Acts 23:11–30 — Plot Against Paul Foiled – (outline by F. F. Bruce, NICNT) « Leader information shown in this fashion »
{A.} The Birth of the Church (1:1–5:42)
{B.} Persecution and Expansion (6:1–9:31)
{C.} The Acts of Peter & Beginnings of Gentile Christianity (9:32-12:25)
{D.} Church Extension from Antioch & Apostolic Decree at Jerusalem (12:25–15:35)
{E.} Paul Leaves Antioch & Moves to the Aegean World (15:36–19:20)
{F.} Paul Plans to Visit Rome and Gets there by an Unforseen Route (19:21–28:31)
{1} He Prepares to Leave Ephesus for Macedonia and Achaia (19:21–20:6)
{2} The Journey to Jerusalem (20:7–21:16)
{3} Paul at Jerusalem (21:17–23:30)
A. Meeting with James and the Elders (21:17–26)
B. Riot in the Temple (21:27–30)
C. Paul Rescued by the Romans (21:31-36)
D. Paul Obtains Leave to Address the Crowd (21:37-40)
E. Paul’s Defence to the People of Jerusalem (22:1-21)
F. Paul Reveals His Roman Citizenship (22:22-29)
G. Paul Brought before the Sanhedrin (22:30)
H. Paul Before the Sanhedrin (23:1-10)
1. Interchange with the high priest (23:1–5)
2. The Resurrection hope (23:6–10)
I. The Lord Appears to Paul by Night (23:11; NKJV): 11 But the following night the Lord stood by him and said, ‘Be of good cheer, Paul; for as you have testified for Me in Jerusalem, so you must also bear witness at Rome.’
1. What needs of Paul does the Lord supply and how …
a. … in His coming? « – reassurance of the resurrection fact; that Paul has not been deceived or mistaken in his mind; comfort: the Jerusalem church could do little, but Christ the Lord was sovereign (Philippians 4:13, not yet written) »
b. … in His first words? « – encouragement; this is a formula that introduces good news (eg. Matthew 9:2, John 16:33) and corresponds to O.T. ‘Be of good courage’ (Joshua 1:6) »
c. … in His next words? « – commendation; allaying the fear, ‘did I say the right thing?’ Jesus is accepting of his testimony »
d. … in His final words? « – commission and clarification; Paul is to go to Rome, so his trip to Jerusalem validated »
2. What can we learn here about difficulties? « – they do not mark unfaithfulness, they are known to Christ, they can lead to future opportunities »
J. Plot Against Paul’s Life (23:12–15; NKJV): 12 And when it was day, some of the Jews banded together and bound themselves under an oath, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul. 13 Now there were more than forty who had formed this conspiracy. 14 They came to the chief priests and elders, and said, ‘We have bound ourselves under a great oath that we will eat nothing until we have killed Paul. 15 Now you, therefore, together with the council, suggest to the commander that he be brought down to you tomorrow, as though you were going to make further inquiries concerning him; but we are ready to kill him before he comes near.’
1. What was the law of vows (Numbers 30:1–2, Deuteronomy 23:21, Exodus 20:7) « – that it must be kept, for if not then one was guilty of sin, even of taking God’s name in vain »
2. What should be exercised respecting vows (Ecclesiastes 5:2–4): « wisdom; do not vow what you may not be able to keep (see also Proverbs 6:1–5) »
3. How does this fulfil Jesus’ prophecy in John 16:2? « – that they could make a sacred (”great”) vow to God to murder someone »
4. Why did the council accept the sicarii’s monstrous plan (John 11:49-50, 53; Matthew 28:11-15; 23:13, 23, 29-35) « – in killing Jesus they committed themselves to persecution, proving the fact of their hypocritical character as revealed by Jesus »
K. The Plot Revealed (23:16-22; NKJV): 16 So when Paul’s sister’s son heard of their ambush, he went and entered the barracks and told Paul. 17 Then Paul called one of the centurions to him and said, ‘Take this young man to the commander, for he has something to tell him.’ 18 So he took him and brought him to the commander and said, ‘Paul the prisoner called me to him and asked me to bring this young man to you. He has something to say to you.’ 19 Then the commander took him by the hand, went aside and asked privately, ‘What is it that you have to tell me?’ 20 And he said, “The Jews have agreed to ask that you bring Paul down to the council tomorrow, as though they were going to inquire more fully about him. 21 But do not yield to them, for more than forty of them lie in wait for him, men who have bound themselves by an oath that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him; and now they are ready, waiting for the promise from you.’ 22 So the commander let the young man depart, and commanded him, ‘Tell no one that you have revealed these things to me.’
1. Who was this nephew? How did he hear? Luke does not tell us. Perhaps he was being trained in Jerusalem as Paul had been; privy to the circles of the Jewish upper class. Philippians 3:8 very strongly suggests that Paul was disinherited for embracing Christianity. What evidences are there that Paul’s family was wealthy? « – they were at least second generation citizens, which could cost a great deal (500d property); they could afford to send Paul for many years to Jerusalem U. »
2. What marks Paul’s status in the barracks? « – his custody was favourable; his request to the centurion carried out quickly; the commander accommodating it without question and then accepting the young man’s witness. The last gives testimony both to Paul and to the apparent situation of his nephew. »
3. What is remarkable in the speech of the young man? « – not only is he succinct, specific and detailed in his remarks, but he does not hesitate in the least in tell the tribune what not to do! »
4. How do we know that the commander (or tribune) took the message seriously? « – his cautioning secrecy by the nephew. »
L. The Tribune Prepares to Send Paul to Caesarea (23:23–24; NKJV): 23 And he called for two centurions, saying, ‘Prepare two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen, and two hundred spearmen to go to Caesarea at the third hour of the night; 24 and provide mounts to set Paul on, and bring him safely to Felix the governor.’
1. What does the commander reveal of his opinion of
a. The Jews « – that such murderous intentions were quite in keeping with their character as a people; they were fierce »
b. Paul « – that, he was indeed a citizen and was worthy of such extensive and adequate protection; no ½ measures »
2. The garrison or barracks would have at least 1,000 soldiers, and a centurion would command at least 100 soldiers; here it seems these two centurions may have had a larger command.
3. Felix’ court was civil and religion irrelevant if not conflicting with state laws; he was ruthless in dealing with Jewish troubles. Tacitus: ‘He exercised the power of a king with the mind of a slave.’
M. Letter from the Tribune to Felix (23:25–30; NKJV): 25 He wrote a letter in the following manner: 26 ‘Claudius Lysias, to the most excellent governor Felix: Greetings. 27 This man was seized by the Jews and was about to be killed by them. Coming with the troops I rescued him, having learned that he was a Roman. 28 And when I wanted to know the reason they accused him, I brought him before their council. 29 I found out that he was accused concerning questions of their law, but had nothing charged against him deserving of death or chains. 30 And when it was told me that the Jews lay in wait for the man, I sent him immediately to you, and also commanded his accusers to state before you the charges against him. Farewell.’
1. How does Claudius Lysias paint his own part in the affair? « – rather favourably, with obviously no mention of his orders to chain, and later to scourge, Paul; he makes it sound as though it was because Paul was a Roman that he rescued him, and emphasizes his own positive actions in protecting Paul »
2. Would you or I have done likewise? « – maybe; such words were more likely to give Paul a positive reception by Felix; even as Christians we tend to put ourselves in the best light if we can »
3. What did Claudius Lysias find out from the meeting with the Jewish council? « – this was not a matter of Roman law, but of the Jewish (religious) law and custom. »
4. Someone profaning the temple could be executed as we noted a few weeks ago; what do Claudius Lysias’ words in verse 29 tell us about the original charges against Paul? « – that he brought Greeks into the temple could not be substantiated »
5. Why, then send him to Felix? « – for Paul’s own protection, for he was a Roman citizen. »
6. What does this letter tell us about Luke? « – while he probably never saw this letter and report it verbatim, he was able, in setting our this orderly history, to determine and set forth both its terms and its character. »