by giving liberally 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:38) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.21.1-42.21.4|AUTODETECT|” 21:1 4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.14-62.5.15|AUTODETECT|” ). God gives faithfully in answer to the prayers of his people 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.14-62.5.15|AUTODETECT|” I John 5:14 15) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Similarly, his people should regularly offer their gifts to him as their act of worship. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:1 4) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verses 1 2) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 ��� ������� ��� a collection for the poor. Note that Paul uses the article twice to specify the particular gift for the Jerusalem saints. ) ���� the preposition is used distributively, in the sense of every first day of the week. ) ���� ���� alongside of himself. This literal translation indicates that the giver kept the gift in his home. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verses 3 4) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 ��� �������� the preposition ��� followed by the genitive case denotes the manner by which Paul sends the emissaries. The noun ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 letters) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 may be an idiomatic plural for a letter. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref10 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn10”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 ��� ��r ���������� the articular infinitive serves as subject of the verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to be) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 .��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref11 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn11”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The genitive appears to be influenced by the adjective ���� (fitting) and the personal pronoun �� in contracted form is the subject of the infinitive. ) 7 12 3 8 0 0 IV. Conclusion ) 16:5 24 ) 5 I shall come to you after I go through Macedonia. I am going through Macedonia, 6 and perhaps shall stay with you for some time or even spend the winter, so that you may send me on my way, wherever I may go. 7 For I do not wish to see you now in passing, for I hope to remain with you for some time if the Lord permits. 8 But I shall remain in Ephesus until Pentecost. 9 For a wide door for effective service has been opened to me, and there are many adversaries. ) 10 Now if Timothy comes, see that he does not have to be afraid when he is among you, for he is doing the work of the Lord, just as I also do. 11 Let no one therefore despise him. Send him on his way in peace, so that he may come to me. For I am expecting him with the brothers. ) 12 Now concerning our brother Apollos, I encouraged him greatly to come to you with the brothers. And indeed he was unwilling to come now.

But he will come when he has an opportunity. ) 13 Be on the alert, stand firm in the faith, be men of courage, be strong. 14 Let everything you do be done with love. ) 15 And I appeal to you, brothers. You know the household of Stephanas, that they were the firstfruits of Achaia and they have given themselves to the ministry of the saints. 16 Now I urge you, brothers, to submit to such men and to everyone who works and toils with us. 17 And I rejoice over the coming of Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, because they supplied what was lacking from you. 18 For they refreshed my spirit and yours. Therefore acknowledge such men. ) 19 The churches in the province of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla heartily greet you in the Lord with the church that meets in their house. 20 All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss. ) 21 I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand. 22 If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Maranatha! 23 The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you. 24 My love be with you all in Christ Jesus.

Amen. ) A. Paul s Requests ) 16:5 12 ) In the next two paragraphs Paul relates his travel plans, the forthcoming visit of Timothy to Corinth, and the reception of Apollos. The allusion to two time references spending the winter in Corinth and staying in Ephesus until Pentecost leaves the impression that he wrote this epistle possibly a month or two earlier.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref12 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn12” 12) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Effective evangelistic work kept Paul in Ephesus for some time. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Timothy needed a word of commendation to the Corinthians. Due to his youth and timid personality, Timothy had been adversely received at an earlier visit 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Apollos also had his own reasons for being unwilling to return to Corinth. Paul s remarks are cryptic and open to conjecture. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0

  1. Paul s Travel Plans) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 16:5 9) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  2. I shall come to you after I go through Macedonia. I am going through Macedonia, 6. and perhaps shall stay with you for some time or even spend the winter, so that you may send me on my way, wherever I may go.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” a. I shall come to you after I go through Macedonia. According to Luke, Paul planned to travel via Macedonia to Corinth and from there to Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.1-44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ). Indeed, he visited the churches in Macedonia and eventually arrived in Corinth, where he stayed for three months 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.1-44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:1 3) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 a). The time spent there was undoubtedly during the winter months, when sea travel was impossible. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.15-47.1.16|AUTODETECT|” After he had composed this epistle and sent it to the church in Corinth, Paul decided to cross the Aegean Sea for a double visit. First he would spend some time with the Corinthians, although he would not yet make arrangements for the collection. Then he would travel on foot to Macedonia to visit the churches. Afterward he would return to Corinth and depart for Judea 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.15-47.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:15 16) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ). But because his brief visit to Corinth proved to be painful, he changed his mind. He returned to Ephesus without visiting the churches in Macedonia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref13 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn13”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.18|AUTODETECT|” b. I am going through Macedonia, and perhaps shall stay with you for some time or even spend the winter. Ever since his departure from Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea on his second missionary journey, Paul had been unable to return to the Macedonian churches for many years. He told the church in Thessalonica that his plan to visit was blocked by Satan 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.18|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:18) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Even though Timothy, Silas, and Erastus had visited and served the churches in Macedonia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.5|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” 19:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), Paul had only sent them letters (I and II Thess.). He had not been able to see them personally. His plan to travel through Macedonia meant that he wanted to spend time with the believers in the various churches. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.1-47.8.7|AUTODETECT|” After ministering to the Macedonians and receiving their gifts for the poor who were in Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.1-47.8.7|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:1 7) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ), Paul planned to travel to Corinth to stay with the believers there for a considerable period. He foresaw that he would be in Corinth until spring, as inclement weather made sea travel impossible during the winter. In short, Luke relates that he stayed in Greece three months 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.19|AUTODETECT|” c. So that you may send me on my way, wherever I may go. Paul s travel plans were indefinite, for he left open the possibility of preaching the gospel in other regions (e.g., Illyricum [present-day Albania and the former Yugoslavia] and Spain [) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:19) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.24|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.28|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.18-44.21.19|AUTODETECT|” ]). He considered his visit to Jerusalem obligatory, for he wanted to report on the progress of the Gentile churches 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.18-44.21.19|AUTODETECT|” Acts 21:18 19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) before he would set out for new fields of labor.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref14 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn14”
