1 Thessalonians 1

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 3 2 8 0 0 Commentary) on) I Thessalonians) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Summary of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thessalonians 1, 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (or 1:1 3:5)) 1 33 2 8 0 0 Paul Writes to the Thessalonians) Reminding Them, in connection with his Thanksgiving for Them, How the Gospel Had Come to Thessalonica, as a Genuine Work of God and Not as a Product of Human Deception.) This Section Comprises the Apostle s Thanksgiving and his Defence by means of Reminiscence.) In Chapter 1 the Thanksgiving Predominates, but there is an Undertone of Defence against the Slander of the Adversaries. In Chapter 2 the Defence Predominates, although the Thanksgiving Continues.) The Section, accordingly, may be summarized as follows:) 1:1 Names of Senders and Addressee, Salutation) 1:2 10 Thanksgiving with Undertone of Defence) 1:2, 3 Immediate reason for thanksgiving) the presence of fruits of the Spirit in the lives of the Thessalonian believers, their:) work resulting from faith) exertion prompted by love) endurance inspired by hope) 1:4 10 Ultimate reason for thanksgiving (in which an undertone of) defence can easily be detected)) their election from eternity. Proof:) objectively, the trustworthiness of the message and of the messengers) subjectively, the admirable manner in which this message and these) messengers had been received and the new faith had been spread, a sign of the Spirit s operation in the midst of the church, which, in turn, is proof of divine election) Let not the adversary deny either this trustworthiness or the genuine character of this operation.) 2:1 20 (or 2:1 3:5) Defence with Continuing Thanksgiving) 2:1 16 Apologia pro Vita Sua, that is, Paul s defence of his manner of life in Thessalonica, defence of his message, motive, and method (with note of thanksgiving to God for the way in which the message had been accepted by those who turned to God)) 2:17 20 (or 2:17 3:5) Apologia pro Absentia Sua, that is, Paul s defence of his sudden departure and continued absence from Thessalonica) CHAPTER I) ) 1:1 10) 1 1 Paul and Silvanus and Timothy to the church of the Thessalonians in God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ; grace to you and peace.) 2 We give thanks to God always for you all, making mention (of you) in our prayers, 3 continually bearing in mind your work resulting from faith and (your) exertion prompted by love and (your) endurance inspired by hope��21�� in our Lord Jesus Christ in the presence of our God and Father; 4 knowing, brothers beloved by God, your election, 5 inasmuch as��22�� our gospel did not come to you in words only but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and full assurance, just as you (well) know what kind of men we became among you for your sake. 6 And you became imitators of us and of the Lord, when amid great tribulation you welcomed the word with joy imparted by the Holy Spirit, 7 so that you became an example to all the believers in Macedonia and Achaia. 8 For, from you the word of the Lord has echoed forth not only in Macedonia and Achaia, but in every place your faith (directed) toward God has gone forth, so that it is not necessary for us to say anything; 9 for they themselves are reporting about us, what kind of entering in we had among you, and how you turned to God from those idols (of yours), to serve God, the living and real One, 10 and to await his Son out of the heavens, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus, who rescues us from the wrath to come.) ) 1:1. In our day when you write a letter, you first of all address the person to whom you are sending it; for example, Name of Addressee; then,) Dear Friend: ) At the conclusion of the letter you write your own name; thus:) Yours truly,) John Brown ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” In Paul s time, however, a letter would begin with the name of the sender. This would be followed by the name of the person(s) addressed, to which, in turn, would be appended the customary greeting. Examples are ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 23:36. So also this epistle: Paul and Silvanus and Timothy.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Since the great apostle was mainly responsible for the present letter, he first of all writes his own name, then the names of those who had been associated with him in bringing the Gospel to the Thessalonians, and who were with him now in Corinth as this letter was being written.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.5|AUTODETECT|” The apostle s Jewish name was Saul. This Hebrew name was very appropriate because its bearer belonged to the tribe of Benjamin from which centuries earlier king Saul had arisen 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.9.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.9.1|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.9.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.28|AUTODETECT|” ). Its meaning is asked of God. But as the apostle was a Roman citizen by birth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.59|AUTODETECT|” ), it is not strange that at the time of his circumcision 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.59|AUTODETECT|” Lk. 1:59) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) he had been given a Roman (Latin) name (Paulus, cf. our: Paul) in addition to the Jewish name (Saul).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.10|AUTODETECT|” Now the Roman name somewhat resembled the Jewish in sound, though not in meaning.��23�� The meaning of the Roman name Paul-us, also written Paullus, (for paurulus; cf. parvus), whence Greek Paul-os (cf. ������) is little. There are those who see special significance in the meaning of this name, or make certain comments about it. Thus, for example, Augustine, playing on the apostle s Roman cognomen, styles him paullum modicum quid, and Chrysostom calls him, the man three cubits tall. The Acts of Paul and Thecla describe him as follows: baldheaded, bowlegged, strongly built, a man small in size, with meeting eyebrows, with a rather large nose, full of grace, for at times he looked like a man and at times he had the face of an angel. Others point out that whatever may have been Paul s physical stature 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.10.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ), spiritually he was destined by God s sovereign grace to regard himself as very little or insignificant: less than the least of all saints 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Be that as it may and neither Paul in any of his epistles nor Luke gives definite indication of attaching any value to the meaning of the name, whether Hebrew or Latin , one fact at least is certain, and it is that fact upon which the emphasis should fall, namely, that although here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Paul does not immediately add to his name the appositive an apostle (as he does when he writes to places where his office was in dispute), he is, nevertheless, writing in that capacity. As has already been pointed out (see p. 22), while he writes, he is conscious of his authority.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.22|AUTODETECT|” Associated with him, fully endorsing everything he says, are Silvanus and Timothy. Silvanus is a Roman proper name. Originally it was the name of the god of the woods (cf. our adjective sylvan and cf. Pennsylvania: Penn s woods). The name as such bears no relation to the character or personality of this fellow-soldier nor to the place where he was born. It is merely a matter of sound-transposition.

