1 Chronicles 8:12 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵ֣י אֶלְפַּ֔עַל עֵ֥בֶר וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם וָשָׁ֑מֶד ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־ אוֹנ֔וֹ וְאֶת־ לֹ֖ד וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, male offspring] of ElpaalʼElpaʻal EberʻÊbêr MishamMishʻâm△ ShemedShemer [constructed, established] ◂whohûwʼ builtbânâh■ [constructed, established] OnoʼÔwnôw [a city in Benjamin, vigorous] and LodLôd [a city in Palestine, Lydda] with its villagesbath [nearby, surrounding, towns, daughter-towns]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵ֣י | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| אֶלְפַּ֔עַל | Elpaal | Noun proper masculine |
| עֵ֥בֶר | Eber | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם | and Misham | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וָשָׁ֑מֶד | and Shemed | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| ה֚וּא | he | Pronoun |
| בָּנָ֣ה | he built | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| אוֹנ֔וֹ | Ono | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| לֹ֖ד | Lod | Noun proper |
| וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃ | and daughters its | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages), |
| KJV | The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof: |
| ASV | And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns thereof; |
| YLT | And sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misheam, and Shamer, (he built Ono and Lod and its small towns), |
| WEB | The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with its towns; |
| BBE | And the sons of Elpaal: Eber and Misham and Shemed (he was the builder of Ono and Lod and their daughter-towns); |
Where they part company is in the descriptions of the cities and their significance — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the sons, while the relative clause provides additional information about Shemed's actions.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהוּא
verbבָּנָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 8:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Benjamingenerated
1 Chronicles 8:12 provides a genealogical account of the descendants of Elpaal, a man from the tribe of Benjamin. This verse highlights the names of Elpaal's sons and their contributions, particularly the construction of the cities Ono and Lod, which were significant locations in the region. This genealogy emphasizes the importance of lineage and heritage in Israelite culture, reflecting the family's role in the community.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezra 2:33 | the men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 725; |
| 2 | Nehemiah 6:2 | Sanballat and Geshem sent me this message: “Come, let us meet together in one of the villages on the plain of Ono.” But they were planning to harm me. |
| 3 | Nehemiah 7:37 | the men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 721; |
| 4 | Nehemiah 11:35 | Lod, and Ono; and in the Valley of the Craftsmen. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בָּנָה, ba.Nahgenerated
The verb בָּנָה (banah) means 'to build' and encompasses various forms such as establishing or repairing. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or a family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of a community or lineage.
In this verse, it indicates that Shemed was responsible for the construction of Ono and Lod, emphasizing the act of creation and establishment in the context of family and heritage.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb בָּנָה, he built, governs the main clause, with a noun phrase as the subject and several noun phrases as objects. The structure emphasizes the act of building, with the cities Ono and Lod as the direct objects of the verb.
The Hebrew word order places the subject before the verb, which is typical in genealogical lists, highlighting the importance of the individuals mentioned.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בָּנָה as ᾠκοδόμησεν, which means 'he constructed.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning and emphasizes the act of building.
The use of a different Greek word for 'built' shows a consistent interpretation of the act of construction, reinforcing the significance of these cities in the historical context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 8:12 lists the sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, and Shemed. It notes that Shemed built the cities of Ono and Lod, along with their surrounding villages, highlighting the contributions of these individuals to their community.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that Shemed played a significant role in establishing these cities, contributing to the development of the region.
The sons of Elpaal mentioned in this verse are Eber, Misham, and Shemed, indicating their lineage within the tribe of Benjamin.
Ono and Lod were important locations in the territory of Benjamin, serving as centers for trade and community.
Genealogy highlights family lineage, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families and individuals.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How can understanding my own family lineage help me appreciate my heritage?
- In what ways can I contribute to my community like Shemed did?
- What does it mean to build something in my life, whether physically, emotionally, or spiritually?
- How can I honor the contributions of those who came before me in my family?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 8:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed,.... Besides those in 1 Chronicles 8:14 who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof; not Shamed, but Elpaal his father, so the Targum; and the
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 8 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd he begat of Hodesh his wife, Jobab, and Zibia, and Mesha, and Malcham, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 8 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Shamer, or Shemer, occurred in 1 Chronicles 7:34 as a clan of Asher. Who built.Ono and Lod. . . .—Literally, he built Ono and Lod and her daughters. The clause is a parenthesis referring to Shemer. Ono, now Kefr Auna, recurs in Ezra 2:33, Nehemiah 7:37; Nehemiah 11:35, but is not found elsewhere in the Old Testament. It is always coupled with Lod, and must have been near it. Lod, the Lydda of Act 9:32, is now the village of Ludd, north of Ramleh, between Jaffa and Jerusalem.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 8 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. Who built Ono, and Lod] The Targum adds, "Which the children of Israel ravaged and burnt with fire, when they made war on the tribe of Benjamin in Gibeah."
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 8 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. Ono, and Lod] Ezra 2:33; Nehemiah 7:37; Nehemiah 11:35. The two places were evidently well-known in post-exilic times, and were doubtless near together. Lod is the Lydda of the N.T. (Acts 9:32). Targ. adds, which the sons of Israel laid waste and burnt with fire, when they made war in Gibeah with the tribe of Benjamin.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 8 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages),
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with its towns;
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its villages),
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (who built Ono and Lod, as well as its surrounding towns),
Tyndale line
The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with the towns thereof:
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns thereof;
And the sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod, with the towns thereof:
The sons of Elpaal; Eber, and Misham, and Shamed, who built Ono, and Lod, with its town:
And the sonnes of Elpaal were Eber, and Misham and Shamed (which built Ono, and Lod, and the villages thereof)
Strictly literal
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misham, and Shemer, who built Ono, and Lod and its dependent villages;
And sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misheam, and Shamer, (he built Ono and Lod and its small towns),
And sons of Elpaal: Eber, and Misheam, and Shamer (he built Ono and Lod and its small towns),
And the sons of Elpa'al: 'Eber, and Mish'am, and Shemer, who built Ono, and Lod, with its villages;
Elpaal's sons were Eber, Misham, and Shemed (who built Ono and Lod with its surrounding villages).
From the Latin
And the sons of Elphaal were Heber, and Misaam, and Samad: who built One, and Led, and its daughters.
Simplified
The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, Shemed (he built Ono and Lod with its nearby towns),
And the sons of Elpaal: Eber and Misham and Shemed (he was the builder of Ono and Lod and their daughter-towns);
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in the wording of 1 Chronicles 8:12, with 9 of the 12 words matched. The Septuagint's word order differs, but the essential meaning remains intact.
וּבְנֵ֣י אֶלְפַּ֔עַל עֵ֥בֶר וּמִשְׁעָ֖ם וָשָׁ֑מֶד ה֚וּא בָּנָ֣ה אֶת־ אוֹנ֔וֹ וְאֶת־ לֹ֖ד וּבְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃
9 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 8:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶלְפַּ֫עַל (Elpa`al) refers to a man from the tribe of Benjamin during the Divided Monarchy, noted in 1 Chronicles 8:11. The name means 'God is maker' and is derived from the words for God and 'to act.' The entries consistently identify Elpaal as a Benjamite and provide details about his family connections.
אֶלְפַּ֫עַל n.pr.m. (God of doing? cf. Ph. פעלאבסת) a Benjamite
base
H508 אֶלְפַּ֫עַל
508 'Elpa`al el-pah'-al
from 410 and 6466; God (is) act; Elpaal, an
Israelite:--Elpaal.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 06466
אֶלְפַּ֫עַל (el.pa.al) — Elpaal.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.8.11;
son of: Shaharaim (H7842) and Hushim (H2366A);
brother of: Jobab (H3103J), Zibia (H6644), Mesha (H4331), Malcam (H4445A), Jeuz (H3263), Sachia (H7634), Mirmah (H4821) and Abitub (H0036);
father of: Eber (H5677I), Misham (H4936), Shemed (H8106B), Beriah (H1283I), Shema (H8087I), Zebadiah (H2069H), Meshullam (H4918J), Hizki (H2395), Heber (H2268J), Ishmerai (H3461), Izliah (H3152), Jobab (H3103K)
§ Elpaal = "God is maker"
a Benjamite
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(God his wages), a Benjamite, son of Hushim and brother of Abitub. (1 Chronicles 8:11) He was the founder of numerous family.