  4. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Thus he waited for God to lead him in making his plans. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.24|AUTODETECT|” Traveling missionaries received food, beverages, lodging, and financial aid from the Christian churches 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 15:24) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.16|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:16) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:13) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=64.1.6|AUTODETECT|” III John 6) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Not the pagans but the Christians are obliged to supply the missionaries physical needs and to send them on their way. Paul himself, however, had told the Corinthians that he would offer the gospel free of charge and not request financial remuneration (9:17 18). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. For I do not wish to see you now in passing, for I hope to remain with you for some time if the Lord permits.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 Paul informs the readers that he has no intention of paying them a brief visit. He desires to spend some time with them to renew the ties he had formed when he founded the church. He wanted to express his love for them and knew that they, in turn, would reciprocate. ) We have no reason to believe that at an earlier occasion Paul had briefly visited the Corinthians. The term ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 now) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 points not to the past but to the present and the future. Paul reveals his plan to remain with the church in Corinth after a lengthy absence. The numerous moral and spiritual problems of its members compel him to think of spending considerable time with them. Paul needs a season during which he can remove the inconsistencies currently present in the Corinthian congregation. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 God s people ought to know that their time is in God s hands. They should place their lives in submission to God s will. New Testament saints set the example of living in harmony with the Lord s will.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref15 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn15”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. But I shall remain in Ephesus until Pentecost. 9. For a wide door for effective service has been opened to me, and there are many adversaries.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.9-3.23.16|AUTODETECT|” Here is a definite reference to time, Pentecost, without any indication regarding the year. For the Jews, Pentecost was the feast of the harvest celebrated seven weeks after Passover 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.9-3.23.16|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 23:9 16) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.1-44.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ). This would be in the second part of May or the first half of June. The Christians commemorated the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.1-44.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:1 4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.16|AUTODETECT|” ). Exactly a year later, Paul traveled to Jerusalem and arrived in time for Pentecost 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.16|AUTODETECT|” Acts 20:16) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Paul writes that he has work to do in Ephesus; he has numerous evangelistic opportunities in that city. He uses a figurative expression, a wide door for effective service. Elsewhere he employs similar language: The lord had opened a door for [him in Troas] 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.23-44.19.41|AUTODETECT|” ). We are unable to say when this took place, for the uproar in Ephesus that Demetrius and his guild instigated may have occurred after Paul composed his letter 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.23-44.19.41|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:23 41) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.9-44.19.10|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul lectured in the hall of Tyrannus, taught both publicly and from house to house, and called to repentance both Jews and Greeks in Ephesus and in the province of Asia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.9-44.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:9 10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.20-44.20.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.20-44.20.21|AUTODETECT|” 20:20 21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 The adjective ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 effective) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 is balanced by the noun ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 adversaries) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.9|AUTODETECT|” . Here are the two sides of the proverbial coin. Paul s service in the church and the community is effective and gains many converts, but the presence of numerous enemies keeps him on guard and prevents him from being overly confident. Among his opponents are the silversmiths whose livelihood is in jeopardy as people turn from the worship of dead idols to the service of the living Christ. In addition, some Jews maliciously opposed Paul and aligned themselves with the Gentiles and their attack 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.9|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:9) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33-44.19.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.33-44.19.34|AUTODETECT|” 33 34) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.28|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul refrains from providing details, but the sketch itself is sufficiently clear. Satan threw his might and power against Paul s work and associates, and the church in Ephesus 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.28|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:28) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:5 9) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verses 5 6) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 4 3 8 0 0 ��������� although the tense of this verb is present, it has a future connotation. ) ���� this preposition followed by the accusative denotes position and means with. ) ����� perhaps. The aorist participle in the neuter accusative functions as an adverb expressing manner. ) �������� the future tense of the compound is identical in meaning to ��������. Of the two verbs, the first one is preferred. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verses 8 9) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ��� ������������ Pentecost. This is an abbreviation of the full form, the day of Pentecost 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 2:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.16|AUTODETECT|” 20:16) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ������ the second perfect intransitive of the verb ����� (I open). The perfect shows lasting effect 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.11|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:11) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.51|AUTODETECT|” John 1:51) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 9 1 3 8 0 0
  2. Timothy s Arrival) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 16:10 11) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  3. Now if Timothy comes, see that he does not have to be afraid when he is among you, for he is doing the work of the Lord, just as I also do.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” a. Now if Timothy comes. This is the second time in this epistle that Paul mentions Timothy (4:17). He sent Timothy to the Corinthians, probably through Macedonia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and is uncertain of the time of Timothy s arrival. Hence, Paul writes a conditional clause in which the particle ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 if) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 relates to Timothy s eventual arrival. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Paul does not indicate who delivered this letter to the Corinthian church. Certainly Timothy was not the carrier, for then we would have expected his name to be in the greetings of this epistle (1:1). Also, because Paul s first epistle does not say that Timothy returned with a report of his visit to the Corinthians, we infer that this letter arrived in Corinth before Timothy s visit. By the time Paul wrote his second letter, Timothy had returned 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). We conclude that Paul sent him only once to Corinth (4:17; 16:10) and that he is now unsure about the exact time of Timothy s arrival. Timothy s journey to the Macedonian churches necessitated land travel while Paul s epistle was sent by ship to Corinth.