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1 Chronicles 15:11 — Word Study

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WLCוַיִּקְרָ֣א דָוִ֔יד לְצָד֥וֹק וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֗ם לְאֽוּרִיאֵ֤ל עֲשָׂיָה֙ וְיוֹאֵ֣ל שְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה וֶאֱלִיאֵ֖ל וְעַמִּינָדָֽב׃

BSADavidDâvid [the youngest son of Jesse, a king of Israel] summonedqârâʼ [to call out to, invite] the priestskôhên [spiritual leaders, mediators between God and man] ZadokTsâdôwq [a high priest, righteous one] and AbiatharʼEbyâthâr [a faithful follower, priest] and the LevitesLêvîyîy [descendants of Levi, worship leaders] UrielʼÛwrîyʼêl [God is my light] AsaiahʻĂsâyâh [God has made] JoelYôwʼêl [Jehovah is God] ShemaiahShᵉmaʻyâh [heard by God] ElielʼĔlîyʼêl [my God is God] and AmminadabʻAmmîynâdâb [my kinsman is noble]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 15
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ve.'a.mi.na.Dav) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
1 Chronicles 15:11quick helps
In a sentenceDavid called for the priests and Levites to gather for an important task.
Who is speakingDavid, the king of Israel, is summoning the leaders.
Where we areIn the context of organizing the transport of the ark of the covenant.
The hard wordוַיִּקְרָ֣א
Take awayDavid's leadership is evident as he actively involves the religious leaders.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectדָּוִד verbקָרָא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 15:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — David Organizes the Levites and Priestsgenerated

10and from the Uzzielites, Amminadab the chief and 112 of his relatives.
11David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar and the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.
12And he said to them, “You are the heads of the Levitical families. You and your relatives must consecrate yourselves so that you may bring the ark of the LORD, the God of Israel, to the place I have prepared for it.
13It was because you Levites were not with us the first time that the LORD our God burst forth in anger against us. For we did not consult Him about the proper order.”

1 Chronicles 15:11 describes how David summoned key religious leaders to prepare for the transport of the ark of the covenant. This event highlights David's role in restoring proper worship in Israel and ensuring that the ark was handled with the reverence it deserved. The gathering of priests and Levites signifies a crucial moment in Israel's spiritual leadership, as they were responsible for mediating between God and the people.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Chronicles 12:28and Zadok, a mighty young man of valor, with 22 commanders from his own family.
21 Chronicles 18:16Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was the scribe;
31 Samuel 22:20–23But one of the sons of Ahimelech son of Ahitub escaped. His name was Abiathar, and he fled to David.
42 Samuel 8:17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe;
52 Samuel 15:24–29Zadok was also there, and all the Levites with him were carrying the ark of the covenant of God. And they set down the ark of God, and Abiathar offered sacrifices until the people had passed out of the city.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word וַיִּקְרָ֣א, vai.yik.Ra'generated

The verb קָרָא (qara') means to call out, often by name. It is a common Hebrew verb used in various contexts, including summoning individuals or proclaiming messages. In this instance, David is actively calling the priests and Levites to gather, indicating his leadership and the importance of their roles in the upcoming task.

The parsing indicates that this is a sequential imperfect verb in the third person masculine singular, meaning that David is the one performing the action of summoning. This construction emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action, suggesting that David's call was both immediate and significant.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַיִּקְרָ֣א, and he summoned, governs the entire clause, indicating David's action as the subject. The structure is straightforward, with a series of prepositional phrases following the verb that list the individuals being summoned.

The order emphasizes the importance of each group called by David, highlighting the priests and Levites as central figures in this gathering. The Hebrew syntax places the verb at the beginning, establishing the action as the focal point of the sentence.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb וַיִּקְרָ֣א is rendered as ἐκάλεσεν (ekalesen), which also means 'he called'. This choice maintains the original meaning of summoning but may suggest a slightly broader interpretation of the act of calling.

The translation reflects the Greek understanding of leadership and authority, emphasizing David's role in organizing the spiritual leaders of Israel.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 15:11 tells us that David called together the priests and Levites for an important task. He summoned Zadok, Abiathar, and several Levites, indicating the significance of their roles in the worship of God and the transport of the ark.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

Who were the key figures David summoned?

David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar, along with the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

What was the significance of summoning these leaders?

The gathering of these priests and Levites was crucial for ensuring that the ark of the covenant was transported properly, reflecting the importance of worship and leadership in Israel.

What does the name 'Zadok' mean?

Zadok means 'righteous' and he was a high priest who played a significant role during David's reign.

Why is it important that David involved the Levites?

The Levites were responsible for the care and transport of the ark, making their involvement essential for the proper worship of God.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I recognize the leaders in my community who guide spiritual practices?
  2. What does it mean to me to be called to serve in a leadership role?
  3. In what ways can I prepare myself to contribute to my community's spiritual life?
  4. What can I learn from David's example of involving others in important tasks?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 15:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests,.... See 2 Samuel 8:17 and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab; the six chiefs before mentioned.

Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 15 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Of the sons of Kohath; Uriel the chief, and his brethren an hundred and twenty: No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 15 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Zadok and Abiathar the priests, i.e. the chief priests, Abiathar the high priest, and Zadok the second priest: see .

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 15 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

1 Chronicles 15:11 And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,Ver. 11. And David called for Zadok and Abiathar.] These, and those chief captains that follow, were tanquam Ephori et directores totius deductionis, directors and principal doers.

Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 15 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(11) David’s instructions to the eight spiritual chiefs. Zadok and Abiathar the priests were of coordinate rank, as representing the two lines of Eleazar and Ithamar. On 1 Chronicles 15:5 the meanings of three of these names have been suggested. Of the others, Zadok imports just, perhaps equivalent to Zedekiah, Jah is just; Abiathar, the Father (i.e., God) excels; She-maiah, Jah heareth; Eliel, God (and none else) is God (i.e., Divine); Amminadab, the Clansman (i.e., the Lord) is bounteous. Thus the very names of those who conducted this great religious event expressed to themselves and others the high spiritual truths that Jehovah the Lord is righteous, the Author and Bestower of all…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 15 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. Zadok and Abiathar] This double priesthood (2 Samuel 8:17; 2 Samuel 15:29; 2 Samuel 15:35; 2 Samuel 19:11; 2 Samuel 20:25) came to an end in the reign of Solomon (1 Kings 2:27; 1 Kings 2:35). Zadok is always mentioned first as being descended from Eleazar the third son of Aaron, while Ithamar from whom Abiathar (Ahimelech) was descended through Eli (1 Kings 2:27) was the fourth son (1 Chronicles 24:1; 1 Chronicles 24:3). In two of the passages quoted in this note Abiathar (probably being confused with his father) is called Ahimelech or Abimelech (2 Samuel 8:17 = 1 Chronicles 18:16; 1 Chronicles 24:3). Conversely in Mark 2:26 Ahimelech is called Abiathar. In the Chronicler’s list of…

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 15 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar and the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites: for Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar and the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

NETBNew English Translation2006

David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar, along with the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

RVARevised Version, American1894

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Dauid called Zadok and Abiathar the Priestes, and of the Leuites, Vriel, Asaiah and Ioel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And David calleth to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, and to the Levites, to Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And David calls to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, and to the Levites, to Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And David called for Zadok and Ebyathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, 'Assayah, and Joel, Shema'yah, and Eliel, and 'Amminadab,

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And David called Sadoc, and Abiathar the priests, and the Levites, Uriel, Asaia, Joel, Semeia, Eliel, and Aminadab:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Then David summoned the priests Zadok and Abiathar, and the Levites Uriel, Asaiah, Joel, Shemaiah, Eliel, and Amminadab.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And David sent for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, Uriel, Asaiah and Joel, Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbיִּקְרָ֣אhe.summonedsubjectדָוִ֔ידDavidprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseprepositional phraseprepositional phraseלְ(to)צָד֥וֹקZadokוּandprepositional phraseלְ(to)אֶבְיָתָ֖רAbiatharprepositional phrasenoun phraseהַtheכֹּֽהֲנִ֑יםpriestsוְandprepositional phraseprepositional phraseלַ(to)noun phrasetheלְוִיִּ֗םLevitesprepositional phraseלְ(to)noun phraseאֽוּרִיאֵ֤לUrielעֲשָׂיָה֙Asaiahוְandיוֹאֵ֣לJoelשְׁמַֽעְיָ֔הShemaiahוֶandאֱלִיאֵ֖לElielוְandעַמִּינָדָֽבAmminadab

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with a word-by-word correspondence showing that the key elements of the verse are preserved in both texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַיִּקְרָ֣א דָוִ֔יד לְצָד֥וֹק וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖ר הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑ים וְלַלְוִיִּ֗ם לְאֽוּרִיאֵ֤ל עֲשָׂיָה֙ וְיוֹאֵ֣ל שְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה וֶאֱלִיאֵ֖ל וְעַמִּינָדָֽב׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַיִּקְרָ֣אἐκάλεσενדָוִ֔ידδαυιδלְצָד֥וֹקσαδωκוּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖רαβιαθαρהַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑יםἱερεῖςוְלַלְוִיִּ֗םλευίταςלְאֽוּרִיאֵ֤לουριηλעֲשָׂיָה֙ασαιαוְיוֹאֵ֣לιωηλשְׁמַֽעְיָ֔הσαμαιανוֶאֱלִיאֵ֖לελιηλוְעַמִּינָדָֽב׃αμιναδαβ

12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 15:11קָרָאand he summand he summonedקָרָאדָּוִדDavidDavidדָּוִדצָדוֹקZadokZadokצָדוֹקאֶבְיָתָרand Abiathaand Abiatharאֶבְיָתָרכֹּהֵןthe prieststhe priestsכֹּהֵןלֵוִיand the Levand the LevitesלֵוִיאוּרִיאֵלUrielUrielאוּרִיאֵלעֲשָׂיָהAsaiahAsaiahעֲשָׂיָהיוֹאֵלand Joeland Joelיוֹאֵלשְׁמַעְיָ֫הShemaiahShemaiahשְׁמַעְיָ֫האֱלִיאֵלand Elieland Elielאֱלִיאֵלעַמִּינָדָבand Amminadand Amminadabעַמִּינָדָבצָדֵקto justifyto justifyצָדֵקאָבfatherfatherאָבלֵוִיLeviLeviלֵוִיאוּרflameflameאוּרעָשָׂהto maketo makeעָשָׂהיהוהThe LordThe Lordיהוהשָׁמַעto hear: hto hear: hearשָׁמַעאֵלgodgodאֵלעַםAmawAmawעַםקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאדּוֹדbelovedbelovedדּוֹדכָּהַןto ministeto ministerכָּהַןאֲחִיטוּבAhitubAhitubאֲחִיטוּבבֵּןson: childson: childבֵּןצוֹםfastfastצוֹםשֵׁםnamenameשֵׁםמִזְמוֹרmelodymelodyמִזְמוֹרנָצַחto conductto conductנָצַח
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 15:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וַיִּקְרָ֣אvai.yik.Ra' and he summoned H7121 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
733× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to call out to someone or something, often by name. It's used in many situations, like calling for help or reading aloud. In Genesis, God calls out to Adam in the Garden.
Amplified meaning
to call out to, invite
Tyndale gloss
to call: call to
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קָרָא (qara') is a primitive root meaning to call, proclaim, or read. It encompasses a range of actions including calling out, crying for help, reading aloud, and summoning. The word can also imply being called or named in various contexts. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָרָא 724 vb. call, proclaim, read

Qal

call, cry, utter a loud sound

call, cry

call unto some one

cry for help

proclaim

read aloud

read to oneself

summon

call = name

Niph.

reflex.

pass. be called

Pu. be called

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7121 קָרָא call, proclaim, read .. . call, cry, utter a loud sound

. call, cry

. . call unto some one

. cry for help

. proclaim

. . read aloud

. read to oneself

. summon

. call = name

. . reflex.

. pass. be called

. be called

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7121 qara' kaw-raw'

a primitive root (rather identical with 7122 through the idea

of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly,

address by name, but used in a wide variety of

applications):--bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for,

forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite,

mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(- ation),

pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.

see HEBREW for 07122

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call to.

: call_to/invite/entreat

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow

1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to call oneself

1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named

1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen

קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call by.

: call_by/name

1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound

1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)

1a3) to proclaim

1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqw3ms
and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
דָוִ֔ידda.Vid David H1732 Noun proper masculine
1,075× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Amplified meaning
the youngest son of Jesse, a king of Israel
Tyndale gloss
David
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1732 David daw-veed'

rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;

loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.

see HEBREW for 01730

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.

A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;

son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);

brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);

father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):

I. NAME AND GENEALOGY

II. EARLY YEARS

1. Shepherd

2. Slinger

3. Harpist

4. Poet

5. Psalmist

6. Tribesman

III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL

1. David First Meets Saul

2. His First Exploit

3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David

4. Jonathan and David

IV. DAVID IN EXILE

1. David as Outlaw

2. David Joins the Philistines

V. DAVID AS KING

1. Civil War

2. Conquests Abroad

3. Political Situation

4. The Ark

VI. DOMESTIC LIFE

1. His Wives and Children

2. Domestic Troubles

VII. HIS OFFICIALS

1. Prophets

2. Priests

3. Military Officers

4. Other Officials

5. Mutual Rivalry

VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID

1. Chronicles

2. Psalms

3. Complex Character

4. Physical Courage

5. Moral Courage

6. Prudence

7. Strategy

8. Nobility

9. David in Relation to His Family

10. David in Relation to His Friends

11. His Success

12. His Foreign Friends

13. Nemesis

Easton's Bible Dictionary

David

Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).

His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
לְצָד֥וֹקle.tza.Dok Zadok H6659 Preposition · noun proper masculine
53× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Zadok was a high priest in Israel who supported King David and anointed Solomon as king. His name means righteous and he is mentioned in 1 Kings and Nehemiah. Zadok was a key figure in Israel's history.
Amplified meaning
a high priest, righteous one
Tyndale gloss
Zadok
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צָדוֹק (Tsadowq) means 'righteous' and refers primarily to the name Zadok, associated with several notable figures in the Old Testament. This includes a high priest during King David's reign, who supported him and anointed Solomon. The entries detail various individuals named Zadok, including priests and wall-builders during the time of Nehemiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָדוֹק, and צָדֹק 54 n.pr.m. (just, righteous)

48 priests

father-in-law of Uzziah

two wall-builders

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6659 צָדוֹק, צָדֹק

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6659 Tsadowq tsaw-doke'

from 6663; just; Tsadok, the name of eight or nine

Israelites:--Zadok.

see HEBREW for 06663

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָדוֹק (tsa.doq) — Zadok.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;

son of: Ahitub (H0285H);

father of: Ahimaaz (H0290H)

§ Zadok = "righteous"

1) the high priest, son of Ahitub of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, and 11th in descent from Aaron; joined David after Saul's death and supported him against Absalom and Adonijah; anointed Solomon as king

2) a priest, son of Meraioth, father of Meshullam of the house of Ahitub; apparently a nephew of 1

3) father of Jerusha, the wife of king Uzziah and mother of king Jotham of Judah

4) son of Baana and repairer of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah

5) son of Immer and repairer of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah

6) a leader of the people in the time of Nehemiah

7) a scribe appointed by Nehemiah as one of the treasurers over the storehouse

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

za'-dok (tsadowq, once tsadhoq (1Ki 1:26), similar to tsaddiq, and tsadduq, post-Biblical, meaning justus, "righteous"; Septuagint Sadok): Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica suggests that Zadok was a modification of a Gentilic name, that of the Zidkites the Negeb, who probably derived their appellation from the root ts-d-q, a secondary title of the god they worshipped. At the same time Cheyne admits that cultivated Israelites may have interpreted Zadok as meaning "just," "righteous"--a much more credible supposition.

(1) Zadok the son of Ahitub (2Sa 8:17)--not of Ahitub the ancestor of Ahimelech (1Sa 14:3) and of Abiathar, his son (1Sa 22:20).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Zadok

Righteous. (1.) A son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazer (2 Sam. 8:17; 1 Chr. 24:3), high priest in the time of David (2 Sam. 20:25) and Solomon (1 Kings 4:4). He is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron (1 Chr. 12:27, 28). He was probably on this account made ruler over the Aaronites (27:17). Zadok and Abiathar acted as high priests on several important occasions (1 Chr. 15:11; 2 Sam. 15:24-29, 35, 36); but when Adonijah endeavoured to secure the throne, Abiathar went with him, and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(just). Son of Ahitub and one of the two chief priests in the time of David, Abiathar being the other. Zadok was of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, (1 Chronicles 24:3) and eleventh in descent from Aaron. (1 Chronicles 12:28) He joined David at Hebron after Saul’s death, (1 Chronicles 12:28) and thenceforth his fidelity to David was inviolable. When Absalom revolted and David fled from Jerusalem, Zadok and all the Levites bearing the ark accompanied him. When Absalom was dead, Zadok and Abiathar were the persons who persuaded the elders of Judah to invite David to return. (2 Samuel 19:11) When Adonijah, in David’s old age, set up for king, and had persuaded Joab…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The son of Ahitub, and father of Ahimaaz, high-priest of the Jews in the reigns of Saul and David. See ABIATHAR.

Others of this name are mentioned in 2Ki 15:33 1Ch 6:12 Ezr 7:2 Ne 3:4 13:13.

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וּלְאֶבְיָתָ֖רu.le.'ev.ya.Tar and Abiathar H54 Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Abiathar, an Israelite priest, was a faithful follower of David, but later rebelled with Adonijah, and is mentioned in 1 Samuel 22:20. His name means 'my father is great'.
Amplified meaning
a faithful follower, priest
Tyndale gloss
Abiathar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶבְיָתָר (Ebyathar) refers to a biblical figure, specifically a priest and the son of Ahimelech. The name suggests a meaning related to abundance or greatness, and he is noted for his loyalty to David before later rebelling with Adonijah. He is first mentioned in 1 Samuel 22:20.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶבְיָתָר n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?)) a priest, son of Ahimelech

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H54 אֶבְיָתָר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

54 'Ebyathar ab-yaw-thawr'

contracted from 1 and 3498; father of abundance (i.e.

liberal); Ebjathar, an Israelite:--Abiathar.

