2 Kings 14:19 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ עָלָ֥יו קֶ֛שֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֣נָס לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ אַֽחֲרָיו֙ לָכִ֔ישָׁה וַיְמִתֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁם׃
BSAAnd conspiratorsqesher [plotters, those who made a secret design] plottedqâshar▸ [wrought treason, made a conspiracy] against {Amaziah]ʻal [the king of Judah] in JerusalemYᵉrûwshâlaim [the city of peace, the capital of Palestine] and he flednûwç▸ [to quickly leave, escaped] to LachishLâkîysh [a city in Palestine, south of Jerusalem] But men were sentshâlach▸ [departed, went after] after himʼachar to LachishLâkîysh and they killed himmûwth▸ [slew, put to death] thereshâm [in that place, at that location]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ | and people conspired | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| עָלָ֥יו | on him | Preposition, suffix |
| קֶ֛שֶׁר | a conspiracy | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם | in Jerusalem | Preposition, noun proper |
| וַיָּ֣נָס | and he fled | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לָכִ֑ישָׁה | Lachish towards | Noun proper, suffix |
| וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ | and they sent | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine plural |
| אַֽחֲרָיו֙ | after him | Suffix |
| לָכִ֔ישָׁה | Lachish towards | Noun proper, suffix |
| וַיְמִתֻ֖הוּ | and they put to death him | Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
| שָֽׁם׃ | there | Adverb |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | And conspirators plotted against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But men were sent after him to Lachish, and they killed him there. |
| KJV | Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there. |
| ASV | And they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there. |
| YLT | And they make a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fleeth to Lachish, and they send after him to Lachish, and put him to death there, |
| WEB | They made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish and killed him there. |
| BBE | Now they made a secret design against him in Jerusalem; and he went in flight to Lachish, but they sent after him to Lachish and put him to death there. |
Where they part company is קֶ֛שֶׁר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by actions that unfold sequentially, highlighting the events surrounding Amaziah's conspiracy and flight.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbקָשַׁר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Kings 14:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Conspiracy Against Amaziahgenerated
2 Kings 14:19 describes the conspiracy against Amaziah, the king of Judah, highlighting the treachery that led to his flight from Jerusalem to Lachish. This passage illustrates the dangers faced by leaders and the political intrigue of the time, as conspirators sought to overthrow him. The narrative continues with the consequences of this conspiracy, culminating in his death, as noted in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Kings 12:20–21 | And the servants of Joash rose up and formed a conspiracy and killed him at Beth-millo, on the road down to Silla. |
| 2 | 2 Kings 15:10–14 | Then Shallum son of Jabesh conspired against Zechariah, struck him down and killed him in front of the people, and reigned in his place. |
| 3 | 2 Kings 21:23 | Then the servants of Amon conspired against him and killed the king in his palace. |
| 4 | 2 Chronicles 25:27–28 | From the time that Amaziah turned from following the LORD, a conspiracy was formed against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But men were sent after him to Lachish, and they killed him there. |
| 5 | Joshua 10:31 | And Joshua and all Israel with him moved on from Libnah to Lachish. They laid siege to it and fought against it. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — קֶ֛שֶׁר, Ke.shergenerated
The noun קֶ֛שֶׁר (qesher) refers to a conspiracy or an unlawful alliance. It is derived from the root meaning to bind or tie together, indicating a secretive agreement often associated with treason. The use of this term in this context emphasizes the illicit nature of the plot against Amaziah.
This word appears in a few significant contexts throughout the Hebrew Bible, often relating to betrayal and treachery against leaders or the nation. The parsing as a masculine singular noun indicates a specific instance of conspiracy, which in this verse directly relates to the actions taken against Amaziah.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the sentence is וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ, and they conspired, which governs the entire clause. The structure unfolds with a series of actions: the plotting against Amaziah, his flight to Lachish, and the subsequent sending of men to kill him.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions taken against Amaziah, with the conspirators' plot leading directly to his flight and eventual death. This sequential structure highlights the progression of events in a clear, narrative form.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ as συνεστράφησαν, indicating a similar meaning of conspiracy. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the treachery involved in the plot against Amaziah.
The LXX maintains the focus on the conspiratorial nature of the actions taken against Amaziah, aligning closely with the Hebrew text while adapting to the Greek language.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Kings 14:19 tells us that conspirators plotted against Amaziah in Jerusalem, prompting him to flee to Lachish. However, men were sent after him to Lachish, where they killed him. This passage highlights the treachery faced by the king and the consequences of political intrigue.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The conspiracy reflects the political instability and treachery that can arise in leadership, showcasing how alliances can turn against a ruler.
Amaziah fled to Lachish to escape the conspirators who plotted against him in Jerusalem, seeking safety from those who sought his life.
In Lachish, Amaziah was pursued by men sent to kill him, ultimately leading to his death there.
This event is part of a larger narrative of political intrigue in the history of Judah, similar to other accounts of conspiracies and assassinations in the books of Kings.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the nature of alliances and conspiracies from this passage?
- How does the story of Amaziah reflect the challenges faced by leaders in times of political unrest?
- In what ways can we apply the lessons from Amaziah's story to our understanding of trust and betrayal?
- How does the historical context of this passage enhance our understanding of its significance?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Kings 14:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleNow they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem,.... Against Amaziah; the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the principal men of it; perhaps those whose sons the king of Israel had carried away as
Read John Gill on 2 Kings 14 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryNow they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there. They made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Kings 14 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey, i.e. the people, or the princes and chief men among them, possibly those whose sons he had delivered up as hostages to Jehoash, with the connivance, if not approbation, of the people; as appears, because the design was carried on openly, and steadily, and irresistibly, as the following words show. Lachish; a strong city in Judah, towards the Philistines; of which see 15:39 . They sent after him; either secret murderers; or rather, bands of soldiers; for this rebellion was carried on by strong hand and open force. Compare 15:10,15.
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Kings 14 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Kings 14:19 Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.Ver. 19. Now they made a conspiracy.] The people generally did, because he had, by challenging Jehoash, subjected them to so much misery, and did, after that overthrow, spend his time idly and basely, serving false gods, &c. That he repented, is very uncertain, and upon weak grounds concluded.
Read John Trapp on 2 Kings 14 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19) Now . . . but.—And . . . and.They made a conspiracy.—The fact that no individual conspirators are mentioned appears to indicate that Amazialý’s death was the result of a general disaffection; and this inference is strengthened by the other details of the record. Thenius supppses that he had incensed the army in particular by some special act. Probably his foolish and ill-fated enterprise against Israel had something to do with it. Lachish.—Now Um Lâkis. Of old it was a strong fortress. (Comp. 2 Chronicles 11:9; 2 Kings 18:14; 2 Kings 19:8.) Amaziah’s flight thither seems to indicate either a popular rising in Jerusalem, or a military revolt. They sent after him to Lachish.—This, too…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Kings 14 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 19. They made a conspiracy against him] His defeat by Jehoash, and the consequent pillaging of the temple, and emptying the royal exchequer, and the dismantling of Jerusalem, had made him exceedingly unpopular; so that probably the whole of the last fifteen years of his life were a series of troubles and distresses.
Read AdamClarke on 2 Kings 14 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges19. Now [R.V. And] they made a conspiracy] This was evidently the work of his own subjects. The Chronicler’s statement is that the conspiracy was commenced ‘after the time that Amaziah did turn away from following the Lord’. But this we see was immediately after the conquest of the Edomites, when the king ‘brought the gods of the children of Seir’ into the land. There must then have been a feeling of hostility to Amaziah among the right-minded of his own people, even before the battle of Beth-shemesh. We cannot tell whether the conspiracy came to a head in a short time, or only gained strength when the forces of Judah had been so thoroughly overcome by the northern army. But everything…
Read Cambridge on 2 Kings 14 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible19. A conspiracy against him — His turning after the gods of Edom, (see 2 Chronicles 25:27,) his defeat by Jehoash, the hostages taken of him, and the spoliation of the temple, all served to make the
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Kings 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
And conspirators plotted against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But men were sent after him to Lachish, and they killed him there.
They made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish and killed him there.
And conspirators plotted against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. But men were sent after him to Lachish, and they killed him there.
Conspirators plotted against him in Jerusalem, so he fled to Lachish. But they sent assassins after him and they killed him there.
Tyndale line
Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
And they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
And they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish: but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
But they wrought treason against him in Ierusalem, and he fled to Lachish, but they sent after him to Lachish, and slewe him there.
Strictly literal
And they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem; and he fled to Lachish; and they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
And they make a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fleeth to Lachish, and they send after him to Lachish, and put him to death there,
And they make a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he flees to Lachish, and they send after him to Lachish, and put him to death there,
Now they raised a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: wherefore he fled to Lachish; but they sent after him to Lachish, and slew him there.
They made a conspiracy against Amaziah in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish. He fled to Lachish, but they sent men after him to Lachish and killed him there.
From the Latin
Now they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem: and he fled to Lachis. And they sent after him to Lachis, and killed him there.
Simplified
A conspiracy against Amaziah took place in Jerusalem, and he ran away to Lachish. But men were sent after him and they murdered him there.
Now they made a secret design against him in Jerusalem; and he went in flight to Lachish, but they sent after him to Lachish and put him to death there.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads: 'וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ עָלָ֥יו קֶ֛שֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֣נָס לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ אַֽחֲרָיו֙ לָכִ֔ישָׁה וַיְמִתֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁם׃' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in all eleven words, preserving the same meaning and sequence of events. There are no significant differences between these witnesses for this verse.
וַיִּקְשְׁר֨וּ עָלָ֥יו קֶ֛שֶׁר בִּירוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיָּ֣נָס לָכִ֑ישָׁה וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ אַֽחֲרָיו֙ לָכִ֔ישָׁה וַיְמִתֻ֖הוּ שָֽׁם׃
11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Kings 14:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
קָשַׁר (qashar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bind or tie together, both physically and mentally, as in forming a league or conspiring. The entries describe its various uses, including binding fast or being bound up, and it appears in different grammatical forms. Notably, it is used in the context of relationships, such as the life of Jonathan being bound to David's.
קָשַׁר vb. bind, league together, conspire
Qal
bind
league together, conspire
Niph. the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D.
Pi.
bind on (as ornament)
bind fast
Pu. = Qal 1 c.
Hithp. conspire
base
H7194 קָשַׁר bind, league together, conspire .. bind
. league together, conspire
. the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D.
. . bind on (as ornament)
. bind fast
. = Qal 1 c.
. conspire
7194 qashar kaw-shar'
a primitive root: to tie, physically (gird, confine, compact)
or mentally (in love, league):--bind (up), (make a)
conspire(-acy, -ator), join together, knit, stronger, work
(treason).
קָשַׁר (qa.shar) — to conspire.
1) to bind, tie, bind together, league together, conspire
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bind, confine
1a2) to league together, conspire
1b) (Niphal) to be bound, be bound up
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to bind on
1c2) to bind fast
1c3) to bind, tie
1c4) to bind to oneself
1d) (Pual) robust, vigorous (participle)
1e) (Hithpael) to conspire
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
קֶ֫שֶׁר (qesher) refers to a conspiracy or an unlawful alliance, often associated with treason. It is derived from the root word found in H7194. The entries consistently emphasize its negative connotations, indicating a secretive or illicit agreement.
קֶ֫שֶׁר n.m. conspiracy
base
H7195 קֶ֫שֶׁר conspiracy
7195 qesher keh'-sher
from 7194; an (unlawful) alliance:--confederacy, conspiracy,
treason.
see HEBREW for 07194
קֶ֫שֶׁר (qe.sher) — conspiracy.
conspiracy, treason, (unlawful) alliance
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
kon-spir'-a-si.
See CONFEDERACY.
→ LAW AGAINST Ex 23:1,2
→ INSTANCES OF
Joseph's brother, against Joseph Ge 37:18-20
Miriam and Aaron, against Moses Nu 12; 14:4; 16:1-35
Abimelech against Gideon's sons Jud 9:1-6
Gaal, against Abimelech Jud 9:23-41
Delilah, against Samson Jud 16:4-21
Abner, against Ish-bosheth 2Sa 3:7-21
Of Absalom 2Sa 15:10-13
Of Jeroboam 1Ki 14:2
Of Baasha 1Ki 15:27
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם (Yruwshalaim) refers to Jerusalem, the capital city of Palestine. The name is thought to derive from terms meaning 'founded peaceful' and is linked to its two main hills. It is described as the chief city of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah.
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם 644 n.pr.loc. Jerusalem
base
H3389 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫͏ם, יְרוּשָׁלַ֫יִם Jerusalem
3389 Yruwshalaim yer-oo-shaw-lah'-im
rarely Yruwshalayim {yer-oo- shaw-lah'-yim}; a dual (in
allusion to its two main hills (the true pointing, at least of
the former reading, seems to be that of 3390)); probably from
(the passive participle of) 3384 and 7999; founded peaceful;
Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of
Palestine:--Jerusalem.
see HEBREW for 03390
see HEBREW for 03384
see HEBREW for 07999
יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם (ye.ru.sha.laim) — Jerusalem.
§ Jerusalem = "teaching of peace"
the chief city of Palestine and capital of the united kingdom and the nation of Judah after the split
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
je-roo'-sa-lem:
I. THE NAME
1. In Cuneiform
2. In Hebrew
3. In Greek and Latin
4. The Meaning of Jerusalem
5. Other Names
II. GEOLOGY, CLIMATE AND SPRINGS
1. Geology
2. Climate and Rainfall
3. The Natural Springs
III. THE NATURAL SITE
1. The Mountains Around
2. The Valleys
3. The Hills
IV. GENERAL TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM
1. Description of Josephus
2. Summary of the Names of the Five Hills
3. The Akra
4. The Lower City
5. City of David and Zion
V. EXCAVATIONS AND ANTIQUITIES
1. Robinson
2. Wilson, and the Palestine Exploration Fund (1865)
3. Warren and Conder
4. Maudslay
5. Schick
6. Clermont-Ganneau
7. Bliss and Dickie
8. Jerusalem Archaeological Societies
VI. THE CITY'S WALLS AND GATES
1. The Existing Walls
2. Wilson's Theory
3. The Existing Gates
4. Buried Remains of Earlier Walls
5. The Great Dam of the Tyropoeon
6. Ruins of Ancient Gates
7. Josephus' Description of the Walls
8. First Wall
9. Second Wall
10. Third Wall
Jerusalem
Called also Salem, Ariel, Jebus, the “city of God,” the “holy city;” by the modern Arabs el-Khuds, meaning “the holy;” once “the city of Judah” (2 Chr. 25:28). This name is in the original in the dual form, and means “possession of peace,” or “foundation of peace.” The dual form probably refers to the two mountains on which it was built, viz., Zion and Moriah; or, as some suppose, to the two parts of the city, the “upper” and the “lower city.” Jerusalem is a “mountain city enthroned on a mountain fastness” (comp. Ps. 68:15, 16; 87:1; 125:2; 76:1, 2; 122:3). It stands on the edge of one of the highest table-lands in Palestine, and is surrounded on the south-eastern, the southern, and the western sides by deep and precipitous ravines.
(the habitation of peace), Jerusalem stands in latitude 31 degrees 46’ 35" north and longitude 35 degrees 18’ 30" east of Greenwich. It is 32 miles distant from the sea and 18 from the Jordan, 20 from Hebron and 36 from Samaria. "In several respects," says Dean Stanley, "its situation is singular among the cities of Palestine. Its elevation is remarkable; occasioned not from its being on the summit of one of the numerous hills of Judea, like most of the towns and villages, but because it is on the edge of one of the highest table-lands of the country. Hebron indeed is higher still by some hundred feet, and from the south, accordingly (even from Bethlehem), the approach to Jerusalem is by a slight descent. But from any other side the ascent is perpetual; and to the traveller approaching the city from the east or west it must always have presented the appearance beyond any other capital…
The chief city of the Holy Land, and to the Christian the most illustrious in the world. It is situated in 31 degrees 46’43" N. lat., and 35 degrees 13’ E. long. on elevated ground south of the center of the country, about thirty-seven miles from the Mediterranean, and about twenty-four from the Jordan. Its site was early hallowed by God’s trial of Abraham’s faith, Ge 22:1-24 2Ch 3:1. It was on the border of the tribes of Benjamin and Judah, mostly within the limits of the former, but reckoned as belonging to the latter, because conquered by it, Jos 15:8 18:16,28 Jud 1:18. The most ancient name of the city was Salem, Ge…
נוּס (nus) is a Hebrew verb meaning to flee or escape. It encompasses various nuances, including taking flight, disappearing, or driving hastily to safety. The word appears in different forms, such as Qal, Polel, Hithpolel, and Hiphil, indicating actions like fleeing, causing to disappear, or putting to flight. An Aramaic equivalent is noted as נוּד (nud).
נוּס 160 vb. flee, escape
Qal
flee
escape
take flight, depart, disappear
fly (to the attack) on horseback.
Po‛lel the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on
Hithpo‛l. in order to take flight before the bow
Hiph.
put to flight
drive hastily to a safe place
cause to disappear, hide
base
H5127 נוּס flee, escape
5127 nuwc noos
a primitive root; to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape;
causatively, chase, impel, deliver):--X abate, away, be
displayed, (make to) flee (away, -ing), put to flight, X hide,
lift up a standard.
נוּס (nus) — to flee.
1) to flee, escape
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flee
1a2) to escape
1a3) to take flight, m depart, disappear
1a4) to fly (to the attack) on horseback
1b) (Polel) to drive at
1c) (Hithpolel) to take flight
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to put to flight
1d2) to drive hastily
1d3) to cause to disappear, hide
Aramaic equivalent: nud (נוּד "to flee" H5111)
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
לָכִישׁ (Lachish) refers to a city in ancient Palestine, specifically a Canaanitish city associated with the Amorites. The name is thought to mean 'invincible.' It is located south of Jerusalem and was conquered by Joshua, later being allotted to the tribe of Judah.
לָכִישׁ n.pr.loc. Canaanitish (Amorit.) city
base
H3923 לָכִישׁ Canaanitish (Amorit.) city
3923 Lachiysh law-keesh'
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; Lakish, a place in
Palestine:--Lachish.
לָכִישׁ (la.khish) — Lachish.
§ Lachish = "invincible"
a city lying south of Jerusalem on the borders of Simeon and which belonged to the Amorites until conquered by Joshua and allotted to Judah
N-proper | Suff — Noun proper · suffixHNpl/Sd
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine pluralHc/Vqw3mp
The Hebrew word אַחַר (*achar*) primarily denotes the concept of 'after' or 'behind' in both spatial and temporal contexts. It functions as a substantive, adverb, preposition, and conjunction, indicating a following part or time. The related form אַחֲרַי (*acharai*) refers to a person who turns backwards. There is a reference to Proverbs 28:23 in relation to the latter.
אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part
adv.
of place, behind
of time, afterwards
prep.
of place, behind, after
of time, after
conj. after that.
H310a אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part . adv. . of place, behind
. of time, afterwards
. prep. . of place, behind, after
. of time, after
. conj. after that.
H310b אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards.
310 'achar akh-ar'
from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an
adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after
(that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side),
behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from,
hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute,
posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth),
when, with.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחַר (a.char) — after.
1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time)
1a) as an adverb
1a1) behind (of place)
1a2) afterwards (of time)
1b) as a preposition
1b1) behind, after (of place)
1b2) after (of time)
1b3) besides
1c) as a conjunction
1c) after that
1d) as a substantive
1d1) hinder part
1e) with other prepositions
1e1) from behind
1e2) from following after
אַחֲרַי (a.cha.ray) — backwards.
backwards (of a man that turns backwards)
Prep | Suff — SuffixHAcmpc/Sp3ms
לָכִישׁ (Lachish) refers to a city in ancient Palestine, specifically a Canaanitish city associated with the Amorites. The name is thought to mean 'invincible.' It is located south of Jerusalem and was conquered by Joshua, later being allotted to the tribe of Judah.
לָכִישׁ n.pr.loc. Canaanitish (Amorit.) city
base
H3923 לָכִישׁ Canaanitish (Amorit.) city
3923 Lachiysh law-keesh'
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; Lakish, a place in
Palestine:--Lachish.
לָכִישׁ (la.khish) — Lachish.
§ Lachish = "invincible"
a city lying south of Jerusalem on the borders of Simeon and which belonged to the Amorites until conquered by Joshua and allotted to Judah
N-proper | Suff — Noun proper · suffixHNpl/Sd
מוּת (mūth) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to die' or 'to kill.' It encompasses a range of meanings from dying naturally to being executed as a penalty. The word can refer to both humans and animals, and it includes various forms such as causing death or being killed. There is a distinction in usage based on the subject, whether it is a person or God inflicting death.
מוּת vb. die
Qal
die, of natural or other causes
die as a penalty = be put to death
Po‛lel. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
Hiph.
abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
subj. God, by inflicting penalty
of animals killing men
bring to a premature death
Hoph. be killed, put to death
base
H4191 מוּת die .. die, of natural or other causes
. die as a penalty = be put to death
. kill, put to death, despatch (intens.)
. . abs., elsewhere c. acc., subj. man
. subj. God, by inflicting penalty
. of animals killing men
. bring to a premature death
. be killed, put to death
4191 muwth mooth
a primitive root: to die (literally or figuratively);
causatively, to kill:--X at all, X crying, (be) dead (body,
man, one), (put to, worthy of) death, destroy(-er), (cause to,
be like to, must) die, kill, necro(-mancer), X must needs,
slay, X surely, X very suddenly, X in (no) wise.
מוּת (mut) — to die.
1) to die, kill, have one executed
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to die
1a2) to die (as penalty), be put to death
1a3) to die, perish (of a nation)
1a4) to die prematurely (by neglect of wise moral conduct)
1b) (Polel) to kill, put to death, dispatch
1c) (Hiphil) to kill, put to death
1d) (Hophal)
1d1) to be killed, be put to death
1d1a) to die prematurely
Conj | V-Hiphil-ConsecImperf-3mp | Suff — Verb hiphil sequential imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHc/Vhw3mp/Sp3ms
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
Adv — AdverbHD