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref16 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn16”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” b. See that he does not have to be afraid when he is among you. Paul writes an imperative to the Corinthians: he instructs them to receive Timothy courteously and respectfully. We assume that Timothy s age had something to do with his relation to the church in Corinth 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Venturing a guess, we judge Timothy to be in his twenties at the time Paul writes this letter. His youth may have hindered him from exercising authority in the Corinthian community. Moreover, the church in Corinth may have considered him to be not the chief spokesman but Paul s deputy, that is, a person who is second in command. And last, some members had expressed their differences with Paul; they would now not have to face the apostle but could express their arrogance without impunity in the presence of his representative (compare 4:18). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” In his pastoral epistles, Paul reveals that Timothy was not enjoying robust health 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:23) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ), was timid 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:7) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.0|AUTODETECT|” ), and had to be taught how to instruct groups of people and how to control his own inclinations 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.0|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref17 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn17”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� By all appearances, Timothy was not an imposing figure but someone who might be abused verbally in the Corinthian church. For this reason, Paul instructs the readers to accept Timothy so that he does not have to be afraid in their midst. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” c. For he is doing the work of the Lord, just as I also do. The reason for making Timothy feel at ease is the labor he performs. He is doing the work of the Lord that Paul himself performs (see 15:58). In other words, Paul ascribes equal authority to Timothy because of his work on behalf of Christ. Paul does not place himself above his co-workers, even though he is an apostle and they are apostolic helpers. He intimates that the readers should respect Timothy because of his calling and should accept him as they would Paul. Elsewhere Paul teaches that especially those persons whose work is preaching and teaching the gospel are worthy of double honor 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref18 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn18”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� The Corinthians, then, must receive Timothy for the sake of his work in the Lord. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. Let no one therefore despise him. Send him on his way in peace, so that he may come to me. For I am expecting him with the brothers.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 a. Let no one therefore despise him. On account of Timothy s spiritual work, no one in the Corinthian community ought to reject him and treat him with contempt. He is a servant of the Lord, so that rejection of the servant is the same as rejection of his Sender. Paul is not saying that the Corinthians have been doing this in the past, but he cautions them about the possibility of despising Timothy. ) b. Send him on his way in peace, so that he may come to me. The New Testament provides no information about Timothy s arrival and reception in Corinth. Paul writes clearly about Titus, whose report concerning the Corinthian visit he anxiously awaited.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref19 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn19”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� But he reveals nothing about Timothy s work in Corinth. This does not mean that Timothy fulfilled a minor role in the ministry of the Word. On the contrary, many churches regarded Timothy as a faithful co-worker with Paul. His name occurs with that of Paul in the greetings to the churches in Corinth, Philippi, Colosse, and Thessalonica.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref20 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn20”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 Paul instructs the Corinthians to aid Timothy in his travels by providing him with the basic necessities of life (food, drink, lodging, and money). Above all, he wants them to bid Timothy farewell in peace. He desires spiritual tranquility within the Corinthian church reflected by the manner in which they send Timothy on his return trip. And Paul would receive a first-hand report from his colleague in the ministry. ) c. For I am expecting him with the brothers. The repetition of the first person singular personal pronoun confirms that Paul is vitally interested in Timothy s mission.

The Corinthians should understand that meeting with Timothy is the same as meeting Paul himself. If they repudiate him, they will have to meet Paul eventually. ) The noun ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 brothers) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 can be construed with either the pronoun ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 I) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 or ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 him) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . It can mean that Paul with the brothers in Ephesus expects Timothy to come.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref21 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn21” 21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Or it can mean that Paul expects Timothy to come to him with travel companions.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref22 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn22” 22) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” �� Which of the two interpretations is preferred? Timothy did not travel alone to Macedonia but was accompanied by Erastus, a resident of Corinth 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.23|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:23) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 b). It is possible that Erastus together with other travel companions escorted Timothy on his return. On the other hand, the three Corinthian delegates (Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus [v. 17]) may have awaited Timothy s return. Yet why would these three men have to wait for Timothy to return to Ephesus after they had communicated their messages to Paul? We conclude that certainty is lacking for either interpretation. Like other dilemmas in Paul s epistles, this problem remains unresolved. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:10 11) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 �� this particle followed by the verb ��� (he comes) in the subjunctive expresses uncertainty regarding Timothy s arrival time. ) ���� see the comment at verse 6. ) ��������� let no one despise him. Here is a rare occurrence of the hortatory subjunctive in the third person singular.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref23 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn23” 23) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 3. Apollos s Reluctance) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 16:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 12. Now concerning our brother Apollos, I encouraged him greatly to come to you with the brothers. And indeed he was unwilling to come now. But he will come when he has an opportunity.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.24-44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” The last request in this series of three is asking Paul s co-worker Apollos to go to Corinth to serve the church. Apollos was the learned orator from Alexandria who had been commissioned by the Ephesians to minister to the spiritual needs of the Corinthians 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.24-44.18.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:24 28) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.1|AUTODETECT|” 19:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Because he was a skilled orator, Apollos was appreciated and had numerous friends in Corinth. In fact, the Corinthians had formed an Apollos party which Apollos, like Paul, repudiated (1:12; 3:4 6, 22). ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 One wonders who was pastor of the church in Corinth or whether the pastorate was vacant. Is the church asking Apollos to come for a brief visit or to be the pastor for an extended period? The invitation is the last item in their letter addressed to Paul, as is evident from the first two words in this verse ( now concerning ; see 7:1, 25; 8:1; 12:1; 16:1). The Corinthians relay the invitation via Paul and ask him to intervene on their behalf. Paul had never considered Apollos to be a competitor but always a faithful fellow worker. Therefore, Paul does not hesitate to persuade Apollos to go and visit the Corinthians.

He calls him our brother and notes that he has greatly encouraged Apollos to accompany the brothers, that is, the three delegates from Corinth, on their homeward journey (v. 17). ) We do not know the reason for Apollos s reluctance to go to Corinth. We surmise that he was fully aware of the many problems and divisions in the life of the church. He knew that Paul both planned to visit Corinth and was instructing the congregation by correspondence. And last, he did not wish to interfere with the work Paul was doing. ) Apollos is the person who has to answer the call to visit the Corinthian church. He makes it known that he is unwilling to go at the moment, but at the right time in the future he will travel to Corinth. The past tense of the verb in the sentence shows that Apollos is no longer in Paul s presence at the time this verse was written.