God's work
→ A Benjamite 1Ch 8:11,12,18
The Hebrew word עֵ֫בֶר (*Eber*) refers to a name associated with several individuals in the Old Testament, including a patriarch, a Gadite chief, and various Benjamites. It is derived from a root meaning 'the region beyond.' Notably, Eber is the son of Shelah and the father of Peleg and Joktan, appearing in genealogies and historical contexts.
עֵ֫בֶר n.pr.m. Eber (perh. eponym of Hebrews)
‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad
a Gadite chief
Benjamite names
a priest
base
H5677 עֵ֫בֶר Eber (perh. eponym of Hebrews) . ‘son’ of Shelaḥ, and ‘grandson’ of Arpachshad
. a Gadite chief
. Benjamite names
. a priest
5677 `Eber ay'-ber
the same as 5676; Eber, the name of two patriarchs and four
Israelites:--Eber, Heber.
see HEBREW for 05676
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — Eber.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.10.21;
son of: Shelah (H7974);
father of: Peleg (H6389) and Joktan (H3355)
Also named: Eber (Ἐβέρ "Eber" G1443)
§ Eber or Heber = "the region beyond"
1) son of Salah, great grandson of Shem, father of Peleg and Joktan
2) a Gadite chief
3) a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Sharahaim
4) a Benjamite, son of Shashak
5) a priest in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua
עֵ֫בֶר (e.ver) — Eber.
A man of the tribe of Gad living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.13;
son of: Abihail (H0032I);
brother of: Michael (H4317H), Meshullam (H4918I), Sheba (H7652), Jorai (H3140), Jacan (H3275) and Zia (H2127)
§ Eber or Heber = "the region beyond"
1) son of Salah, great grandson of Shem, father of Peleg and Joktan
2) a Gadite chief
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
e'-ber (`ebher; Eber, in Gen; Obed, in Ch):
(1) Occurs in the genealogies (Ge 10:21,25; 11:14 ff) as the great-grandson of Shem and father of Peleg and Joktan. The word means "the other side," "across," and the form "Hebrew," which is derived from it, is intended to denote the people or tribe who came "from the other, side of the river" (i.e. the Euphrates), from Haran (Ge 11:31), whence Abraham and his dependents migrated to Canaan.
Eber
Beyond. (1.). The third post-duluvian patriach after Shem (Gen. 10:24; 11:14). He is regarded as the founder of the Hebrew race (10:21; Num. 24:24). In Luke 3:35 he is called Heber.
(2.) One of the seven heads of the families of the Gadites (1 Chr. 5:13).
(3.) The oldest of the three sons of Elpaal the Benjamite (8:12).
(4.) One of the heads of the familes of Benjamites in Jerusalem (22).
(5.) The head of the priestly family of Amok in the time of Zerubbabel (Neh. 12:20).
(the region beyond). Son of Salah, and great-grandson of Shem. (Genesis 10:24; 1 Chronicles 1:19) (B.C. 2277-1813.) [For confusion between Eber and Heber see HEBER] Son of Elpaal and descendant of Sharahaim of the tribe of Benjamin. (1 Chronicles 8:12) (B.C. 1400). A priest in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua. (Nehemiah 12:20) (B.C. 445.)
See HEBER.
מִשְׁעָם (Mish`am) is a personal name, specifically an Israelite from the tribe of Benjamin, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 8:12. The name is derived from a root meaning 'inspection' and is associated with purification. Misham is identified as the son of Elpaal and has several brothers listed in the genealogical context.
מִשְׁעָם n.pr.m. name in Benjamin 1 Ch 8:12.
ref
H4936 מִשְׁעָם
4936 Mish`am mish-awm'
apparently from 8159; inspection; Misham, an
Israelite:--Misham.
see HEBREW for 08159
מִשְׁעָם (mish.am) — Misham.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.12;
son of: Elpaal (H0508);
brother of: Eber (H5677I), Shemed (H8106B), Beriah (H1283I), Shema (H8087I), Zebadiah (H2069H), Meshullam (H4918J), Hizki (H2395), Heber (H2268J), Ishmerai (H3461), Izliah (H3152) and Jobab (H3103K)
§ Misham = "purification"
a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Shaharaim
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
mi'-sham (mish`am): A Benjamite, son of Elpaal (1Ch 8:12).
Misham
Their cleansing or their beholding, a Benjamite, one of the sons of Elpaal (1 Chr. 8:12).
(purification), a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and descendant of Shaharaim. (1 Chronicles 8:12)
their savior; taking away
The Hebrew word שֶׁ֫מֶר (*shemer*) refers to a name associated with several individuals in the Old Testament. It includes a Levite, a man from the tribe of Asher, and another from Benjamin, all mentioned during the Divided Monarchy. The name is linked to the owner of the hill where Samaria was built and carries the meaning 'preserved.' There is also a variant spelling, שָׁ֫מֶד (*shemed*), which means 'destroyed' and refers to a Benjamite. The lexicons provide various contexts for these figures.
שֶׁ֫מֶר n.pr.m. (prop. clan-name)
orig. owner of hill where Sam. was built
Levite
in Asher
in Benj.
base
H8106 שֶׁ֫מֶר
8106 Shemer sheh'-mer
the same as 8105; Shemer, the name of three
Israelites:--Shamer, Shemer.
see HEBREW for 08105
שֶׁ֫מֶר (she.mer) — Shemer.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.16.24
§ Shemer or Shamer = "preserved"
1) the owner of the hill where the city of Samaria was built
2) a Merarite Levite, son of Mahli and father of Bani
3) an Asherite, son of Heber and father of Ahi, Rohgah, Jehubbah, and Aram. Also 'Shomer'
שָׁ֫מֶד (she.mer) — Shemed.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.8.12;
son of: Elpaal (H0508);
brother of: Eber (H5677I), Misham (H4936), Beriah (H1283I), Shema (H8087I), Zebadiah (H2069H), Meshullam (H4918J), Hizki (H2395), Heber (H2268J), Ishmerai (H3461), Izliah (H3152) and Jobab (H3103K)
§ Shemed or Shamed = "destroyed"
a Benjamite, son of Elpaal and builder of the towns of Ono and Lod
שֶׁ֫מֶר (she.mer) — Shemer.
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
she'-med.
See SHEMER, (4).
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
Pron — PronounHPp3ms
ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.
The Hebrew word בָּנָה (banah) means "to build" and encompasses various forms such as rebuilding, establishing, and making permanent. It can refer to physical construction, like building a house or family, as well as metaphorical uses, such as the establishment of restored exiles. The entries indicate that it can also imply being built up, particularly in the context of a childless wife becoming a mother.
בָּנָה 373 vb. build
Qal build
Niph.
be built
be rebuilt
(fig.) of restored exiles, = established
established, made permanent
base
H1129 בָּנָה build .build
.. . be built
. be rebuilt
. . (fig.) of restored exiles, = established
. established, made permanent
1129 banah baw-naw'
a primitive root; to build (literally and
figuratively):--(begin to) build(-er), obtain children, make,
repair, set (up), X surely.
בָּנָה (ba.nah) — to build.
1) to build, rebuild, establish, cause to continue
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to build, rebuild
1a2) to build a house (ie, establish a family)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be built
1b2) to be rebuilt
1b3) established (of restored exiles) (fig.)
1b4) established (made permanent)
1b5) to be built up (of childless wife becoming the mother of a family through the children of a concubine)
Aramaic equivalent: be.nah (בְּנָה "to build" H1124)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
אוֹנוֹ (Ownow) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a city in Benjamin, described as 'vigorous.' The entries indicate it may also refer to a valley associated with craftsmen. The word is derived from a root that suggests strength, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אוֹנוֹ n.pr.loc. (vigorous, for אונון) city in Benjamin
base
H207 אוֹנוֹ
207 'Ownow o-no'
or (shortened) ;Onow {o-no'}; prolonged from 202; strong;
Ono, a place in Palestine:--Ono.
see HEBREW for 0202
אוֹנוֹ (o.no) — Ono.
