1 Chronicles 4:17 — Word Study
WLCוּבֶן־ עֶזְרָ֔ה יֶ֥תֶר וּמֶ֖רֶד וְעֵ֣פֶר וְיָל֑וֹן וַתַּ֙הַר֙ אֶת־ מִרְיָ֣ם וְאֶת־ שַׁמַּ֔י וְאֶת־ יִשְׁבָּ֖ח אֲבִ֥י אֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of EzrahʻEzrâh△ [an Israelite from the tribe of Judah] JetherYether [meaning abundance] MeredMered [Ezrah's son] EpherʻÊpher [a calf] and JalonYâlôwn△ [Ezrah's son] And [Mered’s wife Bithiah] gave birthhârâh▸ [a woman of Judah, to conceive, became pregnant] to MiriamMiryâm [rebellion] ShammaiShammay [a man from Judah] and IshbahYishbach△ [a father, a leader] the fatherʼâb [abbi, a patriarch] of EshtemoaʼEshtᵉmôaʻ [a city in Judah, I will make myself heard]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבֶן־ | and [the] son of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| עֶזְרָ֔ה | Ezrah | Noun proper masculine |
| יֶ֥תֶר | Jether | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמֶ֖רֶד | and Mered | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְעֵ֣פֶר | and Epher | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְיָל֑וֹן | and Jalon | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וַתַּ֙הַר֙ | and she conceived | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person feminine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| מִרְיָ֣ם | Miriam | Noun proper feminine |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| שַׁמַּ֔י | Shammai | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| יִשְׁבָּ֖ח | Ishbah | Noun proper masculine |
| אֲבִ֥י | [the] father of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃ | Eshtemoa | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. And Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. |
| KJV | And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. |
| ASV | And the sons of Ezrah: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon; and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. |
| YLT | And sons of Ezra [are] Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she beareth Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah father of Eshtemoa. |
| WEB | The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon; and Mered’s wife bore Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. |
| BBE | And the sons of Ezrah: Jether and Mered and Epher and Jalon; and these are the sons of Bithiah, the daughter of Pharaoh, the wife of Mered. And she became the mother of Miriam and Shammai and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa. |
The translations agree on the key terms and structure in this verse.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a subordinate clause that provides additional details about Mered's family.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbוְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 15 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:17
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 4:17 provides a genealogy that traces the descendants of Ezrah, highlighting the familial relationships within the tribe of Judah. This section of Chronicles is focused on preserving the history and lineage of Israel's tribes, particularly during the time of the Divided Monarchy. The mention of names like Mered and Bithiah illustrates the connections between families and their roles in the community.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 4:19 | The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maacathite. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 6:57 | So the descendants of Aaron were given Hebron (a city of refuge), Libnah, Jattir, Eshtemoa, |
| 3 | Joshua 15:50 | Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, |
| 4 | 1 Chronicles 21:24 | “No,” replied King David, “I insist on paying the full price, for I will not take for the LORD what belongs to you, nor will I offer burnt offerings that cost me nothing.” |
| 5 | 1 Samuel 30:28 | to those in Aroer, Siphmoth, and Eshtemoa; |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בֵּן, u.ven-generated
The word בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child', and it encompasses a range of meanings, including descendants and offspring. This word is often used in genealogies to indicate lineage and inheritance, as seen in this verse where it connects the names listed to their familial relationships.
In this context, בֵּן shows the direct relationship between Ezrah and his sons, establishing their identities and roles within the tribe of Judah. The parsing as a common masculine singular noun indicates that it refers specifically to male descendants.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations present the verse consistently, with all versions identifying the sons of Ezrah and their relationships.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וַתַּ֙הַר֙ (va.Ta.har), meaning 'and she conceived', governs the sentence, with multiple noun phrases describing the subjects and objects involved. The structure emphasizes the relationships among the names listed, illustrating the lineage of Ezrah.
The noun phrases include the sons of Ezrah and the offspring of Mered, which are arranged to highlight the familial connections. The Hebrew word order places the subjects before the verb, drawing attention to the lineage.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses the Greek word υἱοὶ (huioi), meaning 'sons', to translate בֵּן. This choice aligns with the genealogical emphasis of the Hebrew text, focusing on familial relationships.
The translation reflects a similar understanding of lineage, maintaining the significance of the names and their connections as presented in the Hebrew.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 4:17 lists the sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. It notes that Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, who is the father of Eshtemoa. This verse highlights the family lineage within the tribe of Judah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The names represent the descendants of Ezrah, showing the lineage and family connections important in the history of Israel.
Bithiah was the wife of Mered and is noted for giving birth to several children, indicating her role in the family lineage.
Miriam means 'rebellion' and is a name associated with two different women in the Old Testament, one being the sister of Moses.
Genealogies establish lineage and inheritance, providing context for the history and identity of the Israelite tribes.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do genealogies in the Bible help us understand the history of Israel?
- What can we learn from the family connections presented in this verse?
- Why might names like Miriam and Mered be significant in the context of Israel's history?
- In what ways do family relationships shape our understanding of community and heritage?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sons of Ezra,.... Who was perhaps the son of Asareel, last mentioned: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon; only one of them, Mered, is after mentioned: and she bare Miriam; which is not
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa. She bare Miriam. It is difficult, as the verses stand at present, to see who is meant.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEzra; the son of Ashriel last named. She bare; she, i.e. Bithiah, bare unto Mered, as may seem by comparing this with .
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 4:17 And the sons of Ezra [were], Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.Ver. 17. And the sons of Ezra.] Not that learned scribe, - there is a difference in the last letter of their names - but the son, as it seems, of Asareel. And she bare,] i.e., Bithiah bare. Miriam.] The name of a man in this place.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(17) And the sons of Ezra.—Heb., son, but some MSS. have sons (see Note on 1 Chronicles 3:19; 1 Chronicles 3:21). Ezra means help = Ezer, 1 Chronicles 4:4. Jether occurred 1 Chronicles 2:32, as a Jerahmeelite. Epher recurs 1 Chronicles 5:24, as a Manassite name. Jalon and Mered occur nowhere else. And she bare.—Literally, conceived. Who bare the three sons, whose names follow, is not clear from the preceding statement, which includes none but male appellations. The LXX. reads, “And Jether bare Maron (Miriam),” &c, and the Syriac and Arabic omit 1 Chronicles 4:17-18. This confirms our suspicion that the text is faulty.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges17. and Jalon: and she bare Miriam] As the text stands she has no antecedent. It has therefore been proposed to transfer from 1 Chronicles 4:18 the words And these are the sons of Bithiah the daughter of Pharaoh, which Mered took, and put them after Jalon. Bithiah then appears as the mother of Miriam, Shammai and Ishbah, and the difficulty of the absence of her sons’ names from 1 Chronicles 4:18 disappears. For father of Eshtemoa see 1 Chronicles 2:14 note, and for Eshtemoa see Joshua 21:14.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleShe bare Miriam - Rather, “she conceived.” The mother is not mentioned, and it seems impossible to restore the original text with any certainty.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. And Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon; and Mered’s wife bore Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. And Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. Mered’s wife Bithiah gave birth to Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa.
Tyndale line
And the sons of Ezra were, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And the sons of Ezrah: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon; and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And the sons of Ezrah; Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bare Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And the sons of Ezra were , Jethur, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she bore Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And the sonnes of Ezrah were Iether and Mered, and Epher, and Ialon, and he begate Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
Strictly literal
— And the sons of Ezra: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon; and she conceived [and bore] Miriam, and Shammai, and Jishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And sons of Ezra [are] Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon: and she beareth Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah father of Eshtemoa.
And sons of Ezra: Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon. And she bears Miriam, and Shammai, and Ishbah father of Eshtemoa.
And the sons of 'Ezrah: Jether, and Mered, and 'Epher, and Jalon. And she conceived [and bore] Miriam, and Shammai, and Yishbach the father of Eshthemoa'.
Ezrah's sons were Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. Mered's Egyptian wife bore Miriam, Shammai, and Ishbah, who became the father of Eshtemoa. These were the sons of Bithiah, daughter of Pharaoh, whom Mered married. Mered's Judahite wife bore Jered, who became the father of Gedor; Heber, who became the father of Soko; and Jekuthiel, who became the father of Zanoah.
From the Latin
And the sons of Esra, Jether, and Mered, and Epher, and Jalon, and he beget Mariam, and Sammai, and Jesba the father of Esthamo.
Simplified
The sons of Ezrah: Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. One wife of Mered was the mother of Miriam, Shammai and Ishbah the father of Eshtemoa.
And the sons of Ezrah: Jether and Mered and Epher and Jalon; and these are the sons of Bithiah, the daughter of Pharaoh, the wife of Mered. And she became the mother of Miriam and Shammai and Ishbah, the father of Eshtemoa.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the majority of the wording, with 11 out of 15 words matching. This indicates a consistent tradition in the preservation of this genealogical record, although the Septuagint's word order differs.
וּבֶן־ עֶזְרָ֔ה יֶ֥תֶר וּמֶ֖רֶד וְעֵ֣פֶר וְיָל֑וֹן וַתַּ֙הַר֙ אֶת־ מִרְיָ֣ם וְאֶת־ שַׁמַּ֔י וְאֶת־ יִשְׁבָּ֖ח אֲבִ֥י אֶשְׁתְּמֹֽעַ׃
11 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:17
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֶזְרָה (Ezrah) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:17. He is noted as the father of Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon. The name is linked to the meaning 'help' and is closely associated with the similar name Ezra.
עֶזְרָה n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:17.
ref
H5834 עֶזְרָה
5834 `Ezrah ez-raw'
the same as 5833; Ezrah, an Israelite:--Ezrah.
see HEBREW for 05833
עֶזְרָה (ez.rah) — Ezrah.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
father of: Jether (H3500J), Mered (H4778), Epher (H6081H) and Jalon (H3210)
§ Ezra = "help"
a Judaite, father of Jether, Mered, Epher, and Jalon
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
יֶ֫תֶר (yether) means 'abundance' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Notably, it includes Jether, the father-in-law of Moses, and the oldest son of Gideon. The entries highlight multiple figures named Jether from different tribes, including Judah and Asher, with varying roles in Israel's history. The lexicons do not provide significant disagreement.
יֶ֫תֶר n.pr.m. (abundance)
father of Moses’ wife
eldest son of Gideon
father of Amasa
men of Judah
a man of Asher
base
H3500 יֶ֫תֶר
3500 Yether yeh'-ther
the same as 3499; Jether, the name of five or six Israelites
and of one Midianite:--Jether, Jethro. Compare 3503.
see HEBREW for 03499
see HEBREW for 03503
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at Jdg.8.20;
son of: Gideon (H1439);
brother of: Abimelech (H0040H) and Jotham (H3147)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
4) father of Amasa, the commander of Absalom's army
5) son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah
6) a son of Ezra, a Judaite
יֶ֫תֶר (ye.ter) — Jether.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.17.25; married to Abigail (H0026H);
father of: Amasa (H6021); also called Ithra at 2Sa.17.25;
Also named: yit.ra (יִתְרָא "Ithra" H3501)
§ Jether = "abundance"
1) father-in-law of Moses
2) oldest son of Gideon
3) father of Jephunneh and the chief of a line of warriors of the line of Asher
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
je'-ther (yether, "abundance"):
(1) Ex 4:18 the Revised Version margin, King James Version, margin.
See JETHRO.
(2) Gideon's eldest son (Jud 8:20), who was called upon by his father to slay Zebah and Zalmunnah, but "feared, because he was yet a youth." The narrative there (Jud 8:4) should be connected with that of Jud 6:34, where Gideon is followed by his clan, and not with that of Jud 7, where he has 300 picked men. The captives would be taken to Orpah, Gideon's home, and slain there.
Jether
Surplus; excellence. (1.) Father-in-law of Moses (Ex. 4:18 marg.), called elsewhere Jethro (q.v.).
(2.) The oldest of Gideon’s seventy sons (Judg. 8:20).
(3.) The father of Amasa, David’s general (1 Kings 2:5, 32); called Ithra (2 Sam. 17:25).
(his excellence). Jethro, the father-in-law of Moses. (Exodus 4:18) (B.C. 1530.) The first-born of Gideon’s seventy sons. (Judges 8:20) (B.C. 1256.) The father of Amasa, captain-general of Absalom’s army. (B.C. 1023.) Jether is another form of ITHRA. (2 Samuel 17:25) He is described in (1 Chronicles 2:17) as an Ishmaelite, which again is more likely to be correct than the "Israelite" of the Hebrew in (2 Samuel 17:1) ... The son of Jada, a descendant of Hezron, of the tribe of Judah. (1 Chronicles 2:32) The son of Ezra. (
he that excels
מֶ֫רֶד (Mered) refers to a name in Judah, possibly meaning 'rebellion.' It identifies an Israelite mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:17, who is noted as the son of Ezra and has several siblings and children. The entries indicate that Mered is linked to the Hebrew root of rebellion, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מֶ֫רֶד n.pr.m. name in Judah
base
H4778 מֶ֫רֶד
4778 Mered meh'-red
the same as 4777; Mered, an Israelite:--Mered.
see HEBREW for 04777
מֶ֫רֶד (me.red) — Mered.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
son of: Ezrah (H5834);
brother of: Jether (H3500J), Epher (H6081H) and Jalon (H3210); married to Bithiah (H1332)(?) and Jehudijah (H3057)(?);
father of: Miriam (H4813H)(?), Shammai (H8060I)(?), Ishbah (H3431)(?), Jered (H3382H)(?), Heber (H2268I)(?) and Jekuthiel (H3354)(?)
§ Mered = "rebellion"
son of Ezra and a descendant of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
me'-red (meredh, "rebellion"; Septuagint has at least four variants in 1Ch 4:17,18): A descendant of Judah through Caleb, and mentioned as a "son of Ezrah" (1Ch 4:17).
Revised Version, rightly following the orthography of the Hebrew which has here the Hebrew letter he (h) instead of 'aleph (') , as in the name of the well-known Ezra, saves us from confusing this Ezrah with the other by giving him the correct terminal letter. Moreover, even if the question of spelling were waived, the absence of the mention of children in any known passages of the life of the scribe Ezra should settle the question, since this passage (1Ch 4:17) is associated with progeny.
Mered
Rebellion, one of the sons of Ezra, of the tribe of Judah (1 Chr. 4:17).
(rebellion). This name occurs in a fragmentary genealogy in (1 Chronicles 4:17,18) as that of one of the sons of Ezra. Tradition identifies him with Caleb and Moses.
rebellious, ruling
עֵ֫פֶר (Epher) refers to a name associated with several individuals in the Old Testament. It is identified as the second son of Midian, a descendant of Ezra in Judah, and a head of families in Manasseh. The name may also mean 'a calf.' There is some variation in the entries regarding the specific tribal affiliations and contexts of Epher's mention.
עֵ֫פֶר n.pr.m.
‘son’ of Midian
in Judah
in Manasseh
base
H6081 עֵ֫פֶר . ‘son’ of Midian
. in Judah
. in Manasseh
6081 `Epher ay'-fer
probably a variation of 6082; gazelle; Epher, the name of an
Arabian and of two Israelites:--Epher.
see HEBREW for 06082
עֵ֫פֶר (e.pher) — Epher.
A man of the Midianites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.4;
son of: Midian (H4080);
brother of: Ephah (H5891), Hanoch (H2585I), Abida (H0028) and Eldaah (H0420)
§ Epher = "a calf"
1) the 2nd son of Midian
2) a son of Ezra, among the descendants of Judah
3) one of the heads of the families of Manasseh on the east of the Jordan
עֵ֫פֶר (e.pher) — Epher.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
son of: Ezrah (H5834);
brother of: Jether (H3500J), Mered (H4778) and Jalon (H3210)
§ Epher = "a calf"
1) the 2nd son of Midian
2) a son of Ezra, among the descendants of Judah
3) one of the heads of the families of Manasseh on the east of the Jordan
עֵ֫פֶר (e.pher) — Epher.
A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.24
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Epher
A calf. (1.) One of the sons of Midian, who was Abraham’s son by Keturah (Gen. 25:4).
(2.) The head of one of the families of trans-Jordanic Manasseh who were carried captive by Tiglath-pileser (1 Chr. 5:24).
A son of Ezra, among the descendants of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:17) One of the heads of the families of Manasseh on the east of Jordan. (1 Chronicles 5:24)
יָלוֹן (yalown) refers to Jalon, a man from the tribe of Judah mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:17. The name is derived from a root meaning 'lodging.' He is noted as a son of Ezra and a descendant of Caleb, with brothers named Jether, Mered, and Epher.
יָלוֹן n.pr.m. son of Ezra, 1 Ch 4:17.
done
H3210 יָלוֹן
3210 Yalown yaw-lone'
from 3885; lodging; Jalon, an Israelite:--Jalon.
see HEBREW for 03885
יָלוֹן (ya.lon) — Jalon.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
son of: Ezrah (H5834);
brother of: Jether (H3500J), Mered (H4778) and Epher (H6081H)
§ Jalon = "Jehovah lodges"
a son of Ezra and a descendant of Caleb
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ja'-lon (yalon, meaning unknown): In 1Ch 4:17, a son of Ezrah, a Judahite.
Jalon
Lodger, the last of the four sons of Ezra, of the tribe of Judah (1 Chr. 4:17).
(abiding), one of the sons of Ezra. (1 Chronicles 4:17)
tarrying; murmuring
The Hebrew word הָרָה (*harah*) primarily means to conceive or become pregnant, as noted in various lexicons. It can refer to both literal and figurative conception, and includes nuances such as bearing a child or devising something. The entries also indicate different grammatical forms, including Qal, Pual, and Poel, which reflect various aspects of the root meaning.
הָרָה vb. conceive, become pregnant
Qal
lit. conceive, become pregnant
metaph.
Pu. a man hath been conceived
Po. conceive, contrive, devise
base
H2029 הָרָה conceive, become pregnant
2029 harah haw-raw'
a primitive root; to be (or become) pregnant, conceive
(literally or figuratively):--been, be with child, conceive,
progenitor.
הָרָה (ha.rah) — to conceive.
1) to conceive, become pregnant, bear, be with child, be conceived, progenitor
1a)(Qal) to conceive, become pregnant
1b) (Pual) to be conceived
1c) (Poel) to conceive, contrive, devise
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqw3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
מִרְיָם (Miryam) refers to two women in the Old Testament: the elder sister of Moses and Aaron, and a possible Judahite mentioned in 1 Chronicles. The name is associated with the meaning 'rebellion.' The entries indicate some uncertainty regarding the lineage of the Judahite Miriam, with differing views on her parentage.
מִרְיָם n.pr.f. et m.
f. sister of Moses Aaron
m. (prob.) a Judahite
base
H4813 מִרְיָם . f. sister of Moses Aaron
. m. (prob.) a Judahite
4813 Miryam meer-yawm'
from 4805; rebelliously; Mirjam, the name of two
Israelitesses:--Miriam.
see HEBREW for 04805
מִרְיָם (mir.yam) — Miriam.
A woman of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Exo.15.20;
daughter of: Amram (H6019) and Jochebed (H3115);
sister of: Moses (H4872) and Aaron (H0175)
§ Miriam = "rebellion"
1) elder sister of Moses and Aaron
2) a woman of Judah
מִרְיָם (mir.yam) — Miriam.
A woman of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
daughter of: Mered (H4778)(?) and Bithiah (H1332);
sister of: Shammai (H8060I) and Ishbah (H3431);
half-sister of: Jered (H3382H)(?), Heber (H2268I)(?) and Jekuthiel (H3354)(?)
§ Miriam = "rebellion"
1) elder sister of Moses and Aaron
2) a woman of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
mir'-i-am (miryam; Septuagint and the New Testament Mariam; English Versions of the Bible of the New Testament "Mary"):
(1) Daughter of Amram and Jochebed, and sister of Aaron and Moses. It is probable that it was she who watched the ark of bulrushes in which the child Moses was laid (Ex 2:4). She associated herself with her brothers in the exodus, is called "the prophetess," and led the choir of maidens who sang the triumph-song after the crossing of the Red Sea (Ex 15:20 f). Along with Aaron, she opposed Moses at Hazeroth (Nu 12:1-5). She was smitten with leprosy in punishment, but on Aaron's intercession was pardoned and healed (Nu 12:10-15). She died and was buried at…
Miriam
Their rebellion. (1.) The sister of Moses and Aaron (Ex. 2:4-10; 1 Chr. 6:3). Her name is prominent in the history of the Exodus. She is called “the prophetess” (Ex. 15:20). She took the lead in the song of triumph after the passage of the Red Sea. She died at Kadesh during the second encampment at that place, toward the close of the wanderings in the wilderness, and was buried there (Num. 20:1). (See AARON; MOSES.)
(2.) 1 Chr. 4:17, one of the descendants of Judah.
(rebellion), the sister of Moses, was the eldest of that sacred family; and she first appears, probably as a young girl, watching her infant brother’s cradle in the Nile, (Exodus 2:4) and suggesting her mother as a nurse. ver. 7. After the crossing of the Red Sea "Miriam the prophetess" is her acknowledged title. ch. (Exodus 15:20) The prophetic power showed itself in her under the same form as that which it assumed in the days of Samuel and David, --poetry, accompanied with music and processions. ch. (Exodus 15:1-19) She took the lead, with Aaron, in the complaint against Moses for his marriage with a Cushite, (Numbers 12:1,2) and for this was attacked with leprosy. This…
The sister of Moses and Aaron, probably the one who watched over Moses in the ark of bulrushes, Ex 2:4,5 Nu 26 59 Mic 6 4. As a prophetess, she led the women of Israel in their song of worship and thanksgiving to God on the drowning of the Egyptians, Ex 15:20,21. Her jealous murmurs against Moses and his Cushite wife were punished by a temporary leprosy, Nu 12:1-16 De 24:9; but she was forgiven and restored, and near the close of the wandering of Israel, died at Kadwshbarnea, Nu 20:1.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
שַׁמַּי (Shammay) refers to a name meaning "desolate" and is associated with three individuals from the tribe of Judah. The entries indicate that Shammai is a personal name linked to various genealogies in the Old Testament, particularly in 1 Chronicles, where he is mentioned as a descendant of Jerahmeel and other ancestors. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שַׁמַּי n.pr.m. in Judah
base
H8060 שַׁמַּי
8060 Shammay sham-mah'-ee
from 8073; destructive; Shammai, the name of three
Israelites:--Shammai.
see HEBREW for 08073
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.28;
son of: Onam (H0208H);
brother of: Jada (H3047);
father of: Nadab (H5070I) and Abishur (H0051)
§ Shammai = "desolate"
1) a Judaite, son of Onam and descendant of Jerahmeel
2) a Judaite, son of Rekem, father of Maon, and descendant of Jerahmeel's brother, Caleb
3) a Judaite, son of Mered and brother of Miriam and Ishbah
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.44;
son of: Rekem (H7552I);
father of: Maon (H4584H)
§ Shammai = "desolate"
1) a Judaite, son of Onam and descendant of Jerahmeel
2) a Judaite, son of Rekem, father of Maon, and descendant of Jerahmeel's brother, Caleb
3) a Judaite, son of Mered and brother of Miriam and Ishbah
שַׁמַּי (sham.may) — Shammai.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(desolate). The son of Onam. (1 Chronicles 2:28,32) Son of Rekem. (1 Chronicles 2:44,45) One of the descendants of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:17)
my name; my desolations
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
יִשְׁבַּח (Yishbach) means 'he will praise' and refers to a man named Ishbah, an Israelite from the tribe of Judah. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:17 as the son of Mered and Bithiah, and has several siblings. The name is derived from the root word for praise, which is linked to H7623.
יִשְׁבַּח n.pr.m. in Judah;—1 Ch 4:17
ref
H3431 יִשְׁבַּח
3431 Yishbach yish-bakh'
from 7623; he will praise; Jishbach, an Israelite:--Ishbah.
see HEBREW for 07623
יִשְׁבַּח (yish.bach) — Ishbah.
A man of the tribe of Judah(?) living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.17;
son of: Mered (H4778) and Bithiah (H1332);
brother of: Miriam (H4813H) and Shammai (H8060I);
half-brother of: Jered (H3382H)(?), Heber (H2268I)(?) and Jekuthiel (H3354)(?); married to Hodiah (H1940)(?);
father of: son_of_Hodiah (H3431H)(?)
§ Ishbah = "he will praise"
father of Eshtemoa and descendant of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ish'-ba (yishbach): A member of the tribe of Judah, father of Eshtemoa (1Ch 4:17).
(praising), a man in the line of Judah, commemorated as the "father of Eshtemos." (1 Chronicles 4:17)
→ Father of Eshtemoa 1Ch 4:17
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (Eshtmoa) refers to a Levitical city in the mountainous region of Judah, south of Hebron. The name is derived from a root suggesting obedience and is associated with meanings like 'I will make myself heard.' There are variations in the name, including אֶשְׁתְּמֹה (Eshtemoh), which carries different connotations.
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹה n.pr.loc. Levitical city in mountain-country of Judah, south of Hebron
base
H851 אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ, אֶשְׁתְּמֹעַ
851 'Eshtmoa` esh-tem-o'-ah
or bEshtmowam {esh-tem-o'-ah}; or sEshtmoh {esh-tem-o'}; from
8085 (in the sense of obedience); Eshtemoa or Eshtemoh, a
place in Palestine:--Eshtemoa, Eshtemoh.
see HEBREW for 08085
אֶשְׁתְּמוֹעַ (esh.te.mo.a) — Eshtemoa.
§ Eshtemoa = "I will make myself heard" Eshtemoh = "I shall cause my own ruin: fire of astonishment: I shall soar aloft"
a Levitical city in Judah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
esh-te-mo'-a, esh'-te-mo-a ('eshtemoa`):
A Levitical city in the hill country of Judah (Jos 21:14; 1Ch 6:57); Eshtemoh ('eshtemoh, Jos 15:50). In 1ch 4:17,19, Eshtemoa is said to be a Maacathite and "son" of Ishbah. David after routing the Amalekites sent a present to his friends in (among other places) Eshtemoa (1Sa 30:28).
It is now es-Semu`a, a considerable village of evident antiquity some 8 miles South of Hebron.
Eshtemoa
Obedience, a town in the mountains of Judah (Josh. 21:14; 1 Chr. 6:57), which was allotted, with the land round it, to the priests. It was frequented by David and his followers during their wanderings; and he sent presents of the spoil of the Amalekites to his friends there (1 Sam. 30:28). It is identified with es-Semu’a, a village about 3 1/2 miles east of Socoh, and 7 or 8 miles south of Hebron, around which there are ancient remains of the ruined city. It is the centre of the “south country” or Negeb. It is also called “Eshtemoh” (Josh. 15:50).
and in shorter form Eshtemoh (obedience), a town of Judah in the mountains, (Joshua 15:50) allotted to the priest. (Joshua 21:14; 1 Chronicles 6:57) It was one of the places frequented by David and his followers during the long period of their wanderings. (1 Samuel 30:28) comp. 1Sam 30:31 Its site is at Semu’a , a village seven miles south of Hebron.