Mark 1

-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 12 2 8 0 0 Its Beginning) or) Inauguration) Chapter 1:1 13) CHAPTER I:1 13) Outline of Chapter 1:1 13) Theme: The Work Which Thou Gavest Him To Do) 1:1 8 The Ministry of John the Baptist) 1:9 11 The Baptism of Jesus) 1:12 13 The Temptation of Jesus in the Wilderness) ) 1:1 8 The Ministry of John the Baptist) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.1-40.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.1-40.3.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:1 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.4-42.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.4-42.3.18|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:4 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.6-43.1.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.6-43.1.8|AUTODETECT|” John 1:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.15-43.1.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.15-43.1.28|AUTODETECT|” 15 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ��9��) 1 11 2 8 0 0 1 1 Beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. 2 As it is written in Isaiah the prophet,) Behold, I send my messenger before thy face,) Who shall prepare thy way.) 3 A voice of one crying in the wilderness:) Make ready the way of the Lord,) Make straight his paths. ) 4 So John the Baptist came, baptizing in the wilderness and proclaiming a baptism of conversion��8�� for the forgiveness of sins 5 And there were going out to him all the land of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem. Confessing their sins they were being baptized by him in the Jordan River.) 6 Now John was wearing a garment made of camel s hair, and a leather belt around his waist; and he was in the habit of eating locusts and wild honey. 7 He was preaching, saying, After me comes One who is mightier than I, whose sandal straps I, bending down, am not fit to untie. 8 I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit. ) ) Though in many respects the four Gospels resemble each other, each has a different point of departure. Matthew begins his story with an account of the ancestry, conception, birth, and naming of Jesus; Luke (after a dedicatory introduction), with a narrative of the birth of John the Baptist; John, with the reminder that the Word, meaning Jesus Christ, already existed in the beginning, that is, from all eternity, and became incarnate. What is Mark s starting-point, and why? It has already been indicated that Mark pictures Christ as an active, energetic, swiftly moving, warring, conquering King. Now when a king is about to arrive he is generally preceded by a herald.

The herald s function is to prepare the way for the king and to proclaim his coming or arrival. It is not surprising, therefore, that Mark s Gospel starts out by picturing the herald, so that from the very outset the student of this writing may be impressed with the exalted character of the One who is being heralded or proclaimed.) 1. Beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Although in the original the word Beginning is not preceded by an article, it probably permits the translation The beginning as well as Beginning. More important is the question whether the words Beginning [or: The beginning] of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God must be a. construed independently, as the title of this entire Gospel, or b. regarded as being closely connected with what immediately follows, namely, As it is written & Behold, I send my messenger before thy face who shall prepare thy way & So John the Baptist came & ��10�� In defense of the book-title theory it has been argued that according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

Luke also viewed his former treatise as the beginning of the gospel. However, since Mark was probably not thinking of writing two books it is questionable whether this analogy holds. Arguments against the book-title theory and in favor of linking verse 1 with verses 2 4 are the following:) 1 2 2 8 0 0

First, if 1:1 had been intended as a superscription or title for the entire Gospel, would not The gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God have been more natural than Beginning of the gospel & ?) Secondly, does not the word As indicate that verse 1 is closely connected with what immediately follows (in verses 2 4) with reference to prophecies that were fulfilled in John the Baptist?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.37|AUTODETECT|”

Thirdly, it should be borne in mind that in all probability Mark was indeed Peter s interpreter. Now when Peter proclaimed the good news in the home of Cornelius he too traced its beginning to John the Baptist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.37|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 10:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).��11��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.16.16|AUTODETECT|”

And finally, did not Jesus also state that it was John the Baptist who had begun to proclaim God s royal rule in his Son? See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.16.16|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 16:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

.) 1 1 2 8 0 0

On the basis of all these considerations the most natural meaning of verse 1 would seem to be: The good news about Jesus Christ, the Son of God, began with John the Baptist. It was John who, as predicted, prepared the way for Christ s coming. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

There was a time when the word euaggelion (evangel, gospel) indicated a reward that was given for the bringing of good news. However, gradually it began to be used as a designation for the good news itself. This is obviously also the meaning here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. The gospel is the message of salvation addressed to a world lost in sin. Not what we must do but what God in Christ has done is the most important part of that good news. For fuller explanation see N.T.C. on Philippians, pp. 81 85.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

Now this gospel concerns Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Mark, who writes this book, and John the Baptist, prophetically announced in verses 2, 3, have in common that they are ever directing the attention of the people away from themselves to their Lord. Thus Mark never mentions himself by name, not at the beginning of his writing nor anywhere else, not even in 14:51, 52. How closely his humility resembles that of the Baptist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

John 3:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

)!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Note the exalted title given to the Savior here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|”

. His name is Jesus, for he will certainly save. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.27-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.27-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

11:27 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|”

John 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.12|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|”

. To this personal name Jesus is added the official name Christ, the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew Messiah, meaning Anointed. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 61:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.16-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.16-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 4:16 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. It indicates that its Bearer was by the Holy Spirit anointed hence, ordained: set apart (or commissioned) and qualified as Prophet, Priest, and King, in order to carry out the task of saving his people to the glorv of God Triune.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.9.6|AUTODETECT|”

To Jesus Christ is added the Son of God. ��12�� Not only is this designation applied to Jesus again and again in this Gospel (besides 1:1 see also 3:11; 5:7; 9:7, 14:61, 62; 15:39), but it is also in harmony with the fact that throughout his book Mark is constantly ascribing divine qualities and activities to Jesus, showing that the author regards the Savior as being indeed the Son of God in the full trinitarian sense. The rest of Scripture also confirms this fact 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.9.6|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 9:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 28:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.1-43.1.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.1-43.1.4|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:1 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.8.58|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.8.58|AUTODETECT|”

8:58) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.30|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.30|AUTODETECT|”

10:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.33|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.33|AUTODETECT|”

33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.9.5|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 9:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.6|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.16|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.9|AUTODETECT|”

2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

Heb. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). For anyone to say that Jesus was both wise and good, and then to turn around and affirm that he was not uniquely the Son of God is inconsistent, for if he was not God his claims were false. If his claims were false he could not have been wise and good. The denial of the deity of Jesus destroys the very foundation on which the Christian s hope is built.��13��) 1 3 2 8 0 0

The beginning, then, of the gospel not meaning the book (Gospel) but the good news itself (gospel) concerning Jesus Christ, the Son of God, was 2. As it is written in Isaiah the prophet,) Behold, I send my messenger before thy face,) Who shall prepare thy way.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mark tells us that he is going to quote from Isaiah. He does exactly that, though not immediately. First, here in verse 2, he quotes ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

; next, in verse 3, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. The second reference is clarified by the first, for when the reader or listener, having first reflected on the quotation from Malachi, next rivets his attention on the words from Isaiah, he will know that the voice to which the latter passage refers is not an abstraction but the Lord s messenger. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.9|AUTODETECT|”

This method of quotation, namely, mentioning by name only one source when the reference is to two, is not peculiar to Mark. Matthew does this also, and again with good reason. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.9|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 27:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.10|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.10|AUTODETECT|”

10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=14.36.21|AUTODETECT|”

. Similarly, the quotation found in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=14.36.21|AUTODETECT|”

II Chron. 36:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.34|AUTODETECT|”

, drawn from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.34|AUTODETECT|”

Lev. 26:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.35|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.26.35|AUTODETECT|”

35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.25.12|AUTODETECT|”

and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.25.12|AUTODETECT|”

Jer. 25:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

(cf. 29:10), is ascribed only to Jeremiah. To those who would find fault with this we would put two questions: First, what right have we to impose our own method of citation upon the authors of Scripture? Secondly, when by implication Mark promises to give us one thing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

a), and then gives us two a quotation from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

and one from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

, why should we complain?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|”

As to the quoted words, Behold, I send my messenger & who shall prepare & 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.7.27|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.7.27|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 7:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.23.10|AUTODETECT|”

), see the LXX rendering of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.23.10|AUTODETECT|”

Exod. 23:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

.��14�� This is also substantially what is found in the Hebrew original of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

. The meaning of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.13|AUTODETECT|”

is in all probability: Take note, I, Jehovah, send my messenger, to be the forerunner of thee, the Messiah. Moreover, in the final analysis the forerunner to whom reference is made functions in a spiritual sense. His task is to prepare the hearts of the people for the reception of their Messiah. Thus the forerunner paves the way for Messiah s first coming, but in view of the fact that the two comings are stages whereby God comes to his people in Immanuel, therefore in the Malachi context even that second coming is definitely included. In fact, as is common in the prophets, no clear distinction was as yet drawn between the two arrivals. Mark, however, as is clear from verse 4, very legitimately 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.13|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) applies the prophecy especially to the first phase of the coming, or, to put it more simply, to the first coming.) 1 4 2 8 0 0

Before mentioning the herald s name, Mark without any words of transition, according to his promise quotes from Isaiah (40:3):) 3. A voice of one crying in the wilderness:) Make ready the way of the Lord,) Make straight his paths.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

These words are found also, in that same form, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.3|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

. The wording, though identical in the three Synoptics, differs from the form in which it occurs in the Hebrew Old Testament of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

and from the way it was rendered in the LXX (Greek) translation. The explanation for their remarkable identity in Matthew, Mark, and Luke may well be that Matthew, the former publican, had made his own paraphrase of Old Testament passages fulfilled in the New, and that, together with other notes, this material had been distributed widely before any of our four Gospels had been written.��15��) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3-23.40.5|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 40:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

symbolically pictures the approach of Jehovah for the purpose of leading the procession of Jews who will be returning joyfully to their homeland after long years of captivity. In the Syrian desert, between Babylonia and Palestine, the way must be prepared for the Lord s coming. So, a herald cries out to the people,) 1 2 2 8 0 0

In the wilderness make ready the way of the Lord,) Make straight in the desert a highway for our God. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.23|AUTODETECT|”

This figure of the herald is in the Gospels applied to John, as Christ s herald. The Baptist, by saying, I am the voice & shows that he agrees with this interpretation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.23|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|”

). So does Jesus himself 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.10|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). This shows that the deliverance granted to the Jews when, in the latter part of the sixth century b.c. and afterward, they returned to their own country was but a type of that far more glorious liberation in store for all who accept Christ as their Savior and Lord. In other words, Isaiah s prophecy regarding the voice that cried out lacked total fulfilment until both Messiah s forerunner and also the Lord himself had arrived on the scene.��16��) 1 1 2 8 0 0

Though we know that in verses 2 and 3 Mark is referring to John the Baptist, he does not mention the herald s name until he reaches verse 4. So John the Baptist came, baptizing in the wilderness.& ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

The appropriate character of the application of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

to John the Baptist is evident from the following: a. John was preaching in the wilderness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|”

); and b. the task assigned to him from the days of his infancy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.76|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 1:76) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.77|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.77|AUTODETECT|”

77) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

), yes even earlier 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.22-43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

), was exactly this, namely, to be Messiah s herald or way-preparer. He was to be the Lord s voice to the people, all of that but not more than that (cf.) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.22-43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

John 3:22 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.9|AUTODETECT|”

). As such he must not only announce Christ s approach and presence but also urge the people to prepare the way of the Lord, that is, by God s grace and power to effect a complete change of mind and heart. This implies that they must make straight his paths, meaning that they must provide the Lord with a ready access into their hearts and lives. They must make straight whatever was crooked, not in line with God s holy will. They must clear away all the obstacles which they had thrown into his path; such obstructions as self-righteousness and smug complacency 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.9|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.13|AUTODETECT|”

), greed, cruelty, slander, etc. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.13|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|”

John was preaching in the wilderness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

), the wilderness of Judea 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

), a term indicating the rolling bad lands between the hill country of Judea to the west, and the Dead Sea and lower Jordan to the east, stretching northward to about the point where the Jabbok flows into the Jordan. It is indeed a desolation, a vast undulating expanse of barren chalky soil covered with pebbles, broken stones and rocks. Here and there a bit of brushwood appears, with snakes crawling underneath. It is clear, however, from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.5|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) that the terrain of John s activity extended even to the east bank of the Jordan. It is evident that, both in Isaiah and in John s preaching as recorded by Mark, the wilderness through which a path must be made ready for the Lord is in the final analysis the people s heart, inclined to all evil.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|”

What is emphasized with respect to John is that he was the Baptizer or Baptist. Now what was new and startling was not that he baptized, for the people were already acquainted with the baptism of proselytes, but rather that this rite, being the sign and seal 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.4.11|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 4:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.11|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.2.12|AUTODETECT|”

12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|”

) of a fundamental transformation of mind, heart, and life, was required even of the children of Abraham! They too must be converted, for Mark continues: and proclaiming a baptism of conversion.& One could also say, with a view to conversion 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). To be sure, a man must already be converted before he can properly receive baptism. However, it is also true that by means of baptism conversion is powerfully stimulated. How could devout reflection on the adopting, pardoning, and cleansing grace of God have any different effect?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|”

The word which I have rendered conversion repentance in A.V. and in many other translations indicates a radical change of mind and heart leading to a complete turnabout of life. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.7.8-47.7.10|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 7:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.2.25|AUTODETECT|”

II Tim. 2:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

. Repentance is certainly a basic element in conversion. Such a conversion is for the forgiveness of sins. When John baptized he called upon the people to confess their sins 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). The law of God, conscience, the cleansing water, the words of the Baptist, all these impressed upon the people the need to confess and to be cleansed from their sins. The stepping down into the Jordan and later stepping up out of it reminded them that the old sinful self must be buried so that those baptized may rise to newness of life.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.16.0|AUTODETECT|”

The word forgiveness means remission or sending away. It is a very comforting expression, reminding one of such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.16.0|AUTODETECT|”

Lev. 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|”

(the two goats); ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.103.12|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 103:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=33.7.18|AUTODETECT|”

; 44:22 ; 55:6, 7 ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=33.7.18|AUTODETECT|”

Mic. 7:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.29|AUTODETECT|”

. The importance of this divine favor, apart from which life everlasting is impossible, is stressed also in many New Testament passages 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.29|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 3:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.24.47|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.24.47|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 24:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.38|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 2:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.5|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.5|AUTODETECT|”

5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.43|AUTODETECT|”

:31; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.43|AUTODETECT|”

10:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.34|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.34|AUTODETECT|”

13:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.38|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.38|AUTODETECT|”

38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.19.4|AUTODETECT|”

19:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.26.18|AUTODETECT|”

26:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=51.1.14|AUTODETECT|”

Col. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

). That removal of sin necessitated the shedding of the blood of the Lamb was taught by John the Baptist himself 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|”

), in thorough harmony with the teaching of Christ and the apostles, as recorded by Mark and other New Testament writers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.24|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.24|AUTODETECT|”

14:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.28|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.28|AUTODETECT|”

26:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.20|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.20|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 22:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.53|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.53|AUTODETECT|”

John 6:53) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.56|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.56|AUTODETECT|”

56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.3.25|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=45.3.25|AUTODETECT|”

Rom. 3:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=58.9.22|AUTODETECT|”

Heb. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=60.2.24|AUTODETECT|”

I Peter 2:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.1.5|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.5.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.5.6|AUTODETECT|”

5:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.5.9|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.5.9|AUTODETECT|”

9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Though Mark informs us that John came, he does not say when he made his first public appearance. Matthew s time designation is also very indefinite . For a more precise chronological note see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.1|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.2|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.2|AUTODETECT|”

2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

. If John, like Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

), was about thirty years of age when he made his first public appearance, then, since the Baptist was about six months older than Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|”

36) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

), and Jesus probably began his ministry about late a.d. 26,��17�� it was likely during the summer of that same year that John began to address the multitudes and to baptize.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.21.31|AUTODETECT|”

5. And there were going out to him all the land of Judea and all the people of Jerusalem. Multitudes went out to see and hear John. He did not withdraw himself from them. He was no hermit or recluse. He was entirely willing to have the crowds come out to see and hear him. In fact, he wanted to be of service to them. In this respect John differed from the men who belonged to the Qumran community, about which we have been hearing so much since the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. To a considerable extent these men had withdrawn themselves from the public. The Baptist, on the other hand, welcomed multitudes, not only men but also women 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.21.31|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 21:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.21.32|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.21.32|AUTODETECT|”

32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). He did not try to conceal his convictions.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.25-43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

Yet, even so, does not the record indicate a difference between John and Jesus? To be sure, multitudes in fact, even greater multitudes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.25-43.3.30|AUTODETECT|”

John 3:25 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.32|AUTODETECT|”

) were going to resort to Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.32|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.1|AUTODETECT|”

2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.2|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.2|AUTODETECT|”

2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.2.13|AUTODETECT|”

13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.8|AUTODETECT|”

3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.1|AUTODETECT|”

4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.5.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.5.21|AUTODETECT|”

5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.33|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.33|AUTODETECT|”

6:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.55|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.55|AUTODETECT|”

55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.56|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.56|AUTODETECT|”

56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.1|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.1|AUTODETECT|”

10:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.34|AUTODETECT|”

). He, too, would welcome them, his heart going out to them (9:36). He would even call and invite men 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.34|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 8:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.13|AUTODETECT|”

10:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.49|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.49|AUTODETECT|”

49) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.38|AUTODETECT|”

). But even more, he would actually take the initiative and go out to meet the people 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.38|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.14|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.14|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 14:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|”

). Had he not come from heaven in order to seek and to save sinners 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

)?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.114.3|AUTODETECT|”

As to the multitudes that went to see and hear John, they are described here in somewhat figurative language. The expression the land may be considered synecdoche, a figure in which one object (here the people) is called by the name of another that is closely associated with it (here the land). Or, in view of the action ascribed to this land it might even be called personification 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.114.3|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 114:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.114.4|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.114.4|AUTODETECT|”

4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=35.3.10|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=35.3.10|AUTODETECT|”

Hab. 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.22.29|AUTODETECT|”

). It is clear at least that land refers here to those who inhabit it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=24.22.29|AUTODETECT|”

Jer. 22:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.7.12|AUTODETECT|”

); in the present case, the people of Judea. This harmonizes with and & the people of Jerusalem. As to all , this is hyperbole, and as such entirely legitimate. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.7.12|AUTODETECT|”

Judg. 7:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=10.1.23|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=10.1.23|AUTODETECT|”

II Sam. 1:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.14.23|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=11.14.23|AUTODETECT|”

I Kings 14:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.6.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=19.6.6|AUTODETECT|”

Ps. 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

Matthew adds, and the whole Jordan neighborhood. Not only the inhabitants of Judea in general, including those of Jerusalem, but definitely also those living on either side of the Jordan, resorted to John. There must have been thousands upon thousands of people, one crowd replacing another, and then still another, and another, etc. The Baptist, too, did not always remain at exactly the same place, but beginning in the vicinity of the Dead Sea seems to have ascended the Jordan Valley until he reached Bethany beyond Jordan 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.28|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

), and a little later, Aenon near Salim, having crossed the river, and thus having arrived at a place west of it, with seven springs, a spot within easy reach of people of four provinces: Galilee, Samaria, Decapolis, and Perea 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

John 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

). It is not surprising, therefore, that some of Christ s earliest disciples who had evidently been baptized by John were living in Galilee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:35 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). Confessing their sins they were being baptized by him in the Jordan River. See on v. 4.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

A description of John s attire and mode of life is given in the words of verse 6. Now John was wearing a garment made of camel s hair, and a leather belt around his waist; and he was in the habit of eating locusts and wild honey. John s long, flowing garment, woven from camel s hair, reminds us somewhat of Elijah s mantle, though there is a difference in the description 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.4|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=12.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=12.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

II Kings 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.13.4|AUTODETECT|”

). Such rugged apparel may have been regarded as symbolic of the prophetic office. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=38.13.4|AUTODETECT|”

Zech. 13:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.28.14|AUTODETECT|”

7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.28.14|AUTODETECT|”

I Sam. 28:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.8|AUTODETECT|”

) seems to point in that direction. At any rate, such rough garb was fit for desert wear. It was durable and economical. Jesus makes special mention of the fact that John did not wear fine clothes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.8|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|”

). The leather belt fastened at the waist not only kept the loose robe from blowing and tearing apart but also enabled it to be tucked up to facilitate walking. In this connection see also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.6.14|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.32.13|AUTODETECT|”

John s food was as simple as was his clothing. He subsisted on locusts and wild honey, evidently such fare as could be found in the wilderness. Honey, the kind that is found in the wild, presents no problem. It was not just a sweetener (sugar, as we now know it, being then rather rare) but an article of food. In the wilderness it could be found under rocks or in crevices between the rocks 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=5.32.13|AUTODETECT|”

Deut. 32:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.8|AUTODETECT|”

). The role which wild honey played in the stories of Samson 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.8|AUTODETECT|”

Judg. 14:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.9|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.9|AUTODETECT|”

9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.18|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=7.14.18|AUTODETECT|”

18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.25|AUTODETECT|”

) and of Jonathan 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.25|AUTODETECT|”

I Sam. 14:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.26|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.26|AUTODETECT|”

26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.29|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=9.14.29|AUTODETECT|”

29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) is too well-known to need elaboration.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.11.22|AUTODETECT|”

But locusts! It is entirely possible that one shudders to think of actually eating them, their legs and wings having been discarded, their bodies roasted or baked, a little salt added. Nevertheless, it is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.11.22|AUTODETECT|”

Lev. 11:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

that the Lord permitted and by implication encouraged the Israelites to eat four kinds of insects which we in North America would popularly call locusts. Even today certain Arabian tribes relish them. And why not? The Latin saying, De gustibus non disputandum est still holds. Those who enjoy shrimp, mussel, oyster, and frog-leg should not find fault with those who eat the locust.) 1 1 2 8 0 0

It is, however, not necessary to conclude that verse 6 gives us a complete summary of the Baptist s diet. The main point is that by means of his simple mode of life, evident with respect to both food and clothing, he was a living protest against all selfishness and self-indulgence, hence also against that frivolousness, carelessness, and false security with which many people were rushing toward their doom.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.1.16-23.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

Of course all John could do was to urge upon his hearers the necessity of conversion. As to baptism, considered as a symbol of divine purification 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.1.16-23.1.18|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 1:16 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=26.36.25|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=26.36.25|AUTODETECT|”

Ezek. 36:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|”

), John was able to perform only the outward rite. To impart the thing signified required the power and the grace of One mightier than John. We are not surprised, therefore, that Mark continues: 7, 8. He was preaching, saying, after me comes One who is mightier than I, whose sandal straps I, bending down, am not fit to untie. I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit. In these verses Mark informs us that John, Christ s forerunner, gave a twofold comparative description of Jesus, indicating a. the latter s superior majesty, mightier than I (verse 7), and b. his equally superior activity (verse 8). It was necessary for John to draw this contrast between himself and his Master, for soon the people were wondering whether perhaps the Baptist might not himself be the Christ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.15|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.19|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.20|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.20|AUTODETECT|”

20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.25-43.3.36|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.3.25-43.3.36|AUTODETECT|”

3:25 36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.19-43.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

). Note how also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.19-43.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:19 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

the herald unconditionally rejects this thoroughly erroneous and reprehensible notion. True, on life s pathway, not only in his birth but also in the beginning of his public ministry, Jesus had come behind John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.1.36|AUTODETECT|”

36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|”

3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.15-43.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

). But between Christ and the Baptist there was a qualitative difference as between the Infinite and the finite, the Eternal and the temporal, the Original Light of the sun and the reflected light of the moon 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.15-43.1.17|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:15 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.8.44-42.8.46|AUTODETECT|”

In order to emphasize this contrast between himself and his Superior, John uses an illustration borrowed from the custom prevailing at the time, namely, that when, weary of travel and with dusty sandals, a master would return home, his menial servant or slave would try in every way to make him comfortable. He would of course render this same service to his master s honored guests. Its omission would be cause for justified criticism 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.8.44-42.8.46|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 8:44 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

). In the present instance one item of the service rendered is singled out, namely, that of untying or unlacing the honored person s dusty sandals and removing them. In the New Testament this figure occurs in forms which, though varying somewhat, in essence are the same. Whether one speaks of untying sandal straps 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.16|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

), bending down (Mark alone adds this little detail) and untying these straps 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.7|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.25|AUTODETECT|”

), untying sandals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.13.25|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 13:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|”

), or even removing sandals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

), in each case the basic idea is that the underling stoops down in order to loosen the straps or laces of this footwear, and then brings it to the proper place and cleans it.) 1 3 2 8 0 0

To appreciate more fully what depth of genuine humility is expressed when, with reference to Jesus, the Baptist says whose sandal straps I, bending down, am not fit to untie it should be borne in mind that according to an ancient Jewish tradition the difference between a disciple and a servant was this, that a disciple was willing to perform every service for his master that a menial servant would perform except to untie his sandals. So what may very well be implied here are three ascending degrees or stages of humility:) a. The disciple is willing to render almost every service.) b. The slave or humblest servant is willing to render every service.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

c. The Baptist considers himself unfit or unworthy to render the service of untying his Master s sandal straps. In this connection see also N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.3|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.5-50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.2.5-50.2.8|AUTODETECT|”

5 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|”

, and on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|”

I Tim. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

John, moreover, baptizes with water; Jesus will baptize with the Spirit. He will cause his Spirit and the latter s gifts to come upon his followers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

), to be poured out on them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.17|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 2:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.33|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.33|AUTODETECT|”

33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.44|AUTODETECT|”

), to fall upon them 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.44|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 10:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.11.15|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.11.15|AUTODETECT|”

11:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.5|AUTODETECT|”

). Now it is true that whenever a person, having been drawn out of the darkness into God s marvelous light, is baptized, he is baptized with the Holy Spirit. However, according to Christ s own words 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.5|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|”

8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.11.16|AUTODETECT|”

), remembered by Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.11.16|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 11:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.2.20|AUTODETECT|”

), in a special sense this prediction was fulfilled on the day of Pentecost and the era which it introduced. It was then that, through the coming of the Spirit, the minds of Christ s followers were enriched with unprecedented illumination 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=62.2.20|AUTODETECT|”

I John 2:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

); their wills strengthened, like never before, with contagious animation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.19|AUTODETECT|”

19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.20|AUTODETECT|”

20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.33|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.33|AUTODETECT|”

33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.5.29|AUTODETECT|”

5:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.44-44.2.47|AUTODETECT|”

); and their hearts flooded with warm affection to a previously unprecedented degree 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.2.44-44.2.47|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 2:44 47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.3.6|AUTODETECT|”

3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.32|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.4.32|AUTODETECT|”

4:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 2 2 8 0 0

) 1:9 11 The Baptism of Jesus) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.13-40.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.13-40.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:13 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|”

22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.32-43.1.34|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.32-43.1.34|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:32 34) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.0|AUTODETECT|”

9 Now it happened in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.10.0|AUTODETECT|”

John. 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

And immediately, as he was stepping up out of the water, he saw the heavens split open and the Spirit like a dove descending on him; 11 And a voice came from heaven, Thou art my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased. ) 1 1 2 8 0 0

) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.13-40.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

9. Now it happened in those days that Jesus came from Nazareth of Galilee and was baptized in the Jordan by John. Though it often happens that Mark gives a more detailed account of an event than does Matthew, at times the opposite is true. So it is in the present case. Mark devotes only three verses to this incident and fails to say anything about the objection raised by John when Jesus presented himself to him to be baptized. Luke also omits this detail and uses only two verses to tell the story of Christ s baptism by John. For the full story we must turn to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.3.13-40.3.17|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 3:13 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

five verses.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Mark s phrase in those days probably indicates at the height of John s baptizing activity. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.55|AUTODETECT|” . Note the difference between Matthew who states that Jesus, in making his first public appearance, came from Galilee (to the Jordan), while Mark is more specific and says, from Nazareth of Galilee. It is possible that Mark does this because he was writing to Gentiles, people who were not well acquainted with Jewish terrain. But not too much can be made of this. The phrase Nazareth of Galilee is also found in Matthew (21:11). And in connection with the story of Christ s baptism Matthew did not have to add from Nazareth because that is where he had left Jesus a few verses earlier (2:22, 23, where both Nazareth and Galilee are mentioned). It was at Nazareth that Joseph, Jesus legal father, had plied the carpenter s trade 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.55|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ). It was here that Jesus grew up to manhood, and became known as the carpenter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|” ). At the age of thirty 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) Jesus left Nazareth and proceeded on his way to the Jordan.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In very simple language Mark states that Jesus was baptized in the Jordan by John. Did Jesus step down Jordan s bank into the water, so that his feet were covered with water, and did the Baptist then pour or sprinkle water on the Master s head? It has not pleased the Holy Spirit to give us any details in this connection as to the mode of baptism.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” The question may be asked, however, Since Jesus was sinless, and the water of baptism symbolized the necessity of the removal of filth, that is of sin, how then was it possible for the Sinless One to submit to baptism? Many answers have been given. The most simple one may well be the best. Jesus did, after all, have sin, namely ours. Is not this answer suggested by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” ( All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and Jehovah has laid on him the iniquity of us all ); and by the fact that not very long after John had baptized Jesus, the Baptist saw him approaching and exclaimed to his audience, Look, the Lamb of God who is taking away the sin of the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” John 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” )? It would appear, therefore, that the demand of Jesus to be baptized by John signified his solemn resolution to take upon himself the guilt of those for whom he was going to die. In a sense, by means of baptism Jesus was fulfilling part of his task of laying down his life for his sheep. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” John 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.3.18|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 3:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Moreover, apart from this voluntary self-surrender, symbolized by his baptism, would not all other baptisms have been meaningless? It was by means of the Savior s sacrifice of himself that the basis was established for the forgiveness of sins, a forgiveness signified and sealed by baptism for all those who sincerely confess their unworthiness and intended to pursue their further journey in newness of life. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” 10, 11. And immediately, as he was stepping up out of the water, he saw the heavens split open and the Spirit like a dove descending on him; and a voice came from heaven, Thou art my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased. Gloriously the Trinity is here revealed. At the very moment when the Son, having been baptized, starts to step up out of the water, heaven suddenly opens wide and the Spirit descends on him. Jesus himself sees something resembling a dove, and representing the Spirit, coming lower and lower and going directly toward him. Though not all interpreters agree, it must be maintained that the pronoun he in he saw the heavens & refers to Jesus.��18�� And the Father, as it were deeply impressed with the willingness of his Son to shoulder so heavy a burden for, as has been pointed out, by means of submitting to this cleansing rite he confirmed his promise, made from eternity, to take upon himself and atone for the sin of the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” John 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) proclaims, Thou art my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased. Thus, very touchingly the doctrine of the Holy Trinity in action is set forth. That these three are One is the comfort of every believer.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 As to the details a few more remarks are in order:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.45.7|AUTODETECT|” First, as to the Son, the question might be asked, Was (and is) he not divine, and therefore not in need of the anointing of the Holy Spirit to qualify him for the carrying out of his task? Answer: The divine Son at his incarnation adopted the human nature, which is in need of, and capable of, being strengthened. Thus qualified he, as divine and human Mediator, was enabled to function in his threefold office as Prophet, Priest, and King, for the salvation of God s people, to the glory of God Triune. With respect to this anointing see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.45.7|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 45:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 61:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1|AUTODETECT|” ff.; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.1|AUTODETECT|” 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.2|AUTODETECT|”

2. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.27|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.28.18|AUTODETECT|” 28:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.34|AUTODETECT|” John 3:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.13|AUTODETECT|” Secondly, as to the Spirit, Why was the third person of the Trinity represented by an object in the shape of a dove? Answer: Perhaps in order to indicate the purity, gentleness, peacefulness, and graciousness which characteristics mark the Holy Spirit, and are in popular opinion, as well as even in Scripture 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.13|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 68:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=22.6.9|AUTODETECT|” ; Song of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=22.6.9|AUTODETECT|” Sol. 6:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), associated with the dove. Did the water of Jordan suggest the need of cleansing? The Holy Spirit, symbolized by a form resembling a dove and resting on the Son, could very well indicate that in and by himself Jesus, Spirit-indwelt, was pure and holy; not only that but also gentle and peaceful. The sins for which he was to die were not his own but had been imputed to him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Thirdly, as to the Father, Whose voice was it that exclaimed, Thou art my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased ? The Speaker is not named.��19�� Neither is this necessary, for the very phraseology identifies the Speaker as being, of course, the Father. Moreover, not only in his official Messianic capacity but also as Son by eternal generation, the One who fully shares the divine essence together with the Father and the Spirit, is he the Father s Beloved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.14|AUTODETECT|” John 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.17|AUTODETECT|” 10:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.17.23|AUTODETECT|” 17:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). No higher love is possible than the love which the Father cherishes toward his Son. According to the verbal adjective (agaptos: beloved) here used, this love is deep-seated, thorough-going, as great as is the heart of God itself. It is also as intelligent and purposeful as is the mind of God. It is tender, vast, infinite!��20��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In the original the words My Son, the Beloved are so constructed that with this repetition of the article equal emphasis is placed on both the noun, Son, and the adjective, Beloved. In fact, the addition (after the noun) of the adjective, with repetition of the article, forms a kind of climax.��21��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.8.30|AUTODETECT|” In addition to possessing all the qualities already ascribed to this love it is also eternal; that is, it is timeless, raised far above all temporal boundaries. Though some disagree, the rendering in whom I am well pleased must be considered correct.��22�� In the quiet recess of eternity the Son was the object of the Father s inexhaustible delight 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=20.8.30|AUTODETECT|” Prov. 8:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The former s reaffirmation, by means of baptism, of his purpose to shed his blood for a world lost in sin did nothing to diminish that love. That is what the Father is telling his Son. That is what he is also telling John & and all of us.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 How filled with comfort this paragraph, comfort not only for the Son and for John, but for every child of God, for it indicates that not only the Son loves his followers enough to suffer the pangs of hell in their stead, but that also the Spirit fully co-operates by strengthening him for this very task, and that the Father, instead of frowning upon the One who undertakes it, is so very pleased with him that he must needs rend asunder the very heavens, that his voice of delightful approval may be heard on earth!��23�� All three are equally interested in our salvation, and the three are One.) ) 1:12, 13 The Temptation of Jesus in the Wilderness) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1 13) 1 2 2 8 0 0 12 And immediately the Spirit sent him out into��24�� the wilderness. 13 And he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan. He was among the wild beasts, and the angels were rendering service to him.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.45|AUTODETECT|” By means of his voluntary submission to baptism Jesus had signified his entire willingness to accomplish the task assigned to him, namely, to suffer and die in his people s stead. It is therefore logical that affliction, in the form of temptation, begins at once. Adam, when tempted, failed. So Christ, the last Adam 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.45|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) must now be tempted, in order that by his victory over the tempter he may, for all who believe in him, undo the results of the first Adam s failure.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.13|AUTODETECT|” That even Jesus, the Sinless One, could be tempted is a mystery incapable of being made perfectly clear. All we can say about it is that this temptation pertains, of course, to Christ s human nature, since God cannot be tempted 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.13|AUTODETECT|” James 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Since Jesus was not only God but also man, it should not be entirely surprising that after a fast of forty days (4:2 in Matthew and in Luke) the proposal to turn stones into bread was a temptation to him. This by no means solves every problem, for the very sensitive and searching mind of Christ must have discerned immediately that proposals coming to him from Satan were evil. The subject of the temptation of the perfect Savior is shrouded in mystery. But is not this true of doctrine in general?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” That Christ s temptation experience actually occurred is taught not only here in Mark and its parallels but also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” : He was tempted in all points (or in every respect) as we are, yet without sin ; that is, without falling into sin. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.14|AUTODETECT|” cannot mean, however, that the psychological process involved in being tempted was exactly the same for Jesus as it is for men in general. For the latter, including believers, there is first, the tempting voice or inner whispering of Satan, urging them to sin. But there is also the inner desire goading the tempted one to give heed to the devil s prompting. Thus man, being drawn away and enticed by his own evil desire 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.1.14|AUTODETECT|” James 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) sins. With Christ the case was different. The outward stimulus outward in the sense that it did not originate in the Lord s own soul but was the voice of another was there, but the inner evil incentive or desire to co-operate with this voice from without was not. Nevertheless the temptation that is, the sense of need, the consciousness of being urged by Satan to satisfy this need, the knowledge of having to resist the tempter, and the struggle to which this gave rise was real even for Christ.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” For a far more complete account of the separate temptations see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” . See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Mark s coverage of the temptation is so brief that it will hardly do to interpret Matthew s far more complete and chronological account in the light of certain first impressions one may receive from Mark s words. Neither Mark nor Luke gives us a step by step consecutive account. Matthew, on the other hand, does present a historical sequence, as is clear from 4:2 , 4:5, 10 and 5:11 and from the inner or thought connection between the first and second temptations.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 It is in the light of these facts that we proceed now to the explanation of Mark s account, verse 12. And immediately the Spirit sent him out into the wilderness. Note the following:) Immediately.& There was no interval between the glory of Christ s baptism and the hardship of the temptation. As it was going to be in connection with Christ s transfiguration, so already here the narrative shows how Jesus, the King, to be sure, but also the Suffering Servant, proceeds at once from daylight to darkness, from the Father s approving smile to Satan s contemptuous wile.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.0|AUTODETECT|” & the Spirit sent him out. Here others have driveth him (A.V.), driveth him forth (A.R.V. drove him out (Williams, Beck), or something similar. And it is true that the verb used in the original frequently has the meaning to drive out or expel. In fact, in this very chapter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.0|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.12|AUTODETECT|” ) the word indicates the expulsion of demons (1:34. 39, 43). Also, Jesus drove or cast the merchants out of the temple 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.12|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.39|AUTODETECT|” ); and the wicked sharecroppers cast the heir out of the vineyard 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.21.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 21:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.4|AUTODETECT|” ). However, when the word is thus translated it is not easy to dissociate from it the idea of the use of external force in order to move an unwilling object. And certainly that cannot be the connotation in the present instance. It would be better therefore, either with N.A.S.B. (N.T.) to substitute the rendering impelled him (to go) out, filled him with an inner urge, moved him; or else, to take cognizance of the fact that the same Greek verb is also used in a somewhat weaker sense, namely, released, sent out, put out 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.4|AUTODETECT|” John 10:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.37|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” & into the wilderness. The question has been asked, But was not Jesus already in the wilderness when he was baptized? Was it not exactly in the wilderness that John was baptizing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” )? It has been suggested therefore that the wilderness into which Jesus was now sent was more rugged and inhospitable than the one mentioned in verse 4. Though this is possible, and the presence of wild beasts (verse 13) might even lend some support to this theory, is it not more reasonable to find the solution in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? In other words, the meaning may simply be that from the Jordan Jesus was led into the wilderness. It is useless to venture a guess as to the location of the particular wilderness region where Christ fasted and was tempted. Was it a limestone height near Jericho? No one knows.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.35|AUTODETECT|” One fact must not be forgotten: the wilderness, though dreadful, especially when one spends at least forty days there without food, was also the place where nothing was able to separate Jesus from communion with his heavenly Father. It was also the place, therefore, of preparation for the performance of the mediatorial task! Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.35|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.34.2|AUTODETECT|”

13. And he was in the wilderness forty days .& The experience of Moses on Mount Horeb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.34.2|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 34:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.34.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.34.28|AUTODETECT|”

28. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.9|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 9:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.9.18|AUTODETECT|”
29. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.19.8|AUTODETECT|” ) and that of Elijah on the same height 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=11.19.8|AUTODETECT|” I Kings 19:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.1-1.22.19|AUTODETECT|” ) occur to the mind immediately. Not only for them but also for Jesus the period was one of fasting. It was in the wilderness that Jesus was being tempted by Satan. The verb here rendered tempted can have a favorable meaning: to put someone to the test in order to strengthen him spiritually. It was in that sense that Jehovah tested Abraham 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.22.1-1.22.19|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 22:1 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.11.17|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 11:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.6|AUTODETECT|” ). See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.6|AUTODETECT|” John 6:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.9|AUTODETECT|” . But the addition of the phrase by Satan makes it clear that in the present case the sense is that the prince of evil tried hard to entice Jesus to sin. Mark says, tempted by Satan ; Luke, by the devil ; Matthew, by the devil & the tempter. Diabolos means devil, slanderer, accuser 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=18.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Job 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.3.2|AUTODETECT|”
30. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.10|AUTODETECT|”
31. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ) and (through the influence of the LXX) also adversary 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), which, strictly speaking, is the meaning of Satan.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” It is clear that Mark believed in the existence of a personal prince of evil. ��25�� So did all the other New Testament writers: Matthew (4:1, 3, 5, 8); Luke (4:2, 3, 6, 13; 8:12); Peter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.38|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.5.8|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 5:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.20|AUTODETECT|” ); Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.20|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.11|AUTODETECT|” 6:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.8|AUTODETECT|” ); the author of Hebrews (2:14); James (4:7); John 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.8|AUTODETECT|” I John 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.10|AUTODETECT|”
32. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.3.12|AUTODETECT|”
33. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.18|AUTODETECT|” 5:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.5.19|AUTODETECT|”
34. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.12.9|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 12:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.2|AUTODETECT|” 20:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.7|AUTODETECT|”
35. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.10|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.10|AUTODETECT|”
36. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ); and Jude (see his epistle verse 9). So did also Jesus himself 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.39|AUTODETECT|” 13:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.41|AUTODETECT|” 25:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.23|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.26|AUTODETECT|”
37. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.33|AUTODETECT|” 8:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.10.18|AUTODETECT|” 10:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.18|AUTODETECT|” 11:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.6|AUTODETECT|” 13:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.3|AUTODETECT|” 22:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.31|AUTODETECT|”
38. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.44|AUTODETECT|” John 8:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Many other references could have been added.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 It is certainly fitting that it is exactly (though not alone) in Mark, which describes Jesus as the Conquering King, that the tempter is called Satan, that is Adversary. The battle, then, is going to be between the King and his Adversary.) The entire clause, And he was in the wilderness forty days, being tempted by Satan is by many interpreted to mean that throughout the entire forty days Jesus was being tempted by the devil. It is even argued that the Greek does not allow any other interpretation. Now when this clause is considered entirely by itself that is, apart from the far more detailed and chronological account found in Matthew it must be admitted that the language used in the original certainly allows it to be understood in that sense. At the same time it should also be stated that this is not the only possible view. At times this is even recognized by those who favor the forty days of temptation theory.��26�� The argument in defense of a forty day temptation would be unassailable if the clause were as follows: Forty days he was being tempted, being in the wilderness. As it actually stands, however, the original can mean: Forty days he was in the wilderness, where he was being tempted. ��27��) In favor of the second construction, rejecting the forty days of temptation, it can be argued that:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.2|AUTODETECT|” a. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.3|AUTODETECT|”
39. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , clearly teaches that the temptation by Satan began at the close of a forty day fast.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 b. The greatly condensed account in Mark should be interpreted in the light of the full and chronological narrative found in Matthew; not vice versa.) But even if the forty day temptation theory is adopted one should be careful not to fill in this period with all kinds of products of the imagination. It should be borne in mind that if there was a lengthy series of temptations that preceded the familiar three, Scripture has given us no details.) As a further description of what happened while Jesus was in the wilderness Mark (alone) continues: He was among the wild beasts.& The Jordan valley and the adjacent wilderness have been known as the haunt of hyenas, jackals, panthers, and even lions, which at one time were by no means scarce in Palestine,��28�� as is evident from the fact that lions are mentioned in two-thirds of the books of the Old Testament. The region where Jesus fasted and was tempted was therefore the scene of abandonment and peril, the very opposite of paradise, where the first Adam was tempted.��29��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark concludes the description of what happened to Jesus at this time by writing: and the angels were rendering service to him. Rendering service in various ways is the function of these ministering spirits 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). See N.T.C. on I and II Timothy and Titus, pp. 184, 185. In connection with the story of the temptation, just when was it that the angels rendered this service to Christ? Here also the answer is found in the more detailed and chronologically arranged account written by Matthew (4:11), Then the devil left him, and behold, angels came and were rendering service to him. The service was evidently rendered when the devil had been thoroughly vanquished. Just what this service implied is not mentioned.

The general statement that angels were sent by the Father to provide for the Son s needs, whatever these may have been, is perhaps the best. That this also included providing bodily nourishment would seem to be a reasonable inference.��30��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Mark does not make any statement about Christ s triumph over Satan. For this we are again dependent on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1-42.4.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . But is not this triumph implied in the ministry of the angels, sent by the Father as a reward upon obedience?) 1 4 2 8 0 0 We have noticed in these two verses: the action of the Holy Spirit, the obedience of Christ, the presence of wild beasts, the temptation by Satan, and at the close, the service rendered by angels. In the background implied rather than expressed we have become aware of the total absence of any human helpers and the providential love and care of the Father, who sent his angels to render service. The presence (and, in the case of human helpers, the absence) of these seven shows the majesty of the central figure, Jesus Christ, the great King who was at the same time the Suffering Servant.) The victory having been won, Christ s actual ministry of preaching, teaching, healing, and (last but not lacking in importance) casting out of demons, all this leading to the final triumph of death followed on the third day by a glorious resurrection, can now begin. A significant section of Mark s Gospel closes here.) Summary of Chapter 1:1 13) This first section of Mark s Gospel consists of three paragraphs and deals with three topics: a. the ministry of John the Baptist (1:1 8), b. the baptism of Jesus (1:9 11), and c. the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness (1:12, 13).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” John s ministry Time: the first part of John s ministry, the part here in view, stretched from about the middle to the end of the year a.d. 26 (or a little later). Place: the wilderness of Judea and the Jordan River. John s ministry was in fulfilment of prophecy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|” ; in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.3|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.3|AUTODETECT|” 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 referred to in that order). The Baptist urged the people to undergo a basic spiritual change, that their sins might be forgiven. He also baptized, for baptism was a sign and seal of this forgiveness. In the light of verses 2 4 the meaning of verse 1 would seem to be: The good news about Jesus Christ, the Son of God, began with John the Baptist. It was John who, as predicted, prepared the way for Christ s coming. His preaching consisted in proclaiming the necessity of genuine conversion and of faith in the One whose sandalstraps, said John, I, bending down, am not fit to untie. To show that he, the Baptist himself, was unable to supply what the people needed, he added, I have baptized you with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit, uttering words which in a sense are realized whenever a sinner is brought from darkness to light, but are fulfilled especially during the dispensation beginning with the Spirit s outpouring on Pentecost.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The response to John s ministry was astounding: large multitudes from Judea, including Jerusalem, were constantly going out to hear John. Many of them confessed their sins and were being baptized in the Jordan River. The Baptist s simple manner of life wearing a garment made of camel s hair, with leather belt around his waist; eating locusts and wild honey , as well as the earnestness and directness of his appeal, must have contributed to this favorable result, whereby the way for the entrance of Christ s message into the hearts and lives of the people was being prepared.) Jesus baptism Time: probably about December of the year a.d. 26 (or shortly afterward). Place: the Jordan River, exact spot unknown. Jesus inaugurated his ministry by requesting John to baptize him. When he had been baptized the heavens opened and the Spirit like a dove descended on him. A voice spoke to him: Thou art my Son, the Beloved, with whom I am well pleased. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” It is true that the water of baptism indicated the necessity of the removal of sin. It is also a fact that Jesus was and is the Sinless One. How then could he be baptized? Answer: he did, after all, have sin, namely ours 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Jesus temptation Immediately after the baptism the Spirit sent Jesus from the Jordan into the wilderness. Here he spent forty days, and was tempted by Satan. The region where the temptation took place was desolate and dangerous: Jesus was in the midst of the wild beasts. Yet he triumphed and was rewarded, as is indicated by the fact that the angels, sent by the Father, were rendering service to him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” By his voluntary submission to the rite of baptism and also by his equally voluntary obedience to the Father s will and the Spirit s direction when he was tempted by Satan, Jesus, as the last Adam, fulfilled the law which the first Adam had transgressed. By means of this obedience he was clearly indicating that he had taken upon himself and was taking away the sin of the world. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.29|AUTODETECT|” John 1:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” . He was therefore ready to begin his ministry of teaching, preaching, healing, casting out demons, and overarching everything else, suffering and dying for all those lost sheep who would place their trust in him. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.6|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 53:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.53.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” John 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 17 2 8 0 0 The Work Which Thou Gavest Him to Do) Its Progress) or) Continuation) Chapter 1:14 10:52) CHAPTER 1:14 45) Outline of Chapter 1:14 45) Theme: The Work Which Thou Gavest Him To Do) A. The Great Galilean Ministry) 1:14, 15 Its Beginning) 1:16 20 The Calling of Four Fishermen) 1:21 28 The Healing of a Man with an Unclean Spirit) 1:29 34 The Healing of Simon s Mother-in-law and of Many Others) 1:35 39 Christ s Pre-dawn Prayer; Simon s Exclamation and Christ s Answer; Christ s Preaching and Demon-expulsions throughout All Galilee) 1:40 45 A Leper Cleansed) ) 1:14, 15 The Beginning of the Great Galilean Ministry) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.12|AUTODETECT|” 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.2|AUTODETECT|” 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.3-40.14.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.3-40.14.5|AUTODETECT|” 14:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.17-41.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.17-41.6.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:17 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.14|AUTODETECT|” 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.24|AUTODETECT|” John 3:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 4:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.44|AUTODETECT|” 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 4 2 8 0 0 14 Now when John had been taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee preaching the gospel of God, 15 and saying, The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is at hand; be converted and believe the gospel. ) ) 14. Now when John had been taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee.& ) A new section of Mark s Gospel begins here. Between Christ s baptism and temptation, on the one hand (1:9 13), and his arrival in Galilee, recorded here in verse 14, on the other, there may well have been a time interval of about a year.��31�� But though thus separated in time from the earlier events reported by Mark, yet what the evangelist is about to report is closely related in thought to that which precedes. The preparation for, and inauguration of, the work which the Father had given his Son to do is ended. The beginning has been accomplished. Having been introduced to Israel by the herald, John the Baptist, Jesus by means of the baptism which he himself requested has reaffirmed his decision to take upon himself the sin of the world.

Moreover, he has proved himself worthy, for in the wilderness he has triumphed over Satan. He has done this as his people s representative, the last Adam, succeeding where the first Adam failed. Therefore nothing can now prevent him from carrying forward the task assigned to, and voluntarily assumed by him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” The time of Christ s departure from Judea to Galilee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.1-43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” John 4:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.14|AUTODETECT|” ) had something to do with the imprisonment of John the Baptist. When John had been taken into custody 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.14|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” ), and the Pharisees, with headquarters in Jerusalem, had heard that Jesus was gaining and, through his disciples, was baptizing more disciples than John, the Master left Judea and started on his way to Galilee. He was aware of the fact that his own great popularity in the country region of Judea would bring about such keen resentment on the part of the religious leaders of the Jews that in the natural course of events this hatred would lead to a premature crisis. As soon as the appropriate moment for his death would arrive Jesus would voluntarily lay down his life 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.11|AUTODETECT|” John 10:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.18|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.18|AUTODETECT|” 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|” 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). He was going to do this then, but not before then. Besides, Galilee, too, has lost sheep that must be brought into the fold.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” So Jesus came into Galilee preaching the gospel of God, that is, heralding or proclaiming the good tidings of salvation as God s free gift to men, a salvation which from start to finish is God s work. To be sure, all of God s true servants tell the story, but God (in Christ) saw to it that there was a story to tell. It was he who provided the way of salvation, apart from which all men would have been everlastingly lost. This good news is therefore in truth the gospel of God. What could be a better commentary than the following series of passages: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.32|AUTODETECT|” 32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.20|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.8-49.2.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:8 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4-56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.4-56.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:4 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” 15. & and saying, The time is fulfilled.& Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” . The appropriate season or golden opportunity��32�� for the fulfillment of God s redemptive promises and along with it for the promulgation of the gospel had arrived. The hour for the realization of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 9:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.9.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ��33�� had struck. Hence, Jesus continues: and the kingdom of God is at hand. Note kingdom of God where Matthew generally has kingdom of heaven. Basically the meaning is the same. What Jesus is saying, then, is that God s reign in the hearts and lives of men would begin to assert itself far more powerfully than ever before. Great blessings were in store for all those who, by sovereign grace, would confess and forsake their sins and would begin to live to God s glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 In its broadest connotation the terms the kingdom of heaven, the kingdom of God, or simply the kingdom (when the context makes clear that what is meant is the kingdom of heaven or of God ) indicate God s kingship, rule or sovereignty, recognized in the hearts and operative in the lives of his people, and effecting their complete salvation, their constitution as a church, and finally a redeemed universe. Note especially the four concepts:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” a. God s kingship, rule, or recognized sovereignty. That may be the meaning in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” , The Kingdom of God is within you, and is the meaning in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.10|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.& ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” b. Complete salvation, i.e., all the spiritual and material blessings that is, blessings for soul and body which result when God is King in our hearts, recognized and obeyed as such. That is the meaning, according to the context, in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.26|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.26|AUTODETECT|” 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , It is easier & than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. And they & said, Then who can be saved? ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” c. The church: the community of men in whose hearts God is recognized as King. Kingdom of God and church when used in this sense are nearly equivalent. This is the meaning in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.18|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 16:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.16.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , & and upon this rock will I build my church & I will give unto you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” d. The redeemed universe: the new heaven and earth with all their glory; something still future: the final realization of God s saving power. Thus in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 25:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , & inherit the kingdom prepared for you.& ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.26-41.4.29|AUTODETECT|” These four meanings are not separate and unrelated. They all proceed from the central idea of the reign of God, his supremacy in the sphere of saving power. The kingdom or kingship (the Greek word has both meanings) of heaven is like a gradually developing mustard seed; hence, both present and future 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.26-41.4.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 4:26 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.3|AUTODETECT|” ). It is present; study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.28|AUTODETECT|” 12:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.19.14|AUTODETECT|” 19:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.15|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.34|AUTODETECT|” 12:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.28|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.28|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.20|AUTODETECT|” 17:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3-43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.3-43.3.5|AUTODETECT|” John 3:3 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.36|AUTODETECT|” 18:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21|AUTODETECT|” . It is future; study ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.22|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.22|AUTODETECT|” 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.25.34|AUTODETECT|” 25:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.29|AUTODETECT|” 26:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Jesus spoke of the work of salvation as the kingdom or reign of heaven in order to indicate the supernatural character, origin, and purpose of our salvation. Our salvation begins in heaven and should redound to the glory of the Father in heaven. Hence, by using this term Christ defended the truth, so precious to all believers, that everything is subservient to God s glory.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.14-40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Accordingly, when Jesus says, The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is at hand an excellent commentary would be ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.14-40.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.4|AUTODETECT|” 11:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18-42.4.21|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:18 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is understandable that Jesus says is at hand, for when these words were spoken Christ s work of preaching, teaching, and healing in and around Galilee was only just beginning.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Jesus continues: be converted and believe the gospel. Compare Be converted, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand, spoken by the Baptist 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), with The kingdom of God is at hand; be converted& , spoken by Jesus. The meaning is the same. In fact, in Matthew s Gospel the identical words are ascribed to both John (3:2) and Jesus (4:17). Basically, therefore, their gospel was the same. John was a true way-preparer.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Though the rendering found in many of our translations, namely, Repent, which stresses only the negative aspect of the required change, is probably not the best, repentance is definitely demanded. Genuine sorrow for sin and an earnest resolution to break with the evil past is at times even emphasized 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.14|AUTODETECT|” 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). But the word used in the original��34�� looks forward as well as backward. It means Be converted, ��35�� undergo a radical change of heart and life, a complete turnabout of life. The positive side of conversion is given further emphasis in the added words and believe the gospel. ��36�� Such believing or faith implies knowledge, assent, and confidence. In the language of the Heidelberg Catechism, True faith is not only a sure knowledge, whereby I hold for truth all that God has revealed to us in his Word, but also a firm confidence which the Holy Spirit works in my heart by the gospel, that not only to others, but to me also, remission of sins, everlasting righteousness and salvation are freely given by God, merely of grace, only for the sake of Christ s merits. A person accepts a message when he acts upon it.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) 1:16 20 The Calling of Four Fishermen) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:18 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; and for ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.19|AUTODETECT|” b and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.19|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.10|AUTODETECT|” b cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b.��37��) 1 4 2 8 0 0 16 While he was going along the Sea of Galilee he saw Simon and Andrew, Simon s brother, throwing a casting-net into the sea, for they were fishermen. 17 Jesus said to them, Come, follow me, and I will make you become fishers of men. 18 And at once they left their nets and followed him. 19 And when he had gone a little farther he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in the boat mending their nets. 20 At once he called them. And they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him.) ) 16 18. While he was going along the Sea of Galilee he saw Simon and Andrew, Simon s brother, throwing a casting-net into the sea, for they were fishermen. Jesus said to them, Come, follow me, and I will make you become fishers of men. And at once they left their nets and followed him.��38��) The wonderful gospel of the kingdom was not intended only for the men living during the time of Christ s earthly ministry. It was intended for the ages.

It is not at all surprising, therefore, that at the very beginning of his ministry Jesus chose men who, by means of their testimony both oral and written, would perpetuate his work and proclaim his message. For a teacher to have not only a general audience but also a band of close companions or disciples was nothing new. Did not Socrates have disciples? Did not John the Baptist? The Pharisees? The rabbis?

Christ s disciples were to become the links between himself and his church. Think, for example, of the importance of such men as Matthew, John, and Peter in the formation of the Gospels, which are our chief sources of information about Jesus Christ. Accordingly, while he was passing along the Sea of Galilee Jesus invites certain men to come to him.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.18-41.1.22|AUTODETECT|”

It must be understood, however, that the call which Jesus extended to the four men mentioned here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.18-41.1.22|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:18 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.41|AUTODETECT|”

was not the first one they received. A year earlier Andrew and an unnamed disciple, in all likelihood John, had been invited to come and see where Jesus lived and had become his spiritual followers. Andrew had brought his brother Simon to Jesus. John had probably rendered the same service to his own brother James. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.41|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:35 41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.16-41.1.20|AUTODETECT|”

So now, according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.16-41.1.20|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:16 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

, about a year later these same four disciples become the Lord s more steady companions, and are made more conscious than ever of the fact that they are being trained for apostleship, that is, for becoming fishers of men. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.10|AUTODETECT|”

The men who were chosen by Jesus to be his immediate companions needed to be trained for apostleship. Simon the fickle must become Peter the rock. Something similar was true with respect to all. When we first meet these men, and to a certain extent even much later, they manifest lack of deep spiritual penetration 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.10|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 4:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.4|AUTODETECT|”

8:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.16-41.8.21|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.16-41.8.21|AUTODETECT|”

16 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.32|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.32|AUTODETECT|”

32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.33|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.33|AUTODETECT|”

33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.10-41.9.13|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.10-41.9.13|AUTODETECT|”

9:10 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.10|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.10|AUTODETECT|”

10:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.24-41.10.27|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.10.24-41.10.27|AUTODETECT|”

24 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

); of fervent sympathy (6:35, 36; 10:13, 14); of profound humility (9:33, 34); of the gladly forgiving spirit (10:41); of persevering prayerfulness (9:28, 29); and of an unflinching courage (14:50, 66 72). Nevertheless, on their part it required a degree of courage to become Christ s followers and thereby face the opposition of many, including the religious leaders. For further details on The Twelve see on 3:16 19a.) 1 2 2 8 0 0

In this connection one fact must not be ignored. Their decision to side with Jesus exhibits his greatness: the impelling force of his influence over the minds and hearts of men, so that when he calls they follow immediately. The breadth of his sympathy and the magnitude of his power are also shown here. Is it not marvelous that he was willing and able to take such common folk, four fishermen, etc., unschooled individuals, and, in spite of all their prejudices and superstitions, to transform them into instruments for the salvation of many; to make them leaders who, by means of their testimonies, would turn the world upside down?) The four mentioned in verses 16 20 are:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.28-40.14.33|AUTODETECT|”

Peter, the impetuous 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.28-40.14.33|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 14:28 33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.32|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.8.32|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 8:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.29-41.14.31|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.29-41.14.31|AUTODETECT|”

14:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.47|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.47|AUTODETECT|”

47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.18.10|AUTODETECT|”

John 18:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.10.2-40.10.4|AUTODETECT|”

), who becomes the leader of The Twelve, and is mentioned first in every list of apostles 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.10.2-40.10.4|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 10:2 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.16-41.3.19|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.3.16-41.3.19|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 3:16 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.14-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.14-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 6:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.13|AUTODETECT|”

; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.1.13|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 1:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

Peter s brother Andrew, who is always bringing people to Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.40-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:40 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.8|AUTODETECT|”

6:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.9|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.6.9|AUTODETECT|”

9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.18|AUTODETECT|”

, cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.18|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 14:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.12.22|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.12.22|AUTODETECT|”

John 12:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|”

Zebedee s son James, the first of The Twelve to wear the martyr s crown 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.12.1|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 12:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.12.2|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.12.2|AUTODETECT|”

2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.23|AUTODETECT|”

His brother John, who is called the disciple whom Jesus loved 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.23|AUTODETECT|”

John 13:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.19.26|AUTODETECT|”

19:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|”

; etc.). To be sure, the Lord loved all his own very intensely 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.1|AUTODETECT|”

John 13:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.2|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.13.2|AUTODETECT|”

2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

), but between Jesus and John the tie of attachment and understanding was the tenderest.) 1 1 2 8 0 0

A few more details now on verses 16 18. Jesus, passing along the Sea of Galilee, saw two men, Simon and his brother Andrew, throwing a casting-net into the sea. When such a net is cast over the shoulder it will spread out, forming a circle as it strikes the water. Then, because of the pieces of lead attached to it, it will quickly sink, capturing the fish underneath. These two brothers, then, were engaged in their daily occupation, for they were fishermen.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.14|AUTODETECT|”

They were fishermen. This is the type of people the Lord chooses in order that they may become the foundation of his church 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.14|AUTODETECT|”

Rev. 21:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.19|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.19|AUTODETECT|”

19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.20|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=66.21.20|AUTODETECT|”

20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

). By worldly standards not many are wise or powerful or highborn. But God chose those whom men consider foolish, to shame the wise 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.26|AUTODETECT|”

I Cor. 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.1.27|AUTODETECT|”

27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 0

It is important to note that the Lord by saying, Come, follow me, exercises his sovereignty over Simon and Andrew. He shows that he has a right to claim them for service in his kingdom. They must be ready to follow immediately when he calls them.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.45|AUTODETECT|”

Simon and Andrew hailed from Bethsaida 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.45|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

), but Simon (i.e. Peter) had recently moved to Capernaum 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.4.13|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.5|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.5|AUTODETECT|”

8:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.14|AUTODETECT|”

14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.15|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.15|AUTODETECT|”

15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.21|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.29|AUTODETECT|”

29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.30|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.30|AUTODETECT|”

30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.31|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.31|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 4:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.33|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.33|AUTODETECT|”

33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|”

38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

). By this time these men had come to know Jesus, because a year had elapsed since the unforgettable event recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.1.35-43.1.42|AUTODETECT|”

John 1:35 42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. Hence, when he now said to them, Come, follow me, and I will make you become fishers of men, they at once left their nets and followed, encouraged by the promise of their Lord to train them for a task far superior even to the honorable one in which they were now engaged. Instead of catching fish for the table they would recruit men for the kingdom.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

It must not escape us that by means of the promise, I will make you become fishers of men Jesus sets the seal of his approval upon the words of the inspired author of the Book of Proverbs, He who wins souls is wise 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

Prov. 11:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|”

); confirms ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=27.12.3|AUTODETECT|”

Dan. 12:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|”

They that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars forever and ever ; adds his own authority to Paul s striking statement, To all I became all, that in one way or another I may save some 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.9.22|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 9:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|” ); and anticipates his own glorious invitation, Come to me, all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Two other disciples of Jesus were given the same command and promise: 19, 20. And when he had gone a little farther be saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in the boat mending their nets. At once he called them. And they left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men and followed him. These two were not fishing, like Peter and Andrew (verses 16 18). They were not with the other two brothers but a little distance removed from them.

James and John were with their father in his boat. Instead of fishing they were mending their nets, getting ready for the next attempt at catching fish. When Jesus saw these two he repeated what he had done a moment before in connection with the other two: at once he called them to follow him. Accordingly, also of them he demands that they enter into a closer relation to him; that is, that they, too, by means of a more constant presence with their Master, begin their training for the apostolate.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.55|AUTODETECT|” They immediately leave their father and begin to follow Jesus. Now this action of theirs, even though it had been prepared for by the event that had occurred a year earlier, requires more than passing notice. It was really very remarkable. In the spirit of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.55|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 13:55) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.47|AUTODETECT|” John 1:47) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.42|AUTODETECT|” 6:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25|AUTODETECT|” , they might have said, Isn t he the son of the (late?) carpenter from nearby Nazareth? Isn t he himself also a carpenter? Why should we become his apprentices? In fact, if the theory held by many and not to be lightly rejected is correct see N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.19.25|AUTODETECT|” John 19:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , namely, that their mother Salome was a sister of Jesus mother Mary, they might even have added, And aren t James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas his brothers? Isn t he merely our cousin? Why then should we follow him? The fact that they say nothing of the kind but immediately leave their father and join Jesus is not only to their credit but also and especially shows the magnetic and majestic character of their Master!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The question might be asked, But did not these men act rather rashly? Were they not unkind to their father Zebedee in leaving him in the lurch? Answer: a. At this particular stage in the increasing degree of association that was being established between these men and their Lord, helping their father by doing a little fishing now and then as long as Jesus had his headquarters in Capernaum is not excluded. b. Mark not Matthew informs us that James and John left their father in the boat with the hired men. So, whenever Zebedee s sons were not able to be with him, these hired men could be depended upon to find ways in which to fill the gap.

Provision has been made for every need. c. Overarching all other considerations is the fact that when Jesus calls there must be prompt obedience. The but s must be left to him. He has the solution.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.35|AUTODETECT|” As to Zebedee, though Mark mentions him also later in his Gospel (3:17; 10:35) as being the father of James and John, he is not heard from again as a man engaged in a fishing enterprise. Did he perhaps die soon afterward? And could this be the reason why in the story of the request of his sons 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.35|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.20|AUTODETECT|” ) and of their mother 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 20:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) no action is ascribed to him? This is possible, but it is clear from Mark s Gospel that our attention should be concentrated not on Zebedee, his wife Salome, their sons James and John, but on the Lord, on him alone and thus on his majesty, power, and love.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 ) 1:21 28 The Healing of a Man with an Unclean Spirit) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.31-42.4.37|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.31-42.4.37|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:31 37) 1 2 2 8 0 0 21 And they went to Capernaum; and immediately on the sabbath he entered the synagogue and began to teach. 22 The people were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority and not as the scribes. 23 Just then there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. He cried out, 24 saying, Why do you bother us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come out to destroy us? I know who you are the Holy One of God! 25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, Be quiet and get out of him! 26 And the unclean spirit threw the man into convulsions and with a loud shriek got out of him. 27 The people were all so dumbfounded that they began to ask each other, What is this? A new (kind of) teaching! With authority! Even to unclean spirits he issues commands, and they obey him! 28 And the news about him went out immediately everywhere, over the entire region of Galilee.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.12|AUTODETECT|” In the desert of temptation Satan had been defeated 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.1-40.4.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.22-41.3.27|AUTODETECT|” ). So now it is not surprising that the prince of evil is going to attempt in every possible way to oppose Christ and his kingdom. Does the Anointed One seek entrance into the hearts of men? Satan sends out his servants, the demons, to take control of these hearts. In fact, he was already in the habit of doing this, but now more than ever. On the other hand, for the Conqueror this means that in many cases he would cast out these demons, thereby seriously binding, curtailing, or limiting the power of the strong man, Beelzebul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.22-41.3.27|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:22 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.22-40.12.29|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.12.22-40.12.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 12:22 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ). Thus hearts would be opened for the reception of the gospel. Mission activity, also clearly predicted in the preceding context 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), would replace Satanic deception.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 After a couple introductory verses (1:21, 22) Mark now for the first time presents a demon expulsion narrative (verses 23 28). Luke follows the same procedure in 4:31, 32 (introductory), followed by verses 33 37.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16|AUTODETECT|” 21. And they went to Capernaum; and immediately on the sabbath he entered the synagogue and began to teach. It now becomes clear that the part of the shore on which Jesus was walking when he called his first four disciples was near Capernaum. It was customary for Jesus to attend the synagogue 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” ). Soon it also became customary for him to teach while there 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” John 18:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So also at the present occasion, probably after the prescribed portion of the law had been read in Hebrew and translated into Aramaic, Jesus, having indicated his desire to speak and having gained permission to do so, while standing read from the prophets; then, seated, explained the portion read and applied it to the needs of the hearers. 22. The people were astonished at his teaching.& While Jesus was speaking, and even after he had finished, the people were dumbfounded. They were literally struck out of themselves, that is, out of their senses by amazement and wonder. It was a state that did not leave them immediately but lasted for a while.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.3|AUTODETECT|” What were some of the reasons for this reaction on the part of the audience? One of them may well have been that he, a carpenter 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.3|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.28|AUTODETECT|” ), revealed such wisdom. But especially there was this: for he taught them as one who had authority and not as the scribes. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.28|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.29|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.29|AUTODETECT|” 29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Consider the following points of contrast between Christ s method of teaching and that of the scribes.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” a. He spoke the truth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” John 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” 18:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ). Corrupt and evasive reasoning marked the sermons of many of the scribes 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ff.).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.23|AUTODETECT|” b. He presented matters of great significance, matters of life, death, and eternity. They often wasted their time on trivialities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.42|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 c. There was system in his preaching. As their Talmud proves, they often rambled on and on.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.2-41.4.9|AUTODETECT|” d. He excited curiosity by making generous use of illustrations 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.2-41.4.9|AUTODETECT|” Mark 4:2 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.21|AUTODETECT|” 21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.24|AUTODETECT|” 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.26-41.4.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.4.26-41.4.34|AUTODETECT|” 26 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.35|AUTODETECT|” 9:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.1-41.12.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.1-41.12.11|AUTODETECT|” 12:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Their speeches were often dry as dust.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.40|AUTODETECT|” e. He spoke as the Lover of men, as One concerned with the everlasting welfare of his listeners, and pointed to the Father and his love. Their lack of love is clear from such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.40|AUTODETECT|” Mark 12:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.26|AUTODETECT|” f. Finally, and this is the most important, for it is specifically stated here, he spoke with authority, for his message came straight from the very heart and mind of the Father 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.26|AUTODETECT|” John 8:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ), hence also from his own inner being, and from Scripture. They were constantly borrowing from fallible sources, one scribe quoting another scribe. They were trying to draw water from broken cisterns. He drew from himself, being the Fountain of living waters 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=24.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Jeremiah 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.32-41.1.34|AUTODETECT|” 23a. Just then there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. As is clear from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.32-41.1.34|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:32 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.13|AUTODETECT|” 6:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.41|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.41|AUTODETECT|” 41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.33|AUTODETECT|” , it is not true that the New Testament writers, in common with all primitive people, ascribed all physical illnesses and abnormalities to the presence and operation of evil spirits. It is contrary to fact that demon-possession is simply another name for insanity or for dissociation. Fact is that demon-possession describes a condition in which a distinct and evil being 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the spirit of an unclean demon ), foreign to the person possessed, has taken control of that person. For more on this subject of demon-possession see N.T.C. on Matthew, pp. 436 438.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The theory according to which demon-possession has continued through the centuries and is present with us today is held by many. Origen (fl. a.d. 210 250) claimed that by calling on the name of Jesus and the name of martyrs (!) demons could be driven out. During the middle ages there were those who held that making the sign of the cross would be of help in expelling them. Many present-day advocates of this theory appeal to the often quoted work by H. W. White, Demonism Verified and Analyzed.

W. P. Blatty s paperback The Exorcist has received high praise. And a certain newspaper reports a demon-expulsion resulting from five-hour directions by telephone!) That superstition plays its role in at least some of these claims is evident even on the surface. Besides, it is a question whether all those who believe in demon-possession as an actual present-day fact are scientifically equipped to draw the necessary distinction a. between certain abnormal mental conditions and the invasion of the human personality by one or more of Satan s underlings; and b. between demonic influence and demon-possession. In the Roman Catholic Church before a priest is allowed to proceed with exorcism he has to make a thorough examination to see whether he is dealing with a real case of demon-possession, and even then he must receive authorization from his bishop before proceeding.) A man of high reputation, with thorough theological, medical, and psychiatric training, the late Dr.

J. D. Mulder, in a series of articles on Mental Disease and Demon Possession, wrote as follows, For six years I have worked as medical missionary among the Navahos, a tribe of Indians still deeply steeped in fear of evil spirits, witchcraft, and related subjects, while the last ten years I was in daily contact with mentally disturbed of all types.& Daily conversations with these & patients, however, and careful delving into their inner thoughts have made me convinced that, whereas there might well be demoniacal influence, the picture of possession, as found in the New Testament, was always absent. I therefore fully agree with Prof. Schultze when he writes, I venture to suggest that demon possession was a phenomenon limited almost exclusively (if not entirely) to the period of special divine manifestations during the period in which the New Testament church was born. ��39��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Mark continues: 23b, 24. He cried out, saying, Why do you bother us,��40�� Jesus of Nazareth? Literally the demon, making use of the wretched man s vocal organs, said, What (is there) to us and you, meaning, What have we in common? and in the present context, What have you to do with us? ; hence, Why do you bother us? See also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Note with us, the one demon speaking for them all, for he realizes that what will happen to him is going to be the lot of all his fellow-demons.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.23|AUTODETECT|” He calls the One who is about to expel him Jesus of Nazareth, literally, Jesus the Nazarene. Although being brought up in Nazareth spelled humble beginnings, and in the case of Jesus pointed to the Messiah s low estate 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.2.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 2:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” ), and Nathanael by asking, Out of Nazareth can any good come? was moved either by town-rivalry or more probably was thinking of any good thing in the Messianic category, yet calling Jesus the Nazarene does not always or necessarily imply disdain. In fact Jesus even uses the term with respect to himself 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.22.8|AUTODETECT|” Acts 22:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��41��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” That the form of address, Jesus of Nazareth, used by the demon was simply the designation by which Jesus was generally known, and not a title indicating disrespect, is clear also from the added words: Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are the Holy One of God. Have you come can hardly be taken to mean, from Nazareth, for Jesus did not need to come from Nazareth to crush the power of Satan s emissaries. It is best taken to mean Have you come from heaven into the world.& The demon, accordingly, is asking whether the very One who had come to seek and to save the lost 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” Luke 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” ) had also come to destroy the demons, that is, now already 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” ) to hurl them into the abyss or dungeon where Satan is kept 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.19|AUTODETECT|” When the demon declares, I know he is not telling a lie. There are certain things that are known to the prince of evil and his servants. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=59.2.19|AUTODETECT|” James 2:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.34|AUTODETECT|” . Moreover, some of this knowledge causes them to tremble, to be frightened. They know that for them there is no salvation, only dreadful punishment. The demon is thinking of this very fact, as he realizes that he is at this moment being confronted with his Great Opponent, whom he, again correctly, calls the Holy One of God. He knows that holiness cannot brook sin. A demon & the Holy One of God, what a contrast! In connection with Holy One see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.69|AUTODETECT|” John 6:69) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.3.7|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 3:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1-23.61.3|AUTODETECT|” . Jesus was holy not only in the sense of being sinless in himself, filled with virtue, and the cause of virtue in others, but specifically also in this sense, that he had been anointed, hence set apart, separated, for the performance of the most exalted task 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.61.1-23.61.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 61:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.18|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.19.10|AUTODETECT|” 19:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.10.36|AUTODETECT|” 10:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.5.21|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 5:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.24|AUTODETECT|” When radicals deny Christ s deity they show less insight than the demons, for the latter are constantly acknowledging it. To be sure, they do not do this in the proper spirit. For reverence they substitute impudence; for joyfulness, bitterness; for gratitude, turpitude. But they do it all the same. They call Jesus the Holy One of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.24|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” ), the Son of the Most High (5:7), the Son of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.29|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 0 25. But Jesus rebuked him, saying, Be quiet and get out of him! Jesus does not accept an acknowledgment coming from a thoroughly corrupt demon. Besides, the demon had no business to interrupt. But see also on verses 34 and 44. So Jesus issues a terse, peremptory, two-fold command, Be still and get out! ��42��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.35|AUTODETECT|” The demon obeys at once; that is all he could do. He obeys, though, as is evident, most unwillingly: 26. And the unclean spirit threw the man into convulsions and with a loud shriek got out of him. Here the A.V. has, And when the unclean spirit had torn him. But this, besides being in conflict with having done him no harm 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.35|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.26|AUTODETECT|” ), is also out of harmony with the fact that the same Greek word is used 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20|AUTODETECT|” ; and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.9.42|AUTODETECT|” Luke 9:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.15|AUTODETECT|” ) in connection with an epileptic 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.26|AUTODETECT|” ), in which case not lacerations but convulsions are in view. Therefore also here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.26|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 no tearing is implied. The translation, accordingly, should be, & threw the man into convulsions. Then, for the last time using the man s vocal organs, the demon screaming with a loud scream (thus literally), left him.) 1 5 2 8 0 0 27. The people were all so dumbfounded that they began to ask each other, What is this? A new (kind of) teaching! With authority! Even to unclean spirits he issues commands, and they obey him! The reaction of the people to all that had happened in the synagogue is graphically related here.

The emotion described is a synonym of that expressed in verse 22 . When those who were present begin to ask each other, What is this? they were referring both to Christ s teaching and his demon-expulsion. As to the first, they realized that both as to contents and method (see on verse 22) the teaching which on this sabbath they had heard in the synagogue was different from that ever heard before at this place. And as to the second, the same authority and power exhibited in Jesus teaching was shown also in the commands he issued to demons, so that the latter had to yield, were totally unable to resist. Note that although the account itself speaks only of one demon, the people immediately draw the correct conclusion that what had been done to one unclean spirit could be done to all.) What to make of all this the audience did not know. They were deeply impressed with the words and works of Jesus.

What kind of person was he? They discussed this question among themselves, but as yet could not find the answer.) 28. And the news about him went out immediately everywhere, over the entire region of Galilee. The happenings in the synagogue on this sabbath had been so astounding that without any delay one neighbor was telling another about it, and he still another, etc. The news could not be confined to Capernaum. In no time at all, as we would say, the news was spreading all over Galilee; or, as Luke puts it, the reports & went out into every place in the surrounding region (4:37).) ) 1:29 34 The Healing of Simon s Mother-in-law and of Many Others) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.14-40.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.14-40.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:14 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38-42.4.41|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38-42.4.41|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:38 41) 1 2 2 8 0 0 29 And immediately they��43�� left the synagogue, and with James and John entered the house of Simon and Andrew. 30 Simon s mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever. And immediately they told him about her. 31 So he went up to her, took her by the hand and lifted her up. The fever left her and she began to wait on them. 32 That evening after sunset they were bringing to him all that were afflicted and the demon-possessed. 33 And the whole town was gathered at the door. 34 He healed many who were afflicted with various diseases, and he cast out many demons. But he was not allowing the demons to speak, because they knew who he was.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.14|AUTODETECT|” 29. And immediately they [or: he] left the synagogue, and with James and John entered the house of Simon and Andrew. From the synagogue the walk was directly to Simon s (=Peter s) house. So much is clear 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.14|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Peter was a married man, and his mother-in-law was living with them. Mark, however, speaks of the house of Simon and Andrew. Evidently then, Simon s brother Andrew must also have been living in the same house.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 A difficulty arises, however, in connection with the subject of the sentence. Should it be they or he ? We know that Jesus had attended the synagogue, had taught there, and had performed an astounding miracle (verses 21 28). May we not assume that Simon and Andrew, James and John, all of whom had just previously been called to become fishers of men (verses 16 20) and had entered Capernaum with Jesus, had also attended the services in Capernaum s synagogue? Now if that assumption is correct, then at first glance would it not seem that the word they in verse 29 refers to Jesus and these four disciples? However, a second look is necessary: the fact that they are said to have entered the house of Simon and Andrew with James and John makes this interpretation impossible.

Among the solutions that have been offered the two that are probably the best are as follows:) a. Mark, being Peter s interpreter, is reproducing almost literally (with change from the first to the third person) what he had heard Peter say in a sermon or discourse. Peter had spoken somewhat as follows, And immediately we [meaning Jesus, I myself and Andrew] left the synagogue, and with James and John went (to my) home. If this be the correct solution Mark s they would refer to Jesus, Simon, and Andrew.��44��) b. Instead of they the variant reading he, which has considerable manuscript support,��45�� should be adopted. That he refers to Jesus.

It is he who, taking James and John with him, enters the home of Simon and Andrew.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.14|AUTODETECT|” Either way, however, we now find Jesus, Peter, Andrew, John, and James at the home of Peter and his brother. 30. Simon s mother-in-law was lying sick with a fever. And immediately they told him about her. While Matthew and Mark report that the mother of Peter s wife was laid up with fever or lying sick with fever, Luke, who was himself a physician 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.14|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” ), tells us that she was in the grip of a high fever, or was suffering from a severe attack of fever. ��46�� Without delay Jesus was informed about the situation, either on reaching the home or even before. Not only did the disciples no doubt especially Peter and Andrew tell Jesus about her, but, as Luke mentions, they asked him to help her. 31. So he went up to her, took her by the hand and lifted her up. It is very interesting to note how the different evangelists individually describe just what Jesus did. Matthew characteristically (8:3, 15; 9:29; 17:7; 20:34) states that Jesus touched the woman s hand. What a tender touch it was, and how powerful! See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.39|AUTODETECT|” . Mark, very graphically, having often listened to Peter as the latter with unrestrained emotion had described what happened, says, He took her by the hand and lifted her up. Dr. Luke mentions what must have struck him especially, namely, that the position in which Jesus, the Great Physician, was standing was exactly that of the typical doctor: So he stood over her.& Had Luke himself done this many times while attending patients? Luke adds, and rebuked the fever. Jesus bade the fever leave her.

Fever, winds, waves, it made no difference to Jesus. He exercised complete control over them all. So here he speaks to the fever as he was going to speak to the wild winds and the boisterous billows, in the original using the same verb in each case 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 with 8:24).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.39|AUTODETECT|” Result: The fever left her and she began to wait on them. Jesus had already lifted her up. But now of a sudden the fever left her, as all three evangelists state. Moreover, she did not even say, I m rid of the fever, but completely exhausted. Nothing of the kind. On the contrary, one moment, just before Jesus had taken her by the hand and had rebuked the fever, there were still those flushed cheeks, that burning hot skin, profuse sweating, dryness in the throat or else, depending on the kind of fever, there may have been violent shivering ; the next moment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.39|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , at once she got up & ) every fever symptom had vanished completely. Not only was the woman s temperature normal but such a surge of new strength was coursing through her entire being that she herself insisted on getting up. In fact, she actually got up and started to perform the duties of a busy hostess. She began to wait on all those present: Jesus, Peter, Andrew, James, John, and perhaps even on her daughter if she too was present, as is probable. Or, mother may have been ably assisting daughter in performing this act of hospitality.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 So quickly did the news of the demon-expulsion (verses 23 26) and of the victory over a terrible attack of fever (verses 29 31) spread that people from all around regained hope of recovery for their dear ones. Result: 32. That evening after sunset they were bringing to him all that were afflicted and the demon-possessed. Matthew has when evening had come (8:16); Luke, when the sun was setting (4:40). Mark has the genitive absolute, literally evening having come, or, according to the modern idiom that evening. He adds after sunset, literally when the sun did set. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” According to the Hebrew way of speaking there were two evenings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=2.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 in the original). The first began at 3 P.M., the second at 6 P.M. So when Mark writes that evening and immediately adds after sunset we know that the people waited until the end of the sabbath before they were bringing to him all that were afflicted & or were sick ; literally all that had (it) badly. To this is immediately added and the demon-possessed, clearly showing that a distinction is being made between a. sick people who were not demon-possessed, and b. demon-possessed individuals who may or may not have been physically ill. For demon-possession see above, on verses 23 26. That ever so many persons came, or were brought, to Jesus is clear from verse 33.

And the whole town was gathered at the door. One might say: Peter s house was mobbed. The whole town refers, of course, to Capernaum (verse 21). That the multitude of the sick and the demoniacs, together with those who brought or accompanied those in need of help, was indeed huge is stressed also by Matthew (8:16) and Luke (4:40).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.16|AUTODETECT|”

Christ s power to heal was never lacking. His love and sympathy never failed: 34. He healed many who were afflicted with various diseases, and he cast out many demons. Mark is very brief here. In the light of the preceding context he conveys the thought that Jesus healed all 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.8.16|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 8:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.40|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 4:40) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

) the many (verse 34) sick people that were brought to him, no matter what happened to be the nature of their illness. Luke, as we would expect of this doctor, pictures the procession of the sick being brought one by one to Jesus, who, paying due attention to, and lovingly placing his hands on, each in turn, healed them all (4:40). Mark, in harmony with Matthew and Luke, states that Jesus similarly cast out many demons. Matthew adds that it was with a word, namely, the word of effective command, that the evil spirits were driven out (8:16).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.24|AUTODETECT|”

When Mark now adds, But he was not allowing the demons to speak, because they knew who he was, this must not be interpreted to mean that the evil spirits never said anything at all. Luke explains what is meant. At first the demons cried out, You are the Son of God. Cf. above, on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.24|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:24) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

. Immediately they were rebuked by Jesus, and thus prevented from saying any more about this.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.16.17|AUTODETECT|”

Now what these demons, by means of the vocal organs of the possessed, were saying was the truth. They actually knew who Jesus was, namely, the Son of God, the long expected Messiah. Similarly, for example, the outcry of the demon-possessed girl described in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.16.17|AUTODETECT|”

Acts 16:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

was true; so true, in fact, that what she said ( These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to you the way of salvation ) has been used as the text for an ordination service; theme: The word of the devil! Nevertheless, two questions arise. The first one is: Why did these demons loudly proclaim this truth? Was this caused by an irresistible fascination which the person of Jesus cast upon them?��47�� Was it due, rather, to a malicious and sadistic desire to get Jesus into trouble, since they may have known that if already at this time the truth with reference to Christ s identity were accepted by the masses, this would cut short Messiah s contemplated program and would bring him to death sooner than would have been the case otherwise? An indisputable answer has not been revealed. The second question is: Why did Jesus silence them? A possible answer has already been suggested, but see also on verse 44.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.53.4|AUTODETECT|”

While Mark and Luke end their respective paragraphs with this prohibition addressed to the demons, Matthew (8:17) sees in the cures performed by the Master a fulfilment of the prophecy of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=23.53.4|AUTODETECT|”

Isa. 53:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

, Surely, our diseases he has borne, and our pains [or: sorrows] he has carried. ) 1 2 2 8 0 0

) 1:35 39 Christ s Pre-dawn Prayer; Simon s Exclamation and Christ s Answer; Christ s Ministry of Preaching and Demon-expulsion throughout all Galilee) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.42-42.4.44|AUTODETECT|”

Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.42-42.4.44|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 4:42 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|”

; and with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 1:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.4.23-40.4.25|AUTODETECT|”

cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.4.23-40.4.25|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 4:23 25) 1 2 2 8 0 0

35 Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, went out, and departed to a lonely place; and there he was praying. 36 Simon and those who were with him went in search of him, 37 and having found him said to him, Everybody is looking for you! 38 And he said to them, Let us go elsewhere, to the next towns, that I may preach there also; because for this purpose I came forth. 39 So he traveled throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.42|AUTODETECT|”

After a long and strenuous day Jesus, who was and is not only divine but also human, felt the need of prayer. So, 35. Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, went out, and departed to a lonely place; and there he was praying. Had he spent the night in Peter s home, and did that disciple, upon arising discover that the Master had already left? This is possible but we do not know. What we do know is that very early while it was still night, that is, still dark,��48�� and was just starting to get light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.4.42|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 4:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

), Jesus got up, left the house (whether his own or Peter s), and went off to a lonely or deserted spot, a quiet retreat. There he poured out his heart in prayer to his heavenly Father. It may well have been a thanksgiving for blessings already received and a petition for strength needed for the Galilean circuit that was about to begin.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|”

Jesus attached great importance to prayer. He himself prayed when he was baptized 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.3.21|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 3:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.12|AUTODETECT|”

); just before choosing the twelve disciples 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.6.12|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 6:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.41|AUTODETECT|”

); in connection with, and after, the miraculous feeding of the five thousand 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.41|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 6:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.46|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.6.46|AUTODETECT|”

46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.19|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.19|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 14:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.23|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.14.23|AUTODETECT|”

23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.9.18|AUTODETECT|”

); when he was about to ask his disciples an important question 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.9.18|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 9:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|”

); on the mountain where he was transfigured 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.9.28|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 9:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.25-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

); just before extending the tender invitation, Come to me all who are weary & 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.11.25-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 11:25 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.10.21|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.10.21|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 10:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.11.1|AUTODETECT|”

); just before he taught the disciples the Lord s Prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.11.1|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 11:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.41|AUTODETECT|”

); at Lazarus tomb 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.41|AUTODETECT|”

John 11:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.42|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.42|AUTODETECT|”

42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|”

); for Peter, before the denial 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.32|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 22:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|”

); during the night of the institution of the Lord s Supper 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|”

John 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.16|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.14.16|AUTODETECT|”

14:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.32|AUTODETECT|”

); in Gethsemane 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.32|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 14:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.35|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.35|AUTODETECT|”

35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.36|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.36|AUTODETECT|”

36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.39|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.14.39|AUTODETECT|”

39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.39|AUTODETECT|”

; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.39|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 26:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.42|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.42|AUTODETECT|”

42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.44|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.26.44|AUTODETECT|”

44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.42|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.22.42|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 22:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|”

); on the cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 23:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.15.34|AUTODETECT|”

; ��49�� ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.15.34|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 15:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.46|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.27.46|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 27:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 23:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.24.30|AUTODETECT|”

); and after his resurrection 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.24.30|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 24:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

). These references must be considered as being merely examples of a much more extensive life of prayer and thanksgiving.) 1 1 2 8 0 0

A few quotations culled from the prayers of our Lord, as recorded in the Gospels, show how genuine, intimate, trustful, unselfish, and God-glorifying they were:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.26|AUTODETECT|”

I praise thee, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst hide these things from wise and learned (people) and didst reveal them to babes & 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.26|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 25, 26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.41|AUTODETECT|”

Father, I thank thee that thou hast heard me. I know that thou dost always hear me, but on account of the multitude that is standing around I said (this), in order that they may believe that thou has sent me 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.41|AUTODETECT|”

John 11:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.42|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.11.42|AUTODETECT|”

42) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|”

Father, the hour has arrived; glorify thy Son, in order that the Son may glorify thee & Holy Father, keep them in thy name & I make request that they all may constantly be one & 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.17.0|AUTODETECT|”

John 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

Christ s highpriestly prayer, for himself, his immediate disciples, and the Church Universal).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.39|AUTODETECT|” My Father, if it be possible, let this cup be spared me; nevertheless, not as I will but as thou wilt.& My Father, if it is not possible that this (cup) be spared me except I drink it, thy will be done 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.39|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 26:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.26.42|AUTODETECT|”

42. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 and parallels in Mark and Luke).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing & Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.34|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|”
43. 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Jesus also urged prayer on his followers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.29|AUTODETECT|” Mark 9:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.18|AUTODETECT|” 13:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.13.33|AUTODETECT|”
44. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.38|AUTODETECT|” 14:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.7-40.7.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.7.7-40.7.11|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 7:7 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.18.1-42.18.8|AUTODETECT|” Luke 18:1 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.6-40.6.8|AUTODETECT|” ), and showed them how to pray and how not to pray 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.6-40.6.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:6 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.9-40.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ). In this connection he also taught them what is known as the Lord s Prayer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.6.9-40.6.15|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 6:9 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.43-43.1.45|AUTODETECT|” Viewed in this context verse 35 becomes meaningful. 36, 37. Simon and those who were with him went in search of him, and having found him said to him, Everybody is looking for you. If Jesus had spent the night at Simon s house, this might explain why Simon is mentioned so prominently: Simon and those with him. But it is probable that almost from the beginning this man Simon that is, Peter was, on account of his very character or personality, considered a leader. Those who were with him ; shall we say Andrew, James, and John? On the basis of verses 16 20 this would seem natural, but there may also have been others 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.43-43.1.45|AUTODETECT|” John 1:43 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.17|AUTODETECT|” These men, then, diligently, eagerly searched for Jesus. They were determined to find him.��50�� Note the synonymous expression in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.17|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 : He [Onesiphorus] diligently searched for me and found me! So also in the case of Simon and his fellow-disciples the search was successful. They found Jesus. Their intention was to bring him right back to Capernaum, where everybody, that is, a large crowd of people perhaps gathered again in front of Peter s house was looking for Jesus. Excitedly the disciples inform Jesus about this.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The result, however, was surprising. Jesus is not going to allow the people in general, or even his disciples, to tell him where he should go. Besides, in his great love he wishes to distribute his favors among the many. Capernaum will see him again. It remains for a while his center of operations, his headquarters. But he does not wish to confine himself to that one city. Hence, there follows: 38. And he said to them, Let us go elsewhere, to the next town, that I may preach there also.& ��51�� Let us go shows that Jesus wishes to have his disciples remain with him as he goes on this tour through the Galilean towns and villages. Are they not being trained for apostleship?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Jesus says nothing about performing miracles in these places. That he actually performed them is clear from verse 39b; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.24|AUTODETECT|”
45. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.43|AUTODETECT|” . But he places all the emphasis on preaching the good tidings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” ). The miracles served an ancillary purpose. They confirmed his message and showed who he was. But he stresses the open proclamation of the love of God revealed in the salvation of sinners and reflected in their lives. He underscores the preaching that men are saved apart from any burdensome obligation to obey all the rabbinical regulations; that they enter the kingdom solely on the basis of the blood that was to be shed 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.11.28-40.11.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 11:28 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Mark 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ). By means of such preaching Jesus was fulfilling the very purpose of the Savior s departure from heaven and coming to earth. Therefore, with respect to it he continues: because for this purpose I came forth. Came forth not just from Nazareth, or from Capernaum, but definitely from heaven. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.11|AUTODETECT|” John 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.12|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.12|AUTODETECT|”
46. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.38|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.38|AUTODETECT|” 6:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.42|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.8.42|AUTODETECT|” 8:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.3|AUTODETECT|” 13:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.37|AUTODETECT|” 18:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.9.32|AUTODETECT|”

39. So he traveled throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons. The logic is clear: Let us go elsewhere is here followed by So he traveled throughout all Galilee ; and, that I may preach, by preaching in their synagogues and casting out demons. For demon-possession and expulsion see also on 1:21 28, 32 34; and N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.32|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 9:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10-40.8.13|AUTODETECT|” Striking is the expression throughout all Galilee, the Galilee with its mixture of Jew and Gentile. Though healings are not mentioned, they may well be suggested by demon-expulsions, for the two often go together. And with respect to such deeds of mercy, we may well assume that nationalistic distinctions did not triumph in the end. The spirit of the Master is clearly set forth in such passages as ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.10-40.8.13|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:10 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.24-41.7.30|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.24-41.7.30|AUTODETECT|” Mark 7:24 30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.25-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.25-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” . Truly he was, and is, the Savior of the world 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.42|AUTODETECT|” John 4:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=62.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I John 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Nevertheless, when specific mention is made of preaching in their synagogues the reference is, of course, to a distinctly Jewish institution. To the Jew first, and also to the Greek 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) was the order of operation.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 The Synagogue During New Testament Times) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.21|AUTODETECT|” Exactly when it was that the synagogue had its origin is not known. It is clear, however, that during the days of the New Testament it was already considered an ancient and widely spread institution 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.15.21|AUTODETECT|” Acts 15:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Nevertheless not until the days of the Babylonian captivity did the synagogue attain a permanent place in the lives of the Jewish people. Some authorities believe that it did not come into being until after the captivity; hence, perhaps in the time of Ezra with his emphasis on the importance and sacredness of God s holy law. However that may be, both the destruction of the temple and for many people the great distance between their homes and the Jerusalem temple made the erection of synagogues a necessity. They appeared everywhere. Sometimes one city would have several synagogues. According to a statement in the Jerusalem Talmud, at the time of the destruction of Jerusalem (a.d. 70) there were 480 synagogues in Jerusalem an exaggeration, of course.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 What made the synagogue so important was the many services it rendered. First and most of all it was supposed to be the place where God s holy law was read and explained to the people. When this was done properly great blessings followed. But when misuse was made of this privilege, so that the explanation of the law deteriorated into a superimposition of hairsplitting rabbinical ordinances on that which God demanded, the blessing never arrived.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” The existence of both temple and synagogue did not create any problem. Though both offered facilities for teaching 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” John 18:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), yet in the temple the emphasis was on offerings, in the synagogue on teaching. That temple and synagogue were no competitors or rivals appears from the fact that before the destruction of the temple there was a synagogue on temple hill; and Theodotus functioned in a double capacity, being priest in the temple and ruler of the synagogue.) 1 9 2 8 0 0 As to the form or shape of synagogues, this varied. Generally they were built of stone. Until recently it was thought that no synagogue dating from the first century a.d. had survived. It was well-known that what had remained of the one at Capernaum (Tel Hum) was of a later date, although the site may well have been the same as that of the synagogue in which Jesus taught.��52�� However, under the leadership of the archaeologist Y. Yadin a synagogue has now been uncovered on the rock of Masada, near the western shore of the narrow part of the Dead Sea.��53�� It is a rectangular structure, the roof resting upon two rows of columns. It dates from the time of the second temple.) What made the synagogue so important was that in addition to being a place where the regular worship services were held it also served many other purposes.

It was a place to which a person could go to pour out his heart in prayer or thanksgiving. It was also an elementary school, had rooms that could be used for imparting instruction to the youth, or had a school attached to it. Often it was used by the rabbi as his study. Sometimes the building even provided lodging facilities for the rabbi and/or for strangers who were looking for shelter.) From the viewpoint of Christianity most important of all was what has been called the freedom of the synagogue. What this means will become clear from a brief summary of the Order of Worship that prevailed. It was probably about as follows:) 1.

Thanksgivings or blessings spoken in connection with (before and after), the Shema : Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One, and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your might ) 2. Prayer, with response of Amen by the congregation) 3. Reading of a passage from the Pentateuch (in Hebrew, followed by translation into Aramaic)) 4. Reading of a passage from the Prophets (similarly translated)) 5. Sermon or word of exhortation) 6. The Benediction pronounced by a priest, to which the congregation responded with Amen.

When no priest was present a Closing Prayer was substituted for the Benediction.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.22-4.6.27|AUTODETECT|” For corroboration of this Liturgy, as far as this is possible from Scripture, see the following: ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=4.6.22-4.6.27|AUTODETECT|” Num. 6:22 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.4|AUTODETECT|” Deut. 6:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.5|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=5.6.5|AUTODETECT|” 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.16.36|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=13.16.36|AUTODETECT|” I Chron. 16:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.5.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.5.13|AUTODETECT|” Neh. 5:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.8.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=16.8.6|AUTODETECT|” 8:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:16 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.16|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.14.16|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 14:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Talmudic passages and other Jewish sources, having been written at a later date, are valuable also but cannot always be relied upon to show exactly how the services were conducted during the days of Jesus and the apostles.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16|AUTODETECT|” The freedom of the synagogue implied that any person present at the service, that is, anyone who was considered suitable by the ruler (or the rulers) of the synagogue, was privileged and even encouraged to deliver the sermon. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.17|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.17|AUTODETECT|” 17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.21-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” . It is easy to understand that this provision made it possible for Jesus and also later on for Paul and other Christian leaders to bring the gospel to the assembled congregation. The sermon preached by Jesus in Nazareth s synagogue is summarized in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.21-42.4.27|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:21 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.16-44.13.41|AUTODETECT|” ; that preached by Paul in the synagogue of Pisidian Antioch is recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.16-44.13.41|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:16 41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” . That Jesus took full advantage of this privilege is clear also from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.35|AUTODETECT|” 9:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.54|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.13.54|AUTODETECT|” 13:54) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.21|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.2|AUTODETECT|” 6:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.44|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.44|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.10|AUTODETECT|” 13:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.59|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.59|AUTODETECT|” John 6:59) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.18.20|AUTODETECT|” 18:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” . So did Paul. Besides ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|” see 9:20; 13:5; 14:1; 17:1, 10, 17; 18:4, 19. And so did Apollos; see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.18.26|AUTODETECT|” Acts 18:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . Since not only Jews but also God-fearers from the Gentile world people who had exchanged the idolatry and immorality of paganism for Judaism attended the synagogues in the regions where Paul, etc. performed their missionary labors, it is clear that the synagogue was tired by God as one of the most important and powerful means for the spread of the gospel among both Jews and Gentiles!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|” In order to understand more fully what it meant for Jesus to preach in the synagogues of Galilee 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.39|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:39) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) or anywhere else, a few more facts should be added. As the existing ruins clearly indicate, synagogues faced Jerusalem; that is to say, they were so built that the speaker, while addressing the audience, and also the man who at the close of the service was leaving the synagogue, would be looking toward the Holy City. Thus, the Galilean synagogues faced south; those east of the Jordan faced west; those south of Jerusalem, north; and those to the west of it faced east.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 What this meant for Jesus was that in whatever synagogue he preached he was always, while speaking, facing the place where he was going to be crucified. It was impossible for him not to be thinking of the cross!��54��) ) 1:40 45 A Leper Cleansed) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2-40.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2-40.8.4|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:2 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12-42.5.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12-42.5.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:12 16) 1 2 2 8 0 0 40 And a leper came up to him, on his knees begging him, If you will, you can cleanse me. 41 So, while his heart went out to him, he [Jesus] stretched out his hand, touched him, and said to him, I will; be cleansed. 42 At once the leprosy left him and he was cleansed. 43 And he sternly warned him and immediately sent him away. 44 Be sure not to tell anything to anybody, he said to him, but go, show yourself to the priest and, for a testimony to them, offer what Moses prescribed for your cleansing. 45 Instead he went out and began to publish the matter, spreading the news around so widely that he [Jesus] could not enter any town openly but stayed outside in lonely places. Yet people came to him from everywhere.) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.43|AUTODETECT|” 40. And a leper came up to him, on his knees begging him.& Exactly when and where the miracle here recorded occurred is not stated anywhere. Most natural, however, is the view that it took place on the Galilean circuit to which Mark has just now referred (verse 39). In support of this consider also Let us go elsewhere, to the next towns (verse 38); cf. to the other cities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.43|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ), followed by the statement that the cleansing of the leper occurred while Jesus was in one of the cities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.13-41.3.19|AUTODETECT|” ). If this conclusion is correct, the incident probably occurred before the calling of The Twelve to the apostleship 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.13-41.3.19|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:13 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:12 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.1-40.8.1|AUTODETECT|” ) and before the preaching of the Sermon on the Mount 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.1-40.8.1|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:1 8:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.6.12-42.6.16|AUTODETECT|” Luke 6:12 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).��55��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.13.1-42.13.5|AUTODETECT|” In connection with And a leper came up to him there are those who deny the correctness of the rendering leper and leprosy. They maintain that not leprosy proper (Hansen s disease) but vitiligo, leucoderma, and/or other skin sicknesses are meant. On the other hand Dr. L. S. Huizenga, having received both a theological and a medical training, and basing his conclusion upon a detailed study of all the pertinent biblical material and on his own experience with lepers, states: I believe that Moses describes a definite disease a disease which corresponds to what we today call leprosy, though the symptoms may not be the same (Unclean!

Unclean!, Grand Rapids, 1927, pp. 145, 146; see his entire argument, pp. 143 147). One matter must be made perfectly clear: Jesus did not hold anybody in low esteem for being a leper, not any more than for being blind, deaf, etc. He came into the world to help, to heal, and to save. The unkind and harsh judgment of those who ascribed individual physical afflictions to the particular wickedness of the person so afflicted as if, for example, a physical leper would of necessity also be a moral leper was condemned by him in no uncertain terms 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.13.1-42.13.5|AUTODETECT|”

Luke 13:1 5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.9.1-43.9.7|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=43.9.1-43.9.7|AUTODETECT|”

John 9:1 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.19.17|AUTODETECT|”

Moreover, the healing ministry of Christ should be an encouragement to all those persons and organizations that are genuinely involved in providing help and care for those in need: deacons and deaconates, relief workers and societies, medical missionaries, nurses, voluntary helpers in hospitals, etc. From this the inference must not be drawn that the responsibility for providing help and care rests only on certain groups of specialists; no, it rests on everyone, and certainly on every believer 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=20.19.17|AUTODETECT|”

Prov. 19:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.10.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.10.8|AUTODETECT|”

Matt. 10:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=40.25.31-40.25.46|AUTODETECT|”

25:31 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.41|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.9.41|AUTODETECT|”

Mark 9:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.8.8|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.8.8|AUTODETECT|”

II Cor. 8:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.8.9|AUTODETECT|”

9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=47.9.7|AUTODETECT|”

9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.10|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=48.6.10|AUTODETECT|”

Gal. 6:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.32-49.5.2|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=49.4.32-49.5.2|AUTODETECT|”

Eph. 4:32 5:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.4.17|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=50.4.17|AUTODETECT|”

Phil. 4:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|”

; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|”

I Tim. 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0

).��56��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.13.45|AUTODETECT|”

This leper came up to Jesus, up close enough to be touched by the Master. This is remarkable, especially in view of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.13.45|AUTODETECT|”

Lev. 13:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.13.46|AUTODETECT|”

, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=3.13.46|AUTODETECT|”

46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.17.12|AUTODETECT|”

& Alone shall he dwell; outside the camp shall be his habitation. With this compare ten lepers who stood at a distance 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.17.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 17:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ). This man must have heard enough about Christ s deeds of power coupled with sympathy to understand that here was someone who could be hopefully approached. Of course, he did not know whether the help he craved would be given even to him & a man full of leprosy 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” ). But there was nothing wrong with asking. He does this in a most humble manner: he drops to his knees (thus Mark), then lowers his face to the ground 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.12|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ), begging, If you will, you can cleanse me. According to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 he even addressed Jesus as Lord. By this he must have meant far more than Sir. Otherwise, how could he have made the confession that he made. You can cleanse me, he says. Of this power on the part of Jesus he is sure. If you will. Of this willingness he is not sure, but he submits himself to Christ s sovereign disposition. He does, however, beg or implore that he, too, may be the recipient of Christ s healing power and mercy.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.36|AUTODETECT|”

41. So, while his heart went out to him.& It is Mark alone who mentions this. Literally, the translation would have to be having been moved in his inner being . On this active sympathy of Jesus, a compassion that expressed itself in deeds, see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 9:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.14.14|AUTODETECT|” 14:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.32|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.15.32|AUTODETECT|” 15:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.18.27|AUTODETECT|” 18:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.34|AUTODETECT|” 20:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.34|AUTODETECT|” Mark 6:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.2|AUTODETECT|” 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 7:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.17|AUTODETECT|” . However, it is not enough to study only such passages in which the very same verb occurs. See also passages of similar import and at times synonymous phraseology; for example, He has taken our infirmities upon himself and carried our diseases 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Mark 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.19|AUTODETECT|” 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=41.5.34|AUTODETECT|”

34. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.36|AUTODETECT|”
35. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.43|AUTODETECT|”
36. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.31|AUTODETECT|” 6:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.37|AUTODETECT|”
37. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.37|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.7.37|AUTODETECT|” 7:37) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.23|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.23|AUTODETECT|” 9:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.36|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.36|AUTODETECT|”
38. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.37|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.37|AUTODETECT|”
39. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.42|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.9.42|AUTODETECT|”
40. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.14-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.14-41.10.16|AUTODETECT|” 10:14 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.21|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.21|AUTODETECT|”
41. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.43-41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.43-41.10.45|AUTODETECT|” 43 45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.49|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.10.49|AUTODETECT|”
42. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.25|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.11.25|AUTODETECT|” 11:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.29-41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.29-41.12.31|AUTODETECT|” 12:29 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.34|AUTODETECT|”
43. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.43|AUTODETECT|”
44. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.12.44|AUTODETECT|”
45. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.6-41.14.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.6-41.14.9|AUTODETECT|” 14:6 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.24|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.22-41.14.24|AUTODETECT|” 22 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.23|AUTODETECT|” (!); 16:7. Similar passages could be added from Luke and John. One stands amazed at the number of times this compassion of Jesus, this tenderness or outpouring of his heart in words and deeds of sympathy, is mentioned in the Gospels. He is constantly taking the condition of the afflicted ones to heart. Living in the midst of a people who were placing all the emphasis on legal trivialities, which was true especially of the leaders, he stands out as the One whose emphasis is on the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and fidelity 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.23.23|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 23:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The sorrows of the people are his own sorrows. He dearly and intensely loves the burdened ones, and is eager to help them.��57��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” & he [Jesus] stretched out his hand, touched him, and said to him, I will; be cleansed.��58�� Repeatedly and in varying phraseology the Gospels speak of the healing touch of Christ s hands. To ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” add 7:33; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.15|AUTODETECT|”
46. 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.29|AUTODETECT|” 9:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.7|AUTODETECT|” 17:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.34|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.20.34|AUTODETECT|” 20:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.7.14|AUTODETECT|” 7:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.51|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.22.51|AUTODETECT|” 22:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.10|AUTODETECT|” . Sometimes, however, the sick touched Jesus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.3.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 3:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.27-41.5.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.27-41.5.31|AUTODETECT|” 5:27 31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.56|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.6.56|AUTODETECT|” 6:56) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.30|AUTODETECT|” ). Either way the afflicted ones were healed. Evidently in connection with such physical contact healing power issued from the Savior and was transmitted to the person in need of it 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.30|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” ). This, however, was no magic! The healing power did not originate in his fingers or his garment. It came straight from the divine and human Jesus, from his almighty will and infinitely sympathetic heart. There was healing power in that touch because he was, and is, touched with the feeling of our infirmities 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.4.15|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 4:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” ). It should not escape the reader that according to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Jesus was moved with compassion when he stretched out his hand and touched the leper. The leper s need and faith found an immediate response in the Savior s eagerness to help. And this readiness was one in which his power and his love embraced each other.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is sometimes said that between the words of the leper and those of Jesus there is perfect correspondence. This is correct in the sense that the two statements do not clash but are in full harmony, revealing even a partial identity of phraseology. One could also say, however, that the words of the Lord excel mere correspondence. To be sure, the leper s you can cleanse me is answered by Christ s I can, indeed! implied in his act of healing. But the leper s if you will is superseded by the Master s swift and splendid I will. Here the will joins the power, and the subtraction of if conjoined with the addition of Be cleansed transforms a condition of hideous disease into one of hardy health.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.5.13|AUTODETECT|”

42. At once the leprosy left him and he was cleansed. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.13|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” refers to the departure of the leprosy; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.3|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.8|AUTODETECT|” , to the cleansing; Mark has both. The healings brought about by Jesus were complete and instantaneous.��59�� Peter s mother-in-law did not have to wait until the following day to be cured of her fever. The paralytic immediately begins to walk away, carrying his pallet. The withered hand is restored at once. The demoniac, wild a moment earlier, cutting himself with sharp stones, all at once is fully cure. The same holds with respect to the woman who touched Christ s garment.

Even the dead daughter of Jairus is in one moment restored to life, so that she arises and starts walking. Let the healers of today imitate this! Let them cure every illness immediately. Yes, let them even raise the dead, for if their claim to be able to do what Jesus did and what he commanded his apostles to do, is valid, they should certainly also raise the dead 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.10.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 10:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). So far, however, they have not succeded in doing this.��60�� In fact, they have not even succeeded in getting rid of death by denying its existence.��61��) 1 1 2 8 0 0 43, 44. And he sternly warned��62�� him and immediately sent him away. Be sure not to tell anything to anybody, he said to him, but go, show yourself to the priest and, for a testimony to them, offer what Moses prescribed for your cleansing.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.30|AUTODETECT|” The verb sternly warned (or: charged) is interesting. Starting, perhaps, from the idea of the snorting of an impatient horse, or simply in general from the idea of making noise in anger, it is easy to see how readily this develops into charge or warn sternly, as here and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.30|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 9:30) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.5|AUTODETECT|” ; and into reproached or scolded. In this manner the disciples rebuked Mary of Bethany when they failed to understand that the language of love is lavishness 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.5|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.33|AUTODETECT|” ). In ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.33|AUTODETECT|” John 11:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.38|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.38|AUTODETECT|” 38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 the context indicates that a very broad meaning must be assigned to the verb: Jesus was deeply moved in the spirit. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.14.1-3.14.7|AUTODETECT|” Jesus does not want the man to publicize how and by whom he was cleansed. The reason(s) for this prohibition have not been revealed. Perhaps one reason was that the Master wanted to be known as a bringer of good tidings, not most of all as a miracle worker. It is, after all, the word, the message, which, applied to the heart by the Holy Spirit, saves. See 1:38. Also, enthusiasm about Jesus as a miracle worker could have led to a premature crisis. This, too, he wishes to avoid. He is going to die for his people. But the hour decreed for this has not yet arrived. So, what the man was ordered to do was to go to Jerusalem and show himself to the priest. This implied that he must bring the required offering 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.14.1-3.14.7|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 14:1 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). That offering consisted of two clean, living birds. One had to be killed. In its blood the other bird had to be dipped and then released. The blood of the slain bird was also sprinkled over the healed man; in fact, seven times. He was then pronounced cured. When the priests hear that it was Jesus who had so completely and instantly cured this man, they will have received an irrefutable testimony to Jesus power and love. They will also know that even though Jesus condemns human traditions that make void God s holy law, he does not disobey that law.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 45. Instead he went out and began to publish the matter, spreading the news around so widely that he [Jesus] could not enter any town openly but stayed outside in lonely places.) & began to publish. Is this began (26 times in Mark) a redundant auxiliary? Would not its consistent omission spoil Mark s graphic style? Cf., however, 6:7, footnote 233.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.11.52|AUTODETECT|” In verse 40 we saw the leper at his best. Now, in verse 45, we see him at his worst. By this act of inexcusable disobedience he deprived many towns of the blessings that might have come their way if Jesus could have entered. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=42.11.52|AUTODETECT|” Luke 11:52) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b. Yet people came to him from everywhere. The work of Jesus did not suffer complete interruption. Men are divided into two groups: a. those who wait until the messenger comes to them; b. those who go out to find and hear the one who brings the message. From all around this latter group came to Jesus.) 1 6 2 8 0 0 It is not the leper on whom our main attention should be riveted. Rather, it should be bestowed upon the Benefactor, who was willing to pour an inestimable blessing upon a man so unworthy.) Summary of Chapter 1:14 45) The material under this heading may be divided as follows:) a. The beginning of the Great Galilean Ministry (1:14, 15). Between Christ s baptism and temptation, on the one hand, and his arrival in Galilee, on the other, about a year may have elapsed, spent mostly in Judea. At the end of that year his popularity had become such that remaining any longer in and around Jerusalem, the headquarters of the Jewish religious leaders, would have been inadvisable. John the Baptist had been imprisoned.

Even before that had happened the crowds following Jesus were already larger than those following John. So naturally, when John was completely removed, the only Leader commanding respect was Jesus. Result: huge crowds listening to the Master, many believing in him; increased envy among scribes, Pharisees, priests; the decision of Jesus to leave for the north, that is, for Galilee. Arrived there, The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God is at hand, was his message. He announced that the reign of God in the hearts and lives of men would begin to assert itself more powerfully than ever before, with great blessings in store for many, especially for those who would turn to God and believe the gospel.) b. The calling of four fishermen (verses 16 20).

Going along the Sea of Galilee, Jesus calls to himself Peter and Andrew, who were fishing when they heard Jesus say to them, Come, follow me, and I will make you to become fishers of men. Immediately they obeyed. So did also James and John who, at a little distance away from the others, were mending their nets. They left their father Zebedee in the boat with the hired men, and followed Jesus. All four, though already acquainted with Jesus, now start training in earnest for apostleship.) c. The healing of a man with an unclean spirit (verses 21 28).

In the synagogue at Capernaum Jesus teaches. The people are amazed about the content and the method of his teaching. In the synagogue that sabbath there was a man with an unclean spirit. Why do you bother us? said the demon, making use of the man s vocal organs. Have you come to destroy us? The evil spirit seemed to fear that even now Jesus would hurl him and his fellow-demons into the place where Satan is kept.

Jesus commanded the demon to leave the man. Throwing him into convulsions and causing him to shriek loudly, the demon got out of him. Reaction on the part of the synagogue audience to Christ s teaching and demon-expulsion in the synagogue: utter amazement.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Curtailing the power of Satan and opening the hearts of men for the reception of the gospel are closely connected both in the Gospels and elsewhere 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1-66.20.3|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:1 3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 d. The healing of Simon s mother-in-law and of many others (verses 29 34). We find Jesus, Peter, Andrew, James, and John at Peter s home. Simon s (=Peter s) mother-in-law is laid up with a high fever. The help of the Master has been requested. Jesus stood over her (Luke), touched her (Matthew), took her by the hand and lifted her up (Mark).

At once the fever left her so completely that she began to wait on her guests. So quickly did the report of what Jesus had done in the synagogue and immediately afterward spread that at sabbath s close people started to bring to Jesus those that were sick and/or demon-possessed. To all those many people Jesus granted deliverance from their afflictions. Yet he did not allow the demons to speak. Why not? One reason may have been that he did not want to be known chiefly as a miracle-worker.

He wanted the people to take to heart his words even more than to be amazed by his works.) e. Christ s pre-dawn prayer, etc. (verses 35 39). After such a long, strenuous day Jesus felt the need of quiet communion with his Father. Therefore very early in the morning he left the house (Peter s? His own?) and departed to a lonely place, where he prayed. The Gospels report that Jesus prayed on many occasions, urged prayer upon his followers, and even showed them how to pray.

Christ s devotions, however, were interrupted by the exclamation of Peter (and company), Everybody is looking for you! Peter and the others wanted to take Jesus right back to Capernaum. But Jesus refused. He wanted to distribute his favors among the people of many towns and villages. Did he perhaps also wish to impress upon the citizens of Capernaum that those who had received should now begin to give? Let us go elsewhere, to the next towns, he said, that I may preach there also, because for this purpose I came forth, meaning: from heaven to earth.

Preaching and demon-expulsions throughout Galilee followed.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.13.45|AUTODETECT|” f. A leper cleansed (verses 40 45). Probably while Jesus was on the Galilean circuit mentioned by Mark in verse 39 a leper came up to him. In spite of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.13.45|AUTODETECT|” Lev. 13:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.13.46|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=3.13.46|AUTODETECT|” 46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 he came close enough to be touched by Jesus. Falling on his knees he begged the Master, If you will, you can cleanse me. Mark s Gospel reports that the heart of Jesus went out to this sorely afflicted man. The Healer said, I will; be cleansed. At once the leprosy left him and he was completely cured. Not only that, but Jesus even saw to it that the man s standing among the public and in the religious life of Israel would be completely restored.

For that purpose he sent him to Jerusalem so that he might bring the offerings stipulated by the Mosaic law, might be pronounced cured, and would then be able to take his place in society without being shunned by anyone. This very cure would bear testimony to the priesthood with reference to Christ s greatness and his obedience to the divine law. Jesus, for reasons not stated, charged the man not to broadcast what had happened to him: how and by whom he had been healed. Upon the dark background of the cleansed leper s disobedience the mercy of Jesus stands out all the more triumphantly.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.1-41.1.8|AUTODETECT|” 9 These cross references to the other Gospels are indicated merely for the purpose of comparison. The degree or amount of resemblance is not shown. So, for example, the cross references here given do not mean that the entire content of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.1-41.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:1 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is paralleled or even reflected in the other Gospels.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 8 Or: of a complete turnabout in mind and heart. See the explanation.) 10) In favor of the first position is Vincent Taylor, The Gospel according to St. Mark, London, 1953, p. 152. Also J. A. C.

Van Leeuwen, Het Evangelie naar Markus (Korte Verklaring), Kampen, 1935, p. 20. From here on whenever Van Leeuwen s name is followed by op. cit. it is this volume of Korte Verklaring that is meant. Also endorsing the first position are G. C. Morgan, The Gospel according to Mark, New York, etc., 1927, p. 12; and R. C.

H. Lenski, The Interpretation of St. Mark s and St. Luke s Gospels, Columbus, 1934, p. 15 of the first part of that volume. From here on op. cit. in connection with this author will be a reference to the Mark portion of the indicated volume in his commentary series. A.

B. Bruce, The Synoptic Gospels (The Expositor s Greek Testament, Vol. I, the section on Mark, pp. 341 457 of that volume), Grand Rapids, no date, p. 341, also defends the idea that the words in question may best be taken as a superscription of the whole Gospel, though he regards their connection either with verses 2, 3, or with verse 4, as yielding a perfectly good meaning. Hereafter op. cit., linked with A. B. Bruce, indicates this particular work.

E. P. Groenewald, Die Evangelie volgens Markus (Kommentaar op Die Bybel, Nuwe Testament, Vol. II), Pretoria, 1948, p. 21, also favors the superscription idea; and so do many others.) Very interesting is the view of C. R. Erdman, The Gospel of Mark, An Exposition, Philadelphia, 1945.

He grants the possibility of the book-title theory (p. 19), but subsequently links the phrase with the John the Baptist sequel (bottom of p. 20).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.34-44.10.43|AUTODETECT|” 11 It has been pointed out that the scope of Peter s preaching, as shown in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.34-44.10.43|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:34 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , was almost the same as that of Mark s Gospel. See F. F. Bruce, Commentary on the book of Acts (The New International Commentary on The New Testament), Grand Rapids, 1964. p. 226.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 12 Though the words the Son of God are omitted by the very important manuscript Sinaiticus (or Aleph) and by some manuscripts of less significance, these words are found in the no less valuable uncial B (Vaticanus); also in Codex Bezae (D) and in fact in the great mass of the manuscripts (A. T. Robertson). There would seem to be no solid reason to omit them in the translation.) 13 On the subject of the denial of Christ s deity see also N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 57 61; and the record of the debate between J.

R. Straton and C. F. Potter, Was Christ Both God and Man? (a volume in the Straton-Potter debates), New York, 1924.) 14 However, in the LXX the second line reads, That he may guard thee in thy way. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” 15 In the Gospels and in the considerably different Septuagint text the phrase in the wilderness modifies of one crying, and not make ready, as it does in the masoretic accentuation of the Hebrew text of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.40.3|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 40:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , the latter construction being also supported by the parallelism: in the wilderness make ready and make straight in the desert. However, this difference between the Gospels and the Hebrew text is unimportant, for it is natural to assume that the wilderness crier, as the mouthpiece of the One who sent him, wants a way to be cleared in the wilderness.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” 16 The fact that what is said of Jehovah in the Old Testament is referred to Christ in the New should cause no surprise. For similar instances of this transition from Jehovah to Christ see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=2.13.21|AUTODETECT|” Exod. 13:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.4|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.10.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 10:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.18|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.68.18|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 68:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.8|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.102.25-19.102.27|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.102.25-19.102.27|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 102:25 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.10-58.1.12|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.1.10-58.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 1:10 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.6.1|AUTODETECT|” Isa. 6:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.41|AUTODETECT|” , cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.12.41|AUTODETECT|” John 12:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . It is in Immanuel that Jehovah comes to dwell with his people.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) 17 For facts in support of this date see the author s Bible Survey, Grand Rapids, 1961, pp. 59 62, 69.) 18) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.32|AUTODETECT|” Van Leeuwen, op. cit., p. 25, favors the idea that this he refers to John the Baptist. Now it is true that John did indeed see all this happening 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.32|AUTODETECT|” John 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.16|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ). But here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 he can very well point to its closest antecedent, Jesus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.16|AUTODETECT|” As to the other passages, it is not easy to think of Jesus himself actually seeing the dove-shaped object alighting on himself and remaining in that position for a little while. That Jesus himself would see the dove descend is not hard to grasp, as is also the fact that someone who stood nearby in the present case John the Baptist and probably others saw the object not only descend but also settle on the head of Christ. It would seem, therefore, that a. the he in and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and lighting on him 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.16|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.32|AUTODETECT|” ) is the I of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.32|AUTODETECT|” John 1:32) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; hence, is John the Baptist; but b. the he of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.10|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 indicates Jesus himself. This double conclusion is also supported by the fact that the immediately following context in Matthew (see verse 17) introduces the Father as addressing not Jesus but John ; while, on the other hand, the immediately following context in Mark (see verse 11) represents the Father as speaking not to John but to Jesus . Of course, the difference is minor. In reality what occurred here was of significance not only for Jesus but also for John and for anyone else who may have been present.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.14|AUTODETECT|” 19 In connection with the subject of God s good pleasure the present is by no means the only passage in which the One who exercises this good pleasure is not named; see, for example, also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.2.14|AUTODETECT|” Luke 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.19|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” . ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 makes very clear whose good pleasure is meant. So does the context in each of the other cases.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 20 On the difference between ����� and �����, and their respective derivatives see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 494 500.) 21 See Gram.N.T., pp. 369, 370. Cf. in English The House Beautiful with the beautiful house. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” 22 This is an excellent example of the timeless aorist. See Gram.N.T., p. 837; thus also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.17.5|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 17:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|” ; and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.3.22|AUTODETECT|” Luke 3:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 23 On the entire subject of Christ s baptism read also the following: A. B. Bruce, The Baptism of Jesus, Exp, 5th ser., 7 (1898), pp. 187 201; and W. E. Bundy, The Meaning of Jesus Baptism, JR, 7 (1927), pp. 56 71.) 24 Or: impelled him (to go) into) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) 25 However, he never uses the term diabolos (devil), always Satan.

From the A.V. it might appear that Mark also used the term devil (5:15, 16, 18; 7:26, 29, 30), but in these passages this evangelist speaks about demons and of those who were demon-possessed. ) 26 Thus, for example, A. B. Bruce states that Jesus was being tempted presumably the whole time (op. cit., p. 343). The adverb presumably or probably leaves the door ajar for a different interpretation!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 27 The same holds with respect to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.2|AUTODETECT|” b, ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 a, where the rendering offered by Phillips and by A.R.V. is to be preferred to that found in A.V.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 28 See J. G. Wood, Story of the Bible Animals, Philadelphia, no date, pp. 19 41.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.51|AUTODETECT|” 29 The idea of G. C. Morgan (op. cit., p. 27) that the animals gathered about Jesus as a friend cf. the experience of Fr. of Assisi with the birds runs contrary to the context, which note the words wilderness, tempted, and wild beasts stresses the difficult and terrible conditions surrounding the Lord. It is true that ���� basically means among, in the company of, but the company is by no means always nice and friendly 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.24.51|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 24:51) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.46|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.12.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 12:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.11-19.91.13|AUTODETECT|” 30 It is held by some that Mark drew this item about wild beasts and angels from ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.91.11-19.91.13|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 91:11 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , where the promise of victory over the lion and the adder follows immediately upon that of angelic protection. See S. E. Johnson, A Commentary on the Gospel according to St. Mark, London, 1960, p. 41. But is not this analogy rather far-fetched? Mark s account does not speak about angelic protection nor about victory over the wild beasts.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” 31 I base this probability on the assumption that the departure for, and entrance into, Galilee, to begin the Great Galilean Ministry mentioned here in Mark, is the same as that to which ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.3|AUTODETECT|” John 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.4.43|AUTODETECT|” 43) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.1|AUTODETECT|” refers. In John it was followed soon afterward by what was probably the second Passover festival of Christ s public ministry 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.5.1|AUTODETECT|” John 5:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ); hence, the Passover of the year a.d. 28, preceded, a year earlier, by the first Passover mentioned in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.13|AUTODETECT|” John 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.2.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 . See also N.T.C. on the Gospel according to John, Vol. I, pp. 36, 173, 188, 189; and my Bible Survey, pp. 61, 62, 69.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 32 Note, Fulfilled (is) the ������. In distinction from ������, ������ here views time from the aspect of the opportunity it provides, and not simply as a change from the past into the present into the future, not mere duration. See R. C. Trench, Synonyms of the New Testament, Grand Rapids, 1948, par. lvii.) 33 See A.R.V., R.S.V., etc., but not the poor rendering of 9:1 in A.V.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 34 ����������, sec. per. pl. present imperative of ��������. The verb occurs five times in Matthew (3:2; 4:17; 11:20, 21; 12:41), twice in Mark (1:15; 6:12), nine times in Luke, five times in Acts, once in II Cor. (12:21), and eleven times in the book of Revelation. The cognate noun �������� is also of frequent occurrence, beginning with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.8|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 3:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.3.11|AUTODETECT|” 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 2 2 8 0 0 35 The Dutch Statenbijbel already had the correct translation: Bekeert u. This has been retained in Nieuwe Vertaling.) 36 I do not accept Lenski s reasoning (op. cit., pp. 43, 44) that because ��������� follows ����������, the latter refers only to contrition. A word is not so easily deprived of its basic meaning. The addition of ��������� is for the sake of emphasis on the positive aspect of ��������.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.1-42.5.11|AUTODETECT|” 37 For the reasons showing why ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.5.1-42.5.11|AUTODETECT|” Luke 5:1 11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.22|AUTODETECT|” cannot in its entirely be regarded as a true parallel to ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.22|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:18 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.16-41.1.20|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.16-41.1.20|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:16 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 see N.T.C. on Matthew, p. 246.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.16-41.1.18|AUTODETECT|” 38 In phraseology ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.16-41.1.18|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:16 18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.20|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.4.18-40.4.20|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 4:18 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 are almost identical. The differences can be considered stylistic. Thus, Mark has going (or: passing) along ; Matthew, walking along ; Mark, he saw Simon and Andrew, Simon s brother ; Matthew, he saw two brothers, Simon called Peter and Andrew his brother . Matthew uses the noun casting-net where Mark s verbal form implies the noun. Matthew has, & and I will make you fishers or men ; Mark, & and I will make you become fishers of men. In verse 20 Matthew has �1 �� �P����, while Mark s corresponding verse 18 reads ��v �P���. Such close resemblance, yet slight difference, lends support to the theory that a. there is a literary connection between Mark and Matthew; b. each evangelist, nevertheless, has his own style.) 1 7 2 8 0 0 39 The Banner (a weekly published by the Christian Reformed denomination, with headquarters in Grand Rapids, Mich.), the March 24 and April 7, 1933 issues. After his valuable experience as a medical missionary Dr. Mulder was for many years the superintendent of a mental institution, namely, Pine Rest Christian Hospital, Grand Rapids, Mich.) 40 On �� !��� ��v ��� see M. Smith, Notes on Goodspeed s Problems of New Testament Translation, JBL, 64 (1945), pp. 512, 513.) 41 The meaning is the same whether the word Nazarene or man from Nazareth is spelled ��������� (Mark s usage; see, besides 1:24 also 10:47; 14:67; 16:6) or ��������� (Matthew s spelling; see 2:23; 26:71; also John s; see 18:5, 7; 19:19). Luke has both forms.) 42 ��������, 2nd per. sing. aor. imper. passive of ����� hence, Be silenced or simply Be silent, Be still, Be quiet. Cf. 4:39.

And �����, 2nd per. sing. aor. of ��������.) 43 According to another reading: he.) 44 This solution is suggested by Van Leeuwen, op. cit., p. 33.) 45 The reading ����|� &���� is supported by uncial B, and with different word order also by D. It also has the support of a couple other uncials and of a number of rather important cursives. R.S.V. has adopted the he reading in its text. Swete regards the they reading as being hardly tolerable. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|” 46 See A. T. Robertson, Luke the Historian in the Light of Research, New York, 1923, pp. 90 102: The Use of Medical Terms by Luke. &� ���������� ������ ������ 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.4.38|AUTODETECT|” Luke 4:38) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 5 2 8 0 0 47 Cf. H. N. Ridderbos, Zelfopenbaring en Zelfverberging, Kampen, 1946, p. 52.) 48 Note ���� ����� ���� = early at night very (cf. 16:2).) 49 On the assumption that this passage is authentic.) 50 The prefix ���� is perfective. The verb ��������� is often used in a hostile sense: to pursue, hunt or track down, but here: to search, with eager determination to find Jesus by all means.) 51) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.42|AUTODETECT|” ����� = 1st per. pl. pres. subj. active of ��. The basic meaning to bring, lead, guide, conduct, drive, convey develops into convey oneself, hence go. For this intransitive use see also ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.14.42|AUTODETECT|” Mark 14:42) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.7|AUTODETECT|” John 11:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.16|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.16|AUTODETECT|” 16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.31|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.31|AUTODETECT|” 14:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.33|AUTODETECT|” . With ������ in the New Testament occurring only here, and meaning elsewhere, cf. �������� (verse 28), meaning everywhere. The word �������, acc. pl. fem. pres. middle participle of ��, means holding fast to, clinging to, and so next, neighboring. (In the papyri �1 ������� are the neighbors.) The same word can also have a temporal sense: immediately following, next (in time) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.13.33|AUTODETECT|” Luke 13:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.44|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.13.44|AUTODETECT|” Acts 13:44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.15|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.20.15|AUTODETECT|” 20:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 5 2 8 0 0 The ��������� is literally a village-(����) city (�����); hence, small town. In the parallel passage Luke, however, uses the word cities (4:43).) Finally, ������ Isaiah 1st. per. sing. aor. act. subj. of �������; hence, that I may herald, preach, proclaim. ) 52 For pictures of the ruins of the second or third century Capernaum synagogue see L. H. Grollenberg, Atlas of the Bible, New York, etc., 1956, p. 126, plates 365 367.) 53 For location see E. G. Kraeling, Rand McNally Bible Atlas, New York, etc., 1956, p. 251.) 54 For the arrangement of the furniture, the seating of the worshipers, the position of the reader and of the speaker, etc., see illustration in Zondervan s Pictorial Dictionary, Grand Rapids, 1963, p. 819, with accompanying article by W.

W. Wessel. W. Schrage s articles on �������� etc., Th.D.N.T., Vol. VII, pp. 798 852, are also very informative. So is the excellent treatise by the New Testament scholar H.

Mulder, De Synagoge in de Nieuwtestamentische Tijd, Kampen, 1969.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2|AUTODETECT|” 55 ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2-40.9.34|AUTODETECT|” is not in conflict with this view. It contains no time reference. Besides, the miracles recorded in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.8.2-40.9.34|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 8:2 9:34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 are arranged topically, not chronologically. For a different view with respect to the time when the cleansing of the leper occurred see Lenski, op. cit., p. 57.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 56 See I. Van Dellen, The Ministry of Mercy, Grand Rapids, 1946.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” 57 Here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.1.41|AUTODETECT|” Mark 1:41) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.36|AUTODETECT|” , as well as in the list of passages beginning with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.9.36|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 9:36) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” , the verb is �������������, of which ������������� in the passage now under study is the nom. sing. masc. aor. participle. The ancients had just as much right to speak figuratively about the entrails (heart, liver, lungs), as we have about one of these, namely, the heart. Paul writes, His heart goes out to you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.7.15|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 7:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.7|AUTODETECT|” ); The hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.7|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ); my very heart 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). See also N.T.C. on Philippians, p. 58. footnote 39.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 58 ����������� = sec. per. sing. aor. imper. passive of ��������. It is the aorist, however, not because it refers to just one act. The aorist could still be used even if a hundred acts were involved. The point is not the number of acts, whether one or many, but the view: what Jesus orders here is the realization of a single fact or condition. See N.T.C. on John Vol. I, p. 125, footnote 64.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.23-41.8.25|AUTODETECT|” 59 Is this refuted by ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.8.23-41.8.25|AUTODETECT|” Mark 8:23 25) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ? See on that passage.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 60 On Faith Healing read W. E. Biederwolf, Whipping Post Theology, Grand Rapids, 1934.) 61 See A. A. Hoekema, The Four Major Cults, Grand Rapids, 1963, p. 188.) 62 �������������, nom. sing. masc. aor. participle of ����������. The verb means to snort (as a horse). It is probably a sound-imitation (onomatopoeia).)