1 Chronicles 2:32 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵ֤י יָדָע֙ אֲחִ֣י שַׁמַּ֔י יֶ֖תֶר וְיוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיָּ֥מָת יֶ֖תֶר לֹ֥א בָנִֽים׃ ס
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, male offspring] of JadaYâdâʻ [He knows, a man of Judah] the brotherʼâch [male sibling, close relative] of ShammaiShammay JetherYether [abundance, a name] and JonathanYôwnâthân [Jehovah has given, a gift from God] JetherYether diedmûwth▸ [passed away, came to an end] withoutlôʼ childrenbên [sons, descendants, posterity]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵ֤י | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| יָדָע֙ | Jada | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲחִ֣י | [the] brother of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שַׁמַּ֔י | Shammai | Noun proper masculine |
| יֶ֖תֶר | Jether | Noun proper masculine |
| וְיוֹנָתָ֑ן | and Jonathan | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וַיָּ֥מָת | and he died | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| יֶ֖תֶר | Jether | Noun proper masculine |
| לֹ֥א | not | Particle |
| בָנִֽים׃ ס | sons | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without children. |
| KJV | And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children. |
| ASV | And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children. |
| YLT | And sons of Jada, brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether dieth without sons. |
| WEB | The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether died without children. |
| BBE | And the sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether came to his end without sons. |
Where they part company is in the phrasing of Jether's fate — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a main clause detailing family relationships, followed by a subordinate clause that describes Jether's death.
3 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbמוּת
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 2:32
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 2:32 is part of a genealogical record that traces the lineage of the tribe of Judah. It emphasizes family connections and the importance of descendants in Israelite culture. This verse specifically mentions Jada and his sons, Jether and Jonathan, and notes that Jether died without children, which would impact the family line.
Cross References
The Key Word — יֶ֖תֶר, Ye.tergenerated
The name יֶ֖תֶר (Ye.ter) means 'abundance' and is associated with multiple individuals in the Old Testament. In this context, Jether is identified as a son of Jada, who is part of the genealogy of Judah. The parsing indicates that it is a proper masculine noun, showing Jether's identity as a male descendant.
The significance of Jether's name, meaning abundance, may suggest a hopeful expectation for his lineage, which is tragically cut short by his death without children. This detail underscores the importance of offspring in maintaining family heritage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַיָּ֥מָת (vai.Ya.mot), meaning 'and he died,' governs the sentence, with the subject being Jether. The structure emphasizes Jether's fate, with the rest of the verse providing context about his lineage.
The sentence is built around Jether's death, with the noun phrases detailing his family connections and the outcome of his life. This structure highlights the importance of lineage in the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יֶ֖תֶר as ιεθερ, which aligns closely with the Hebrew. This choice reflects a direct rendering of the name without additional interpretation, maintaining the identity of Jether within the genealogical context.
The use of the Greek word for 'and he died' in the Septuagint indicates a straightforward narrative continuation, similar to the Hebrew, emphasizing the finality of Jether's death.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:32 lists the sons of Jada, who is the brother of Shammai. It mentions Jether and Jonathan, and notes that Jether died without children, which is significant in the context of family lineage.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies the end of his lineage, which was important in the context of family heritage and inheritance in Israel.
Jada was a man from the tribe of Judah, and he is noted as the father of Jether and Jonathan.
Genealogies establish family connections, inheritance rights, and the fulfillment of God's promises to His people.
Jether's story reminds us of the significance of family and the impact of one's legacy.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does Jether's death without children teach us about the importance of lineage?
- How do genealogies in the Bible help us understand God's promises?
- In what ways can we honor our family heritage today?
- What significance do you think names carry in your own family?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 2:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai,.... 1 Chronicles 2:28, Jether and Jonathan: and Jether died without children; the posterity of Jonathan are given the next verse.
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9-41) The Hezronites, who were sons of Pharez (1 Chronicles 2:5), and their three lines of descent, Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without children.
The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without children.
The sons of Jada, Shammai’s brother: Jether and Jonathan. (Jether died without having sons.)
Tyndale line
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
And the sons of Jada the brother of Shammai; Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether died without children.
And the sonnes of Iada the brother of Shammai were Iether and Ionathan: but Iether dyed without children.
Strictly literal
And the sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether died without sons.
And sons of Jada, brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan: and Jether dieth without sons.