Apollos had decided not to go now but was willing to visit Corinth at another time. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 ����� the adjective is pressedinto service as an adverb meaning greatly or strongly. ) ������ �P� an emphatic combination signifying not at all or wholly not. ) ������ this noun stands by itself without qualifiers and therefore appears to refer not to the will of God but to the will of Apollos.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref24 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn24” 24) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 B. Exhortations and Greetings ) 16:13 24 ) A number of exhortations and references to certain Corinthians are part of the conclusion to this chapter. The last few verses (vv. 19 21) consist, first, of final greetings from churches and individuals; Paul writes his greeting in his own hand. Next, Paul censures those who do not love the Lord. Praying for the return of Jesus Christ, he commends the readers to the grace of the Lord Jesus. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0

  1. Final Admonitions) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 16:13 18) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  2. Be on the alert, stand firm in the faith, be men of courage, be strong. 14. Let everything you do be done with love.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 Like a general in the army of the Lord, Paul gives short orders in rapid succession and expects his people to put his commands into practice. He is confident that they are already obeying these directives, but he exhorts the readers to persevere. ) a. Be on the alert. The first command is to be vigilant, especially with a view toward Christ s return (see v. 22). These words occur frequently in the eschatological passages of the New Testament.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref25 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn25”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� They imply that God s people should remain watchful and fully alert to thwart the spiritual forces of darkness. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 b. Stand firm in the faith. Paul issues a second order, which is similar in meaning to his concluding exhortation of the preceding chapter, Be steadfast (15:58). He adds the prepositional phrase ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 in the faith) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to indicate the immovability of the believer with respect to trusting God subjective faith. As a soldier firmly defends the interests of his nation, so the Christian stands firm in relation to the teachings of God s Word objective faith. Paul s directive to stand firm, with or without modifiers, appears repeatedly in his epistles.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref26 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn26”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 c. Be men of courage. The Greek verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 andrizesthe) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 in the imperative plural means acquit yourselves like men. This is the only place in the New Testament where the verb appears, yet the sense is sufficiently clear. No soldier in the army of Jesus Christ may be fainthearted; in his presence, there is no place for cowards and weaklings. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.24|AUTODETECT|” d. Be strong. In a series of four commands, this last imperative is synonymous with the preceding one. In the passive voice, the verb means to be made strong through experiences that God prepares for the believer 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.24|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 31:24) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:10) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). ) 7 6 3 8 0 0 e. Let everything you do be done with love. This is an echo of Paul s remark in an earlier chapter on the use of spiritual gifts: But let all things be done decently and in order (14:40). Paul is not interested in aggressive force without the virtue of love. He shows the church of Jesus Christ an even more excellent way, namely, to follow the path of Christian love (12:31; 13; 14:1). A militant church battles sin but loves the sinner. ) Like a mighty army, ) Moves the Church of God & ) One in hope and doctrine, ) One in charity. ) Sabine Baring-Gould ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. And I appeal to you, brothers. You know the household of Stephanas, that they were the firstfruits of Achaia and they have given themselves to the ministry of the saints.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 a. And I appeal to you, brothers. After a series of commands, Paul now issues an appeal addressed to the brothers and sisters in the Corinthian church. Apparently they failed to respect the office bearers who worked diligently in their local congregation to advance the cause of Christ. A weakness in that church seems to have been a disregard for the authority invested in their spiritual leaders. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.34|AUTODETECT|” b. You know the household of Stephanas, that they were the firstfruits of Achaia. Paul states the fact that the Corinthians are fully acquainted with the household of Stephanas. At the beginning of this epistle, he already mentioned Stephanas and his household, Paul baptized him and all those who belonged to his family (1:16). Indeed he included Stephanas, as an afterthought, with those whom Paul himself had baptized. Granted that at Athens, Dionysius, Damaris, and others became believers 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.17.34|AUTODETECT|” Acts 17:34) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), here is the first indication of a person and his entire family being baptized. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.9-3.23.11|AUTODETECT|” Paul calls Stephanas and his household the firstfruits, which in Old Testament times was a harvest term used when the first ears of grain were reaped 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.9-3.23.11|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 23:9 11) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.15-3.23.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.23.15-3.23.17|AUTODETECT|” 15 17) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.1-5.26.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.26.1-5.26.11|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 26:1 11) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). In Paul s vocabulary, the expression ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 firstfruits) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.5|AUTODETECT|” has a spiritual meaning: Christ is the reaper who presents a new harvest of his people to God the Father. For Paul, the household of Stephanas in Corinth and Epenetus in the province of Asia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) are the firstfruits of Gentile missions.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref27 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn27”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� After the firstfruits are gathered, the real harvest is imminent. ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 c. They have given themselves to the ministry of the saints. From the outset, Stephanas and his family took upon themselves the task of ministering to the spiritual needs of those Corinthians who became Christians. Their work was to serve God s people (see 12:5). They volunteered their services and, blessed with organizational talent, did the arduous work that developing a church requires. As is often the case, some people in the congregation did not always appreciate these labors and repudiated the members of Stephanas s household.

One of the complaints could have been that these members had never been officially appointed to serve the church but had appointed themselves. Jealousy and rivalry were undermining the spiritual welfare of the membership. Paul, however, has a high view of church membership and calls the believers saints. He implies that even those who are critical of the church s servants are called saints (compare 1:2). ) The sentence structure in the Greek is awkward, as translations that follow the word order of the original text reflect.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref28 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn28” 28) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� Paul begins verse 15 with an exhortation, I appeal to you, brothers, which he interrupts with an explanatory note about the household of Stephanas. After writing this note, he applies the entreaty to the content of verse 16. For the sake of a smooth translation, I have repeated the exhortation in slightly altered form. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 16. Now I urge you, brothers, to submit to such men and to everyone who works and toils with us.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 Paul implores the members of the Corinthian church to submit to their leaders and to do so out of love for one another and without compulsion. Notice that he addresses the readers as brothers (and sisters) to show his tender love for them. He realizes that in a developing community, tensions are unavoidable. But these tensions should be alleviated and eliminated in the context of Christian love. ) A literal translation shows emphasis: that you also be in subjection to such men -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref29 10 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn29” NASB) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” ). Paul wants the readers to realize that they themselves must be in submission to their leaders. As the younger men must submit themselves to the authority of their elders 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ), so Christians willingly must submit to one another 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref30 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn30” 29) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|” �� They should renounce their own preferences and in humility and love regard others better than themselves 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Thus, Paul urges the Corinthians to be in subjection to their leaders who diligently serve the members of the Christian community. The writer of the epistle to the Hebrews also urges his readers to obey their leaders and to submit to their authority (13:17).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref31 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn31” 30) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” The people who should be respected are the leaders from the family of Stephanas. But Paul broadens the circle by including everyone who works and toils with us. This means that the apostles, their helpers, and all other church workers should be accorded proper respect 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Paul is not merely writing synonyms when he mentions the verbs ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to work) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to toil) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . There is a distinct difference between working and toiling. The former signifies being productive; the latter connotes working hard and long in the interest of attaining a goal. ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 When church members honor the hardworking servants in the church, they themselves will follow their example. A church with willing workers proves to be a powerhouse that illumines and benefits the entire community in which it is located. Let every Christian adopt the old adage that still speaks volumes: ) Only one life, `t will soon be past; ) Only what is done for Christ will last. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 17. And I rejoice over the coming of Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, because they supplied what was lacking from you. 18. For they refreshed my spirit and yours. Therefore acknowledge such men.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 a. And I rejoice over the coming of Stephanas, Fortunatus, Achaicus. The arrival and the presence of three Corinthian church leaders proved to be a tremendous source of joy for Paul. These three had given him the letter from the Corinthians and had acquainted Paul with the spiritual condition and the problems of their church. ) This is now the third time that Paul mentions the name ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Stephanas) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 (1:16; 16:15, 17), which in Greek means the one who bears a crown. Stephanas was the most influential of the three men, for he had a household. Whether his two companions belonged to this household is a conjecture. Both men could have been slaves. We know next to nothing about them because their names occur only once in the New Testament. The name ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Fortunatus) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 is a Latin term that signifies the blessed one. And ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Achaicus) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 simply means the one from the province of Achaia. ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 These three men were not the members of Chloe s household (1:11) who came to Paul with an oral report on the divisions in the church. Stephanas and his two friends were well-known leaders who acquainted Paul with the spiritual life of the congregation. The oral report of Chloe s people was unofficial; that of the three-man delegation was official. The church commissioned Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus to carry their letter and to answer any questions Paul might raise. Further, Paul was unhappy with the report of Chloe s people but rejoiced in the arrival and presence of the Corinthian delegation. He mentions the brothers in verse 12 and identifies them by name in verse 17.

He shows that a special bond existed between himself and the Corinthian trio. ) b. Because they supplied what was lacking front you. The personal pronoun ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
you) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
is open to two interpretations. Objectively, it can signify that the three church workers filled the void created by Paul s absence from Corinth; and subjectively it can signify that Paul had a longing to see the Corinthian believers, a longing that the three delegates by their presence tried to fill.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref32
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn32”
31) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� In addition, we presume that Paul inquired about the members of the Corinthian church and, after reading their letter, asked further questions. The better of the two choices, then, is the subjective interpretation. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.7.13|AUTODETECT|”
c. For they refreshed my spirit and yours. Why does Paul rejoice? Because Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus were able to renew Paul s spirit with good reports about the church 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.7.13|AUTODETECT|”
II Cor. 7:13) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). They encouraged him with positive accounts that counterbalanced the negative report he had received from the members of Chloe s household, they experienced Paul s love for them; and they, in turn, demonstrated their affection for him. They not only refreshed Paul s soul; upon their return to Corinth, they would be able to inform the church about Paul s love for them. Their visit with Paul would be a blessing to them. Besides, they would be able to deliver Paul s letter and answer questions Corinthians might raise. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
d. Therefore acknowledge such men. This is the last command Paul has for the Corinthians. When the trio returns to Corinth from their visit with Paul, they need to be warmly received in the community and duly recognized as leaders. The words ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
such men) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
go beyond the Corinthian trio and include all the people who unfailingly give of their time and talent to the well-being of Christ s church. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:15 18) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 9 1 3 8 0 0
Verses 15 16) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 0
����� firstfruits. Although the word is in the singular, it has a plural connotation that is evident in the verb and reflexive pronoun ����� �������� (they appointed themselves) Also note a possible play on words in this verb and the compound Q���������� (you submit yourselves). ) 9 1 3 8 0 0
Verses 17 18) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 0
Q������� this possessive pronoun in the neuter singular is replaced by the second person plural Q���, as in the reading of the Majority Text.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref33
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn33”
32) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� The possessive pronoun is the more original, yet in translation the matter is inconsequential. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
��������� this correlative adjective in the plural denotes quality, of such a kind. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0
2. Final Greetings) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 9 1 3 8 0 0
16:19 24) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 0
In this last segment of the epistle, the concept ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
greet) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
occurs five times. First, there are the greetings of churches in the province of Asia; they are followed by those of the missionary couple Aquila and Priscilla with their house church. Then there are the compliments from all the brothers, succeeded by the manner of greeting one another, and last, Paul s best wishes in his own handwriting. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
The last three verses (vv. 22 24) constitute the benediction. It includes a curse on all those who do not love the Lord, a petition for the Lord s return, and the customary wish for the Lord s grace. As a last remark, Paul assures the readers of his love for them in Christ Jesus. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
19. The churches in the province of Asia greet you. Aquila and Priscilla heartily greet you in the Lord with the church that meets in their house.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.18-44.18.21|AUTODETECT|”
a. The churches in the province of Asia greet you. Almost the entire western part of Asia Minor was known as the Roman province of Asia during the first few centuries of the Christian era. Jewish people living in the major cities of that province were among the first to hear the gospel, especially in Ephesus. Paul came to Ephesus on his way to Syria and taught in the local synagogue, where he was well received. At the request of the Jews, he promised to return to them 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.18-44.18.21|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 18:18 21) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.10|AUTODETECT|”
). When Paul arrived in Ephesus for the second time, he at first spoke in the local synagogue for three months and then taught in the lecture hall of Tyrannus for two years. The effect was that all the Jews and the Greeks who lived in the province of Asia heard the word of thee Lord 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.10|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 19:10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.12-51.4.13|AUTODETECT|”
). Students of Paul became pastors who founded churches in the western part of Asia Minor. Among these pastors were Epaphras, who labored faithfully in Colosse, Laodicea, and Hierapolis 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.12-51.4.13|AUTODETECT|”
Col. 4:12 13) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|”
); Tychicus, who was a faithful minister and fellow servant of Paul in Colosse and Ephesus 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 20:4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.7|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.7|AUTODETECT|”
Col. 4:7) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.21|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.21|AUTODETECT|”
Eph. 6:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|”
); Philemon and Archippus, who were fellow workers in Colosse (Philem. 1 2); and Trophimus, who was an Ephesian 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.20.4|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 20:4) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.21.29|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.21.29|AUTODETECT|”
21:29) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
). The church at Ephesus occupied first place among the seven churches in the province of Asia 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.11|AUTODETECT|”
Rev. 1:11) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.2.1-66.2.7|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.2.1-66.2.7|AUTODETECT|”
2:1 7) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). From Ephesus, Christianity spread throughout the province, so that at the time Paul composed his first epistle to the Corinthians many churches had been formed. ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
Paul conveys the greetings of the churches in the province of Asia and thus stresses both the unity and the universality of Christ s church. These ecumenical greetings conveyed the thought of peace and love. Also, a greeting expressed by Christians strengthens the bond of fellowship with those who are engaged in the same task and who serve the same Lord. ��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref34
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn34”
33) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.2-44.18.3|AUTODETECT|”
b. Aquila and Priscilla heartily greet you in the Lord. Aquila was born and raised in Pontus, a province in the northern part of Asia Minor. He was of Jewish descent and had settled in Rome with his wife, Priscilla. Both were expelled from the imperial city by edict of Emperor Claudius about a.d. 49 and moved to Corinth, where they practiced their tentmaking trade 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.2-44.18.3|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 18:2 3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|”
). When Paul arrived in Corinth, they provided lodging for him and became active participants in his missionary endeavors. With him they traveled to Ephesus, where they explained to Apollos the way of God more clearly 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|”
Acts 18:26) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.3|AUTODETECT|”
). They opened their home to fellow believers and founded a church. Priscilla, abbreviated as Prisca, was a talented teacher whom Paul at times mentions before her husband. Aquila and Priscilla left Ephesus, took up residence in Rome for a while, and then returned to Ephesus. Paul mentions their names in his greetings 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.3|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 16:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|”
II Tim. 4:19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.5|AUTODETECT|”
c. With the church that meets in their house. House churches were common in apostolic times. Aquila and Priscilla founded house churches in Ephesus and in Rome 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.5|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 16:5) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.15|AUTODETECT|”
); Nympha had a church in her home 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.15|AUTODETECT|”
Col. 4:15) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|”
); and Philemon opened his home to church gatherings 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.2|AUTODETECT|”
Philem. 2) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). House churches did not exist as individual groups separate from the local church; the local church in the first century met in the homes of private parties.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref35
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn35”
34) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
20. All the brothers greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 0
The first part of this verse appears to be redundant. Paul had already sent the greetings of the churches and of Aquila and Priscilla and their house church; now he conveys the greetings of all the brothers and sisters. The greeting of the Ephesian church members included a warm embracing of the Corinthian believers. Furthermore, their gesture of affection must be expressed with a holy kiss, which in Paul s times and culture was customary and expected.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref36
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn36”
35) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� With the descriptive adjective ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
holy) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, Paul prevents any misunderstanding. In addition to a mutual embrace, the act of kissing included a touching of the cheeks probably on the left and on the right and possibly a touching of the lips to the other person s cheek.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref37
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn37”
36) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
21. I, Paul, write this greeting in my own hand.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.22|AUTODETECT|”
Writing letters was frequently done by scribes at the request of individuals who dictated the message. At times, scribes identified themselves 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.16.22|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 16:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|”
) or were mentioned by name 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|”
I Peter 5:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). We are not sure whether Paul employed a scribe to write the current epistle, but we do know that the phrase ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
greeting in my own hand) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|”
means that this is a genuine letter from the author. Paul tells the Thessalonians that the greeting in his own hand is the characteristic mark in all his letters 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.3.17|AUTODETECT|”
II Thess. 3:17) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.11|AUTODETECT|”
; see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.11|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 6:11) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.18|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.4.18|AUTODETECT|”
Col. 4:18) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.19|AUTODETECT|”
; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.19|AUTODETECT|”
Philem.19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
). The recipients in Corinth knew Paul s style of writing and recognized his penmanship.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref38
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn38”
37) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
22. If anyone does not love the Lord, let him be accursed. Maranatha!) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
) 7 1 3 8 0 0
a. ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Curse.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Not all the recipients of this epistle love the Lord Jesus, as is evident from a number of passages where Paul reproaches those who deliberately undermined the church.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref39
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn39”
38) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� With the use of a conditional clause, he notes that there are indeed people in the church who have no affection for Christ. Paul does not write the Greek word ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
agapo) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=56.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
, which denotes a genuine spiritual love and which he uses everywhere in his epistles. Except for ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=56.3.15|AUTODETECT|”
Titus 3:15) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, this is the only place where Paul chooses the verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
phileM) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
; it signifies affection. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|”
Paul utters a formula that curses anyone who opposes the Lord Jesus, much as he invokes a curse on preachers who proclaim not Christ s gospel: As we have said before, so I say again now, if any man is preaching to you a gospel contrary to that which you received, let him be accursed 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.9|AUTODETECT|”
Gal. 1:9) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, NASB). ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
b. ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Call.) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|”
Maranatha. This is an Aramaic expression that can be translated either as an imperative. Our Lord, come! or as a perfect indicative, Our Lord has come. In view of the similar petition in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|”
Revelation 22:20) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, Come, Lord Jesus, the imperative is preferred.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftnref40
8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn40”
39) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
�� ) 7 1 3 8 0 0
The use of an Aramaic word in the Greek community of Corinth is intriguing but not unusual. The writers of the New Testament were not a verse to Aramaic terms. The Christians adopted a Jewish vocabulary that included the words ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Abba) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|”
11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|”
Rom. 8:15) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|”
) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.6|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:6) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Amen) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.20|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:20) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Halleluiah) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.1|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 19:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.19.3|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.4|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.19.6|AUTODETECT|”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Hosanna) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.9|AUTODETECT|” 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.9|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:9) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.15|AUTODETECT|”
  4. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.9-41.11.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.9-41.11.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:9 10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.13|AUTODETECT|” John 12:13) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ), and ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Maranatha) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 What is Paul s purpose for calling on the Lord Jesus to return? Some scholars regard the verse as a formula that was part of the liturgy for celebrating the Lord s Supper.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref41 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn41”
  5. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� There are similarities but not to the extent that in this passage Paul refers to a communion celebration. True, the early church recognized the very presence of Jesus at communion and earnestly prayed for the physical return of the Lord in their midst: Come, Lord Jesus! 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Didache) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 10:6). But in the current text, Paul adds the word ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Maranatha) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 to a curse formula. This means that he implores the Lord to come as Judge to mete out punishment. He prays that the Lord will come quickly and remove those people who do not love him.��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref42 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn42”
  6. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 6 1 3 8 0 0
  1. The grace of our Lord Jesus be with you. 24. My love be with you all in Christ Jesus, Amen.) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 2 3 8 0 0 The conclusion to this epistle is the usual benediction recorded in many epistles. Paul prays that the Lord Jesus may extend his forgiving grace and his spiritual presence to all the recipients of this letter. His is a prayer for the physical and spiritual well-being of God s people. ) The last sentence in this epistle expresses Paul s personal love for all the Corinthians who are in Christ Jesus. He wants them to know that his love for them is truly spiritual in the Lord. He calls judgment on those who refuse to love the Lord, but for Jesus followers he has genuine love. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Doctrinal Considerations in 16:22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 Churches sometimes look for a unique name to identify themselves. They choose the word ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Maranatha) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.12|AUTODETECT|” and want to be known as a church that prays for and anticipates the imminent return of Jesus Christ. But in the universal church, every sincere Christian longs for the day of the Lord and prays fervently for his return. Peter instructs his readers that they must look forward to the day of God and speed its coming 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.3.12|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 3:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.19-44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ). He means that all believers must hasten that day by proclaiming and teaching Christ s gospel to all the inhabitants and the nations of the world. Peter himself addressed a multitude and told the people to repent so that God may send the Christ 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.19-44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:19 21) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ). When men, women, and children throughout the world repent and turn to Christ, they will hasten his return. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|” The prayer Amen. Come, Lord Jesus 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.22.20|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 22:20) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) is a response to Jesus promise, Yes, I am coming soon. Both the Holy Spirit and the bride, that is the church, are earnestly praying for the coming of Jesus Christ. The bride longs for the coming of the bridegroom to be together eternally in joyful celebration. ) 6 1 3 8 0 0 Greek Words, Phrases, and Constructions in 16:19 22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verse 19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 3 8 0 0 �������� the subject of the verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 to greet) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 is a compound plural followed by the singular verb form. Although the Majority Text features the verb in the plural, the more difficult reading is preferred. ) 7 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.2|AUTODETECT|” ������ the variant reading ��������� is adopted by the Textus Receptus on the basis of numerous manuscripts. Luke writes the full form 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.2|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:2) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.18|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.3|AUTODETECT|” ), but Paul prefers the diminutive ������ in three of his epistles 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:19) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftnref43 8 1 -1 9 0 “#_ftn43”
  3. 7 1 -1 9 0 0 �� ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Verses 21 22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 3 3 8 0 0 ������ the proper noun stands in apposition to the possessive pronoun and noun �� ����� (my own hand). ) $�� ������ the present imperative from the verb �0�� (I am) is used as an optative of wish. With the noun, it pronounces a prayer for damnation on those who separate from Christ. ) �������� it is a transliterated word from the Aramaic and is preferably interpreted as an imperative. ) 9 1 3 8 0 0 Summary of Chapter 16) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 4 3 8 0 0 At an earlier occasion, Paul had instructed the Galatian churches to gather a monetary collection for the support of the poverty-stricken saints in Jerusalem. Now he tells the Corinthian believers to do likewise. He charges them to set aside money regularly on the first day of the week, so that when Paul arrives in Corinth no collections will have to be made. He will write letters of introduction for the men who will carry the gift to Jerusalem, and he himself may accompany them if it is advisable. ) Paul reveals his travel plans: he warns to travel through Macedonia and upon arriving in Corinth spend the winter there. At present, he will stay in Ephesus until Pentecost; he writes that a door of evangelistic opportunity has opened. Timothy is expected to arrive in Corinth, and Paul asks the Corinthians to receive him warmly because of his work.

He advises the readers to send Timothy on his way. Apollos, who was invited to visit Corinth, expressed unwillingness to go, yet Paul encourages him to accept the invitation. Apollos says that he will do so when the opportunity arises. ) The name of Stephanas is mentioned with respect to his household, conversion, and service to the saints. Paul exhorts the readers to submit to such leaders. The visit of Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus makes him happy, for they have refreshed Paul s spirit. ) The chapter ends with greetings from the churches in the province of Asia, Aquila and Priscilla with their house church, and all the believers. Paul sends his greetings by signing the epistle.

All those who do not love the Lord are placed under a curse. Paul commends the readers to the grace of the Lord Jesus and extends to them his love in Christ Jesus. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn1
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref1”
1 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Murray J. Harris, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
NIDNTT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, vol. 3, p. 752; Gerhard Kittel, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, vol. 4, pp. 282 83; Keith F. Nickle, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
The Collection: A Study in Paul s Strategy) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, SBT 48 (London: SCM; Naperville, Ill.: Allenson, 1966); Dieter Georgi, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Die Geschichte der Kollecte des Paulus f�r Jerusalem) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
(Hamburg: Reich, 1965). ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn2
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref2”
2 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Gerd Luedemann, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles: Studies in Chronology) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, trans. F. Stanley Jones (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984), p. 81; John C. Hurd, Jr., ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
The Origin of I Corinthians) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1983), p. 233. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn3
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref3”
3 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
C. K. Barrett suggests churches in northern Galatia. See ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
A Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, Harper s New Testament Commentaries series (New York and Evanston: Harper and Row, 1968), p. 386. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn4
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref4”
4 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Max Turner, The Sabbath, Sunday, and the Law in Luke/Acts, in ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
From Sabbath to Lord s Day: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Investigation) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, ed. D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982), p. 137. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn5
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref5”
5 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Among others, see Samuele Bacchiocchi, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
From Sabbath to Sunday: A Historical Investigation of the Rise of Sunday Observance in Early Christianity) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
(Rome: Pontifical Gregorian University Press, 1977), pp. 93 95; Willy Rordorf, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Sunday: The History of the Day of Rest and Worship in the Earliest Centuries of the Christian Church) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, trans. A. A. K. Graham (London: SCM; Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968), pp. 193 94. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn6
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref6”
6 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Bauer, p. 323. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn7
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref7”
7 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Refer to Ralph P. Martin, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
2 Corinthians) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, WBC 40 (Waco: Word, 1986), pp. 274 75. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn8
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref8”
8 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
GNB, NAB, NASB, NEB, NIV, NJB, REB, SEB, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
Phillips) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn9
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref9”
9 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
JB, KJV, MLB, NKJV, RSV, NRSV. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn10
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref10”
10 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
C. F. D. Moule, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
, 2d ed, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960), p. 57. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn11
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref11”
11 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Compare A. T. Robertson, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0
A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
(Nashville: Broadman, 1934), p. 1061. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn12
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref12”
12 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
On the basis of 5:7 and 15:20, some commentators suggest that Paul wrote this epistle at Easter. Whether he composed the letter before or after Easter is inconsequential. For a discussion on the chronology of Paul s stay in Ephesus and Corinth consult the Introduction. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_ftn13
8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref13”
13 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.15|AUTODETECT|”
Consult Gordon D. Fee, ����� in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.15|AUTODETECT|”
II Corinthians 1.15) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
Apostolic Parousia and Paul-Corinth Chronology, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 NTS) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 24 (1977 78): 533 38. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn14 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref14” 14 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21-44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” Grosheide is of the opinion that Paul wrote I Cor. before he had decided to travel to Jerusalem 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.19.21-44.19.22|AUTODETECT|” Acts 19:21 22) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ) or that he had not yet fully determined his plans. ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians: The English Text with Introduction, Exposition and Notes) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , New International Commentary on the New Testament series (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953), p. 399 n. 4. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn15 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref15” 15 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.21|AUTODETECT|” Paul in ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:21) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:10) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.32|AUTODETECT|” 15:32) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.19|AUTODETECT|” , and ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.19|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:19) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 ; the writer of Hebrews in 6:3; and James in 4:13 15. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn16 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref16” 16 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Luedemann, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul, Apostle to the Gentiles) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 93. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn17 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref17” 17 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Consult Gerald F. Hawthorne, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 ISBE) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 4, pp. 857 58. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn18 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref18” 18 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Refer to William Hendriksen, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Exposition of the Pastoral Epistles) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , New Testament Commentary series (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1965), pp. 179 81. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn19 8 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 19 ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:13) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.6|AUTODETECT|” 7:6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.13-47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.13-47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” 13 15) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.6|AUTODETECT|” 8:6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.16-47.8.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.16-47.8.17|AUTODETECT|” 16 17) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.23|AUTODETECT|”
  1. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.12.18|AUTODETECT|” 12:18) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn20 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref20” 20 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Respectively, ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn21 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref21” 21 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 KJV, NKJV, JB, NJB, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Cassirer) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn22 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref22” 22 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 GNB, NAB, NCV, NIV, SEB, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Phillips) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn23 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref23” 23 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Moule, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Idiom-Book) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 22. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn24 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref24” 24 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Meinrad Limbeck, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 EDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 2, p. 137. However, Gottlob Schrenk 9 1 -1 9 0 0 TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 3, p. 59) understands it as the will of God. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn25 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref25” 25 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” E.g., see ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.42|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:42) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.13|AUTODETECT|” 25:13) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.35|AUTODETECT|” Mark 13:35) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.37|AUTODETECT|”
  2. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.6|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:6) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:3) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.16.15|AUTODETECT|” 16:15) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . See also Albrecht Oepke, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 2, p. 338. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn26 8 1 3 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 26 ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 5:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.27|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:27) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.8|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:8) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:15) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . Consult Walter Grundmann, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 7, p. 639; Michael Wolter, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 EDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 2, p. 207. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn27 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref27” 27 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Refer to Robert Murray, New Wine in Old Wineskins XII. Firstfruits, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 ExpT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 86 (1974 75): 164 68. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn28 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref28” 28 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 E.g., see KJV, NKJV, NASB. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn29 10 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref29” NASB ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 New American Standard Bible ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn30 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref30” 29 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0
  1. Gerhard Delling, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 8. pp. 44 45. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn31 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref31” 30 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 The author of Hebrews writes the Greek verb ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 hypeikM) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 (I give way, submit), a synonym of ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 hypotassM) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 (I submit). ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn32 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref32” 31 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Compare Bauer, p. 836. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn33 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref33” 32 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Compare Friedrich Blass and Albert Debrunner, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , trans. and rev. Robert Funk (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), #285.1. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn34 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref34” 33 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Hans Windisch, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 TDNT) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 1, p. 501. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn35 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref35” 34 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Marlis Gielen, Zur Interpretation der paulinischen Formel ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 h kat oikon ekklsia) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 ZNW) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 77 (1986): 109 25. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn36 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref36” 35 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.16|AUTODETECT|” See also ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:16) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.13.12|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 13:12) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:26) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.14|AUTODETECT|” ; compare ) 11 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.14|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:14) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 . ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn37 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref37” 36 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 John Ellington, Kissing in the Bible: Form and Meaning, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 BibTr) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 41 (1990): 409 16. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn38 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref38” 37 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 John Nijenhuis, The Greeting in My Own Hand ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 BibToday) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 19 (1981): 255 58. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn39 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref39” 38 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Compare, e.g., 4:18 19, 5:13; 6:9 10; 12:3; 14:36 38; 15:12. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn40 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref40” 39 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 J. A. Emerton, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 MARANATHA) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 and ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 EPHPHATHA) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 JTS) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 18 (1967): 427 31. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn41 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref41” 40 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Fee, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 First Corinthians) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 834 n. 6. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn42 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref42” 41 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 C. F. D. Moule, A Reconsideration of the Context of ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Maranatha) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 NTS) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 6 (1960): 307 10; Oscar Cullman, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 Early Christian Worship) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , SBT, 1st series 10 (London: SCM, 1953), pp. 13 14; J. J. Hughes, Maranatha, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 ISBE) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , vol. 3, p. 243. Compare W. F. Albright and C. S. Mann, Two Texts in I Corinthians, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 NTS) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 16 (1970): 271 76. ) -2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ftn43 8 1 3 8 0 “#_ftnref43” 42 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 Consult Bruce M. Metzger, ) 9 1 -1 9 0 0 A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament) 7 1 -1 9 0 0 , 3d corrected ed. (London, and New York: United Bible Societies, 1975), p. 570.)
‹ Chapter 15 1 Corinthians — All Chapters Chapter 17 ›

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate