2 Timothy 1
Hendriksen-8 1 3 2 -9 1 0 0 0 0 13 96 -9 2 0 0 2 0 1 RVStyle2 7 StyleNameNormal textFontNameArialUnicode Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaUnicode Size Standard StyleNameJumpFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonHoverEffects rvheUnderlineUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameHeading - Module name SizeDoubleFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode SizeStandard StyleName"Heading small - Module descriptionFontNameTahomaColorclMaroonUnicode Size Standard StyleNameHeading - LinkFontNameTahomaColorclNavy HoverColorclPurpleUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaStylefsUnderlineColorclBlueUnicode Jump Size Standard StyleNameDefaultFontNameTahomaColorclBlue HoverColorclMaroonNextStyleNoUnicode Jump Size -9 2 0 0 2 0 2 RVStyle2 jBiDiModervbdLeftToRightTabs StyleNameCentered Alignment rvaCenterTabsStandardTabs-9 2 0 0 2 0 4 RVStyle2 -9 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 72 2 8 0 0 Commentary) on) II Timothy) Outline of II Timothy) Theme: The Apostle Paul Tells Timothy What To Do in the Interest of Sound Doctrine) No brief outline can do full justice to the rich, varied, and overlapping contents of a letter which is as personal as is II Timothy. The dominant note, however, is clear: Timothy, do not be ashamed, but by God s grace exert yourself to the utmost, being willing to endure your share of hardship in preserving and promoting sound doctrine. ) There are no sharp divisions. Rather, the emphasis gradually shifts from one point to another. When a new point is made, the old one is not entirely relinquished. The thoughts overlap like shingles on a roof. For example, a key-passage in chapter 1 is, Do not be ashamed (verses 8, 12, 16).
The idea recurs, however, in chapter 2 (verse 15). Similarly, a key-passage in chapter 2 is, Suffer hardship along with us (verse 3; cf. verse 9). But this has been anticipated in chapter 1 (verse 8).) I have called Do not be ashamed a key-passage. It can hardly be called the key-passage, at least not in the sense that Paul s main idea in the first chapter would be negative. Do not be ashamed is, of course, an example of the figure of speech called litotes: strong affirmation by means of negation. Hence, the predominant idea of chapter 1 is Be very courageous.
Whatever happens, hold on to the precious doctrine of the church. ) Similarly, in chapter 2 the predominant idea is not simply that Timothy must be willing to suffer hardship along with Paul and others, but that he must be willing to do this in connection with all the work pertaining to the gospel-ministry, one phase of which is emphasized in this chapter, namely, that of teaching: imparting proper instruction in the Word over against heresy.) In chapter 3 the admonition to abide in the true doctrine obtains its justified emphasis from the observation, Grievous times will come. ) And in chapter 4 the exhortation, Preach the word, is introduced very solemnly, as an authoritative charge, I charge you. ) In view of all this the main line of thought running through II Timothy can be briefly indicated in the following manner (note the overlapping):) AS REGARDS SOUND DOCTRINE: ) HOLD ON TO IT Chapter 1 ) TEACH IT Chapter 2 ) ABIDE IN IT Chapter 3 ) PREACH IT Chapter 4 ) ) Main Divisions with Key-Passages) Chapter 1: HOLD ON TO IT) Stir into full flame that gift of God (verse 6)) Do not be ashamed (verse 8; cf. verses 12, 16)) Hold on to & the sound words (verse 13)) That precious deposit guard (verse 14)) Chapter 2: TEACH IT) The things which you have heard & entrust to faithful men & able to teach others also (verse 2)) Suffer hardship along with (us) (verse 3; cf. verse 9)) The Lord will give you understanding in all things (verse 14)) A servant of the Lord must be & qualified to teach (verse 24)) Chapter 3: ABIDE IN IT) Grievous seasons will come (verse 1)) But you have followed my teaching, conduct, purpose (verse 10)) Continue in the things which you have learned (verse 14)) Chapter 4: PREACH IT) I charge you (verse 1)) Preach the word (verse 2)) Do the work of an evangelist; your duties as a minister discharge to the full (verse 5).) Outline with Divisions and Subdivisions) Chapter 1: HOLD ON TO IT) Do not be ashamed. ) A. As did Lois and Eunice.) B. As I do, never ashamed of the gospel.) C. As did Onesiphorus, not ashamed of my chain. ) Chapter 2: TEACH IT) Suffer hardship along with (us). ) A. It brings great reward; is glorious in contents.) B. Vain disputes, on the contrary, serve no useful purpose. ) Chapter 3: ABIDE IN IT) Grievous times will come. ) A.
Knowing that enemies will arise, who have its form, not its power.) B. Knowing that it is based on the sacred writings, as you learned from trustworthy persons. ) Chapter 4: PREACH IT) I charge you. ) A. In season, out of season, for apostasy is coming. Remain faithful, in view of the fact that I am about to set sail.) B. Items of personal information, requests, greetings. ) ) ) CHAPTER I) Outline of Chapter 1) Theme: The Apostle Paul Tells Timothy What To Do in the Interest of Sound Doctrine) Hold On To It Do not be ashamed ) ) 1:1 7 (Hold on) as did Lois and Eunice. Verses 1 and 2 contain the address and salutation.) 1:8 14 As I do, never ashamed of the gospel.) 1:15 18 As did Onesiphorus, not ashamed of my chain.
Contrast all that are in Asia, who deserted me.) ) 1:1 7) 1 1 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God in harmony with the promise of life (which centers) in Christ Jesus, 2 to Timothy (my) beloved child; grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.) 3 I acknowledge gratitude to God, whom I, like my forefathers, serve with a pure conscience, just as I cherish that constant recollection of you in my supplication by night and by day; 4 longing to see you, as I revive in my memory your tears, in order that (seeing you again) I may be filled with joy 5 having received a reminder of your unfeigned faith, the kind (of faith) which first dwelt in your grandmother Lois and in your mother Eunice, and, I am convinced, also in you. 6 For this reason I remind you to stir into a living flame that gift of God which is within you through the laying on of my hands. 7 For God gave us not a Spirit of timidity but of power and love and self-discipline.) ) 1, 2. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God in harmony with the promise of life (which centers) in Christ Jesus, 2 to Timothy (my) beloved child; grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.) The opening phrases of the two letters addressed to Timothy resemble each other rather closely, as anyone can see for himself. In the columns below, the words that differ are printed in italics:) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 3 2 8 0 0 Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by order of God our Savior and Christ Jesus our Hope, to Timothy (my) genuine child in faith; grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God in harmony with the promise of life (which centers) in Christ Jesus, to Timothy my beloved child; grace, mercy, peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. ) ) ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Hence, for a more detailed discussion of the material that is common to the two passages I refer to the explanation of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Briefly, then, the meaning of ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 is as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Paul introduces himself as the official representative of Christ Jesus. He has a right to say of Jesus Christ, for by the latter he has been set apart for his high office. To him he belongs, and in his service he functions. Moreover, not self-appointed is Paul but invested with his authoritative commission through the will of God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.1|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ). Though he is but a prisoner, his word has divine sanction! Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.1|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , also written from prison.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Now this apostleship by the will of God was in harmony with the promise of life, that is, it was a result of that promise, in the sense that had there been no such promise there could have been no divinely willed apostle to proclaim the promise. This promise and assurance is the one already implied in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=1.3.15|AUTODETECT|” Gen. 3:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.11|AUTODETECT|” and definitely stated in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.16.11|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 16:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.7|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.138.7|AUTODETECT|” 138:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” , 9; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.35|AUTODETECT|” 6:35) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48-43.6.59|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.6.48-43.6.59|AUTODETECT|” 48 59) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.6|AUTODETECT|” 14:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” . It was the promise of life, that is, the promise which has everlasting life as its contents. It is very fitting that Paul, the prisoner who faces death, should rivet the attention on the promise of indestructible life! This is, indeed the life which is or centers (implied) in Christ Jesus, for apart from his atonement and intercession no one would ever be in possession of that life, that salvation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.3.16|AUTODETECT|” John 3:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.1|AUTODETECT|” Paul is addressing his letter to Timothy (my) beloved child. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.14|AUTODETECT|” 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.19-50.2.22|AUTODETECT|” . As, in a secondary sense, a child owes his natural life to his earthly father, so Timothy owed his spiritual life to Paul (see p. 34). Moreover, as a child serves (with) his father, so Timothy served (with) Paul in the gospel. See ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.2.19-50.2.22|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 2:19 22) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , which passage also indicates why the apostle calls Timothy his beloved or dear 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , genuine ) child. Moreover, the term of endearment is natural on the lips of one who, facing death, in his mind and heart reviews his entire past association with the precious young friend and helper whose life had been mingled with his own in so many ways.) 1 4 2 8 0 0 Upon this beloved child Paul pronounces grace (unmerited pardoning and transforming favor), mercy (warm and tender affection shown to the one who is in a difficult situation), and that blessing which flows forth from grace and mercy just as a stream issues from a fountain, namely, the blessing of peace (the consciousness of having been reconciled to God through the accomplished mediatorial work of Christ).) These gifts are regarded as having as their source God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. The Father bestows them. The Son has earned them.) 3 5. When Paul adds to the words of introduction an expression of sincere and humble thanksgiving to God, he is following a custom (see N.T.C. on I and II Thessalonians, p. 45) With respect to the letters written by Paul the statistics are as follows:) I (or we) thank God I acknowledge gratitude Blessed be & Absence of introductory thanksgiving or doxology ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:8) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 1:3) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 Galatians) 1 1 2 8 0 0 Titus ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 1:3) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Col. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.3|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 7 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) 1 7 2 8 0 0 ) ) But though, as has been shown, the apostle was used to adding words of thanksgiving or praise, with him this was never merely a custom. Rather, we should view the situation as follows: Sitting in his gloomy dungeon and facing death, Paul, far from complaining, as many people in similar circumstances would have done, meditates on blessings past and present, and sincerely desires to express his gratitude. This is the background of the words:) I acknowledge gratitude to God, whom I, like my forefathers, serve with a pure conscience, just as I cherish that constant recollection of you in my supplication by night and by day; longing to see you,) a. as I revived in my memory your tears,) b. in order that (on seeing you again) I may be filled with joy;) c. having received a reminder of your unfeigned faith, the kind (of faith) which first dwelt in your grandmother Lois and in your mother Eunice, and, I am convinced, also in you.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|” Paul states that he acknowledges gratitude to God. Though he will soon die the death of a criminal, he is not afraid to speak of serving��113�� God, for in proclaiming the gospel he has done what his conscience, purified by the Holy Spirit, had told him to do. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; and for pure conscience see on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.3.9|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|” .) In this respect he was like his forefathers or ancestors 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.4|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.14|AUTODETECT|” , but in that passage the word is used with reference to still living progenitors). They, too, served the same God, and they, too, did it with a pure conscience. The thought is the same as that which is expressed in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 24:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.24.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.24.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 :) 1 4 2 8 0 0 But this I confess to thee, that after the Way which they call a sect, so serve I the God of our fathers, believing all things which are according to the law and which are written in the prophets; having hope (which is directed) toward God & that there shall be a resurrection both of the just and the unjust. ) The forefathers of our present passage are, in all likelihood, the fathers of the passage in Acts. The service rendered is the same in both instances.) What Paul stresses, therefore, is that he has not introduced a new religion. Essentially what he now believes is what Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Isaiah, and all the pious ancestors also believed. There is continuity between the old and the new dispensation. The forefathers believed in the resurrection; so does Paul. They looked forward to the coming Messiah; Paul proclaims the same Messiah, who had actually made his appearance.
It is Rome that has changed its attitude. It is the government which, after the burning of its capital in the year 64, has begun to persecute Christians. Paul s conscience is pure. The prisoner enjoys peace of heart and mind!) Literally Paul writes, whom I from my forefathers serve. He means, whom I serve with a faith derived from my forefathers, that is, with a faith which had its roots in their religion, and is therefore similar to theirs. Hence, the translation, whom I, like my forefathers, serve, is justified.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.5|AUTODETECT|” By adding, just as I cherish that constant recollection of you in my prayers by night and by day, Paul is saying that whenever he thinks of Timothy he views him as a man who likewise serves the true God with a pure conscience. It is in his supplications by night and by day 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.5|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) that the apostle cherishes this ever-recurring recollection of Timothy. These supplications are accompanied by (and probably to a certain extent even caused by) ardent longing: longing to see you. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3|AUTODETECT|” For this deep yearning there are two expressed motivations: one comes from within, the other from without. The motivation from within is stated in the words, as I revive in my memory (or: recall to mind)��114�� your tears. It is entirely probable that when Paul and Timothy had parted for the last time, the latter had shed tears. Paul himself, no doubt, had done the same thing, but he does not now refer to his own tears but to those of Timothy. This parting was not the one referred to in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , but a much later one which in all probability took place after the apostle s return from Spain. See p. 40, not item 4 but item 8. By means of his tears the younger man had shown how wholehearted and genuine was his devotion to Paul, how warm and tender his affection, and how deep and poignant his sorrow at the thought of separation, especially under the circumstances then obtaining. Remember: it was a time of religious persecution; in fact, Paul was about to be captured. The memory of Timothy s loving tears motivated Paul s longing to see him again. The apostle was eager to have his friend come and visit him in his dungeon at Rome.) 1 3 2 8 0 0 The motivation from without is somewhat obscure. All Paul says is, having received a reminder of your unfeigned (literally: unhypocritical) faith. Just how this reminder from without had reached Paul we do not know. Some interpreters are of the opinion that in Rome something had just now happened which had reminded the apostle of Timothy s early faith. Others believe that Paul had received a letter from Timothy. Still others suggest that someone who knew all about the younger man s childhood days and subsequent conversion had visited the apostle in prison, and that this friend had recited from memory incidents long past in the life of absent Timothy.
Whatever may have been the precise nature of the reminder from without, one fact is certain: as a result of both motivations, the one from within and the other from without, Paul s soul is filled with longing to see Timothy.��115��) Paul is convinced that Timothy is no fair-weather believer, but that the faith of this beloved child is the kind (%���) which first dwelt in his grandmother Lois and in his mother Eunice.) The apostle does not say that Timothy s grandmother and mother had served God with a pure conscience, but that faith had first taken up its place of residence in their hearts; afterward in the heart of Timothy. What does he mean here by faith? Was it nothing more than Old Testament Israelitish faith, or was it faith in Jesus Christ, as the fulfilment of the Old Testament promises? I believe that the latter view has probability on its side:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.1|AUTODETECT|” (1) ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.1|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” clearly teaches that as soon as Timothy s mother is introduced, at the beginning of the second missionary journey, she is called a believing Jewish woman. That adjective is the one which, in a slightly modified sense , is used in the same chapter with respect to Lydia 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.15|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” ). That was after Lydia s baptism. Before that conversion to the Christian faith she was called, one who worshiped God 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.14|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.31|AUTODETECT|” (2) The same chapter also teaches that after the jailer had obeyed the missionaries exhortation, he is spoken of as a believer. 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.31|AUTODETECT|” Acts 16:31) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.34|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.16.34|AUTODETECT|” 34) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .)) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” (3) In Paul s terminology believers are those of the old dispensation who trusted in the Christ-centered promises for example, Abraham , and those of the new dispensation who accept Christ as the fulfilment of these promises 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.4.12|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 3:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.15|AUTODETECT|” ). As far as the new dispensation is concerned, believers are Christians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.6.15|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 6:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.45|AUTODETECT|” ). According to Luke, Jews converted to the Christian faith are believers from among those circumcised 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.45|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:45) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 2 2 8 0 0 It would seem, therefore, that, at a date not later than Paul s first missionary journey, grandmother Lois (living, perhaps, with her daughter?) and mother Eunice had been converted, so that they saw in Christ the fulfilment of the promises, and placed their, trust in him; and that these two women, in turn, had co-operated with Paul in that glorious work of grace which resulted in Timothy s conversion.) 6, 7. On the basis, then, of this faith which dwells in Timothy s heart, just as it had previously established its home within the hearts of Lois and Eunice, Paul is able to continue: For this reason I remind you to stir into a living flame that gift of God which is within you through the laying on of my hands.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” Paul knew that the fire of Timothy s charisma (the gift of God s grace which enabled the younger man to become the apostle s chosen representative) was burning low. Once before, in the earlier letter, the apostle had written, Do not grow careless about the gift that is within you, which was granted to you by prophetic utterance with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ; see on that passage). The repetition, in slightly altered form, of this exhortation is really not surprising. We should bear in mind the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” a. Timothy was handicapped by frequent physical ailments 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.5.23|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.10|AUTODETECT|” b. He was naturally timid 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.16.10|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 16:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” c. He was, in a sense, a young man 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.12|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.22|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:22) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” d. The Ephesian errorists who opposed him were very determined 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.3-54.1.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:3 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.19|AUTODETECT|” 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|” 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3-54.6.10|AUTODETECT|” 6:3 10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14-55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.14-55.2.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:14 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.23|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.23|AUTODETECT|” 23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|” e. Believers were being persecuted by the State. Think of Paul 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.4.6|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 4:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.19|AUTODETECT|” Of course, we do not know whether all or only some of these factors contributed to the expressed result, namely, that the flame of Timothy s ministerial office needed attention, nor do we know to what extent each contributed. The main idea, however, is clear. So Paul, having carefully selected the most gentle verb, reminds Timothy to stir (up) into a living flame the divine gift of ordination. The flame had not gone out, but it was burning slowly and had to be agitated to white heat. The times were serious. Paul was about to depart from the scene of history. Timothy must carry on where Paul was about to leave off. The gift of the Spirit must not be quenched 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.19|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Timothy loves Paul. Let Timothy remember, then, that at the time of his ordination Paul s hands, too, had rested upon him as a symbol of the impartation of the Spirit s gift!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” The ministry is, indeed, the gift of the Holy Spirit, and this is the Spirit of power 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.1.8|AUTODETECT|” Acts 1:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.5|AUTODETECT|” 6:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.6.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Accordingly, Paul continues, For God gave us not a Spirit of timidity but of power and love and self-discipline.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.17|AUTODETECT|” In this passage some (in agreement with A.V., A.R.V., R.S.V.) spell Spirit with a small letter , while others capitalize. The former sometimes argue that the descriptive genitive rules out any reference to the Holy Spirit.��116�� But the use of such a genitive does not in itself settle the question, for a similar modifier is also used in passages which undoubtedly refer to the Holy Spirit. Thus, Jesus, in speaking about the coming Helper or Comforter, calls him the Spirit of truth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.14.17|AUTODETECT|” John 14:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” 15:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.13|AUTODETECT|” 16:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.2|AUTODETECT|” ). There are other similar phrases in which many interpreters find a reference to the Holy Spirit 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=23.11.2|AUTODETECT|” Is. 11:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.12.10|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=38.12.10|AUTODETECT|” Zech. 12:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.2|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=58.10.29|AUTODETECT|” Heb. 10:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” ). Moreover, the idiom, not the Spirit of & but (the Spirit) of & is used by Paul in other passages which, in the light of their specific contexts, seem to refer to the Holy Spirit, though not every interpreter is ready to grant this 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.15|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.12|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.2.12|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 2:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). And besides, do not charisma (verse 6) and pneuma (verse 7), in the sense of Holy Spirit, go hand in hand?) 1 30 2 8 0 0 The gist of Paul s argument, then, would seem to be as follows:) My dear child, Timothy, fight that tendency of yours toward fearfulness. The Holy Spirit, given to you and me and every believer, is not the Spirit of timidity but of power and love and self-discipline. Avail yourself of that limitless, never-failing power , and you will proclaim God s truth; of that intelligent, purposeful love (���� see N.T.C. on John, Vol. II, pp. 494 501), and you will comfort God s children, even to the extent of visiting me in my Roman prison; and of that ever-necessary self-discipline or self-control (�����������, note the suffix; hence, sound-mindedness in action, a word used only here in the New Testament, see footnote 193), and you will wage God s battle against cowardice, taking yourself in hand. ) If a person fears Satan s persecuting power more than he trusts God s ability and ever-readiness to help, he has lost his mental balance. Surely, Timothy has not reached that point! Let him then hold on to the truth.
Let him cling to it by giving it away & as did Lois and Eunice!) ) 1:8 14) 8 Do not be ashamed, therefore, of the testimony concerning our Lord nor of me his prisoner, but in fellowship with (me) suffer hardship for the gospel, according to (the) power of God, 9 who saved us and called us with a holy calling, not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace, which was given to us in Christ Jesus before times everlasting, 10 but has now been manifested through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus, who, on the one hand, utterly defeated death,��117�� and, on the other hand, brought to light life and incorruptibility through the gospel, 11 for which I was appointed herald and apostle and teacher.) 12 For this reason I am also suffering these things, but I am not ashamed, for I know him in whom I have placed my trust, and I am convinced that he is able to guard with a view to that day that which I have entrusted to him.) 13 As a pattern of sound words hold on to those which you have heard from me, (and do this) in (the spirit of) faith and love (which center) in Christ Jesus. 14 That precious thing which was entrusted to you guard through the Holy Spirit who dwells within us.) ) Timothy should think of Lois and Eunice & and of Paul. The latter thought is stressed in this section (verses 8 14) in which the apostle refers to himself specifically no less than ten times: his willingness to suffer hardship for the gospel, his divine appointment, his trust in God, his stand on doctrine, and his method of proclaiming the message . Paul has supplied the outline, or rough sketch. Timothy should fill in the details. But in doing this he should be absolutely faithful to the pattern. He should hold on to that which he has received from Paul.
Similarly, a minister today should be up-to-date in his preaching. In his application he should figure with present-day conditions. But the truth which he applies should be the old-fashioned doctrine of Scripture, not some liberal substitute!) The rather lengthy section may be divided into three paragraphs (verses 8 11; verse 12; verses 13, 14). In the first paragraph the mention of the gospel, for which Paul suffers hardship and for which Timothy should be willing to suffer hardship along with him, leads the apostle to introduce his beautiful digression with reference to the work of redemption: its character, motivation, and results. Here we meet with an interesting style-characteristic, namely, duadiplosis, by which is meant that the clauses are joined to one another like overlapping shingles,��118�� somewhat as follows:) After saying that Timothy should suffer hardship for the gospel according) to the power of) GOD, Paul continues:) WHO saved us) and) called us with A HOLY CALLING) NOT (A CALLING) according to our works) but) according to HIS GRACE) WHICH was given to us in Christ Jesus before times everlasting) but) has now been manifested through the appearing) of OUR SAVIOR CHRIST JESUS) WHO on the one hand defeated death) and) on the other hand brought to light) life and incorruptibility through) THE GOSPEL) FOR WHICH I was appointed etc.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.6|AUTODETECT|” 8. Timothy has no legitimate excuse. The gift of God is within him (verse 7). So Paul continues: Do not be ashamed, therefore, of the testimony concerning our Lord nor of me his prisoner. The testimony concerning our Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.6|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ) is, of course, the gospel, as the very parallelism of the compound clause indicates. Do not be ashamed of the testimony concerning our Lord, is explained by, But, in fellowship with (me) suffer hardship for the gospel. And cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” . In the gospel we find the testimony concerning the works and words of the Lord 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.26|AUTODETECT|” John 15:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.15.27|AUTODETECT|” 27) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Not to be ashamed of the gospel means to be proud of it.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Since Paul is so intimately associated with the gospel, it does not surprise us to read, Do not be ashamed of the testimony concerning our Lord nor of me his prisoner. Not Nero s prisoner is Paul, though it may seem that way, but our Lord s. The apostle always emphasizes that thought in connection with the idea of being a prisoner 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.3.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 3:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.1|AUTODETECT|” 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 1, 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Now, the expression, his prisoner does not only mean that it was for the defence of our Lord s gospel that Paul had been imprisoned, but also that whatever pertained to his incarceration was entirely safe in the hands of the Sovereign Disposer of destinies.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” So, Paul continues: But in fellowship with (me) suffer hardship for the gospel, according to (the) power of God. Timothy must be willing to bear ill treatment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.2.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 2:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) along with Paul. He must be willing to take his share of persecution; and this not in his own power, which would be impossible, but according to (the) power of God. That power is infinite. It will enable a person to endure even unto death. It is the power of that God:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” 9. who saved us and called us with a holy calling. The result of the operation of the divine power within all believers (including Paul and Timothy) is characterized here according to a. its nature , and b. its purpose . What is meant by saving us has been explained in detail in connection with ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.15|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; see on that passage. Briefly, God has delivered us from the greatest of all evils and he has placed us in possession of the greatest of all blessings. But in saving us he made us the recipients of the effective gospel call (see N.T.C. on I and II Thess., p. 162, footnote 116), which is always a holy calling, for not only does it reveal God s holiness but it is also distinctly a call unto holiness of life, unto a holy task, and unto a condition of everlasting sinlessness and virtue 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.4.1|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.14|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.11|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Now as to its juridical basis and glorious motive, this calling (and, in general, this act of saving us) was not according to our works but according to his own purpose and grace. This is the thought which occurs over and over again in Paul s epistles, especially in Romans and Galatians 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.20-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.20-45.3.24|AUTODETECT|” 3:20 24) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.28|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.3.28|AUTODETECT|” 28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.5|AUTODETECT|” 10:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.9|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.9|AUTODETECT|” 9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.10.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.11.6|AUTODETECT|” 11:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.2.16|AUTODETECT|” Gal. 2:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.6|AUTODETECT|” 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9-48.3.14|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.3.9-48.3.14|AUTODETECT|” 9 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.14|AUTODETECT|” 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=48.6.15|AUTODETECT|” 15) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.2.9|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 2:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.3.5|AUTODETECT|” Titus 3:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” ). Salvation is not based on our accomplishments but on God s sovereign purpose 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.28|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.9.11|AUTODETECT|” 9:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), his wise (not arbitrary), fixed, and definite plan; and therefore on his grace or sovereign favor. And if it be by grace, it cannot be by works. This is clear from two considerations: a. grace, by virtue of its very nature, is something that is given to us, cannot be earned by us (though it is, indeed, merited for us); and b. grace precedes our works, for ideally we were already its objects before time began. Hence, Paul continues: which was given to us in Christ Jesus before times everlasting . Time, like an ever-rolling stream, flows on and on and on. But before it even began we were already included in the gracious purpose of God.��119��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” 10. This grace which was given to us, that is, designated for us 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.11|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) before times everlasting, has now been clearly revealed. Hence, Paul continues: but has now been manifested through the appearing of our Savior Christ Jesus.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.19|AUTODETECT|” That grace of God which was hidden from before the foundation of the world and was only dimly discerned in the old dispensation has now been revealed or manifested. The verb manifested is of frequent occurrence in the Gospel according to John (see N.T.C., Vol. II, p. 476, especially footnote 294). Paul also uses it several times 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.19|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.5|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.4.5|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 4:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.2.14|AUTODETECT|” II Cor. 2:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=47.11.6|AUTODETECT|” 11:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=51.4.4|AUTODETECT|” Col. 4:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.3|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” ). It was through the epiphany or appearing 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.14|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.1|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” , but here to indicate the First Coming), that is, through the rising of the Sun of righteousness with healing in its wings 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=39.4.2|AUTODETECT|” Mal. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.78|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.78|AUTODETECT|” Luke 1:78) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.79|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.1.79|AUTODETECT|” 79) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.11|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” ), that God s grace toward his people has become manifested. Note the Lord s title: our Savior Christ Jesus. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.13|AUTODETECT|” Titus 2:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” . When one thinks of grace, he naturally also thinks of our Savior, divinely anointed by God (hence, called Christ, Anointed One) for the specific task of saving his people from their sins 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.1.21|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 1:21) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). By means of that entire First Coming of his (from conception to coronation) the grace of God had been revealed. What Christ did for sinners, in need of grace, is beautifully summarized in the words: who, on the one hand, utterly defeated death, and, on the other hand, brought to light life and incorruptibility through the gospel.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” In connection with his first coming he utterly defeated, put out of commission, rendered ineffective 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.2.8|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 2:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.26|AUTODETECT|” ) death. As a result of Christ s Atonement, for the believer eternal death no longer exists. Spiritual death is vanquished more and more in this life and completely at the moment when the soul departs from its physical enclosure. And physical death has been robbed of its curse and has been turned into gain 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.11.26|AUTODETECT|” John 11:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.7-50.3.14|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=50.3.7-50.3.14|AUTODETECT|” Phil. 3:7 14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.26|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.26|AUTODETECT|” I Cor. 15:26) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.42-46.15.44|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.42-46.15.44|AUTODETECT|” 42 44) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.54-46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=46.15.54-46.15.57|AUTODETECT|” 54 57) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ). That he did on the one hand; and on the other hand he brought to light 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.1.9|AUTODETECT|” John 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) life and incorruptibility. He brought it to light by exhibiting it in his own glorious resurrection; most of all, he brought it to light by means of his promise; hence, through the gospel. The two concepts life and incorruptibility probably constitute a hendiadys; hence, incorruptible (or imperishable) life.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.17|AUTODETECT|” This is the immortality 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.17|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) which in the gospel is promised to believers. It transcends by far mere endless existence or even endless conscious existence. The gospel of our Savior Christ Jesus is far better than anything Plato ever excogitated!) 1 1 2 8 0 0 It is clear, of course, that though even here and now the believer receives this great blessing in principle, and in heaven in further development, he does not fully receive it until the day of Christ s re-appearance. Until that day arrives, the bodies of all believers will still be subject to the laws of decay and death. Incorruptible life, imperishable salvation, in the full sense, belongs to the new heaven and earth. It is an inheritance stored away for us.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.7|AUTODETECT|” 11. Reflecting on the good news which proclaims this wonderful blessing and which invites men to receive it by faith, Paul continues: for which I was appointed herald and apostle and teacher. This is the same thought as expressed in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.2.7|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 2:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” ; see on that passage 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.2|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). As a herald Paul must announce and loudly proclaim that gospel. As an apostle he must say and do nothing except that which he has been commanded to say and to do. And as a teacher he must impart carefully instruction in the things pertaining to salvation and the glory of God, and he must admonish unto faith and obedience. For this threefold gospel-task Paul has been divinely appointed or commissioned.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 12. Thus the trend of thought has returned to that of verse 8: Paul s faithfulness to the gospel, as an example for Timothy. Accordingly, the second paragraph of the present section is very personal in character. Says the apostle: For this reason I am also suffering these things.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.16|AUTODETECT|” Because of the fulfilment of my assignment as an apostle of Jesus Christ I suffer here in this terrible Roman prison a dismal underground dungeon with a hole in the ceiling for light and air , with the prospect of execution as a criminal! But I am not ashamed. Though. Paul has been subjected to ignominy, he has not disgraced himself. Along with others, such as Joseph, Jeremiah, Daniel, John the Baptist, and Peter, he has joined the ranks of prisoners for the best cause. After all, the place of dishonor may be the place of highest honor. Was not Jesus crucified between two malefactors? and cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.16|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 !) 1 4 2 8 0 0 The reason why Paul is not ashamed is stated in these memorable words: For I know him in whom I have placed my trust, and am convinced that he is able to guard with a view to that day that which I have entrusted to him.) Paul has once for all placed his trust in the sovereign God (see verses 8, 9 above). One might also translate with the A.V., for I know whom I have believed, i.e., I know God who revealed himself in his precious Son, our Savior Christ Jesus (verse 10). The apostle has become abidingly convinced of God s infinite power, tender love, and absolute faithfulness.) Literally translated, the apostle says, & and I am convinced that he is able to guard my deposit (�t� ��������� ���) with a view to (or unto: �0�) that day. This leads to the question on which commentators are hopelessly divided: Just what is meant by my deposit? Is it that deposit which he has entrusted to me, or is it that deposit which I have entrusted to him ?��120�� Or, putting it differently, Is it the gospel or is it myself and my complete salvation?) As I see it, the latter view deserves the preference, for the following reasons:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” (1) Clearly, not Paul but God (in Christ) guards this deposit . Hence, the view that it is the deposit which Paul has entrusted to God has probability on its side. In verse 14 (see on that verse) and also in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 it is not God but Timothy who must do the guarding. Hence, in that case it is the deposit which God has entrusted to (Paul and to) Timothy.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 Now if verse 12 has to do with the deposit which Paul has entrusted to God, then the view that the reference is to my soul or my spirit or myself and my complete salvation has logic on its side. Here some commentators favor my soul; others, my salvation. But the difference is not very important: myself and my complete salvation includes both.) (2) The immediate context favors this interpretation. Paul has just written, I know whom I have believed, meaning, in the light of the clause which follows: I know that this God in whom I have placed my confidence is dependable, and will certainly keep in perfect safety that which I have entrusted to him for safe-keeping and protection. ) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” (3) The words of verse 10 also support this view. The apostle has just referred to life and incorruptibility. But, as was noted in the explanation of verse 10, the believer does not fully receive this blessing until the day of Christ s glorious Return. Hence, the idea of verse 12 is that this truly immortal life possessed even now in principle, and deposited with God for safe-keeping, will be returned to Paul more gloriously than ever on that day, the day of the great consummation 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.4|AUTODETECT|” (4) The idea of a treasure that is guarded by God is also found elsewhere; sometimes in a slightly different sense 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.1.4|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 1:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” (5) Cf. the words of our Lord as he died on the cross 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.5|AUTODETECT|” ; cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=19.31.5|AUTODETECT|” Ps. 31:5) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.19|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=60.4.19|AUTODETECT|” I Peter 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). Christ s spirit, having been committed to the Father, is on the third day re-united with the body, now gloriously resurrected.) 1 2 2 8 0 0 The arguments of those who defend the opposite view are answered in footnote.��121��) 13. Paul has been speaking about himself and his faithful Lord who is going to reward him in the Day of days. Let Timothy, then, copy Paul. Let him fill out the details of the sketch which Paul has outlined. So, in the third brief paragraph (verses 13, 14) of this section (verses 8 14) the author turns once more to the matter of Timothy s duty. Says Paul: As a pattern of sound words hold on to those which you have heard from me, (and do this) in (the spirit of) faith and love (which center) in Christ Jesus.��122��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.16|AUTODETECT|” As an artist has his sketch 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.16|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ), so Timothy also had his model to go by. This sketch, model, or pattern consisted of the words which he had heard from Paul. Let him hold on to these, ever using them as his example, never departing from them. This is important, for Paul s teaching consisted of sound words. Note the emphasis on Paul s teaching (over against that of the Ephesian errorists): literally, which from me you have heard. And it is exactly the necessity of remaining sound and of transmitting sound doctrine that is stressed throughout the epistle and, to a certain extent, in all the Pastorals 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.1.10|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.3|AUTODETECT|” 6:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.3|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.13|AUTODETECT|” 13) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.1|AUTODETECT|” 2:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.2|AUTODETECT|” 2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.8|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.2.8|AUTODETECT|” 8) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). The slogan, so popular today, It does not matter what you believe, just so you are serious in whatever you believe, is flatly contradicted in the Pastorals! Nevertheless, the spirit in which one clings to the truth and passes it along to others does matter. Hence, the apostle adds, (Do this) in faith and love (which center) in Christ Jesus. Faith in God and his redemptive revelation, love toward him and the brotherhood is the spirit in which Timothy must hold on to the true doctrine. That these center in Christ Jesus is self-evident. Apart from his merits, his Spirit, and his example, there can be no faith and love.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 14. Parallel with the thought just expressed is that contained in verse 14: That precious (or: excellent) thing which was entrusted to you guard through the Holy Spirit who dwells within us.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” The precious deposit is, of course, the gospel, taken in its widest sense 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ). It consists of the sound words which Timothy has heard from Paul (see the preceding verse). It is precious or excellent because it belongs to God and results in his glory through the salvation of those who accept it by sovereign grace (see verses 8 10 above). Again 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) Timothy is urged once for all to guard this deposit. He must defend it against every attack and never allow it to be changed or modified in the slightest degree.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” But since the enemy is strong and Timothy is weak, Paul very wisely adds the thought that this guarding cannot be done except through the Holy Spirit who dwells within us, that is, within Paul, Timothy, all believers 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.11|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:11) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 7 2 8 0 0 Timothy, then, should hold on to the pure gospel, the sound doctrine, as Paul has always done.) ) 1:15 18) 15 You are aware of this, that all those in Asia turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes. 16 May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me and was not ashamed of my chain. 17 On the contrary, when he was in Rome he diligently searched for me and found me. 18 May the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord in that day! And what services he rendered in Ephesus you know better (than I).) ) 15. Timothy should imitate Lois and Eunice. He should also copy the example of Paul. There is one more pattern he should follow, namely, that of Onesiphorus. In every respect this wonderful man was true to the meaning of his name.
He was, indeed, a profit-bringer, a messenger of courage and cheer. The beauty of his character and the nobility of his actions stand out clearly upon the dark background of the sorry behavior of all those in Asia. ) In view of the fact that Timothy was right now living in the Roman province of Asia, Paul was able to say: You are aware of this, that all those in Asia turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes. It is probable that several leading Christians in the province of which Ephesus was the capital had been asked by Paul to come to Rome in order to appear on the witness-stand in his favor. However, with the possible exception of the one to be mentioned in verses 16 18, no one had complied with the request. In all likelihood fear had held them back. That was true also with respect to two among their number, namely, Phygelus and Hermogenes, known to Timothy but not to us, there being no further reference to them in Scripture.
Are these two singled out for special mention because their failure to function as friends in need who are friends indeed was especially surprising?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.7|AUTODETECT|” 16. It would seem, however, that there was one significant exception. It must be admitted, however, that it is not even certain that he was one of those to whom Paul had appealed. Certain is the fact that he came, whether by request or entirely of his own accord. With warmth and enthusiasm Paul exclaims: May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me and was not ashamed of my chain. Onesiphorus had shown mercy to Paul in his dungeon at Rome. Accordingly, may the Lord (Jesus Christ) grant mercy in return! This is in accordance with the rule laid down in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=40.5.7|AUTODETECT|” Matt. 5:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|” . But why to the household of Onesiphorus 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.19|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:19) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ), instead of simply to Onesiphorus ? Here one can only guess. Some of the possibilities are as follows:) 1 4 2 8 0 0 (1) Onesiphorus, having appeared in defence of a prisoner accused of a capital crime and having shown great interest in his case, was himself arrested and imprisoned. Hence, Paul s, heart, filled with sympathy for the hero s family, utters the wish that the Lord may show mercy to these dear ones.) (2) Paul knows that the departure of Onesiphorus from Ephesus to Rome had caused worry to those whom he had left behind, but that they had nevertheless readily consented. Hence, not only Onesiphorus but also his household deserved to be specially mentioned by Paul. Besides, in circumstances that were trying for all the members of the family, the Lord s mercy was needed by all.) (3) Onesiphorus was no longer alive (having been executed?). Hence, Paul expresses the wish that the Lord might grant mercy to his household! (But if this be true, it would seem somewhat strange that not a word is mentioned concerning the death of this hero. However, even for that fact if it was a fact a reason can be suggested.)) The very enumeration of some of the possibilities indicates that we are here in the realm of conjecture. We just do not know.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.19|AUTODETECT|” Paul states that Onesiphorus had refreshed him, had, as it were, caused him to breathe more easily. And Onesiphorus had done this not only once but frequently. Just how the visitor had carried out this bracing and cheering ministry is not stated. Perhaps by his very presence, a presence which implied self-sacrifice and love; furthermore, by bringing news to Paul concerning individuals and churches; by encouraging him on the basis of God s promises; by bringing him food, drink, literature. One is reminded of the services which, with great danger to himself, Jonathan rendered to David 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.19|AUTODETECT|” I Sam. 18, 19) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.20|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=9.18.20|AUTODETECT|” 20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.13|AUTODETECT|” ). Even Paul, a man of dauntless courage and amazing faith, could use encouragement at times. That was true also with respect to David, Elijah, Jeremiah, and John the Baptist. It is comforting to know that though the treatment which the apostle received was far less considerate than that which was accorded him during his first imprisonment, the privilege of receiving visitors and refreshments had not been completely taken away. Cf. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.13|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:13) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.3|AUTODETECT|” The fact that Onesiphorus had not been ashamed of Paul s chain filled him with gratitude. In all probability this chain must be taken literally; at least the literal meaning must be included 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.3|AUTODETECT|” Mark 5:3) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.4|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=41.5.4|AUTODETECT|” 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.29|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.8.29|AUTODETECT|” Luke 8:29) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.6|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.6|AUTODETECT|” Acts 12:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.7|AUTODETECT|” , ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.12.7|AUTODETECT|” 7) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.33|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.21.33|AUTODETECT|” 21:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.28.20|AUTODETECT|” 28:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.20|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.6.20|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=66.20.1|AUTODETECT|” Rev. 20:1) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” ). Note in this chapter the meaningful recurrence of the expression not ashamed. Timothy must not be ashamed (verse 8). Paul is not ashamed (verse 12). Onesiphorus was not ashamed (verse 16). Readiness to suffer, if need be, for the cause of Christ is the mark of the Christian 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.3.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 3:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.16.33|AUTODETECT|” John 16:33) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.17|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.8.17|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 8:17) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ).) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” 17. Far from being ashamed, Onesiphorus had conducted himself in the very opposite manner. Hence, Paul says: On the contrary, when he was in Rome he diligently searched for me and found me! As soon as Onesiphorus had arrived in Rome he started the search for Paul. But why did he have to search for him? Several answers are given, and in some or all of them there is no doubt an element of truth.
For example, a. Onesiphorus had never been in Rome; hence, did not know his way around. b. Part of the city had been destroyed by the great fire. This caused confusion. c. For a while the place of Paul s imprisonment was not known even to believers in Rome. d. Believers in Rome had been greatly reduced in numbers due to persecution and flight, and not even all who were left were eager to disclose to a stranger their spiritual affinity with the prisoner of the Lord.
And so one could continue. However that may be, it required diligent searching to find Paul. The words, and he found me sound like an exclamation. Having located the prison, it may not have been easy for Onesiphorus to gain immediate access to Paul. The present imprisonment was grim 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.9|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). All the more credit to Onesiphorus! Hence, Paul continues:) 1 1 2 8 0 0 18. May the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord in that day!) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” The apostle utters a devout wish that on the great day of judgment 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.4.8|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 4:8) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” ; then ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=53.1.10|AUTODETECT|” II Thess. 1:10) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ) the Lord (Jesus Christ) may grant that the man who had gone to a great deal of trouble to find Paul may, in turn, find mercy (note wordplay), and this from the Lord, which probably means, from God the Father. ��123��) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.5.23|AUTODETECT|” Does the fact that Paul expresses the wish that Onesiphorus may find mercy in that day (contrast what is said about the household of Onesiphorus, verse 16) mean that this true and loyal friend had already departed from this earth, so that he could no longer receive mercy in this life? It is possible, but in view of the fact that the apostle does at times express the wish that eschatological blessings be granted to those who, while the apostle is writing, are still living on earth 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=52.5.23|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 5:23) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 b), the conclusion that Onesiphorus had actually died is not necessary. Here again we must confess our ignorance.) 1 8 2 8 0 0 In reviewing the services which Onesiphorus had rendered, Paul begins with the most recent ones ( he often refreshed me, verse 16), then moves back the clock of his memory ( when he was in Rome he diligently searched for me and found me! verse 17), and now (verse 18b) moves it back still farther: And what services he rendered in Ephesus you know better (than I).��124�� Even before he went on his mission to Rome, Onesiphorus, still in Ephesus, had rendered many valued services to the cause of the gospel. This labor of love had been performed under the very eyes of Timothy. Hence, Paul says, You know better than I. ) Timothy, then, should show similar stedfastness, loyalty, and courage!) Synthesis of Chapter 1) See the Outline at the beginning of the chapter.) After another grace, mercy, and peace salutation, Paul acknowledges gratitude to the God of the forefathers who is also Paul s and Timothy s God. He tells his beloved child that his heart yearns to be filled with the joy of seeing him again; and that this yearning has been strengthened by the memory of the latter s tears shed when the two last separated, and by a recent reminder of his unfeigned faith in Christ.) As to that faith, Paul recognizes it, for he has seen it first in Timothy s grandmother Lois and mother Eunice. Let Timothy then cling to it as they had done. Yes, let him stir into a living flame the divine gift which he had received.
Does Timothy love Paul? Of course, he does. Let him then bear in mind that at the time of his ordination Paul s hands, too, had rested upon him, as a symbol of the impartation of the gift of the Spirit; and that the latter is the Spirit not of timidity but of power and love and self-discipline.) Let Timothy then hold on to his faith as Paul had done and is still doing. Let him never be ashamed of the gospel, nor of the Lord s prisoner (note: not Nero s prisoner !), as the writer calls himself.) For the sake of the gospel Timothy must be willing to bear ill treatment along with Paul. God s infinite power will sustain him, for it was this very God who had included both Paul and Timothy (along with all the chosen ones) in his gracious purpose from eternity. Their salvation, the precious treasure which through the effective gospel-call has become their possession, can never be taken away from them.
Reason: it rests not on human works but on divine grace. And this grace was given to us in Christ Jesus before times everlasting, but has now been displayed through the appearing (First Coming) of our Savior Christ Jesus. And for his own comfort and strengthening, Timothy should bear in mind that it was this very Christ who on the one hand utterly defeated death, and, on the other hand, brought to light life and incorruptibility through the gospel. Let Timothy then look forward with joy to the prospect of one day entering upon the possession of this incorruptible life for both soul and body. Paul himself rejoices in the fact that with respect to the good news he has been appointed herald and apostle and teacher. To be sure, loyalty to such a commission results in suffering.
Reflecting on this, Paul exclaims, But I am not ashamed, for I know whom I have believed & Prof. E. K. Simpson writes (op. cit., p. 127) that when Dr. James Alexander of Princeton lay on his death-bed, his wife quoted these words inexactly I know in whom I have believed ; and that the dying man then gently corrected her version, because he was unwilling to let even a preposition creep between his soul and his Savior.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” Paul continues, and am convinced that he is able to guard with a view to that day that which I have entrusted to him. The apostle has deposited his soul and his complete salvation with God for safe-keeping. In that respect, too, he was following the example of Jesus who committed his spirit into the Father s hands 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=42.23.46|AUTODETECT|” Luke 23:46) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ). On the third day the deposit was returned to Jesus, as it were with interest : a glorious spirit housed in a now glorious body. So, too, on that great day, namely, the day of the final judgment, Paul s soul, having been kept in safety in the Father s mansions above, would be clothed with a body like unto Christ s glorious body. Immortal life, in its full meaning (that is, for both body and soul) would take over from then on.) 1 10 2 8 0 0 Encouraged by the certainty of a future so glorious, let Timothy then hold on to the pattern of sound words which Paul has given him; and let him do it in the spirit of faith and love centering in Christ Jesus. Yes, let him once for all guard the precious deposit of the gospel-ministry which God has left with him. The indwelling Holy Spirit will qualify him.) Another excellent example for Timothy to copy is Onesiphorus. When the apostle thinks of him, he exclaims, May the Lord grant mercy to his house, and a little later, May the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord in that day. When all those in Asia turned away from Paul, no one not even Phygelus and Hermogenes being willing to come to Rome in order to appear on the witness-stand in his favor, Onesiphorus had come, perhaps even before being asked. In various ways he had often refreshed Paul, not being ashamed of the apostle s chain.
On arriving in Rome, Onesiphorus had searched for the prisoner and after considerable difficulty had found him. And even before starting out for Rome from Ephesus, this wonderful profit-bringer had rendered many valuable services to the gospel, as Timothy, in Ephesus, knew even better than Paul.) ) ) ) ) N.T.C. W. Hendriksen, New Testament Commentary) 113 The original uses the verb ������� here, not ����������. The latter always has an official connotation; the former embraces a wider area, and may denote either official or unofficial service or worship. See R.
C. Trench, op. cit., XXXV.) 114 ) The present passage, verses 3 5, contains three different expressions that have to do with the memory. Adding verse 6, there are four. They should, however, be carefully distinguished, which is not always done (see the various versions and commentaries). Note the following:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.6|AUTODETECT|” a. I have or cherish the (constant) recollection (of you) or I hold (you) in (constant) memory. Thus we would render �� �t� ���v ��� ������. This corresponds to the Latin: (continuam tui) memoriam teno. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.3.6|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 3:6) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , same idiom. This should not be confused with, I make mention (of you). That is the proper translation of ������ Q��� ��������; Latin: mentionem facio. See N.T.C. on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=52.1.2|AUTODETECT|” I Thess. 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.9|AUTODETECT|” ; also see ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.1.9|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 1:9) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.16|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=49.1.16|AUTODETECT|” Eph. 1:16) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=57.1.4|AUTODETECT|” Philem. 4) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 10 2 8 0 0 b. reviving in my memory, or recalling to mind. The original has ����������, nom. sing. masc. part. perf. reflexive, from ��������. In the New Testament this verb never occurs in the active voice, always middle or passive. Hence, �����������; and perfect with present significance: �������; whence the participle used here. It may be freely translated, as I revive in my memory, or, as I recall to mind. Cf. the same middle or reflexive idea in the Dutch: als ik mij (uw tranen) herinner.
Similarly, the German has the idiom: & wenn ich mich recht erinnere (if my memory serves me right).) c. having received a reminder. Thus should be rendered Q�������� ���|� (��� � ��v ���������� �������).) d. I remind you. The original has ����������.) 115 See the passage (verses 3 5) as printed on p. 225. As I construe it, a. and c. modify longing to see you, but b. modifies only the last part of that expression, namely, to see you. Seeing Timothy again, will fill the cup of Paul s joy.
For a different view as to the grammatical construction of b. see C. Bouma, op. cit., p. 243.) A.V. Authorized Version (King James)) A.R.V. American Standard Revised Version) R.S.V. Revised Standard Version) 116 Cf. Lenski, op. cit., p. 755.) 117 Literally, the death, that well-known death, in its most comprehensive sense, which is the result of sin.) 118 Another striking but slightly different type of example is found in the Epistle of James, especially 1:3 6.
See my Bible Survey, Grand Rapids, Mich., third edition 1953, pp. 329 and 332. The difference is that James carries on the thought by means of the repetition of a word; Paul mostly by means of modifying participles, which can be rendered into English by relative clauses.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.25|AUTODETECT|” 119 Hence, I cannot agree here with C. Bouma, who, in commenting on this verse (op. cit., p. 255), expresses the view that the expression ��x ������ �0����� means immediately after the fall in Paradise. ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=45.16.25|AUTODETECT|” Rom. 16:25) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” and ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” , properly interpreted, do not militate against my interpretation. See on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=56.1.2|AUTODETECT|” Titus 1:2) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 .) 1 3 2 8 0 0 120 In favor of the former translation are, among others, the following: A.R.V. margin, R.S.V. text, Dutch (new version); Chrysostom, Gealy (in Interpreter s Bible), Koole, Lenski, Phillips, Scott, Van Dyk, Wuest. In favor of the latter are, among others, A.V., A.R.V. text, R.S.V. margin, Goodspeed, Verkuyl (Berkeley Version), Weymouth, Williams, Dutch (old version); and further: Barnes, Bouma, Calvin, Lock, Robertson, Simpson, Van Andel, Van Oosterzee (in Lange s Commentary), White (in Expositor s Greek Testament).) 121 ) These arguments are as follows:) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” (1). If deposit means the gospel in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=54.6.20|AUTODETECT|” I Tim. 6:20) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” and in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.14|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:14) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” , why not here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 ?) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” Answer: Because the setting of the word is entirely different. In the other passages Timothy is the guard; here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.12|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:12) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 God is the guard. Besides, a word does not always have the same reference. For example, the apostle has just used the word appearing (verse 10) with reference to Christ s First Coming, whereas everywhere else he uses it with reference to the Second Coming!) 1 4 2 8 0 0 (2). The addition of my to the word deposit does not suffice to change the reference.) Answer: We agree. My deposit might conceivably mean either: a. that which I have deposited, or b. that which has been deposited with me. But that is neither here nor there. The argument either way should not be based on the word my. ) (3). The reference to myself and my complete salvation does not fit the words which follow, namely, with a view to that day. ) Answer: It fits beautifully, as we have shown in the text.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.9.7|AUTODETECT|” 122 The construction of the sentence is as follows: Subject: you (understood). Predicate: hold on to or ever have. Modifying phrase: in (the spirit of) faith and love. Hence, ever have & in faith and love. Modifier of in faith and love : (which center) in Christ Jesus. Direct object of the main verb: those (words) which you have heard from me.
Predicate object in apposition with this direct object: as a pattern of sound words. Literal translation: As a pattern of sound words ever have those which from me you have heard, in faith and love. Here �g� may be construed as having been attracted to the case of its antecedent (so Lenski and many others), but this is not necessarily true. There is no hard and fast rule about the case of the object of ����, as Robertson has shown. See his Word Pictures, Vol. III on ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.9.7|AUTODETECT|” Acts 9:7) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 , p. 118.) 1 1 2 8 0 0 123 I cannot follow Lenski s reasoning here (op. cit., p. 775). If Paul had meant to say, May the Lord grant unto him (Onesiphorus) to find mercy from the Lord in that day, with Lord referring to Jesus Christ in both cases, he could very well have substituted from him for from the Lord. This substitution of a pronoun (this time in a different case than a moment before) would not have been ambiguous. Onesiphorus certainly could not find mercy from himself. The true antecedent, namely, Lord (Jesus Christ) would have been obvious.) 1 1 2 8 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.27|AUTODETECT|” 124 For better the original has �������. Cf. ������ in the sense of faster 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.13.27|AUTODETECT|” John 13:27) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.4|AUTODETECT|” ; ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=43.20.4|AUTODETECT|” 20:4) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.18|AUTODETECT|” ). Nevertheless, the elative use of ������� here in ) 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=55.1.18|AUTODETECT|” II Tim. 1:18) 1 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.?id=44.10.28|AUTODETECT|” 7 1 -1 9 0 “tw://bible.*?id=44.10.28|AUTODETECT|” Acts 10:28) 1 1 -1 9 0 0 in D) cannot be entirely ruled out. Timothy knows very well what services Onesiphorus had rendered in Ephesus. See also, M.M., 1. 108.)