And sons of Jada, brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether dies without sons.
And the sons of Jada' the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
The sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai, were Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without children.
From the Latin
And the sons of Jada the brother of Semei: Jether and Jonathan. And Jether also died without children.
Simplified
The sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan. Jether died without having children.
And the sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether came to his end without sons.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with nine of the ten words matching. The Septuagint's structure differs but retains the essential details about Jether's lineage and death.
וּבְנֵ֤י יָדָע֙ אֲחִ֣י שַׁמַּ֔י יֶ֖תֶר וְיוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיָּ֥מָת יֶ֖תֶר לֹ֥א בָנִֽים׃ ס
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 2:32
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יָדָע (yada`) refers to a man named Jada from the tribe of Judah, noted in genealogies during the Divided Monarchy. The name means 'He knows.' He is identified as the son of Onam and brother of Shammai, with children named Jether and Jonathan. The entries primarily focus on his identity and lineage.
יָדָע n.pr.m. (the knowing, shrewd on)—a man of Judah
base
H3047 יָדָע
3047 Yada` yaw-daw'
from 3045; knowing; Jada, an Israelite:--Jada.
see HEBREW for 03045
יָדָע (ya.da) — Jada.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.28;
son of: Onam (H0208H);
brother of: Shammai (H8060);
father of: Jether (H3500I) and Jonathan (H3129)
§ Jada = "He knows"
a Judahite, son of Onam and brother of Shammai, in the genealogy of the sons of Jerahmeel by his wife Atarah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ja'-da (yadha`, "the knowing one"): Son of Onam and grandson of Jerahmeel by his wife Atarah (1Ch 2:26,28,32).
(wise), son of Onam and brother of Shammai, in the genealogy of the sons of Jerahmeel by his wife Atarah. (1 Chronicles 2:28,32) (B.C. after 1445.)
knowing
אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.
אָח 630 n.m. brother
brother, born of same mother (& father)
indef. = relative
fig. of resemblance
in phr. one … another
base
H251 אָח brother
251 'ach awkh
a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of
literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance
(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.
Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".
see HEBREW for 01
אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.
: male-sibling
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.
: male-relative
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.
: compatriot
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שַׁמַּי (Shammay) refers to a name meaning "desolate" and is associated with three individuals from the tribe of Judah. The entries indicate that Shammai is a personal name linked to various genealogies in the Old Testament, particularly in 1 Chronicles, where he is mentioned as a descendant of Jerahmeel and other ancestors. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שַׁמַּי n.pr.m. in Judah
base
H8060 שַׁמַּי
8060 Shammay sham-mah'-ee
from 8073; destructive; Shammai, the name of three
Israelites:--Shammai.
see HEBREW for 08073
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.28;
son of: Onam (H0208H);
brother of: Jada (H3047);
father of: Nadab (H5070I) and Abishur (H0051)
§ Shammai = "desolate"
1) a Judaite, son of Onam and descendant of Jerahmeel
2) a Judaite, son of Rekem, father of Maon, and descendant of Jerahmeel's brother, Caleb
3) a Judaite, son of Mered and brother of Miriam and Ishbah
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.44;
son of: Rekem (H7552I);
father of: Maon (H4584H)
§ Shammai = "desolate"
1) a Judaite, son of Onam and descendant of Jerahmeel
2) a Judaite, son of Rekem, father of Maon, and descendant of Jerahmeel's brother, Caleb
3) a Judaite, son of Mered and brother of Miriam and Ishbah
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(desolate). The son of Onam. (1 Chronicles 2:28,32) Son of Rekem. (1 Chronicles 2:44,45) One of the descendants of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:17)
my name; my desolations
יֶ֫תֶר (yether) means 'abundance' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Notably, it includes Jether, the father-in-law of Moses, and the oldest son of Gideon. The entries highlight multiple figures named Jether from different tribes, including Judah and Asher, with varying roles in Israel's history. The lexicons do not provide significant disagreement.
