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1 Chronicles 5:8 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוּבֶ֙לַע֙ בֶּן־ עָזָ֔ז בֶּן־ שֶׁ֖מַע בֶּן־ יוֹאֵ֑ל ה֚וּא יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּעֲרֹעֵ֔ר וְעַד־ נְב֖וֹ וּבַ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן׃

BSAand BelaBelaʻ [son of destruction] sonbên of AzazʻÂzâz the sonbên of ShemaShemaʻ [meaning 'hear' or 'listen'] the sonbên of JoelYôwʼêl [Jehovah is God] Theyhûwʼ settledyâshab [dwelt, remained] in AroerʻĂrôwʻêr [a place of ruins] and as far asʻad [till, up to] NeboNᵉbôw [a mountain in Moab] and Baal-meonBaʻal Mᵉʻôwn [a town in Reuben, a place of idolatry]

Word
Listen & take away1 Chronicles 5
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (me.'on) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
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1 Chronicles 5:8quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse lists the genealogy of Bela, a descendant of the tribe of Benjamin, and describes where his descendants settled.
Who is speakingThe chronicler, recounting the genealogies of the tribes of Israel.
Where we areIn the genealogical records of the Israelites, specifically focusing on the descendants of Benjamin.
The hard wordבֶּ֙לַע֙
Take awayBela's lineage is traced back to significant ancestors, highlighting the importance of genealogy in Israelite culture.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them › clause subjectהוּא verbיָשַׁב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 14 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 5:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Genealogy of the Tribe of Benjamingenerated

7His relatives by their clans are recorded in their genealogy: Jeiel the chief, Zechariah,
8and Bela son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. They settled in Aroer and as far as Nebo and Baal-meon.
9They also settled in the east as far as the edge of the desert that extends to the Euphrates River, because their livestock had increased in the land of Gilead.
10During the days of Saul they waged war against the Hagrites, who were defeated at their hands, and they occupied the homes of the Hagrites throughout the region east of Gilead.

1 Chronicles 5:8 details the lineage of Bela, son of Azaz, and his ancestors, connecting him to the broader narrative of the tribe of Benjamin. This genealogy serves to establish the identity and heritage of the tribe, which is significant in the context of Israel's history and territorial claims. The mention of their settlements in Aroer, Nebo, and Baal-meon indicates their geographical distribution and the importance of these locations in the biblical narrative.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Chronicles 5:4The descendants of Joel: Shemaiah his son, Gog his son, Shimei his son,
2Numbers 32:34And the Gadites built up Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,
3Deuteronomy 2:35We carried off for ourselves only the livestock and the plunder from the cities we captured.
4Joshua 13:15–21This is what Moses had given to the clans of the tribe of Reuben:
5Isaiah 17:2The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word בֶּ֙לַע֙, u.Ve.la'generated

The name בֶּ֙לַע֙ (Bela) is derived from a root meaning 'destruction.' It refers to a prominent figure in the genealogies of Israel, specifically as a son of Azaz and a descendant of Benjamin. The parsing indicates it is a proper noun, specifically a masculine name, and it appears frequently in the genealogical lists of the Old Testament.

Bela's significance is not only in his lineage but also in the implications of his name, which suggests themes of destruction and survival, particularly in the context of the cities and regions associated with his descendants.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is governed by the subject בֶּ֙לַע֙, Bela, followed by a series of noun phrases that name his lineage and describe where they settled. The structure emphasizes the genealogical connections and the geographical context of their settlements.

The order of the names and phrases reflects the traditional Hebrew style of genealogy, which often lists ancestors and descendants in a linear fashion, highlighting familial relationships.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates בֶּ֙לַע֙ as βαλεκ, which shows a direct correspondence to the Hebrew name. This choice reflects a straightforward transliteration rather than an interpretive translation, maintaining the name's significance.

The use of βαλεκ also indicates continuity in the genealogical tradition, as the Septuagint often sought to preserve the names and identities of biblical figures for Greek-speaking audiences.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

1 Chronicles 5:8 lists Bela, son of Azaz, and traces his lineage back to Joel. It describes where Bela's descendants settled, including Aroer, Nebo, and Baal-meon, which are significant locations in the biblical narrative.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the name Bela mean?

The name Bela means 'destruction' and is associated with several figures and a city in the Old Testament.

Why is genealogy important in this context?

Genealogy is important as it establishes the identity and heritage of the tribes of Israel, connecting them to their ancestral lands and histories.

What is the significance of the locations mentioned?

The locations Aroer, Nebo, and Baal-meon are significant as they represent the territories settled by Bela's descendants, reflecting their place in the broader narrative of Israel's history.

Who are the ancestors of Bela mentioned in this verse?

Bela is identified as the son of Azaz, who is the son of Shema, and the son of Joel, highlighting his lineage within the tribe of Benjamin.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What can we learn from the genealogies in the Bible about the importance of family and heritage?
  2. How do the names and meanings of individuals in this verse reflect their character or role in biblical history?
  3. In what ways do the settlements of Bela's descendants contribute to our understanding of ancient Israelite geography?
  4. How does the study of genealogies enhance our comprehension of the narrative flow in the Old Testament?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 5:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel,.... The pedigree of Bela, another principal man in the tribe of Reuben, is traced up to Joel the father of Shema; the same with Shemaiah,

Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 5 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And his brethren by their families, when the genealogy of their generations was reckoned, were the chief, Jeiel, and Zechariah, No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 5 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Who dwelt, to wit, the Reubenites, all these here before mentioned, as appears both by the following verses, which relate to the whole tribe; and by the agreement of this description of their inheritance with that, ,16.

Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 5 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8) Bela.—His descent is traced, like that of Beerah. but through fewer names. This does not necessarily imply that Bela and Beerah were not contemporaries. Intermediate names are often omitted in genealogies. (See Joshua 7:18 : “Achan son of Carmi son of Zabdi son of Zerah,” and 1 Chronicles 5:24, “Achan son of Zerah,” and the different lengths of the pedigrees of Heman, Asaph, and Ethan in 1 Chronicles 6:33-47.) It is not likely that the Joel of 1 Chronicles 5:8 is the same as the Joel of 1 Chronicles 5:4, in spite of the further coincidence of Shema-Shemiah. Who dwelt.—He was dwelling, that is, he and his clan.Aroer.—Now Arâ’ir, on the north bank of the Arnon (Joshua 12:2). Nebo, a place…

Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 5 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. Who dwelt in Aroer] This town was situated on the river Arnon; and Nebo was both a city and a mountain in the same country. They both lay on the other side of Jordan.

Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 5 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. Aroer] now ‘Ar‘âir, a heap of ruins near the wâdy Mojib, i.e. the Arnon (Joshua 12:2). It passed from Sihon king of the Amorites into the hands of the Reubenites at the Conquest (ib. Joshua 13:16). See Bädeker, p. 191. Nebo and Baal-meon] A line drawn due N. from Aroer (see last note), passes close first to Ma‘in (which may be Baal-meon) and then to Jebel Nebâ, which evidently preserves the name of Mount Nebo. Baal-meon] called more correctly Beth-baal-meon Joshua 13:17.

Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 5 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

and Bela son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. They settled in Aroer and as far as Nebo and Baal-meon.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who lived in Aroer, even to Nebo and Baal Meon;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

and Bela son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel. They settled in Aroer and as far as Nebo and Baal-meon.

NETBNew English Translation2006

and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel. They lived in Aroer as far as Nebo and Baal Meon.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:

RVARevised Version, American1894

and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-meon:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, even to Nebo, and Baal-meon:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Bela the sonne of Azaz, the sonne of Shema, the sonne of Ioel, which dwelt in Aroer, euen vnto Nebo and Baal meon.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who dwelt in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal-meon;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel — he is dwelling in Aroer, even unto Nebo and Baal-Meon;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and Bela son of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel—he is dwelling in Aroer, even to Nebo and Ba‘al-Meon;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And Bela' the son of 'Azaz, the son of Shema', the son of Joel, who dwelt in 'Aro'er, and as far as Nebo and Ba'al-me'on;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Bela son of Azaz son of Shema son of Joel. They lived in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal Meon,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And Bala the son of Azaz, the son of Samma, the son of Joel, dwelt in Aroer as far as Nebo, and Beelmeon.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

and Bela of Azaz, son of Shema, son of Joel. They lived from Aroer to Nebo and Baal Meon.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And Bela, the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who was living in Aroer, as far as Nebo and Baal-meon;

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausenoun phrase · predicateבֶ֨לַע֙Belanoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseעָזָ֔זof.Azaznoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseשֶׁ֖מַעof.Shemanoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonיוֹאֵ֑לof.Joelclausesubjectה֚וּאheverbיוֹשֵׁ֣ב[was].dwellingprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseבַּinעֲרֹעֵ֔רAroerוְandprepositional phraseעַדtonoun phraseנְב֖וֹNeboוּand

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with 13 of the 14 words matched. The differences in word order and the inclusion of articles in the Septuagint reflect its own linguistic style, but the essential genealogical content remains consistent.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּבֶ֙לַע֙ בֶּן־ עָזָ֔ז בֶּן־ שֶׁ֖מַע בֶּן־ יוֹאֵ֑ל ה֚וּא יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּעֲרֹעֵ֔ר וְעַד־ נְב֖וֹ וּבַ֥עַל מְעֽוֹן׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּבֶ֙לַע֙βαλεκבֶּן־υἱὸςעָזָ֔זοζουζבֶּן־υἱὸςשֶׁ֖מַעσαμαבֶּן־υἱὸςיוֹאֵ֑לιωηλה֚וּאοὗτοςיוֹשֵׁ֣בκατῴκησενבַּעֲרֹעֵ֔רαροηρוְעַד־ἐπὶנְב֖וֹναβαυוּבַ֥עַלκαὶ

13 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

1 Chronicles 5:8בֶ֫לַעand Belaand Belaבֶ֫לַעבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןעָזָזAzazAzazעָזָזבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןשֶׁ֫מַעShemaShemaשֶׁ֫מַעבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןיוֹאֵלJoelJoelיוֹאֵלהוּאheheהוּאיָשַׁב[was] dwell[was] dwellingיָשַׁבעֲרֹעֵרin Aroerin Aroerעֲרֹעֵרעַדand toand toעַדנְבוֹNeboNeboנְבוֹבַּ֫עַלand Baaland Baalבַּ֫עַלבַּ֫עַלMeonMeonבַּ֫עַלבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהבַּ֫עַלBaalBaalבַּ֫עַלעָזַזbe strongbe strongעָזַזיהוהThe LordThe Lordיהוהבֶ֫לַעswallowingswallowingבֶ֫לַעשֶׁ֫מַעsoundsoundשֶׁ֫מַעעֲרוֹעֵרjuniperjuniperעֲרוֹעֵרעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדעַמּוֹןAmmonAmmonעַמּוֹןרְאוּבֵןReubenReubenרְאוּבֵןבֵּיתבֵּיתאַשְׁבֵּלAshbelAshbelאַשְׁבֵּלבֶּ֫כֶרBecherBecherבֶּ֫כֶרבֵּןson: childson: childבֵּןאֲבִיָּ֫הוּAbijahAbijahאֲבִיָּ֫הוּעֲזַרְיָ֫הוּAzariahAzariahעֲזַרְיָ֫הוּטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאעֵתtimetimeעֵת
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 5:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
וּבֶ֙לַע֙u.Ve.la' and Bela H1106 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Bela is a name in the Bible, given to a place and to people, including an Edomite and Israelites. It means destruction and is also the name of a city that was spared when Lot intervened, and was later called Zoar.
Amplified meaning
son of destruction
Tyndale gloss
Bela
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֶ֫לַע (Bela) refers to a name associated with multiple figures and a city in the Old Testament. It includes a king of Edom, the first son of Benjamin, and a Reubenite. The name also denotes a city, which is another name for Zoar, spared during Lot's intercession. The meaning of Bela is noted as "destruction."

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֶ֫לַע n.pr.m.

a king of Edom

1st son of Benjamin

a Reubenite

base

בֶּ֫לַע n.pr.loc. city = צֹעַר q.v. Gn 14:2, 6.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1106a בֶ֫לַע . a king of Edom

. 1st son of Benjamin

. a Reubenite

H1106b בֶּ֫לַע city

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1106 Bela` beh'-lah

the same as 1105; Bela, the name of a place, also of an

Edomite and of two Israelites:--Bela.

see HEBREW for 01105

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֶּ֫לַע (be.la) — Bela.

A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.21;

son of: Benjamin (H1144);

brother of: Becher (H1071), Ashbel (H0788), Gera (H1617), Naaman (H5283), Ehi (H0278), Rosh (H7220), Muppim (H4649), Huppim (H2650H), Ard (H0714), Ahiram (H0297) and Jediael (H3043);

father of: Ard (H0714H), Naaman (H5283H), Ezbon (H0675H), Uzzi (H5813I), Uzziel (H5816I), Jerimoth (H3406), Iri (H5901), Addar (H0146H), Gera (H1617I), Abihud (H0031), Abishua (H0050H) and Ahoah (H0265)

Also named: bal.i (בַּלְעִי "Belaite" H1108)

§ Bela = "destruction"

1) a king of Edom

2) first son of Benjamin

3) a son of Ahaz, a Reubenite

בֶּ֫לַע (be.la) — Bela.

Bela = "destruction"

one of the five cities of the plain which was spared at the intercession of Lot, and received the name of Zoar

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be'-la.

See ZOAR.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Bela

A thing swallowed. (1.) A city on the shore of the Dead Sea, not far from Sodom, called also Zoar. It was the only one of the five cities that was spared at Lot’s intercession (Gen. 19:20,23). It is first mentioned in Gen. 14:2,8.

(2.) The eldest son of Benjamin (Num. 26:38; “Belah,” Gen. 46:21).

(3.) The son of Beor, and a king of Edom (Gen. 36:32, 33; 1 Chr. 1:43).

(4.) A son of Azaz (1 Chr. 5:8).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(destruction). One of the five cities of the plain which was spared at the intercession of Lot, and received the name of Zoar, (Genesis 14:2; 19:22) [ZOAR] Son of Beor, who reigned over Edom in the city of Dinhabah, eight generations before Saul. (Genesis 36:31-33; 1 Chronicles 1:43,44) Eldest son of Benjamin, according to (Genesis 46:21) (Authorized Version "Belah"); (Numbers 26:38,40; 1 Chronicles 7:6; 8:1) and head of the family of the Belaites. Son of Ahaz, a Reubenite. (1 Chronicles 5:8)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary
and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
עָזָ֔ז'a.Zaz Azaz H5811 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Azaz was an Israelite from the tribe of Reuben, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 5:8 as the son of Shema and father of Bela. His name means strong. He lived during the Divided Monarchy period.
Tyndale gloss
Azaz
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָזָז (‘Azaz) is a proper name meaning 'strong.' It refers to a man from the tribe of Reuben, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 5:8 as the son of Shema and the father of Bela. The word is built from the root that conveys strength.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָזָז n.pr.m. Reubenite name 1 Ch 5:8

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5811 עָזָז

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5811 `Azaz aw-zawz'

from 5810; strong; Azaz, an Israelite:--Azaz.

see HEBREW for 05810

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָזָז (a.zaz) — Azaz.

A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.8;

son of: Shema (H8087H);

father of: Bela (H1106H)

§ Azaz = "strong"

a Reubenite, father of Bela

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-zaz `azaz, ("powerful"): A descendant of Reuben (1Ch 5:8).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(strong), a Reubenite, father of Bela. (1 Chronicles 5:8)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

strong one

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Father of Bela 1Ch 5:8

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
שֶׁ֖מַעShe.ma' Shema H8087 Noun proper masculine
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Shema is a name and a place in the Bible, meaning 'hear' or 'listen'. It appears in Nehemiah and other books as the name of several Israelites and a location in Palestine.
Amplified meaning
meaning 'hear' or 'listen'
Tyndale gloss
Shema
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֶׁ֫מַע (Shema) refers to a name meaning "hear" and is associated with several individuals from different tribes, including Judah, Reuben, and Benjamin. The entries highlight four notable figures named Shema, each linked to specific genealogies and events in the Old Testament, particularly during the Divided Monarchy and the Exile and Return.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֶׁ֫מַע n.pr.m.

in Judah

in Reuben

in Benj.

post-ex.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8087 שֶׁ֫מַע

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8087 Shema` sheh'-mah

for the same as 8088; Shema, the name of a place in Palestine

and of four Israelites:--Shema.

see HEBREW for 08088

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֶׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — Shema.

A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.43;

son of: Hebron (H2275I);

brother of: Korah (H7141J), Tappuah (H8599A) and Rekem (H7552I);

father of: Raham (H7357)

§ Shema = "hear"

1) a Reubenite, son of Joel, father of Azaz, and grandfather of Bela

2) a Judaite, son of Hebron and father of Raham

3) a Benjamite, son of Elpaal who along with his brother Beriah were heads of their fathers houses in Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath. Probably the same as 'Shimhi'

4) an Israelite who stood on the right hand of Ezra as he read the Law to the people

שֶׁ֫מַע (she.ma) — Shema.

A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.8;

son of: Joel (H3100J);

father of: Azaz (H5811)

§ Shema = "hear"

1) a Reubenite, son of Joel, father of Azaz, and grandfather of Bela

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Shema

Rumour. (1.) A Reubenite (1 Chr. 5:8).

(2.) A Benjamite (1 Chr. 8:13).

(3.) One who stood by Ezra when he read the law (Neh. 8:4).

(4.) A town in the south of Judah (Josh. 15:26); the same as Sheba (ver. 5).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

A Reubenite, ancestor of Bela. (1 Chronicles 5:8) (B.C. before 1090.) Son of Elpaal. (1 Chronicles 8:13) Probably the same as Shimhi. (B.C. after 1450.) One of those who stood at Ezra’s right hand when he read the law to the people. (Nehemiah 8:4) (B.C. 458.) (Joshua 15:26) [SHEBA]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

hearing; obeying

Nave's Topical Bible

1. A city of the tribe of Judah Jos 15:26

2. A son of Hebron 1Ch 2:43,44

3. Son of Joel 1Ch 5:8

Called SHEMAIAH 1Ch 5:4

4. A Benjamite 1Ch 8:13

5. A man who stood at the right hand of Ezra when he read the law to the people Ne 8:4

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
יוֹאֵ֑לyo.'El Joel H3100 Noun proper masculine
20× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Joel means Jehovah is God, the name of twelve Israelites, including a minor prophet who wrote the book of Joel. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 6:24 and his book is one of the minor prophets in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
Jehovah is God
Tyndale gloss
Joel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹאֵל (Yow'el) means 'Jehovah is God' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including the second of the twelve minor prophets. The name is associated with various figures, such as Samuel's eldest son and leaders from the tribes of Simeon, Reuben, and Gad. The entries highlight a range of roles, from prophets to warriors, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹאֵל n.pr.m. (usu. interpr. as י׳ is God)

Samuel’s firstborn

a Simeonite prince

a Reubenite

a Gadite chief

a chief man of Issachar

one of David’s heroes

a chief of Manasseh

a Jew of Ezra’s time

a Benjamite

the prophet, son of Pethuel

Levites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3100 יוֹאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3100 Yow'el yo-ale'

from 3068 and 410; Jehovah (is his) God; Joel, the name of

twelve Israelites:--Joel.

see HEBREW for 03068

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹאֵל (yo.el) — Joel.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.8.2;

son of: Samuel (H8050);

brother of: Abijah (H0029);

father of: Heman (H1968I); also translated "second" at 1Ch.6.28;

Also named: vash.ni (וַשְׁנִי "`second`" H2059)

§ Joel = "Jehovah is God"

1) son of Pethuel and the 2nd of the 12 minor prophets with a book by his name; probably prophesied in the time of king Uzziah of Judah

2) eldest son of Samuel the prophet and father of Heman the singer

3) a Simeonite chief

4) a Reubenite

5) a chief of Gad

6) son of Izrahiah and a chief of Issachar

7) brother of Nathan of Zobah and one of David's mighty warriors

8) son of Pedaiah and a chief of the half tribe of Manasseh west of the Jordan in the time of David

9) a son of Nebo who returned with Ezra and had a foreign wife

10) a Benjamite, son of Zichri

11) a Levite

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Joel

Jehovah is his God. (1.) The oldest of Samuel’s two sons appointed by him as judges in Beersheba (1 Sam. 8:2). (See VASHNI.) (2.) A descendant of Reuben (1 Chr. 5:4,8). (3.) One of David’s famous warriors (1 Chr. 11:38). (4.) A Levite of the family of Gershom (1 Chr. 15:7, 11). (5.) 1 Chr. 7:3. (6.) 1 Chr. 27:20. (7.) The second of the twelve minor prophets. He was the son of Pethuel. His personal history is only known from his book.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(to whom Jehovah is God). Eldest son of Samuel the prophet, (1 Samuel 8:2; 1 Chronicles 6:33; 15:17) and father of Heman the singer. (B.C. 1094.) In (1 Chronicles 6:36) Authorized Version, Joel seems to be merely a corruption of Shaul in ver. 24. A Simeonite chief. (1 Chronicles 4:35) A descendant of Reuben. Junius and Tremellius make him the son of Hanoeh, while others trace his descent through Carmi. (1 Chronicles 5:4) (B.C. before 1092.) Chief of the Gadites, who dwelt in the land of Bashan. (1 Chronicles 5:12) (B.C. 782.) The son of Izrahiah, of the tribe of…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

One of the minor prophets, of whom nothing is known beyond the few hints furnished in his brief but valuable prophecy. He lived in the kingdom of Judah, and at a time when the temple and temple-worship still existed, Joe 1:14 2:1,15,32 3:1. Different authors assign to his prophecy different dates, but the prevailing opinion is that he prophesied in the reign of Uzziah, nearly 800 B. C.

The BOOK of JOEL opens with a most graphic and powerful description of the devastation caused by swarms of divers kinds of locusts, accompanied by a terrible drought. The plague of locusts, one of the most dreadful scourges of the East, (see LOCUSTS,) is highly suggestive of an invasion of hostile legions such as have often ravaged Judea; and many have understood, by the locusts of Joel, the Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks, or Romans. The prophet, however…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

he that wills or commands

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
ה֚וּאhu' he H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
יוֹשֵׁ֣בyo.Shev [was] dwelling H3427 Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
1,079× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
dwelt, remained
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell

Qal

sit

sit, sit down

sit down

sit = be set (as a jewel)

remain, stay, tarry

with special emphasis of qualifying phr.

dwell, have one’s abode

of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited

Niph. be inhabited, of land

Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee

Hiph.

cause to sit

cause to abide

cause to dwell

cause cities to be inhabited

marry (prop. give a dwelling to)

Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3427 yashab yaw-shab'

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as

judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to

remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)

abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease

self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)

inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),

(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),

(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),

take, tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.

1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sit, sit down

1a2) to be set

1a3) to remain, stay

1a4) to dwell, have one's abode

1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited

1c) (Piel) to set, place

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to sit

1d2) to cause to abide, set

1d3) to cause to dwell

1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited

1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be inhabited

1e2) to make to dwell

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singular
HVqrmsa
and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
בַּעֲרֹעֵ֔רba.'a.ro.'Er in Aroer H6177 Preposition · noun proper
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Aroer is a place name in the Bible, referring to three different locations in or near Palestine. The name means ruins, and it is mentioned in the book of Joshua. This place was significant in biblical times.
Amplified meaning
a place of ruins
Tyndale gloss
Aroer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲרֹעֵר (Aroer) refers to a city name meaning "ruins". It denotes three locations: one on the northern bank of the Arnon River, another near Rabbah in Ammon, and a third in southern Judah. The entries suggest a geographical significance in the context of ancient Israelite territory.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲרֹעֵר 10, עֲרוֹעֵר 5, עַרְעֹר 1 n.pr.loc.

city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.

city near Rabbah in Ammon

city in S. Judah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6177 עֲרֹעֵר, עֲרוֹעֵר, עַרְעֹר . city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.

. city near Rabbah in Ammon

. city in S. Judah

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6177 `Arow`er ar-o-ayr'

or `Aro`er {ar-o-ayr'}; or `Ar`owr {ar-ore'}; the same as

6176; nudity of situation; Aroer, the name of three places in

or near Palestine:--Aroer.

see HEBREW for 06176

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.

Aroer = "ruins"

a city in Ammon near the Jabbok belonging to Gad

Also named: a.ro.e.ri (עֲרֹעֵרִי "Aroerite" H6200)

עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.

§ Aroer = "ruins"

a city on the north bank of the river Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon the king of the Amorites and later of Reuben; modern 'Arair'

עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.

§ Aroer = "ruins"

a town in southern Judah

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper
HR/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-ro'-er (`aro'er; Aroer):

(1) A city of the Amorites which stood on the northern edge of the Arnon (De 2:36, etc.). Taken by Israel, it shared the vicissitudes of the country north of the river, and when last named (Jer 48:19) is again in the hands of Moab. It is one of the cities which Mesha claims to have built, i.e. fortified. It was within the territory allotted to Reuben, yet its building (fortification) is attributed to Gad (Nu 32:34). Thus far came the Syrian, Hazael, in his raid upon Israel (2Ki 10:33). The Roman road across the valley lay about an hour to the West of Khirbet `Ara`ir.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Aroer

Ruins. (1.) A town on the north bank of the Arnon (Deut. 4:48; Judg. 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33), the southern boundary of the kingdom of Sihon (Josh. 12:2). It is now called Arair, 13 miles west of the Dead Sea.

(2.) One of the towns built by the tribe of Gad (Num. 32:34) “before Rabbah” (Josh. 13:25), the Ammonite capital. It was famous in the history of Jephthah (Judg. 11:33) and of David (2 Sam. 24:5). (Comp.

(ruins). A city on the torrent Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon king of the Amorites and afterwards of the tribe of Reuben, (2:36; 3:12; 4:48; Joshua 12:2; 13:9,16; Judges 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33; 1 Chronicles 5:8) but later again in possession of Moab. (Jeremiah 48:19) It is the modern Ara’ir , upon the very edge of the precipitous north bank of the Wady Mojeb . Aroer, "that is ’facing’ Rahbah" (Rabbah of Ammon), a town built by and belonging to Gad. (Numbers 32:34; Joshua 13:25;

1. An ancient city on the north side of the Arnon, in the southern border of the tribe of Reuben, De 2:36 4:48 Jos 13:9. It was in the territory of the Amorites, Jos 12:2, but seems to have fallen at a later day into the hands of Moab, Jer 48:19. See ARNON.

2. A town in the tribe of God, probably east of Rabbath-Ammon, Jos 13:25, and perhaps on the Jabbok, 2Sa 24:5. It is mentioned in Jud 11:33

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
וְעַד־ve.'ad- and to H5704 Conjunction · preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
till, up to
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
נְב֖וֹne.Vo Nebo H5015 Noun proper
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Nebo refers to a mountain in Moab where Moses died, also a Babylonian deity. The mountain is located east of the Jordan River, opposite Jericho.
Amplified meaning
a mountain in Moab
Tyndale gloss
(Mount) Nebo
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נְבוֹ (nevo) refers to several locations and a deity. It denotes a city in Moab, a city in Judah, and a mountain in Moab where Moses died. Additionally, it represents a Babylonian god associated with learning, akin to Hermes and Mercury. The name is linked to the meaning 'prophet'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נְבוֹ n.pr.loc.

city in Moab

city in Judah

mt. in Moab, where Moses died

base

נְבוֹ n.pr.div. Nebo;—Babylonian god Is 46:1.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5015a נְבוֹ . . city in Moab

. city in Judah

. mt. in Moab, where Moses died

H5015b נְבוֹ Nebo;—Babylonian god

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5015 Nbow neb-o'

probably of foreign derivation; Nebo, the name of a

Babylonian deity, also of a mountain in Moab, and of a place

in Palestine:--Nebo.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.

§ Nebo = "prophet"

a city in Moab and at one time assigned to Reuben; probably located on or near Mount Nebo

נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.

§ Nebo = "prophet"

a Babylonian deity who presided over learning and letters; corresponds to Greek Hermes, Latin Mercury, and Egyptian Thoth

נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — Nebo.

§ Nebo = "prophet"

a city in Judah (maybe Benjamin) from which the families of some exiles, who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel, originally came

נְבוֹ (ne.vo) — (Mount) Nebo.

Nebo = "prophet"

the mountain where Moses died; located east of the Jordan opposite Jericho

Also named: a.va.rim (עֲבָרִים "Abarim" H5682)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Nebo

Proclaimer; prophet. (1.) A Chaldean god whose worship was introduced into Assyria by Pul (Isa. 46:1; Jer. 48:1). To this idol was dedicated the great temple whose ruins are still seen at Birs Nimrud. A statue of Nebo found at Calah, where it was set up by Pul, king of Assyria, is now in the British Museum.

(2.) A mountain in the land of Moab from which Moses looked for the first and the last time on the Promised Land (Deut. 32:49; 34:1). It has been identified with Jebel Nebah, on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea, near its northern end, and about 5 miles south-west of Heshbon. It was the summit of the ridge of Pisgah (q.v.), which was a part of the range of the “mountains of Abarim.” It is about 2,643 feet in height, but…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

A town of Reuben on the east side of Jordan. (Numbers 32:3,38) In the remarkable prophecy adopted by Isaiah, (Isaiah 15:2) and Jeremiah, (Jeremiah 48:1,26) concerning Moab, Nebo is mentioned in the same connection as before, but in the hands of Moab. Eusebius and Jerome identify it with Nobah or Kerrath, and place it eight miles South of Heshbon, where the ruins of el-Habis appear to stand at present. (Prof. Paine identifies it with some ruins on Mount Nebo, a mile south of its summit, and Dr. Robinson seems to agree with this. --ED.) The children of Nebo returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:29; 10:43; Nehemiah 7:33) The name occurs between Bethel and Ai and Lydda…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. A town in the vicinity of Bethel and Ai, Ezr 2:29 Ne 7:33.

2. A city of Reuben, Nu 32:38, taken by the Moabites, who held it in the time of Jeremiah, Isa 15:2 Jer 48:1.

3. A mountain of Moab, whence Moses had a view of the promised land, and where he died. It is a summit of the range Abarim, "over against Jericho." Seetzen, Burckhardy, etc., identify it with Mount Attarus, about ten miles north of the Arnon. Travelers do not observe any very prominent summit in the rage immediately opposite Jericho; but it has not yet fully explored, De 32:49 34:1-12.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

that speaks or prophesies

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
וּבַ֥עַלu.Va.'al and Baal H1186 Conjunction · noun proper
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Amplified meaning
a town in Reuben, a place of idolatry
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן n.pr.loc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1186 בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1186 Ba`al M`own bah-al meh-one'

from 1168 and 4583; Baal of (the) habitation (of) (compare

1010); Baal-Meon, a place East of the Jordan:--Baal-meon.

see HEBREW for 01168

see HEBREW for 04583

see HEBREW for 01010

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן (ba.al me.on) — Baal-meon.

§ Baal-meon = "lord of the habitation"

a town in Reuben, mentioned in connection with Nebo, and in the time of Ezekiel, Moabite

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper
HC/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Baal

Lord. (1.) The name appropriated to the principal male god of the Phoenicians. It is found in several places in the plural BAALIM (Judg. 2:11; 10:10; 1 Kings 18:18; Jer. 2:23; Hos. 2:17). Baal is identified with Molech (Jer. 19:5). It was known to the Israelites as Baal-peor (Num. 25:3; Deut. 4:3), was worshipped till the time of Samuel (1 Sam 7:4), and was afterwards the religion of the ten tribes in the time of Ahab (

geographical. This word occurs as the prefix or suffix to the names of several places in Palestine, some of which are as follows: BAAL a town of Simeon, named only in (1 Chronicles 4:33) which from the parallel list in (Joshua 19:8) seems to have been identical with BAALATH-BEER. BAALAH (mistress). A. Another name for KIRJATH-JEARIM, or KIRJATH BAAL, the well-known town now Kuriet el Enab . (Joshua 15:9,10; 1 Chronicles 13:6) b. A town in the south of Judah, (Joshua 15:29) which in Josh 19:3 Is called BALAH, and in the parallel list, (

Lord,

1. In the Old Testament denotes an idol of the Phoenicians, and particularly of the Tyrians, whose worship was also introduced with great solemnities among the Hebrews, and especially at Samaria, along with that of Astarte, Jud 6:25-32 2Ki 10:18,28. See ASHTORETH, plural ASH’TAROTH. The plural, Baalim, signifies images or statues of Baal, Jud 2:11 10:10. Of the extent to which the worship of this idol was domesticated among the Phoenicians and Carthaginians, we have an evidence in the proper names of persons; as, among the former, Ethbaal, Jerubbaal; and among the latter, Hannibal, Asdrubal, etc. Among the Babylonians, the same idol was worshipped under the name of BEL, which is only another form of the word Baal,

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

master; lord

and Bela [the] son of Azaz [the] son of Shema [the] son of Joel he [was] dwelling in Aroer and to Nebo and Baal Meon
מְעֽוֹן׃me.'on Meon H1186 Noun proper
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן n.pr.loc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1186 בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1186 Ba`al M`own bah-al meh-one'

from 1168 and 4583; Baal of (the) habitation (of) (compare

1010); Baal-Meon, a place East of the Jordan:--Baal-meon.

see HEBREW for 01168

see HEBREW for 04583

see HEBREW for 01010

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּ֫עַל מְעוֹן (ba.al me.on) — Baal-meon.

§ Baal-meon = "lord of the habitation"

a town in Reuben, mentioned in connection with Nebo, and in the time of Ezekiel, Moabite

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpl — Noun proper
HNpl
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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