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 03498

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶבְיָתָר (ev.ya.tar) — Abiathar.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.22.20;

son of: Ahimelech (H0288);

father of: Ahimelech (H0288I), Jonathan (H3083I)

Also named: Abiathar (Ἀβιαθάρ "Abiathar" G0008)

§ Abiathar = "my father is great"

priest, son of Ahitub (Ahimelech), faithful to David, but later rebelled with Adonijah

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-proper — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
HC/R/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-bi'-a-thar, ab-i-a'-thar ('ebhyathar, "father of super-excellence," or, "the super-excellent one is father." With changed phraseology these are the explanations commonly given, though "a father remains" would be more in accord with the ordinary use of the stem yathar. The pious Abiathar was still conscious that he had a Father, even after the butchery of his human relatives):

1. The Biblical Account:

The Scriptures represent that Abiathar was descended from Phinehas the son of Eli, and through him from Ithamar the son of Aaron; that he was the son of Ahimelech the head priest at Nob who, with his associates, was put to death by King Saul for alleged conspiracy with David; that he had two sons, Ahimelech and Jonathan, the former of whom was, in Abiathar's lifetime, prominent in the priestly service (1Sa 21:1-9; 22:7 ff;

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Abiathar

Father of abundance, or my father excels, the son of Ahimelech the high priest. He was the tenth high priest, and the fourth in descent from Eli. When his father was slain with the priests of Nob, he escaped, and bearing with him the ephod, he joined David, who was then in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. 22:20-23; 23:6). He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader (1 Sam. 30:7). When David ascended the throne of Judah, Abiathar was appointed high priest (1 Chr. 15:11; 1 Kings 2:26) and the “king’s companion” (1 Chr. 27:34). Meanwhile Zadok, of the house of Eleazar, had been…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(father of abundance , i.e. liberal), High priest and fourth in descent from Eli. (B.C. 1060-1012.) Abiathar was the only one of the all the sons of Ahimelech the high priest who escaped the slaughter inflicted upon his father’s house by Saul, in revenge for his father’s house by Saul, in revenge of his having inquired of the Lord for David and given him the shew-bread to eat. (1 Samuel 22:1) ... Abiathar having become high priest fled to David, and was thus enabled to inquire of the Lord for him. (1 Samuel 23:9; 30:7; 2 Samuel 2:1; 5:19) etc. He adhered to David in his wanderings while pursued by Saul; he was with him while he reigned in Hebron, and afterwards in Jerusalem. (

Son of Ahimelech, and tenth high priest of the Jews. When Saul sent his emissaries to Nob, to destroy all the priests there, Abiathar, who was young, fled to David in the wilderness, 1Sa 22:11-23, with whom he continued in the character of priest, 1Sa 23:9 30:7. Being confirmed in the high priesthood on David’s accession to the throne, he aided in bringing up the ark to Jerusalem, 1Co 15:11,12, and adhered to David during the rebellion of Absalom, 2Sa 15:35, but afterwards was led to follow Adonijah, thus strangely betraying his royal friend in his old age. Solomon succeeding to the throne, degraded him from the priesthood, and sent him to Anathoth,

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
הַכֹּֽהֲנִ֑יםha.ko.ha.Nim the priests H3548 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
750× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a priest is a person who serves God and leads others in worship, like the Levitical priests in Exodus. They were responsible for making sacrifices and following God's laws. This term is also used to describe Jesus as a priest-king.
Amplified meaning
spiritual leaders, mediators between God and man
Tyndale gloss
priest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּהֵן (kohen) means 'priest' and is derived from the active participle of a related root. It encompasses various types of priests, including Levitical, Aaronic, and even pagan priests, as well as chief rulers or principal officers. The term is used in contexts referring to both Jewish and non-Jewish priestly roles.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּהֵן 750 n.m. priest

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3548 כֹּהֵן priest

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3548 kohen ko-hane'

active participle of 3547; literally, one officiating, a

priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a

layman):--chief ruler, X own, priest, prince, principal

officer.

see HEBREW for 03547

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּהֵן (ko.hen) — priest.

1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler

1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)

1b) pagan priests

1c) priests of Jehovah

1d) Levitical priests

1e) Zadokite priests

1f) Aaronic priests

1g) the high priest

Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- First notice of persons acting as

Ge 4:3,4

- During patriarchal age heads of families acted as

Ge 8:20; 12:8; 35:7

- After the exodus young men (first-born) deputed to act as

Ex 24:5; 19:22

- The sons of Aaron appointed as, by perpetual statute

Ex 29:9; 40:15

- All except seed of Aaron excluded from being

Nu 3:10; 16:40; 18:7

- Sanctified by God for the office

Ex 29:44

- Publicly consecrated

Ex 28:3; Nu 3:3

- CEREMONIES AT CONSECRATION OF

. Washing in water

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וְלַלְוִיִּ֗םve.lal.vi.Yim and the Levites H3881 Conjunction · preposition · noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
291× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Levite is a descendant of Levi, one of Jacob's 12 sons, mentioned in Genesis 29:34. Levi's brothers include Reuben, Simeon, and Judah. His descendants played a key role in Israel's spiritual life.
Amplified meaning
descendants of Levi, worship leaders
Tyndale gloss
Levi
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֵוִי (Leviy) refers to a Levite, a member of the tribe of Levi, which is the third son of Jacob and Leah. This term encompasses the descendants of Levi, who were set apart for religious duties. The word is linked to the Hebrew root for 'joining,' reflecting the tribe's special role in service to God. It first appears in Genesis 29:34.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵוִי 291 adj.gent. Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3881 לֵוִי Levite

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3881 Leviyiy lay-vee-ee'

or Leviy {lay-vee'}; patronymically from 3878; a Levite or

descendant of Levi:--Leviite.

see HEBREW for 03878

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֵוִי (le.viy.yi) — Levi.

Someone from the tribe of Levi living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.34;

son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);

brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Judah (H3063), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);

half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);

father of: Gershon (H1648), Kohath (H6955), Merari (H4847) and Jochebed (H3115)

Another name of le.vi (לֵוִי "Levi" H3878)

§ Levite, of Levi "joined to"

1) the descendants of Levi, the 3rd son of Jacob by Leah

1a) the tribe descended from Levi specially set aside by God for His service

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | Ngmpa — Conjunction · preposition · noun gentilic masculine plural absolute
HC/Rd/Ngmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

le'-vits.

See PRIESTS AND LEVITES.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(descendants of Levi). Sometimes the name extends to the whole tribe, the priests included, (Exodus 6:25; Leviticus 25:32; Numbers 35:2; Joshua 21:3,41) etc; sometimes only to those members of the tribe who were not priests, and as distinguished from them. Sometimes again it is added as an epithet of the smaller portion of the tribe, and we read of "the priests the Levites." (Joshua 3:3; Ezekiel 44:15) The history of the tribe and of the functions attached to its several orders is essential to any right apprehension of the history of Israel as a people. It will fall…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

All the descendants of Levi may be comprised under this name, Ex 6:16,25 Jos 3:3, (see LEVI;) but chiefly those who were employed in the lower services in the temple, by which they were distinguished from the priests, who were of the race of Levi by Aaron, and were employed in higher offices, Nu 3:6-10 18:2-7. God chose the Levites for the service of his tabernacle and temple, instead of the firstborn of all Israel, to whom such duties naturally belonged, and who were already sacred to God in memory of the great deliverance in Egypt. Ex 13:1-22 Nu 3:12,13,39-51. In the wilderness, the Levites took charge of the tabernacle…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (The descendants of Levi)

→ Set apart as ministers of religion Nu 1:47-54; 3:6-16; 16:9; 26:57-62; De 10:8; 1Ch 15:2

→ Substituted in the place of the firstborn children Nu 3:12,41-45; 8:14,16-18; 18:6

→ Religious zeal of Ex 32:26-28; De 33:9,10; Mal 2:4,5

→ Consecration of Nu 8:6-21

→ Sedition among, led by Korah, Dathan, Abiram, and On, on account of jealousy toward Moses and Aaron Nu 16; with 4:19,20

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
לְאֽוּרִיאֵ֤לle.'u.ri.'El Uriel H222 Preposition · noun proper masculine
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Uriel means God is my light, the name of two Israelites, one a chief of the Levites in David's time and another the maternal grandfather of Abijah, as mentioned in 2 Chronicles 13:2.
Amplified meaning
God is my light
Tyndale gloss
Uriel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אוּרִיאֵל (Uwriy'el) means 'flame of God' or 'God is my light.' It refers to a name borne by two men from the tribe of Levi during the Divided Monarchy, noted for their roles in the Levitical line. Uriel is described as the chief of the Kohathites in David's time and the maternal grandfather of Abijah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אוּרִיאֵל n.pr.m. (flame of Ēl or my light is Ēl)

chief of Levit. line of Kohath, in time of David

maternal grandfather of Abijah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H222 אוּרִיאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

222 'Uwriy'el oo-ree-ale'

from 217 and 410; flame of God; Uriel, the name of two

Israelites:--Uriel.

see HEBREW for 0217

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אוּרִיאֵל (u.ri.el) — Uriel.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.24;

son of: Tahath (H8480H);

father of: Uzziah (H5818H); also called Zephaniah at 1Ch.6.36;

Also named: tse.phan.yah (צְפַנְיָהוּ "Zephaniah" H6846J)

§ Uriel = "God (El) is my light"

1) chief of the Levitical line of Kohath in David's time

2) maternal grandfather of Abijah

אוּרִיאֵל (u.ri.el) — Uriel.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.15.5

§ Uriel = "God (El) is my light"

1) chief of the Levitical line of Kohath in David's time

2) maternal grandfather of Abijah

אוּרִיאֵל (u.ri.el) — Uriel.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.13.2; married to Tamar (H8559I);

father of: Maacah (H4601K)

§ Uriel = "God (El) is my light"

1) chief of the Levitical line of Kohath in David's time

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Uriel

God is my light. (1.) A Levite of the family of Kohath (1 Chr. 6:24).

(2.) The chief of the Kohathites at the time when the ark was brought up to Jerusalem (1 Chr. 15:5, 11).

(3.) The father of Michaiah, one of Rehoboam’s wives, and mother of Abijah (2 Chr. 13:2).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

A Kohathite Levite, son of Tahath. (1 Chronicles 6:24) Chief of the Kohathites in the reign of David. (1 Chronicles 15:5,11) (B.C. 1043.) Uriel of Gibeah was the father of Maachah or Michaiah the favorite wife of Rehoboam and mother of Abijah. (2 Chronicles 13:2) (B.C. before 973.) In (2 Chronicles 11:20) she is called "Maachah the daughter of Absalom." Probably her mother, Tamer, was the daughter of Absalom.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

same as Uriah

Nave's Topical Bible

1. A Levite

Son of Tahath 1Ch 6:24

2. A Levite

Assisted in moving the ark of the covenant 1Ch 15:5,11,12

3. Grandfather of King Abijah 2Ch 13:2

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
עֲשָׂיָה֙'a.sa.Yah Asaiah H6222 Noun proper masculine
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Asaiah was a name shared by several Israelites, including a prince of the tribe of Simeon and a servant of King Josiah. The name means 'made by Jehovah' and is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 15:6 and other passages.
Amplified meaning
God has made
Tyndale gloss
Asaiah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲשָׂיָה (Asayah) means "made by Jehovah" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. It is derived from roots meaning to make and Jehovah. Notably, Asaiah is identified as a prince of Simeon during King Hezekiah's reign, a servant of King Josiah, and a chief Levite in David's time. The name appears in various contexts, particularly during the Divided Monarchy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲשָׂיָה n.pr.m.

servant of Josiah

Simeonite

Levites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6222 עֲשָׂיָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6222 `Asayah aw-saw-yaw'

from 6213 and 3050; Jah has made; Asajah, the name of three

or four Israelites:--Asaiah.

see HEBREW for 06213

see HEBREW for 03050

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲשָׂיָה (a.sa.yah) — Asaiah.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.22.12; also called in KJV: Asahiah;

§ Asaiah or Asahiah = "made by Jehovah"

1) a prince of the tribe of Simeon in the time of king Hezekiah of Judah

2) a servant of king Josiah of Judah

3) a Merarite Levite, chief of his family, in the time of David

עֲשָׂיָה (a.sa.yah) — Asaiah.

A man of the tribe of Simeon(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.36

§ Asaiah or Asahiah = "made by Jehovah"

1) a prince of the tribe of Simeon in the time of king Hezekiah of Judah

2) a servant of king Josiah of Judah

3) a Merarite Levite, chief of his family, in the time of David

עֲשָׂיָה (a.sa.yah) — Asaiah.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.6.30;

son of: Haggiah (H2293)

§ Asaiah or Asahiah = "made by Jehovah"

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-sa'-ya ([`asayah], "Yahweh has made," written Asahiah twice in the King James Version (2Ki 22:12,14)):

(1) A Levite of the family of Merari, and one of those who helped bring the ark from the house of Obed-edom to Jerusalem (1Ch 6:30; 15:6,11).

(2) A leading man of the tribe of Simeon. He was in the incursion which attacked and dispossessed the MEUNIM (which see), or the shepherd people, in the valley of Gedor (1Ch 4:36).

(3) An officer of Josiah sent to Huldah the prophetess for advice regarding the law book found by Hilkiah (2Ki 22:12,14; see ASAHIAH).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the Lord hath made). A prince of one of the families of the Simeonites in the reign of Hezekiah. (1 Chronicles 4:36) (B.C. 910.) A Levite in the reign of David, chief of the family of Merari. (1 Chronicles 6:30) With 120 of his brethren he took part in bringing the ark from the house of Obed-edom to the city of David. (1 Chronicles 15:6,11) The first-born of "the Shilonite," from Shiloni, (1 Chronicles 9:5) who with his family dwelt in Jerusalem after the return from Babylon. (B.C. 536.) In (Nehemiah 11:5) he is called MAASEIAH. (2 Chronicles 34:20) [ASAHIAH]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

the Lord hath wrought

Nave's Topical Bible

1. A descendant of Simeon 1Ch 4:36

2. A Levite 1Ch 6:30

Probably identical with a man of same name mentioned in 1Ch 15:6,11

3. A Shilonite 1Ch 9:5

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וְיוֹאֵ֣לve.yo.'El and Joel H3100 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Joel means Jehovah is God, the name of twelve Israelites, including a minor prophet who wrote the book of Joel. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 6:24 and his book is one of the minor prophets in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
Jehovah is God
Tyndale gloss
Joel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹאֵל (Yow'el) means 'Jehovah is God' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including the second of the twelve minor prophets. The name is associated with various figures, such as Samuel's eldest son and leaders from the tribes of Simeon, Reuben, and Gad. The entries highlight a range of roles, from prophets to warriors, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹאֵל n.pr.m. (usu. interpr. as י׳ is God)

Samuel’s firstborn

a Simeonite prince

a Reubenite

a Gadite chief

a chief man of Issachar

one of David’s heroes

a chief of Manasseh

a Jew of Ezra’s time

a Benjamite

the prophet, son of Pethuel

Levites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3100 יוֹאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3100 Yow'el yo-ale'

from 3068 and 410; Jehovah (is his) God; Joel, the name of

twelve Israelites:--Joel.

see HEBREW for 03068

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹאֵל (yo.el) — Joel.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.8.2;

son of: Samuel (H8050);

brother of: Abijah (H0029);

father of: Heman (H1968I); also translated "second" at 1Ch.6.28;

Also named: vash.ni (וַשְׁנִי "`second`" H2059)

§ Joel = "Jehovah is God"

1) son of Pethuel and the 2nd of the 12 minor prophets with a book by his name; probably prophesied in the time of king Uzziah of Judah

2) eldest son of Samuel the prophet and father of Heman the singer

3) a Simeonite chief

4) a Reubenite

5) a chief of Gad

6) son of Izrahiah and a chief of Issachar

7) brother of Nathan of Zobah and one of David's mighty warriors

8) son of Pedaiah and a chief of the half tribe of Manasseh west of the Jordan in the time of David

9) a son of Nebo who returned with Ezra and had a foreign wife

10) a Benjamite, son of Zichri

11) a Levite

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Joel

Jehovah is his God. (1.) The oldest of Samuel’s two sons appointed by him as judges in Beersheba (1 Sam. 8:2). (See VASHNI.) (2.) A descendant of Reuben (1 Chr. 5:4,8). (3.) One of David’s famous warriors (1 Chr. 11:38). (4.) A Levite of the family of Gershom (1 Chr. 15:7, 11). (5.) 1 Chr. 7:3. (6.) 1 Chr. 27:20. (7.) The second of the twelve minor prophets. He was the son of Pethuel. His personal history is only known from his book.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(to whom Jehovah is God). Eldest son of Samuel the prophet, (1 Samuel 8:2; 1 Chronicles 6:33; 15:17) and father of Heman the singer. (B.C. 1094.) In (1 Chronicles 6:36) Authorized Version, Joel seems to be merely a corruption of Shaul in ver. 24. A Simeonite chief. (1 Chronicles 4:35) A descendant of Reuben. Junius and Tremellius make him the son of Hanoeh, while others trace his descent through Carmi. (1 Chronicles 5:4) (B.C. before 1092.) Chief of the Gadites, who dwelt in the land of Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:12) (B.C. 782.) The son of Izrahiah, of the tribe of…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

One of the minor prophets, of whom nothing is known beyond the few hints furnished in his brief but valuable prophecy. He lived in the kingdom of Judah, and at a time when the temple and temple-worship still existed, Joe 1:14 2:1,15,32 3:1. Different authors assign to his prophecy different dates, but the prevailing opinion is that he prophesied in the reign of Uzziah, nearly 800 B. C.

The BOOK of JOEL opens with a most graphic and powerful description of the devastation caused by swarms of divers kinds of locusts, accompanied by a terrible drought. The plague of locusts, one of the most dreadful scourges of the East, (see LOCUSTS,) is highly suggestive of an invasion of hostile legions such as have often ravaged Judea; and many have understood, by the locusts of Joel, the Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks, or Romans. The prophet, however…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

he that wills or commands

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
שְׁמַֽעְיָ֔הshe.ma'.Yah Shemaiah H8098 Noun proper masculine
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shemaiah means heard by God, the name of 25 Israelites, including a prophet in King Rehoboam's time and a false prophet in Jeremiah's time. He is mentioned in Jeremiah 36:12. Shemaiah was also the father of Delaiah, a prince of Judah.
Amplified meaning
heard by God
Tyndale gloss
Shemaiah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁמַעְיָ֫ה (Shma`yah) means 'Jah has heard' and refers to a name associated with numerous individuals in the Old Testament, particularly prophets and Levites. The entries highlight its use for a prophet during King Rehoboam's reign and various descendants, including those in the time of Jeremiah and Nehemiah. Notably, it is mentioned in contexts involving both true and false prophets.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁמַעְיָ֫ה(וּ) n.pr.m.

prophet, Rehob.’s time

Jer.’s time

a prophet’s father

descendant of Zerub.

in Simeon

in Reuben

Levites

companions of Ezra

of Neh.

priests

a prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8098 שְׁמַעְיָ֫ה(וּ), שְׁמַעְיָה, שְׁמַעְיָהוּ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8098 Shma`yah shem-aw-yaw'

or Shmamyahuw {shem-aw-yaw'-hoo}; from 8085 and 3050; Jah has

heard; Shemajah, the name of twenty-five

Israelites:--Shemaiah.

see HEBREW for 08085

see HEBREW for 03050

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁמַעְיָ֫הוּ (she.ma.yah) — Shemaiah.

A prophet living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.12.22

§ Shemaiah = "heard by Jehovah"

1) a prophet of the Lord in the reign of king Rehoboam of Judah

2) the Nehelamite, a false prophet in the time of the prophet Jeremiah

3) father of Delaiah, one of the princes of Judah in the time of the prophet Jeremiah

4) an inhabitant of Kirjathjearim and father of Urijah, a prophet of the Lord in the time of the prophet Jeremiah

5) a Judaite, son of Shechaniah, father of Hattush, and descendant of Zerubbabel

6) a Simeonite, father of Shimri

7) a Reubenite, son of Joel and father of Gog

8) a Merarite Levite, son of Hasshub in the time of Nehemiah

9) a Levite, son of Galal and father of Obadiah

10) a Levite and head of the family of the sons of Elizaphan who were commissioned to bring the ark to Jerusalem in the time of David

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

she-ma'-ya, she-mi'-a (shema`yah (in 2Ch 11:2; 17:8; 31:15; 35:9; Jer 26:20; 29:24; 36:12, shema`yahu), "Jahveh hears"): The name is most frequently borne by priests, Levites and prophets.

(1) Codex Vaticanus Sammaias; Codex Alexandrinus Samaias (2Ch 12:5,7). A prophet who, together with Ahijah, protested against Rehoboam's contemplated war against the ten revolted tribes (1Ki 12:22-24 = 2Ch 11:2-4). He declared that the rebellion had divine sanction. The second Greek account knows nothing of Ahijah in this connection and introduces Shemaiah at the gathering at Shechem where both Jeroboam and Rehoboam were present; it…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Shemaiah

Whom Jehovah heard. (1.) A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam (1 Kings 12:22-24).

(2.) Neh. 3:29.

(3.) A Simeonite (1 Chr. 4:37).

(4.) A priest (Neh. 12:42).

(5.) A Levite (1 Chr. 9:16).

(6.) 1 Chr. 9:14; Neh. 11:15.

(7.) A Levite in the time of David, who with 200 of his brethren took part in the bringing up of the ark from Obed-edom to Hebron (1 Chr. 15:8).

(8.) A Levite (1 Chr. 24:6).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(heard by Jehovah). A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam. (1 Kings 12:22; 2 Chronicles 11:2) (B.C. 972.) He wrote a chronicle containing the events of Rehoboam’s reign. (2 Chronicles 12:5,15) The son of Shechaniah, among the descendants of Zerubbabel. (1 Chronicles 3:23; Nehemiah 3:28) A prince of the tribe of Simeon. (1 Chronicles 4:27) Son of Joel, Reubenite. (1 Chronicles 5:4) (B.C. after 1706.) Son of Hasshub, a Merarite Levite. (1 Chronicles 9:14;

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. A prophet of Israel, by whom God forbade Rehoboam to endeavor to coerce the ten tribes back to their allegiance, and called the king and his court to repent at the invasion of Shishak. He is said to have written the history of Rehoboam’s reign, 1Ki 12:22-24 2Ch 12:5-8,15.

2. A Levite, who made a registry of the twenty-four priestly classes, 1Ch 15:8,11 24:6.

3. A false prophet among the exiled Jews in Babylon, who opposed the prophet Jeremiah, and incurred divine judgments on himself and his family. For his name, Nehelamite, a dreamer, Jer 29:24-32.

and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וֶאֱלִיאֵ֖לve.'e.li.'El and Eliel H447 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Eliel was a common name in ancient Israel, meaning 'my God is God'. Several men in the Bible bore this name, including a Levite and a chief in David's army. The name signifies a strong faith and devotion to God.
Amplified meaning
my God is God
Tyndale gloss
Eliel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֱלִיאֵל (Eliy'el) means 'my God is God' or 'El is God.' It refers to several individuals, primarily during the Divided Monarchy, including chiefs in David's army and members of the tribes of Manasseh and Benjamin. The name appears in 1 Chronicles, where it is associated with various roles, such as a Levite and a chief Kohathite.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl is God, or my God is God) only Ch.

two or three of David’s chiefs

chief of Manasseh

two chiefs of Benjamin

chief of the Hebronites

a chief Kohathite

a Levite

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H447 אֱלִיאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

447 'Eliy'el el-ee-ale'

from 410 repeated; God of (his) God; Eliel, the name of nine

Israelites:--Eliel.

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלִיאֵל (e.li.el) — Eliel.

A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.24

§ Eliel = "my God is God" or "El is God"

1) an ancestor of Samuel

2) chief in David's army (might be two or three different men)

3) a Levite with David in moving the ark

4) a chief of Manasseh

5) two chiefs of Benjamin

6) a chief Kohathite

7) a Levite

אֱלִיאֵל (e.li.el) — Eliel.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.20;

son of: Shimei (H8096N);

brother of: Jakim (H3356), Zichri (H2147H), Zabdi (H2067H), Elienai (H0462), Zillethai (H6769), Adaiah (H5718H), Beraiah (H1256) and Shimrath (H8119)

§ Eliel = "my God is God" or "El is God"

1) an ancestor of Samuel

2) chief in David's army (might be two or three different men)

3) a Levite with David in moving the ark

4) a chief of Manasseh

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

e-li'-el, el'-i-el ('eli'el, "El is God," or "my God is God"):

(1, 2, 3) Mighty men of David (1Ch 11:46,47; 12:11).

(4) A chief of Manasseh, east of the Jordan (1Ch 5:24).

(5, 6) Two chiefs of Benjamin (1Ch 8:20,22).

(7) A chief Levite from Hebron (1Ch 15:9,11):

(8) A Kohathite in the line of Elkshah, Samuel and Heman (1Ch 6:34).

See ELIAB (4).

(9) A Levite of the time of Hezekiah (2Ch 31:13).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Eliel

To whom God is might. (1.) A chief of Manasseh, on the east of Jordan (1 Chr. 5:24).

(2.) A Gadite who joined David in the hold at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:11).

(3.) One of the overseers of the offerings in the reign of Hezekiah (2 Chr. 31:13).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(to whom God is strength). One of the heads of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan. (1 Chronicles 5:24) A forefather of Samuel the prophet. (1 Chronicles 6:34) A chief man in the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Chronicles 8:20) Also a Benjamite chief. (1 Chronicles 8:22) One of the heroes of David’s guard. (1 Chronicles 11:46) Another of the same guard. (1 Chronicles 11:47) One of the Gadite heroes who came across Jordan to David when he was in the wilderness of Judah hiding from Saul. (1 Chronicles 12:11) A…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

God, my God

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and he summoned David Zadok and Abiathar the priests and the Levites Uriel Asaiah and Joel Shemaiah and Eliel and Amminadab
וְעַמִּינָדָֽב׃ve.'a.mi.na.Dav and Amminadab H5992 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Amminadab means my kinsman is noble, a name given to several Israelites, including a man in the tribe of Levi and the father of Nahshon. He is mentioned in Exodus 6:18 and is an ancestor of King David. Amminadab is also the father of Korah and other notable figures.
Amplified meaning
my kinsman is noble
Tyndale gloss
Izhar
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַמִּינָדָב (Ammiynadab) means "my kinsman is noble" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, notably Aaron's father-in-law and a Levite. The name is derived from roots meaning 'people' and 'liberality.' It is first mentioned in Exodus 6:23 and is associated with the tribe of Judah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַמִּינָדָב n.pr.m. (my kinsman is noble)

Aaron’s father-in-law

Levites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5992 עַמִּינָדָב (my kinsman hath bestowed) . Aaron’s father-in-law

. Levites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5992 `Ammiynadab am-mee-naw-dawb'

from 5971 and 5068; people of liberality; Amminadab, the name

of four Israelites:--Amminadab.

see HEBREW for 05971

see HEBREW for 05068

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַמִּינָדָב (am.mi.na.dav) — Amminadab.

A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.6.23;

son of: Ram (H7410);

father of: Elisheba (H0472) and Nahshon (H5177)

Also named: Aminadab (Ἀμιναδάβ "Amminadab" G0284)

§ Amminadab = "my kinsman is noble"

1) son of Ram or Aram and father of Nahshon or Naasson and an ancestor of Jesus; father-in-law of Aaron

2) a Kohathite Levite and chief of the sons of Uzziel

3) a Levite, son of Kohath; also 'Izhar'

עַמִּינָדָב (am.mi.na.dav) — Amminadab.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.15.10

§ Amminadab = "my kinsman is noble"

1) son of Ram or Aram and father of Nahshon or Naasson and an ancestor of Jesus; father-in-law of Aaron

2) a Kohathite Levite and chief of the sons of Uzziel

3) a Levite, son of Kohath; also 'Izhar'

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-min'-a-dab (`amminadhabh = "my people (or my kinsman) is generous or noble"): Three persons bearing this name are mentioned in the Old Testament.

(1) In Ru 4:19,20 and 1Ch 2:10 Amminadab is referred to as one of David's ancestors. He was the great- grandson of Perez, a son of Judah (Ge 38:29; 46:12) and the great-grandfather of Boaz, who again was the great- grandfather of David. Aaron's wife, Elisheba, was a daughter of Amminadab (Ex 6:23), while one of the sons, namely, Nahshon, occupied an important position in the Judah-clan (Nu 1:7; 2:3; 7:12; 10:14).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Amminadab

Kindred of the prince. (1.) The father of Nahshon, who was chief of the tribe of Judah (Num. 1:7; 2:3; 7:12, 17; 10:14). His daughter Elisheba was married to Aaron (Ex. 6:23).

(2.) A son of Kohath, the second son of Levi (1 Chr. 6:22), called also Izhar (2, 18).

(3.) Chief of the 112 descendants of Uzziel the Levite (1 Chr. 15:10, 11).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(one of the prince’s people). Son of Ram or Aram, and father of Nahshon, or NAASSON (as it is written) (Matthew 1:4; Luke 3:32); (Numbers 1:7; 2:3; Ruth 4:19,20; 1 Chronicles 2:10) One of the ancestors of Jesus Christ. The chief of the 112 sons of Uzziel, a Junior Levitical house of the family of the Kohathites. (Exodus 6:23; 1 Chronicles 15:10,11) In (1 Chronicles 6:22) Izhar, the son of Kohath, is called AMMINADIB; probably a clerical error.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. A son of Aram, of the tribe of Judah, and father of Naashon. He was one of the ancestors of Christ; and his daughter Elisheba was the wife of Aaron, Ex 6:23 Ru 4:20 Mt 1:4. "The Chariots of Amminadib," So 6:12, were very light and swift, in allusion perhaps to some noted charioteer of that day.

2. A son of Kohath, 1Ch 6:33.

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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