יֶ֫תֶר n.pr.m. (abundance)
father of Moses’ wife
eldest son of Gideon
father of Amasa
men of Judah
a man of Asher
base
H3500 יֶ֫תֶר
3500 Yether yeh'-ther
the same as 3499; Jether, the name of five or six Israelites
and of one Midianite:--Jether, Jethro. Compare 3503.
see HEBREW for 03499
see HEBREW for 03503
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jdg.8.20;
son of: Gideon (H1439);
brother of: Abimelech (H0040H) and Jotham (H3147)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
4) father of Amasa, the commander of Absalom's army
5) son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah
6) a son of Ezra, a Judaite
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.17.25; married to Abigail (H0026H);
father of: Amasa (H6021); also called Ithra at 2Sa.17.25;
Also named: yit.ra (יִתְרָא "Ithra" H3501)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
je'-ther (yether, "abundance"):
(1) Ex 4:18 the Revised Version margin, King James Version, margin.
See JETHRO.
(2) Gideon's eldest son (Jud 8:20), who was called upon by his father to slay Zebah and Zalmunnah, but "feared, because he was yet a youth." The narrative there (Jud 8:4) should be connected with that of Jud 6:34, where Gideon is followed by his clan, and not with that of Jud 7, where he has 300 picked men. The captives would be taken to Orpah, Gideon's home, and slain there.
Jether
Surplus; excellence. (1.) Father-in-law of Moses (Ex. 4:18 marg.), called elsewhere Jethro (q.v.).
(2.) The oldest of Gideon’s seventy sons (Judg. 8:20).
(3.) The father of Amasa, David’s general (1 Kings 2:5, 32); called Ithra (2 Sam. 17:25).
(his excellence). Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. (Exodus 4:18) (B.C. 1530.) The first-born of Gideon’s seventy sons. (Judges 8:20) (B.C. 1256.) The father of Amasa, captain-general of Absalom’s army. (B.C. 1023.) Jether is another form of ITHRA. (2 Samuel 17:25) He is described in (1 Chronicles 2:17) as an Ishmaelite, which again is more likely to be correct than the "Israelite" of the Hebrew in (2 Samuel 17:1) ... The son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah. (1 Chronicles 2:32) The son of Ezra. (
he that excels
יוֹנָתָן (Yownathan) is a Hebrew name meaning 'Jehovah has given.' It refers primarily to Jonathan, the son of King Saul and a close friend of David, but also to several other figures in the Old Testament, including priests and warriors. The entries highlight various individuals named Jonathan, with mentions in books like 1 Chronicles and Ezra.
יְהוֹנָתָן, יוֹנָתָן n.pr.m. (י׳ hath given)
son of Saul
son of Abiathar
nephew of David
of David, i.e. his uncle?
one of David’s heroes
one of David’s treasurers
a scribe
Levites
a priest
priest to the tribe of Dan, son of Gershom
a Judaite captain, after fall of Jerus.
a Judaite
father of Ebed
son of Asahel
a priest
son of Joiada
base
H3129 יְהוֹנָתָן, יוֹנָתָן
3129 Yownathan yo-naw-thawn'
a form of 3083; Jonathan, the name of ten
Israelites:--Jonathan.
see HEBREW for 03083
יוֹנָתָן (yo.na.tan) — Jonathan.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.32;
son of: Jada (H3047);
brother of: Jether (H3500I);
father of: Peleth (H6431H) and Zaza (H2117)
§ Jonathan or Jehonathan = "Jehovah has given"
1) a son of king Saul and a friend of David
2) a son of the high priest Abiathar and the last descendant of Eli of whom we hear
3) one of David's mighty warriors
4) a Levite and father of Zechariah, a priest who blew the trumpet at the dedication of the wall
5) a son of Kareah and a brother of Johanan; a Judaite captain after the fall of Jerusalem
6) another Judaite
7) father of Ebed in the time of Ezra
8) son of Asahel in the time of Ezra
9) a priest of the family of Melicu in the time of Nehemiah
10) son of Joiada and his successor to the high priesthood in the time of Nehemiah
יוֹנָתָן (yo.na.tan) — Jonathan.
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Jonathan
Whom Jehovah gave, the name of fifteen or more persons that are mentioned in Scripture. The chief of these are, (1.) A Levite descended from Gershom (Judg. 18:30). His history is recorded in 17:7-13 and 18:30. The Rabbins changed this name into Manasseh “to screen the memory of the great lawgiver from the stain of having so unworthy an apostate among his near descendants.” He became priest of the idol image at Dan, and this office continued in his family till the Captivity.