Ono = "vigorous"
city in Benjamin
2) a valley (of craftsman)
Also named: ke.phi.rim (כְּפִירִים "Hakkephirim" H3715B)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
o'-no ('ono; Codex Vaticanus Onan; Codex Alexandrinus Ono, and other forms): A town mentioned along with Lod as fortified by certain Benjamites (1Ch 8:12). The Mishna (Arakhin ix.6) says that Joshua fortified it, but there is no such early notice of it in Scripture. It was occupied by Benjamites after the return from exile (Ezr 2:33; Ne 7:37; 11:35). In one of the villages in the plain of Ono, Sanballat and his friends vainly tried to inveigle Nehemiah into a conference (6:2). It is represented by the modern Kefr `Ana, which lies to the Northwest of Lydda. In 1 Esdras 5:22, the name appears as "Onus."
W. Ewing
Ono
A town of Benjamin, in the “plain of Ono” (1 Chr. 8:12; Ezra 2:33); now Kefr ‘Ana, 5 miles north of Lydda, and about 30 miles north-west of Jerusalem. Not succeeding in their attempts to deter Nehemiah from rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, Sanballat and Tobiah resorted to strategem, and pretending to wish a conference with him, they invited him to meet them at Ono. Four times they made the request, and every time Nehemiah refused to come. Their object was to take him prisoner.
(strong), one of the towns of Benjamin, is first found in (1 Chronicles 8:12) A plain was attached to the town called "the plain of Ono" (Nehemiah 6:2) perhaps identical with the valley of craftsmen" (Nehemiah 11:35)
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
לֹד (lod) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a city approximately 11 miles southeast of Joppa, known as Lydda in Greek. The name is derived from an uncertain root and is associated with the meaning 'travail.' It appears in various contexts related to its geographical significance.
לֹד n.pr.loc. = Λυδδα, Lydda, c. 11 miles SE. fr. Jaffa, toward Jerusalem
base
H3850 לֹד
3850 Lod lode
from an unused root of uncertain signification; Lod, a place
in Palestine:--Lod.
לֹד (lod) — Lod.
Lod = "travail"
a city approx 11 miles (17 km) southeast of Joppa in the plain of Sharon in the territory of Benjamin
Also named: Ludda (Λύδδα "Lydda" G3069)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
בַּת (bat) means 'daughter' and encompasses a range of meanings including female child, young women, and even personifications of cities or inhabitants. It can also refer to villages in certain contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and is used in various figurative senses, such as 'branch' or 'apple of the eye.'
בַּת 587 n.f. daughter
daughter, female child
young women, women
with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
pl. = villages, after name of city
in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
ostrich
fig.
of vine = branch
as n. relat.
base
H1323 בַּת daughter . daughter, female child
. young women, women
. with name of city, land, or people, poet. personif. of that city or inhabitants
. pl. = villages, after name of city
. in phrases denoting character, quality, etc.
. ostrich
. fig.
. of vine = branch
. as n. relat.
1323 bath bath
from 1129 (as feminine of 1121); a daughter (used in the same
wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and
figuratively):--apple (of the eye), branch, company, daughter,
X first, X old, + owl, town, village.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01121
בַּת (bat) — daughter.
: daughter
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
Also means: bat (בַּת ": village" H1323H)
בַּת (bat) — daughter: village.
: village
1) daughter
1a) daughter, girl, adopted daughter, daughter-in-law, sister, granddaughters, female child, cousin
1a1) as polite address
1a2) as designation of women of a particular place
2) young women, women
1a3) as personification
1a4) daughter-villages
1a5) description of character
בַּת (bat) — Bath (Shua).
A woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.38.2;
daughter of: Shua (H7770); married to Judah (H3063);
mother of: Er (H6147), Onan (H0209) and Shelah (H7956)
Conj | N-fp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncfpc/Sp3fs