From what was probably originally an Aramaic name (with a meaning the same as Saul) comes the Greek Silas, and (without any similarity in meaning, only in sound) the Latin Silvan-us (though the Greek ending is, of course, -os). While Luke uses the name Silas, Paul very naturally refers to the same person as Silvan-us (-os), just as he calls himself Paul-us (-os). A comparison of the passages in Paul s letters with those in Acts makes it altogether probable that by Silas and Silvanus the same person is meant. He figures prominently in the proceedings of the council of Jerusalem 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.22|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 15:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.27|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.27|AUTODETECT|”

27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.32|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.15.32|AUTODETECT|”

32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

), and was sent with Paul to Antioch to communicate the council s decision to that city. It has already been indicated (see pp. 5, 16) that after the argument between Paul and Barnabas with reference to John Mark, whom Paul refused to take with him on his second journey, the apostle chose Silas, that is, Silvanus, to accompany him and to carry out special missions; and that after the second journey the book of Acts contains no further reference to him. Also in the epistles of Paul the references to Silvanus always point to the second journey 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

II Thess. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|”

). The question whether the Silvanus mentioned by Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.5.12|AUTODETECT|”

I Peter 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) was the same person, and in exactly what relation the former stood to the latter and to his letter need not detain us here.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

If the mention of Silas, as associated with Paul in the sending of the letter, is not surprising, the mention of Timothy is even less so. The reason for our belief that he as well as Silas had labored with Paul in Thessalonica has already been stated (p. 5). But in addition to laboring there with Paul, Timothy had been sent back to that field afterward and had just now reported his findings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

I Thess. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.2|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.2|AUTODETECT|”

2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 0

We know much more about Timothy than about Silas. But the information furnished will be summarized in the proper place; see N.T.C. on the Pastorals.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.16.1-44.16.3|AUTODETECT|”

The order in which the three names are mentioned is the one which we would expect: first Paul, because he is, in the fullest sense of the term, the apostle. It is he who writes (i.e. dictates) the letter. Next mentioned is Silvanus, who in all probability was the older of the two companions and who had been with Paul from the very beginning of the journey during which the Thessalonians had received the Gospel. Last of all is Timothy, who seems to have been the youngest and who had been added to the little mission-band while the journey was already in progress 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.16.1-44.16.3|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 16:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

). The three are writing (and in the immediate context are transmitting��24�� a salutation) to the church of the Thessalonians. The term translated church��25�� is ecclesia (cf. the adjective ecclesiastical). Originally it indicated the popular assembly, as for example in Athens, in which every free citizen could vote. In the LXX (Greek translation of the Old Testament) it refers to the community of Israel (whether or not viewed as assembled for any particular purpose). In the New Testament it refers to the company of those whom God has called out of darkness into his marvelous light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

I Peter 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|”

), whether, a. as here, they be viewed as constituting a local congregation, b. as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.22|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 1:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.11.18|AUTODETECT|”

, the whole body of believers, or c. as in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.11.18|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 11:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

, a gathering for worship.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

It is not clear just why Paul employs the expression of the��26�� Thessalonians instead of at (or in) Thessalonica 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

). It is certain, however, that the expression the Thessalonians indicates all the members of the church which had very recently been established in (and was still in existence by virtue of its vital union with) God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. The combination of both terms (a. God the Father, b. the Lord Jesus Christ) after one preposition (in; that is grounded in) would seem to indicate that the two are entirely co-ordinate, that is, that the reference is to the first and to the second person of the Holy Trinity.��27�� Note also the trinitarian character of verses 3 5. Hence, the third person (Holy Spirit), mentioned in verse 5, is implied already in verse 1. Paul often mentions the three together in series of closely connected passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.2.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.12.4-46.12.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.12.4-46.12.6|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 12:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.18|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.2.18|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 2:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.2-49.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.2-49.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

3:2 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.14-49.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.3.14-49.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

3:14 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.4-49.4.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.4-49.4.6|AUTODETECT|”

4:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.18-49.5.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.5.18-49.5.20|AUTODETECT|”

5:18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). In referring to the second person the full name is used here: the Lord Jesus Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|”

In the LXX the name Lord (������) translates Jehovah, the God of Israel. It is more often the rendering of Jehovah than of anything else. (At times it is the equivalent of Adon, Adonai, Baal, etc.) Now the Jews were strict monotheists. Yet Paul, though himself a Jew, again and again gives to Jesus the title Lord. This shows that, in the thinking of the apostle, Jesus is just as fully divine as is God the Father: one and the same essence is possessed by the Father and by the Son 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.13.14|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 13:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.3|AUTODETECT|”

). For Paul, Jesus is our Lord because: a. he is the second person in the Holy Trinity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.13.3|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 13:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|”

), the highly exalted One, rightful object of worship, b. he has made us 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|”

), and c. he has bought (redeemed) us with his precious blood 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

); hence, we belong to him according to body and soul, in life and death and throughout all eternity. We owe him our full allegiance. This description of Jesus as Lord was not derived from the pagan world nor necessarily from the Christian communities in such cities as Antioch, Tarsus, and Damascus. No, Paul received it from the original disciples. The early church at Jerusalem (the Aramaic-speaking and then also the Greek-speaking believers) already used the title with reference to Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.16.22|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 16:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

Maranatha, meaning Our Lord, come, or simply Lord, come ;��28�� ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.28|AUTODETECT|” John 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1|AUTODETECT|” . ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 shows that the early Jerusalem church was bilingual).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.2.2|AUTODETECT|” To the title Lord Paul adds the name Jesus. Our English word Jesus is really Latin from the closely resembling Greek name (8�����). This, in turn, is the hellenized form of the late Hebrew Jeshua 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=15.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Ezra 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ), the contracted form of Jehoshua 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=6.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Josh. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ). This has been interpreted to mean Help of Jehovah. By another approach it has been explained as indicating: he will certainly save 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Accordingly, by giving this name to the Mediator, God meant to indicate that a. no one can save himself, b. salvation ever comes from God, c. this salvation is bestowed through the person and work of him who according to his divine nature is the Son of God, and according to his human nature, the son of Mary, d. it is he who saves, and he alone. No one else in all the wide world has been appointed to perform this task.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Anyone can arrive at this meaning by carefully reading the following four passages:) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

You must call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins. ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.27-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:27 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

& No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son chooses to reveal him. Come to me, all who labor and are heavily burdened, and I will cause you to rest. ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” John 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

I am the way and the truth and the life; no one comes to the Father but by me: ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

And not by anyone else is there this salvation; for neither is there under heaven any other name that has been given among men by which we must be saved. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Finally, to the title Lord and the personal name Jesus is added the official name Christ.��29�� This is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Messiah. It is clear, therefore, that for Paul the One here indicated was the fulfilment of prophecy, God s anointed (ordained and qualified by God to carry out the task of saving his people).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.31.30|AUTODETECT|” By combining these three appellatives into one glorious designation, the Lord Jesus Christ, Paul indicates that the One thus named, together with God the Father, is able to be and actually is the source of the blessings contained in the salutation which is now pronounced: grace to you and peace. This form of salutation may have been suggested by the combination of the ordinary Greek and Hebrew greetings. Paul, however, deepens and spiritualizes both.��30�� The apostle uses the term grace (�����) about a hundred times in his thirteen epistles. In the Old Testament it indicates gracefulness, beauty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.31.30|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 31:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ), favor 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The various shades of meaning which this word acquires in Paul s epistles should be distinguished, somewhat as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” (a) A quality or attribute of God or of the Lord Jesus Christ: his kindness. In this connection ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 8:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is often referred to: For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. (However, in connection with this passage, meaning (b) might also be considered.)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” (b) The favor toward his people which results from this kindness of disposition and which manifests itself a. in their deliverance from the guilt and punishment of sin, b. in the dynamic, transforming operation of the Holy Spirit in their hearts, and finally, c. in their entrance into glory. On God s part, this favor is entirely sovereign and unconditional; on man s part, it is completely unmerited. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; For by grace have you been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God. Salvation by grace stands in opposition to salvation by the works of the law.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” (c) The state of salvation, the sum-total of the blessings of salvation, or, at times, any particular blessing or endowment, viewed (in each case) as the free gift of God. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.7|AUTODETECT|”

this grace wherein we stand. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.7|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

But to each one of us was this grace given according to the measure of the gift of Christ. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” (d) The gratitude which is the believer s reaction when, led by the Spirit, he focusses his attention upon his own unworthiness and upon the greatness of God s goodness toward him. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

Thanks be to God & ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” In the present passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” ) meaning (b) would seem to be the most fitting. Paul takes the greetings (�������) of the ordinary letter in the Greek-speaking world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.23|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.26|AUTODETECT|” 23:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Jas. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), deepens it into grace (�����): God s love for the undeserving, his unmerited favor in operation in the hearts and lives of his children, and then adds peace.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” This addition is natural, for when grace is received, there is peace (�0����) in the heart, the consciousness of having been reconciled with God through Christ. Grace is the fountain, and peace is the stream which issues from this fountain 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.19.20|AUTODETECT|” ). It can hardly be doubted that this peace is closely related to the Hebrew shalom 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=7.19.20|AUTODETECT|” Judg. 19:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ): wholeness, prosperity, welfare; here 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.27|AUTODETECT|” ), spiritual welfare. It is the peace of which Jesus spoke in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.27|AUTODETECT|” John 14:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on that passage). Paul uses the word more than forty times.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 This grace and this peace have their origin in God the Father, and have been merited for the believer by the Lord Jesus Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Just what is the character of this salutation? Is it an exclamation, a declaration, a mere wish? Some consider it to be an exclamation. They are of the opinion that no verb is even implied.��31�� Many, however, are not able to follow this reasoning. When a man says to his neighbor, More power to you! he is uttering an exclamation, and he does not use any verb. Yet, everyone immediately understands that a verb is implied, the sense being: May you receive more power! And so also in the present case. Paul, however, never uses a verb in his salutations. John employs the future indicative 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II John 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

Grace, mercy, peace shall be with us ). In a context which closely resembles Paul s style in Ephesians, Peter employs the optative 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Compare:) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.1-49.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.1-60.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.1-60.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus & to the saints.& Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.& Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ & to the elect & Grace to you and peace be multiplied. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.& ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.2|AUTODETECT|” From the similarity in the general structure and context of these salutations it may be safely inferred that Paul s implied verb resembles Peter s expressed verb. See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.2|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.2|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=65.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Jude 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 where the same form of the verb (optative mood) is used. Accordingly, A.V. is probably not in error when it inserts a verb and translates the salutation:) 1 6 2 8 0 0 Grace be unto you, and peace.��32��) However, exactly at this point a question arises. Is it not true then that those are right who contend that the salutation is a mere wish? And must we not, in all honesty, conclude that the traditional position of the church with respect to the salutation, as pronounced at the beginning of the service in public worship, is wrong; and that those authorities in Liturgics who contend that the salutation is an act of God whereby he bestows his grace and peace upon those who are ready to receive it by faith,��33�� are also wrong?) We believe, however, that this conclusion by no means follows. The traditional position of the church is entirely correct. It has grammar on its side.��34��) The question, in the final analysis, is not: Does the traditional view with respect to the nature of the salutation (as being an actual declaration that God imparts his favor, and that he places his blessings upon the congregation) harmonize with my notion as to what a service of the Word should be? Does it tally with my opinion of the office of the minister?

It is this: What is the real sense of Scripture? Then, if the teaching of the Bible happens to go contrary to my way of thinking, let me try to change not the teaching but the way of thinking. And if I am not willing to do this, I should say very plainly, I do not agree with the Bible.) Now the fact that the traditional view is correct is clear both from the Old and from the New Testament. Note the following:) ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.24-4.6.26|AUTODETECT|” Num. 6:24 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Immediately after the words of the Aaronitic benediction we read, So shall they put my name upon the children of Israel; and I will bless them. Hence, the act of pronouncing the benediction was viewed as an effectual putting of the name of Jehovah upon Israel, sothat his blessing would actually result.) ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 2 2 8 0 0 And when you enter into any house, first say, Peace to this house. And if a son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon him; but if not, it shall turn back to you. ) ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=63.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II John 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Grace, mercy, and peace will be with us & As was indicated earlier, the indicative mood is used. It is a declaration of something that will actually happen. This harmonizes completely with the idea of the expressed optative (Peter and Jude) or implied optative (Paul), when the latter is viewed as expressing an effective (not a mere) wish.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” What Paul, writing officially as Christ s apostle, meant here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 may, accordingly, be summed up as follows:) 1 3 2 8 0 0 May grace and peace rest upon you all. As God s official representative I (together with my associates Silas and Timothy) declare that this is what will actually happen. ) Two objections should be answered:) (a) But is it not true that God s grace and his peace always rest on the church? True, indeed, but the effective wish or the declaration is that this grace and this peace shall be applied abundantly especially in connection with this particular service of public worship (for example, when this letter or any part of it is read).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.5|AUTODETECT|” (b) Is not this a mechanical view? Indeed not! These blessings are bestowed upon those and only upon those who are ready to receive them by faith. Read ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.5|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 quoted above.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.8|AUTODETECT|” 2, 3. In letters written by men who were Paul s contemporaries the greeting is often followed by a statement which indicates that the person(s) addressed is being remembered in prayer to the gods. Hence, it is not surprising that Paul s epistles contain a similar item. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=57.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) The resemblance, however, is in form but not in essence. The readers, many of whom were recent converts from the pagan world, must have been impressed by the fact that this letter is different. Paul and his companions have excluded the idol-gods from their letter as decisively as the Thessalonians had expelled them from their homes. The thanksgiving is here, but it is addressed to the one true God: We give thanks to God always for you all.) 1 8 2 8 0 0 The verb we give thanks (�P�����������) is related to the noun grace (�����; see on 1:1, meaning d.). Paul and his companions thank God for the fruits of grace that were found in the hearts and lives of the church-members. They do this continually, never skipping a single day. They recognize the unity of faith, love, and hope which characterized the membership: for you all. ) The main clause, We give thanks, has three participial modifiers, as follows:) verse 2b. making mention (of you) in our prayers ) verse 3. continually bearing in mind your work.& ) verse 4. knowing & your election & ) The first and the second of these clauses indicate the accompanying circumstances of the thanksgiving; that is, they show what Paul, Silas, and Timothy did when they gave thanks for the Thessalonians: how they would mention them by name, and would specify the spiritual fruits which adorned their lives (work resulting from faith, exertion prompted by love, endurance inspired by hope). The second clause, however, does more than this. It also begins to indicate the reason why the missionaries are so thankful.

They express their gratitude because of these fruits! That is the immediate reason. But there is also an ultimate reason, which is expressed in the third participial modifier: knowing your election. ) Beginning with the first of these modifiers, Paul says: making mention (of you) in our prayers. It would seem that the missionaries prayed unitedly (in addition, of course, to praying individually). They may have taken turns in leading the devotions. These prayers were not marked by any vagueness.

On the contrary, the needs of the various churches were mentioned one by one, as the occasion demanded. The thought is not excluded that individual members may have been mentioned by name.) Now such prayers consisted not only in a series of petitions, but also in thanksgivings, praises, words of adoration. God was given the honor that was due to him in view of the marvelous things he had done. In fact, that is exactly the point which receives the emphasis here, as is indicated in the second participial modifier: continually bearing in mind your work resulting from faith and (your) exertion prompted by love and (your) endurance inspired by hope in our Lord Jesus Christ in the presence of our God and Father.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|” With respect to the meaning of this beautiful passage commentators differ widely.��35�� This is the first time the series faith, hope, and love occurs in Paul s epistles. Here hope is mentioned last (faith & love & hope) in order to link it with in our Lord Jesus Christ in the presence of our God and Father. In an epistle which deals so extensively with the subject of the confident expectation of Christ s Return, it is natural that the term hope is placed in a climactic position; just as it is natural that in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.13.0|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 love is stressed.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Paul thanks God for the work accomplished by these recent converts to the Christian religion. He does not immediately reveal what is meant by this work. It is probably best not to restrict the meaning too rigidly. Caring for the sick, comforting the dying, instructing the ignorant, all this and much more occurs to the mind. Yet, in view of verses 6 10 of this chapter, it would seem that the apostle (and those with him) is thinking especially of the work of making propaganda for the gospel, and doing this even in the midst of bitter persecution. This, indeed, was work resulting from faith.

In fact, it was exertion (labor) prompted by love. Had there been no love in return for the love of which they were the objects, these Thessalonians would never have been able to accomplish what they did. That they did accomplish the almost unbelievable will be pointed out in connection with verses 6 10.) When we speak of love-labor, we are prone to look only for deeds that can be seen, weighed, and measured. But suffering for the name and sake of Christ also falls under the heading of exertion prompted by love. It implies endurance. A person who suffers such persecution is willing, if need be, to remain under (cf. the verb Q������) stress and strain, confidently expecting that in the very presence of the God who will one day judge all men he will find a safe shelter with his Lord Jesus Christ (on this designation see 1:1); in other words, his endurance is inspired by hope in our Lord Jesus Christ in the presence of our God and Father. (On God the Father here our God and Father see 1:1.)) 4. knowing, brothers beloved by God, your election & ) In the final analysis, the reason for the joy and gratitude which fill the hearts of the missionaries is the fact that they know that (speaking by and large) the members of the Thessalonian church are God s chosen ones.

Paul, Silas, and Timothy actually know this. They know (knowing �0�����, is the participle used) it because the facts speak so clearly that the conclusion is inevitable, direct, immediate. This passage is a most forceful repudiation of the position of those who say that one can never really know whether he or whether anybody else is included in God s eternal decree of election. The missionaries had become acquainted with the readers in the recent past. After a very brief stay among them, they had been forced to move on. Nevertheless, they do not hesitate to state, The ultimate reason why thanksgiving fills our hearts is that we know that you were chosen (from eternity). ��36��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11|AUTODETECT|” The noun election also occurs in the following passages of Paul s epistles: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.5|AUTODETECT|” 11:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.10|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” The apostle, who was himself an elect vessel 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” ), dwells on the theme of sovereign election in such passages as the following (in addition to those already mentioned): ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.29|AUTODETECT|” 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.13|AUTODETECT|” 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” . There are several additional passages which, though not containing the word elect, are of value for the study of this subject; e.g., ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .��37��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 On the basis of all these passages, Paul s teaching on election can be summarized as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (1) It (election) is from eternity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (2) It becomes evident in life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). This does not mean that anyone has the right to assign his neighbor to hell or to call him a reprobate: God sees the heart; we do not. Also, we are not infallibly inspired, as Paul s teaching was. There may be a death-bed conversion.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” (3) It is sovereign and unconditional; that is, it is not conditioned on foreseen works or foreseen faith 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 4:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). See also Canons of Dort, I, ix, x.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.14|AUTODETECT|” (4) It is just 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.14|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 9:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.5|AUTODETECT|” (5) It is not limited to Gentiles; in every age a remnant of the Jews is also included 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.5|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.7|AUTODETECT|” (6) It is immutable and effectual; the elect actually reach heaven at last. They obtain salvation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 11:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” ). God s chain cannot be broken 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.29|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.29|AUTODETECT|” 11:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (7) It affects life in all its phases, is not abstract. Although election belongs to God s decree from eternity, it becomes a dynamic force in the hearts and lives of God s children. That is clearly also the meaning here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” ; see verses 5 10. It produces such fruits as adoption as sons, calling, faith, justification, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28-45.8.30|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.33|AUTODETECT|” 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ). The proposition: If a man has been elected, he will be saved regardless of how he lives (e.g., whether or not he believes in Christ, whether or not he gives evidence of possessing the fruits of the Holy Spirit), is wicked and absurd. No true and sane believer of any denomination, whether he be Methodist, Baptist, Calvinist, Lutheran, or whether he belongs to any other denomination or religious group, will ever subscribe to it. Everyone should read and reread the beautiful description of the truly elect person which is found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.13|AUTODETECT|” (8) It concerns individuals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.13|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (9) It comprehends these individuals in Christ, sothat they are definitely viewed as one body 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.10|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” (10) It is an election not only unto salvation but definitely also (as a link in the chain) unto service 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.3.12-51.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Col. 3:12 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.39|AUTODETECT|” (11) It is taught not only by Paul, but also by Jesus himself. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.39|AUTODETECT|” John 6:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.2|AUTODETECT|” 17:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” (12) It has as its final aim God s glory, and it is the work of his delight 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.4-49.1.6|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:4 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” The elect are called brothers beloved by God. Paul loves the designation brothers, using it again and again 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.1|AUTODETECT|” 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.7|AUTODETECT|” 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.10|AUTODETECT|” 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.4.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.1|AUTODETECT|” 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.1|AUTODETECT|” 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.1|AUTODETECT|” 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.3.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; and many times in the other epistles). In the present instance he adds the beautiful description beloved of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.13|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; further also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.28|AUTODETECT|” 11:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.12.19|AUTODETECT|” 12:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.8|AUTODETECT|” 16:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.12|AUTODETECT|” 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15-43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” , etc.). Because of its combination with the word of God it would seem probable that the deepest and fullest sense must be ascribed to the participle (pl. mascul., perfect passive) beloved. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.21.15-43.21.17|AUTODETECT|” John 21:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . This love of God extends backward to eternity, as the preceding context clearly implies. It also extends forward and is still continuing (as is implied in the tense of the participle). No one can ever separate believers from the love of God in Christ. Moreover, as the parallel passages indicate, God s beloved ones are also Paul s (and Silas and Timothy s) beloved ones.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 5. But how is it to be explained that the missionaries have a right to be so convinced about the fact that these Thessalonians are God s elect? The reason is given in the verses which follow, which should be considered as a unit (verses 5 10); to begin with: inasmuch as our gospel did not come to you in words only but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and full assurance.) The meaning is: that you were chosen (elected) we know from the fact that our gospel did not come to you in words only, etc.) As we see it, the sense of the entire passage (verses 5 10) can be summarized as follows: Do not be deceived by the enemies of the faith who are trying, by means of an attack on our integrity, to undermine your faith and your assurance of salvation. Our behavior among you was proof of our integrity and of the reliability of our message. Your own joyful acceptance of the gospel which we preached, sothat you began to spread the news everywhere, and turned away from those idols of yours to serve the living God and to await his Son from heaven, clearly indicate that what happened (and is happening) in Thessalonica was (is) wrought by the Holy Spirit and was (is) the fruit of election. Any doubt about the genuine character of your faith was removed by Timothy. (See on 3:5.) So continue stedfastly. ) In order to confirm the faith of the Thessalonians Paul, accordingly, does two things: he shows:) a. that the message which they had received and the messengers who brought it could be trusted.

See verse 5.) b. that the manner in which they received it was proof of the operation of the Spirit of God. See verses 6 10.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|” Just as at Corinth (I Cor: 2:4), where Paul was carrying on his missionary activity while he was writing this letter, so also at Thessalonica, he was not interested in mere words 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ) but in a genuine demonstration of the Spirit. To this the people addressed will readily testify. The original has the singular in word, in a mere discourse. There was spiritual dynamite (�������) in the message, enough dynamite to demolish the idol-gods (verse 9). In fact, the dynamite of the Spirit was of a different kind than physical dynamite, for whereas the latter is limited to destructive operations, this dynamite was also constructive ( to serve God, the living and real One, etc.). Notice how the concepts Spirit and power go together here, as so often 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.13|AUTODETECT|” 15:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.15.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ). This is in accordance with Christ s promise 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” . Cf. also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.35|AUTODETECT|” 35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.14|AUTODETECT|” 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” ). The reason why there was such power in the message was because when Paul (and those associated with him) spoke, God was speaking. This also accounts for the fact that the missionaries had spoken with full assurance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.2|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.11|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.22|AUTODETECT|” 10:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. the verb in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.21|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.14.5|AUTODETECT|” 14:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.5|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 which without even the addition of an article is linked immediately with the Holy Spirit, for the full assurance is an immediate effect of the Spirit s presence and power in the hearts of the ambassadors). Because of the immediately preceding and the immediately following context, it would seem that those commentators are wrong who confine this assurance to the Thessalonians. The reference here is (at least primarily) to the full assurance of the missionaries as they spoke the word.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Paul appeals to the memory of those addressed when he adds: just as you (well) know what kind of men we became among you for your sake. All kinds of traveling philosophers were roving about in the world of that day. They plied their trade for their own sake, in their own interest. Paul, Silas, and Timothy were different. They carried on their difficult tasks for the sake of the people, that they might be saved. In that spirit and frame of mind they had entered Thessalonica, and the experiences which they had endured there had added to their spiritual vigor .) The obverse side of the events that had recently transpired at Thessalonica (the side which shows how the good news had affected the Thessalonians) is shown in the verses which follow.) 6, 7. And you became imitators of us and of the Lord.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14|AUTODETECT|” The genuine character of the religious experience of the Thessalonians is portrayed here. They had become imitators (�������, our word mimickers is from the same root), not merely talkers. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.2.14|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.16|AUTODETECT|” ; then also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.1|AUTODETECT|” 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.6.12|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.16|AUTODETECT|” . Paul is not afraid to say, You must be imitators of me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.1|AUTODETECT|” ). He dares to say this because, by sovereign grace, he is able to add, & as I also am of Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.11.1|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” ). And those who are imitators of Paul and of Christ are also imitators of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.5.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.6|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus the arrow points back from Paul (and his associates), to Christ, to God. That is the logical order. That is also why here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.6|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” of us precedes of the Lord. The missionaries had been physically present with them. Even before any conversion had taken place, the earnestness, devotion, enthusiasm, willingness to suffer for Christ, etc., of the missionaries could be seen and watched. These missionaries, in turn, pointed to and spoke about the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 for the title).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” Now it is not possible to imitate Christ in every respect. For example, in his capacity as the Savior of men he cannot be imitated. But the third of comparison (the point with reference to which both the missionaries and the Christ who commissioned them can be imitated) is clearly stated in the words: when amid great tribulation you welcomed the word with joy imparted by the Holy Spirit. Rejoicing amid tribulation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” John 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.20-43.12.36|AUTODETECT|” ) was something about which Paul and Silas could tell a very touching story! And the story had reference to an event that had occurred just before the missionaries had wended their way toward Thessalonica. At Philippi they had been cast into a dungeon, their feet fastened in the stocks. But about midnight Paul and Silas had been singing hymns to God! And this is only one illustration of their rejoicing amid tribulation. Jesus, too, had rejoiced in the midst of tribulation. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.20-43.12.36|AUTODETECT|” John 12:20 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.41|AUTODETECT|” and on 16:33. Hence, when amid similar pressure (see p. 9) those who are here addressed had welcomed the word (the gospel of salvation) with Spirit-wrought joy, they had given unmistakable evidence of being imitators of the missionaries and of Christ himself. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.5.41|AUTODETECT|” Acts 5:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” .) They had proved themselves to be God s elect. The connection with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 must not be lost sight of.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” Now imitators become examples. There is a kind of circle here: first, God performs his works on earth: the Father elects; the Son (and also his special ambassadors) gives an example of rejoicing amid suffering; the Holy Spirit imparts joy. Then the Thessalonians believe, welcome the word, become imitators. They, in turn, carry the good news to others, whose praises (after also they have experienced the great change) glorify God in heaven. Thus the circle has been completed. The Thessalonians, as it were, stand in the middle: the word of the Lord came to them, and they, having accepted it by faith, have sounded it forth sothat others also might hear and believe.

That this is the right interpretation is shown by what follows immediately: sothat you became an example to all the believers in Macedonia and in Achaia. One who is not an imitator cannot become an example (�����, derived from �����; hence, the mark of a blow, the figure made by it; see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.25|AUTODETECT|” John 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.43|AUTODETECT|” ; further, image, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.43|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.25|AUTODETECT|” ; mould, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.23.25|AUTODETECT|” Acts 23:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.44|AUTODETECT|” ; and thus model or pattern for imitation, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.7.44|AUTODETECT|” Acts 7:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.17|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). To all believers in the two Roman provinces of Macedonia (here, besides Thessalonica itself, was Philippi and Berea) and Achaia (here was Athens and Corinth) the Thessalonian converts had become an example. The reason, in exact correspondence with the preceding, is set forth in the following words:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” 8. For, from you the word of the Lord has echoed forth. We repeat what was said in connection with verses 6 and 7: the Thessalonians stood in the middle. They are here compared to a parabolic arch or a sounding-board which re-inforces sounds and causes them to travel in various directions. The arch or the sounding-board does not of itself create the sounds. It occupies a middle-position, receiving them, re-inforcing them, and sending them on.

Thus also the word of the Lord, having been received by those people in Thessalonica who are here addressed, had been re-inforced by their own joyful experience in accepting it, and, thus strengthened, had been echoed forth (the verb is �������; our word echo is related to it), and this not only in Macedonia and Achaia��38�� but in every place your faith toward God has gone forth, sothat it is not necessary for us to say anything. When Paul says, in every place, he must mean also in regions outside of Macedonia and Achaia ; hence, probably also at least in Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor. It should be borne in mind that the populous trading-center, Thessalonica, was so located (on the Egnatian Highway, thus linking the East with the West, and at the head of the Thermaic Gulf, thus connecting it with harbors all over the then-known world) that news could spread very quickly to regions far and near. All the believers at Thessalonica had to do was avail themselves of the opportunities which their strategic location afforded. Now the point certainly is not that merely the rumor with reference to the great change at Thessalonica had been spreading, but rather that the believers there, in the enthusiasm of a great discovery, actively propagated their faith toward God. The preposition toward 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) prepares us for the preposition from in the next verse: they had turned from idols, toward God. There had been a complete turn-about in the direction of their lives.) 1 16 2 8 0 0 But how did Paul know all this? It must be assumed that he had by this time received messages from these various centers. That is not strange at all. Good highways connected the cities of the Roman world, and travel, though slow compared to our own day and age, was not nearly as retarded as some commentators (who reject Thessalonians because of the facts related here in verses 7 10) seem to think. Paul naturally was anxious to relate to all who came to him what great things God had accomplished in Thessalonica. But before he could even get started, the visitors were telling him what they had heard!

Well, Paul did not mind that at all. He rather enjoyed it, as is clear from the words:) 9. for they themselves are reporting about us, what kind of entering in we had among you, and how you turned to God from those idols (of yours), to serve God, the living and real One.) Paul and his companions do not need to report. People are doing (note present continuative tense) this for them. The missionaries hear the report. Others also hear it. The missionaries hear that others hear it.

It is the great news about Paul, Silas, and Timothy and what God has accomplished through them. The tidings, coming from all the regions which had been penetrated by the faith of the Thessalonians, are spreading far and wide.) Now this report, circulated from mouth to mouth, contains two main topics, the second of which is again divided into two subordinate news-items, as follows:) A. Paul, Silas, and Timothy entered in among the Thessalonians in such and such a manner. (As a result, through the operation of the Spirit)) B. The Thessalonians turned to God from the idols (meaning: from those idols of theirs):) 1 to serve a God living and real) and) 2 to await his Son out of the heavens, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus, who rescues us from the wrath to come. ) Various corroborative details are undoubtedly added: there is amplification and clarification.) Naturally, Paul in writing to the Thessalonians changes the direct to the indirect form of discourse: in the present instance the pronoun they becomes we, the Thessalonians (or something similar) becomes you, and there is undoubtedly abbreviation. Hence, we read:) A. & how we entered in among you, and) B. how you turned to God from the idols:) 1 to serve a God living and real) and) 2 to await his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, Jesus, who rescues us from the wrath to come. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.24|AUTODETECT|” The entering in 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.24|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.19|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=61.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Peter 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.5|AUTODETECT|” ) of which Paul speaks must not be viewed as a mere introduction, as is done by some . It has reference to whatever pertained to the coming of the missionaries to Thessalonica and to their work in and outside of the synagogue. The commentary is supplied by Paul himself in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.5|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and 2:1 12; see on these verses. What Paul means, therefore, is this: The charges that are being leveled against us by base opponents are vain. Our way of operating when we came to you and worked among you has become a matter of public knowledge. You yourselves remember it, and others far and wide have heard about it. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” And how you turned. A very significant verb is used (���������� from ��������): to turn, often to return, but here obviously not the latter but the former. The readers (many of whom must have been Gentiles, for they had been worshipping idols) had experienced a real, inner change which had become outwardly manifest: their whole active life was now moving in the opposite direction: away from (��) idols, to 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.1|AUTODETECT|” John 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) God.��39��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” When God converts a man, he changes the entire person, not only the emotions, sothat one regrets his former manner of life (cf. the idea which predominates in the verb �����������), but also the mind and will, with respect to which he experiences a complete change-over (cf. the thought that is placed in the foreground by ����������40��), and all of this becomes apparent in his outward conduct 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.15|AUTODETECT|” It was from the��41�� idols (both the images themselves and the deities whom they represented) that the Thessalonians had turned away. The apostle and his companions had observed this idol-worship, and knew all about it. These idols were merely vain things 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.14.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 14:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). They were dead; hence, totally unable to render any assistance to anyone in time of need.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Now it must have been a momentous change, this turning away from the idols. It is not easy to reject and eject gods which one has worshipped from the days of childhood, and which by one s ancestors, from hoary antiquity, have always been considered very real, sothat their names and individual peculiarities have become household-words. It amounts to nothing less than a religious revolution. The enemies were right when they said that the missionaries were men who turned the world upside down. Idol-worship affected life in all its phases. And we can well imagine that especially to the Thessalonians these deities had seemed very real, for it must be borne in mind that Mt.

Olympus, whose celebrated summit was considered the home of the gods, was close by, only about fifty miles to the S.W. And according to tradition, when Zeus shook his ambrosial curls, that mighty mountain trembled!) Nevertheless, as a result of the operation of God s grace whereby the message was applied to the hearts, the eyes of the Thessalonians had been opened, sothat they saw that their idols were vanities. They had turned from them to a God living and real. Here the true God is not so much pointed out as described. All the emphasis is on his character, which is the very opposite of the idols. They are dead, he is living.

They are unreal, he is real, genuine. They are unable to help, he is almighty and eager to help. To this God the Thessalonians have turned to serve him continually, submitting themselves to him as completely as does a slave to his master, nay far more completely and far more willingly.��42��) Now, turning to a God living and real implies turning to his only begotten Son and salvation through him; hence, there follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.10|AUTODETECT|” 10. and to await his Son out of the heavens. It seems that it was especially the teaching with reference to Christ s return upon the clouds of heaven that had captivated the minds and hearts of the readers. As they saw it and rightly so a man is not truly converted (or turned, verse 9) unless he glories in this doctrine and shores its force in his life. For them true conversion implied (at least) these two things: a. turning away from the idols, and b. turning to God and to his Son who is coming out of the heavens 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” for the plural; and for the idea of the descent see 4:16; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.7|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.1|AUTODETECT|” ; then also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=27.7.1|AUTODETECT|” Dan. 7:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|” 25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.64|AUTODETECT|” 26:64) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” From the heaven of heavens (where in a special sense dwells God surrounded by the redeemed and the angels), and the starry heaven, and the heaven of the clouds, Jesus will descend to take into his embrace his people. This coming they are awaiting. The force of the verb to await must not be lost sight of. It means to look forward to with patience and confidence. This awaiting means far more than merely saying, I believe in Jesus Christ, who ascended into heaven, and from thence he shall come to judge the living and the dead. It implies (both in Greek and in English) being ready for his return.

When you await a visitor, you have prepared everything for his coming. You have arranged the guest-room, the program of activities, your time and your other duties, and all this in such a manner that the visitor will feel perfectly at home. So also, awaiting the very Son of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” John 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) who is coming out of the heavens implies the sanctified heart and life.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.24|AUTODETECT|” This Son of God who is coming out of the heavens is none other than the historical Jesus (see on l:l), the very One whom God actually and physically raised from the dead 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.24|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.25|AUTODETECT|” 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.15|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|” Col. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.1-43.20.10|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.1-43.20.10|AUTODETECT|” John 20:1 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.5|AUTODETECT|” The thought of his coming does not spell terror for the believer. Rather, the lord is at hand & in nothing be anxious! 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.5|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.6|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), for it is this Jesus who rescues (is rescuing) us from the wrath to come (the coming wrath). Jesus, the Savior (see on 1:1) is ever true to his name: he saves, rescues. He does not rescue everybody but us (Paul, Silas, Timothy, believers at Thessalonica, all the elect).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” From the settled indignation (@���) which by nature rests on the sinner 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.36|AUTODETECT|” ), and which by his idolatry and immorality and especially (in the case of those who have heard the good news) by his rejection of the gospel he daily increases, and which will be revealed most fully in the coming day of judgment, Jesus delivers all those who embrace him by living faith. For the concept wrath see also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.36|AUTODETECT|” John 3:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.5-53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” . In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=53.1.5-53.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:5 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 (see on that passage) Paul amplifies the thought of 1:10.) 1 8 2 8 0 0 The Synthesis is found at the end of chapter 2.) 21 Literally: your work of faith and exertion (or: labor) of love and endurance of hope; but such language conveys little meaning in English.) 22 The sense of this statement is: for & that you were chosen (elected) we know from the fact that our gospel, etc.) 23 The question might be asked, But why did not the apostle simply keep his Hebrew name with Grecianized ending to be used in a Greek-speaking environment? In other words, why was he not simply called Saul-os (instead of Paul-os)? This, however, would not have been very pleasant. Who likes to be called loose, wanton, straddling, waddling (������)?) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 24 �� ������� is sometimes called the dative of transmittance.) 25 Our English word church (cf.

German Kirche, Dutch kerk) is also, in all probability related to the Greek ��������-�-��, and means that which is the Lord s. ) 26 It is probably best not to look for any profound reason why the article is omitted in the original. Some, nevertheless, suggest that the reason might be that not all but only some of the inhabitants of Thessalonica had been converted. Far more simple is the explanation given by A. T. Robertson and others, namely, that Thessalonians, being a proper name, is definite even without the article. In line with A.V., A.R.V., R.S.V., etc., we abide by the usual rendering of the Thessalonians. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 27 Thus also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.2|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” . If the idea were: from the triune God through Jesus Christ we would have expected two prepositions, namely, �� and ���. I agree with Lenski (op. cit., p. 219) and others that the expression God the Father 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) refers here to the first person as such. Cf. A. M. Perry, Translating The Greek Article, JBL 68 (Dec., 1949) 329 334.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 28 The latter, if the original meaning of the suffix had been obscured, which is possible. On the use, derivation, and meaning of the word ������ see especially J. Y. Campbell, art. Lord, in A Theological Word Book of the Bible (edited by Alan Richardson), New York, 1952; also J. G. Machen, The Origin of Paul s Religion, Grand Rapids, 1947 (reprint), chapter 8; and G. Vos, The Self-Disclosure of Jesus, New York, 1926, chapter 9.) 29 On this name see G. Vos, op. cit., chapter 8.) 30 See M.M., p. 685.) 31 See R. C. H. Lenski, Interpretation of Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Columbus, Ohio, 1937, p. 27.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” 32 The addition from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ is not supported by the best texts 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 3 2 8 0 0 33 Cf. Andrew W. Blackwood, The Fine Art of Public Worship, Nashville, 1939, p. 153. (He is referring to the benediction at the conclusion of the service, but with respect to the point at issue this makes no essential difference.) See also W. Heyns, Liturgiek, Holland, Mich., 1903, p. 150: It (the salutation) is a declaration of God that he dwells in the midst of the congregation in order to bless it with his grace and peace ; and A. Kuyper, Onze Eeredienst, Kampen, 1911, p. 196: It is not the cordial wish of that man in the pulpit, who prays that whatever is good, including grace and peace, may come your way; but it is God Triune, who pronounces his grace and peace upon you, and who for that purpose uses his servant. ) 34 ) To say that an implied optative indicates that the salutation amounts to the expression of a mere wish is an indication of a superficial and altogether too limited view of the meaning of the optative mood in certain specific connections in Biblical (LXX and New Testament) Greek.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.14|AUTODETECT|” A few examples will make this clear. According to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus said to the fig tree that produced nothing but leaves:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.20|AUTODETECT|” Forevermore may no one eat fruit from you again. The verb (may eat) is in the optative mood. But this optative did not express a mere wish. On the contrary, the wish was effective. It amounted to nothing less than pronouncing an effective curse upon that tree. As they passed by the next morning, the disciples saw the fig tree completely withered, to its very roots 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 11:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.24-4.6.26|AUTODETECT|” More to the point, we have a similar use of the optative in connection with the Aaronitic benediction 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.24-4.6.26|AUTODETECT|” Num. 6:24 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The jussive of the verbal forms in the Old Testament passage very appropriately indicates effective impartation, not mere wishing but effective wishing. Note the optative mood in the LXX translation of this passage. See Gesenius-Kautzsch, Hebrew Grammar, Oxford, 1910, p. 321.) 1 19 2 8 0 0 35 ) The main theories are best represented by the various renderings which have been suggested, of which we shall mention three:) remembering without ceasing (or a similar clause):) (1). your work of faith) and labour of love) and patience of hope. ) We reject this for the simple reason that it makes little or no sense. What is patience of hope anyway?) (2). your work, namely, faith) and labor, namely, love) and patience, namely, hope. ) Aside from doctrinal objections, we reject this because, though it is grammatically possible, it can hardly be said to be true to the Pauline emphasis. Also, the concept, patience, namely, hope, is difficult.) (3). your active faith) and industrious love) and tenacious hope. ) But this places the emphasis where, according to the original, it does not belong. The words stressed in the original are not faith, love and hope, but work, exertion (or labor), and endurance.) As we see it, the grammatical construction of the clause is as follows:) The nouns work, exertion, and endurance are object-genitives after the verb bearing in mind (being mindful of).) The word your modifies all three, hence, your work, your exertion, your endurance.) Each of these nouns has a modifier in the genitive. It matters little whether this is called adjectival or descriptive or subjective genitive or genitive of source. All four terms have been used, but basically the idea is the same (though with a slight variation in emphasis).

The idea is that the work is definitely faith-work, that is, it is work which springs from, is accomplished by, and reveals faith. Were it not for the presence of living faith, this work would not be in evidence. And so with the other modifiers: the exertion is prompted by (and reveals) love; and the endurance is inspired by (and gives evidence of) hope.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.16|AUTODETECT|” We construe Lord Jesus Christ to be objective genitive after the noun hope, which stands closest to it. That is the most natural construction, yields an excellent meaning, which, moreover, is in harmony with parallel passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.16|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The fact that, thus construed, the third element in the series is of greater length than the other two does not worry us in the least. Paul is no lover of rigid symmetry. He frequently lengthens (or at least varies) the last of several elements in a series. That makes for progression in thought. Note, for example, how in this very letter when the series faith, love, hope is mentioned in 5:8, the apostle enlarges on hope . For the opposite view (according to which our Lord Jesus Christ belongs to all three items in the series, so that the meaning becomes: work & labor & hope, all three embracing him, or centering in him) see Lenski s diagram on p. 221 of his Commentary; and see Van Leeuwen (Kommentaar, p. 300; Korte Verklaring, pp. 15 17).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 We do not see any need of linking in the presence of (��������) with the remote participle bearing in mind (�������������). Much more natural is the construction of this preposition with the immediately preceding words, just as in 2:19 and 3:13.) 36 Excellent are the practical remarks with reference to this in the book by H. Veldkamp, In De Schemering Van Christus Wederkomst, Kampen, 1928, pp. 20 25.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.19|AUTODETECT|” 37 See also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.19|AUTODETECT|” John 15:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.42|AUTODETECT|” ; H. Bavinck, The Doctrine Of God (translated by W. Hendriksen), Grand Rapids, Mich., 1951, pp. 337 407; and L. Berkhof, Systematic Theology, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1949, pp. 109 125. The term elect does not always refer to the divine decree; see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.42|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.70|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.70|AUTODETECT|” John 6:70) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.5|AUTODETECT|” 6:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.37|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.4.37|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 4:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.6-5.7.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.7.6-5.7.8|AUTODETECT|” 7:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.10.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.10.24|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 10:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , etc.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 38 Perhaps here viewed as a unit; we might say: Greece, but the correct reading is somewhat uncertain: it cannot be established with certainty whether the definite article here in verse 8 also precedes Achaia.) 39 For the various terms used in Scripture to indicate conversion, and a discussion of their meaning, see L. Berkhof, Systematic Theology, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1949, pp. 480 492; R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1948 (reprint), par. lxix. On the synonym �������� see especially W. D. Chamberlain, The Meaning of Repentance, Philadelphia, 1943.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” 40 Though mind and will are in the foreground when �������� is used, the emotions are not excluded: complete transformation or conversion is meant. The word looks forward as well as backward; hence, repentance, a term which merely looks backward, is not the proper translation, and, of course, penance is even worse. An excellent study-passage in this connection is ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , in the original.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.20|AUTODETECT|” 41 Generic use of the article. This comprehends the class as a single whole, definitely present to the mind of the writer (and, of course, to the mind of the reader), especially from the point of view of this or that characteristic: the idols in all their helplessness! In such a case the article should not be omitted in the translation , for if this is done one loses the flavor of the original. I would suggest that in translating such a generic article, one either simply retain it in English or else in order to bring out its force even more clearly choose as its English equivalent the demonstrative . Cf. a similar use of the article in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” , and with a noun in the sing. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.7|AUTODETECT|” Luke 10:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” . In the use of the generic article (as well as the article with abstract nouns) German and Dutch usage more nearly approaches the Greek than does English usage. Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.9|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the German von den Abg�ttern and the Dutch van de afgoden is very normal.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.15|AUTODETECT|” 42 For that reason I do not favor the translation to be slaves of. Although that rendering does bring out the idea of complete submission, it clashes with the voluntary and joyful character of the worship that is rendered to God. See also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.15|AUTODETECT|” John 15:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 )