(2.) The eldest son of king Saul, and the bosom friend of David. He is first mentioned when he was about thirty years of age, some time after his father’s accession to the throne (1 Sam. 13:2). Like his father, he was a man of great strength and activity (
that is, "the gift of Jehovah, " the eldest son of King Saul. (B.C. about 1095-1056.) He was a man of great strength and activity. (2 Samuel 1:23) He was also famous as a warrior, (1 Chronicles 12:2) as is shown by the courage he showing in attacking the garrison of the Philistines, in company with is armor-bearer only, slaying twenty men and putting an army to flight. (1 Samuel 14:6-16) During the pursuit, Jonathan, who had not heard of the rash curse, ch. (1 Samuel 14:24) which Saul invoked on any one who ate before the evening, tasted the honey which lay on the ground. Saul would have sacrificed him; but the people interposed in behalf of the hero of that great day, and…
1. A Levite, son of Gershom, and grandson of Moses, who after the death of Joshua impiously served as a priest, first to Micah, and then to the Danites in Laish or Dan, where his posterity succeeded him until the captivity, Jud 17:1-18:31.
2. The eldest son of Saul, and one of the loveliest characters in Old Testament history. The narrative of his brilliant exploit in Michmash, 1Sa 13:1-14:52, illustrates his pious faith, his bravery, (see also 1Sa 13:3) and the favor borne him by the people, who would not suffer him to be put to death in consequence of Saul’s foolish vow. This valiant and generous prince loved David as his own soul, 1Sa 18:1-4 19:2 20:1-42; and though…
given of God
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
יֶ֫תֶר (yether) means 'abundance' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Notably, it includes Jether, the father-in-law of Moses, and the oldest son of Gideon. The entries highlight multiple figures named Jether from different tribes, including Judah and Asher, with varying roles in Israel's history. The lexicons do not provide significant disagreement.
יֶ֫תֶר n.pr.m. (abundance)
father of Moses’ wife
eldest son of Gideon
father of Amasa
men of Judah
a man of Asher
base
H3500 יֶ֫תֶר
3500 Yether yeh'-ther
the same as 3499; Jether, the name of five or six Israelites
and of one Midianite:--Jether, Jethro. Compare 3503.
see HEBREW for 03499
see HEBREW for 03503
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jdg.8.20;
son of: Gideon (H1439);
brother of: Abimelech (H0040H) and Jotham (H3147)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
4) father of Amasa, the commander of Absalom's army
5) son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah
6) a son of Ezra, a Judaite
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.17.25; married to Abigail (H0026H);
father of: Amasa (H6021); also called Ithra at 2Sa.17.25;
Also named: yit.ra (יִתְרָא "Ithra" H3501)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
je'-ther (yether, "abundance"):
(1) Ex 4:18 the Revised Version margin, King James Version, margin.
See JETHRO.
(2) Gideon's eldest son (Jud 8:20), who was called upon by his father to slay Zebah and Zalmunnah, but "feared, because he was yet a youth." The narrative there (Jud 8:4) should be connected with that of Jud 6:34, where Gideon is followed by his clan, and not with that of Jud 7, where he has 300 picked men. The captives would be taken to Orpah, Gideon's home, and slain there.
Jether
Surplus; excellence. (1.) Father-in-law of Moses (Ex. 4:18 marg.), called elsewhere Jethro (q.v.).
(2.) The oldest of Gideon’s seventy sons (Judg. 8:20).
(3.) The father of Amasa, David’s general (1 Kings 2:5, 32); called Ithra (2 Sam. 17:25).
(his excellence). Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. (Exodus 4:18) (B.C. 1530.) The first-born of Gideon’s seventy sons. (Judges 8:20) (B.C. 1256.) The father of Amasa, captain-general of Absalom’s army. (B.C. 1023.) Jether is another form of ITHRA. (2 Samuel 17:25) He is described in (1 Chronicles 2:17) as an Ishmaelite, which again is more likely to be correct than the "Israelite" of the Hebrew in (2 Samuel 17:1) ... The son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah. (1 Chronicles 2:32) The son of Ezra. (
he that excels
לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'
לֹא or לוֹא adv. not
base
H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not
3808 lo' lo
or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often
used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,
ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,
no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out
of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +
of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.
לֹא (lo) — not.
1) not, no
1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)
1b) not (with modifier-negation)
1c) nothing (subst)
1d) without (with particle)
1e) before (of time)
Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Part — ParticleHTn
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa