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Hosea 10:13 — Word Study

Depth

WLCחֲרַשְׁתֶּם־ רֶ֛שַׁע עַוְלָ֥תָה קְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם פְּרִי־ כָ֑חַשׁ כִּֽי־ בָטַ֥חְתָּ בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ בְּרֹ֥ב גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃

BSAYou have plowedchârash [cultivated, planted] wickednessreshaʻ [immorality, sin] and reapedqâtsar [harvested, gathered] injusticeʻevel [moral evil, unrighteousness] you have eatenʼâkal [consumed, devoured] the fruitpᵉrîy [result, consequence] of lieskachash [deception, falsehood] Becausekîy you have trustedbâṭach [relied, had confidence] in your own wayderek [path, manner of life] and in the multituderôb [abundance, greatness] of your mighty mengibbôwr [strong warriors, champions]

Word
Listen & take awayHosea 10
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (gi.bo.Rei.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Hosea 10:13quick helps
In a sentenceHosea accuses Israel of cultivating wickedness and reaping injustice, highlighting their misplaced trust.
Who is speakingThe prophet Hosea, conveying God's message to the people of Israel.
Where we areIn a passage addressing the consequences of Israel's actions and their reliance on their own strength.
The hard wordחֲרַשְׁתֶּם־
Take awayTheir actions lead to dire consequences, as they trust in their own strength rather than in God.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחָרַשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Hosea 10:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Consequences of Israel's Actionsgenerated

12Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of loving devotion; break up your unplowed ground. For it is time to seek the LORD until He comes and sends righteousness upon you like rain.
13You have plowed wickedness and reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of lies. Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men,
14the roar of battle will rise against your people, so that all your fortresses will be demolished as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel in the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to pieces along with their children.
15Thus it will be done to you, O Bethel, because of your great wickedness. When the day dawns, the king of Israel will be utterly cut off.

Hosea 10:13 emphasizes the moral decay of Israel, illustrating how their actions of wickedness and lies lead to injustice. The surrounding verses call for righteousness and highlight the impending consequences of their choices, reinforcing the idea that one's actions bear fruit, whether good or bad. This passage serves as a warning against self-reliance and the importance of returning to God.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Hosea 8:7For they sow the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind. There is no standing grain; what sprouts fails to yield flour. Even if it should produce, the foreigners would swallow it up.
2Job 4:8As I have observed, those who plow iniquity and those who sow trouble reap the same.
3Proverbs 22:8He who sows injustice will reap disaster, and the rod of his fury will be destroyed.
4Galatians 6:7–8Do not be deceived: God is not to be mocked. Whatever a man sows, he will reap in return.
5Proverbs 1:31So they will eat the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word חָרַשׁ, cha.rash.tem-generated

The verb חָרַשׁ (*charash*) means 'to plow' or 'to cultivate,' and it carries connotations of engraving or cutting. In this context, it indicates the deliberate actions of Israel in cultivating wickedness, suggesting a proactive choice rather than a passive state.

The use of this verb in the perfect tense indicates a completed action, emphasizing that Israel has already engaged in this wrongdoing. The broader implications suggest that their actions are intentional and result in negative consequences, as they have sown wickedness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses plowed for חָרַשׁ and reaped for קְצַרְתֶּם, aligning with the KJV and ASV.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verbs חֲרַשְׁתֶּם and קְצַרְתֶּם govern the main clauses, with the actions of plowing and reaping forming the core of the verse. The structure emphasizes the cause-and-effect relationship between their actions and the resulting consequences.

The clauses are interconnected, illustrating how the cultivation of wickedness leads directly to the harvest of injustice, creating a clear link between their choices and the outcomes they face.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates חָרַשׁ as παρεσιωπήσατε, indicating a more passive interpretation of their actions, suggesting silence or inaction regarding their wickedness.

This choice reflects an interpretation that may emphasize the people's failure to respond to God's call for righteousness, contrasting with the active cultivation implied in the Hebrew.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Hosea 10:13 reveals that Israel has actively chosen to engage in wickedness and lies, leading to injustice. They have relied on their own strength instead of trusting in God, which will result in dire consequences for their actions.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to plow wickedness?

To plow wickedness means to actively engage in sinful actions, preparing the ground for negative consequences.

How does trusting in one's own way lead to injustice?

Trusting in one's own way often leads to moral failings and injustice, as it relies on human strength rather than divine guidance.

What is the significance of the fruit of lies?

The fruit of lies represents the consequences of deceitful actions, showing that dishonesty leads to negative outcomes.

How can this verse apply to our lives today?

This verse serves as a reminder to examine our actions and trust in God rather than our own understanding, as choices have consequences.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life might I be cultivating wickedness instead of righteousness?
  2. How can I better trust in God rather than relying on my own strength?
  3. What are some consequences I have faced due to my own choices?
  4. How can I ensure that my actions produce good fruit in my life and the lives of others?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators reference this verse to discuss the consequences of sin and the importance of admonishing the faithful, drawing from the teachings of the prophets.

JeromeCommentary on Hosea 10:13 c. 347–420
"You harvested impiety and iniquity; you consumed the fruit of lies." LXX: "Why are you silent about his impieties and injustices? You harvested the fruit of deceit." Against my will,
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 10 →
Apostolic ConstitutionsCONSTITUTIONS OF THE HOLY APOSTLES 2:3.17 c. 375–380
It is the bishop’s duty not to be silent in the case of offenders but to admonish them, to exhort them, to wrestle them down, to afflict them with fastings, that so he may strike a pious dread into the rest.
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 10 →
Cyril of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON Hosea 6:122 c. 376–444
“They ate the fruit of deception,” namely, they had a useless and senseless hope. For the true fruit is the one that can save and help, the love toward God and the glory of righteousness.
Early Church Fathers on Hosea 10 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Hosea 10:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Ye have ploughed wickedness,.... Contrived it, and took a great deal of pains to commit it; by ploughing sowed it, and which sprung up in a plentiful crop: it may denote their first sins, from whence

Read John Gill on Hosea 10 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men. Ye have plowed wickedness.

Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 10 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

You, O Israelites, subjects of the kingdom of the ten tribes, have ploughed wickedness; instead of repentance, and a life of righteousness, you have lived in wickedness, and propagated it, you have increased all manner of impieties; thus you have abused and perverted the fruits of God’ s goodness. Ye have reaped iniquity; the wickedness you have sown hath sprung up and ripened into iniquity; or, you have met with a recompence worthy of this your labour, God hath punished you for your wickedness; the first seems most agreeable to the text. Ye have eaten the fruit of lies; fed yourselves with vain hopes, maintained yourselves upon a carnal, sinful confidence, forsaking the fountain of living…

Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 10 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Hosea 10:13 Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.Ver. 13. Ye have plowed wickedness] The former exhortation was even spilt upon them; for they went on to plot and plough wickedness; they had their necks in the devil’ s yoke, and promoted his kingdom with sides and shoulders; they let out the strength of their spirits for the furtherance of sin, and were at no small pains to go to hell, as being the devil’ s hinds and horses to draw his plough, Proverbs 21:4. "Even as I have seen," saith Eliphaz, "they that plough iniquity and sow wickedness, reap the same," Job 4:8. Ye…

Read John Trapp on Hosea 10 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Thy way.—By a slight change of the Hebrew word thus rendered it acquires the sense, thy chariots, a reading followed by the LXX. and Ewald, Kuinöl, and Nowack. It establishes a good parallelism, and harmonises with prophetic teaching (Hosea 14:3; Isaiah 2:7). The Masoretic text gives, however, a fine meaning.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 10 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 13. Ye have ploughed wickedness] Ye have laboured sinfully. Ye have reaped iniquity] The punishment due to your iniquity. Ye have eaten the fruit of lies] Your false worship and your false gods have brought you into captivity and misery. Because thou didst trust in thy way] Didst confide in thy own counsels, and in thy mighty men, and not in the God who made you.

Read AdamClarke on Hosea 10 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. How necessary is this exhortation! For hitherto the Israelites have done the exact opposite. plowed wickedness] i.e., formed wicked plans (as Job 4:8). The word for ‘to plough’ has in fact another meaning ‘to plot.’ reaped iniquity] Better, reaped injustice—i. e. the injustice of oppressors, which, being retributive, is, from the higher point of view, substantial justice. The tense is the prophetic perfect. the fruit of lies] To ‘lie’ is sometimes = to disappoint (as Hosea 9:2), and probably this is the meaning here, viz. that the consequence of Israel’s present policy shall be the disappointment of all his expectations. ‘Fruit’ implies that that policy has been one of ‘lying’, i.e.…

Read Cambridge on Hosea 10 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Ye have plowed wickedness - They not only did not that which God commanded, but they did the exact contrary. They cultivated wickedness. They broke up their fallow ground, yet to sow, not wheat, but tares.

Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 10 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You have plowed wickedness and reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of lies. Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

You have plowed wickedness. You have reaped iniquity. You have eaten the fruit of lies, for you trusted in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You have plowed wickedness and reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of lies. Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men,

NETBNew English Translation2006

But you have plowed wickedness; you have reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of deception. Because you have depended on your chariots; you have relied on your many warriors.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: for thou didst trust in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Ye have plowed wickedness, ye have reaped iniquity; ye have eaten the fruit of lies: because thou hast trusted in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But you haue plowed wickednesse: ye haue reaped iniquitie: you haue eaten the fruite of lies: because thou didest trust in thine owne waies, and in the multitude of thy strong men,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Ye have ploughed wickedness, reaped iniquity, eaten the fruit of lies; for thou didst confide in thy way, in the multitude of thy mighty men.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Ye have ploughed wickedness, Perversity ye have reaped, Ye have eaten the fruit of lying, For thou hast trusted in thy way, In the abundance of thy might.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

You have plowed wickedness, || Perversity you have reaped, || You have eaten the fruit of lying, || For you have trusted in your way, || In the abundance of your might.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

[But] ye have ploughed wickedness, iniquity have ye reaped, ye have eaten the fruit of lies; because thou didst trust in thy own way, in the multitude of thy mighty men:

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You have plowed wickedness; you reaped injustice. You have eaten the fruit of deception because you trusted in your plans and in your many soldiers.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

You have ploughed wickedness, you have reaped iniquity, you have eaten the fruit of lying: because thou hast trusted in thy ways, in the multitude of thy strong ones.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

But instead you have planted wickedness and reaped an evil harvest. You have eaten the fruit of lies, because you trusted in your own strength and in your many warriors.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

You have been ploughing sin, you have got in a store of evil, the fruit of deceit has been your food: for you put faith in your way, in the number of your men of war.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbחֲרַשְׁתֶּםyou.have.plowedobjectרֶ֛שַׁעwickednessclausenoun phrase · prepositionalעַוְלָ֥תָinjusticeהverbקְצַרְתֶּ֖םyou.have.reapedclauseverbאֲכַלְתֶּ֣םyou.have.eatennoun phrase · objectפְּרִי[the].fruitכָ֑חַשׁof.lyingכִּֽי(dm)clauseverbבָטַ֥חְתָּyou.have.trustedprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseבְinnoun phraseדַרְכְּyour.ownךָ֖wayprepositional phraseבְּinnoun phraseרֹ֥בthe.multitudenoun phraseגִּבּוֹרֶֽיofךָyour.warriors

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with 11 of the 12 words matching. The Dead Sea Scrolls show one word on the leather and several restored, indicating some textual preservation but also gaps in the manuscript.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־ רֶ֛שַׁע עַוְלָ֥תָה קְצַרְתֶּ֖ם אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם פְּרִי־ כָ֑חַשׁ כִּֽי־ בָטַ֥חְתָּ בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ בְּרֹ֥ב גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־παρεσιωπήσατεרֶ֛שַׁעἀσέβειανעַוְלָ֥תָהἀδικίαςאֲכַלְתֶּ֣םἐτρυγήσατεפְּרִי־ἐφάγετεכָ֑חַשׁκαρπὸνכִּֽי־ψευδῆבָטַ֥חְתָּὅτιבְדַרְכְּךָ֖ἐνבְּרֹ֥בἐνגִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃δυνάμεώς

11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q82a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[חרשתם] [רשע] [עולתה] [קצרתם] [אכלתם] [פרי] [כחש] [כי] [בטחת] [בדרכ׳כה] ברוב גבורי׳כה

1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Hosea 10:13חָרַשׁyou have plyou have plowedחָרַשׁרֶ֫שַׁעwickednesswickednessרֶ֫שַׁעעָ֫וֶלinjusticeinjusticeעָ֫וֶלקָצֵרyou have reyou have reapedקָצֵראָכַלyou have eayou have eatenאָכַלפְּרִי[the] fruit[the] fruit ofפְּרִיכַּ֫חַשׁlyinglyingכַּ֫חַשׁכִּיforforכִּיבָּטַחyou have tryou have trusteבָּטַחדֶּ֫רֶךְin own way in own way yourדֶּ֫רֶךְרֹבin [the] muin [the] multitרֹבגִּבּוֹרwarriors yowarriors yourגִּבּוֹררָשַׁעbe wickedbe wickedרָשַׁעעָוַלto act unjto act unjustlyעָוַלפָּרָהbe fruitfube fruitfulפָּרָהכָּחַשׁto deceiveto deceiveכָּחַשׁדָּרַךְto treadto treadדָּרַךְרָבַבto multiplto multiplyרָבַבחָסָהto seek reto seek refugeחָסָהגֶּ֫בֶרgreat mangreat manגֶּ֫בֶרצְדָקָהrighteousnrighteousnessצְדָקָהקָצֵרbe shortbe shortקָצֵרצֶ֫דֶקRighteousnRighteousnessצֶ֫דֶקצַדִּיקrighteousrighteousצַדִּיקזָרַעto sowto sowזָרַעקָצִירharvestharvestקָצִירשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהלֶ֫חֶםfoodfoodלֶ֫חֶםבֶּ֫טֶןbelly: abdbelly: abdomenבֶּ֫טֶןיָדַעto knowto knowיָדַע
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Hosea 10:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־cha.rash.tem- you have plowed H2790 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
74× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to be quiet or silent, but also to scratch or engrave, like a farmer plowing a field. It is used in various contexts, including being silent or deaf. The KJV translates it in different ways, including 'cease' or 'hold peace'.
Amplified meaning
cultivated, planted
Tyndale gloss
to plow/plot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חָרַשׁ (*charash*) encompasses meanings related to cutting, engraving, and plowing, as well as devising, often with a negative connotation. It also has a related form, חָרֵשׁ (*charesh*), which means to be silent or deaf. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical actions to metaphorical implications of secrecy and silence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise

Qal

cut in, engrave

plough

devise

Niph. Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed

Hiph. fabricating mischief against

base

[חָרֵשׁ] vb. 1. be silent, dumb, speechless; 2. be deaf; chiefly poet.

Qal

be silent, alw. of God’s keeping silence when men pray

be deaf

Hiph.

be silent (= exhibit silence)

once causat. make silent

be deaf, shew deafness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2790a חָרַשׁ cut in, engrave, plough, devise H2790b חָרֵשׁ . be silent, dumb, speechless

. be deaf; chiefly poet.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2790 charash khaw-rash'

a primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to

engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate

(of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense);

hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone;

hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of

dumbness):--X altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise,

ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace,

plow(-er, man), be quiet, rest, practise secretly, keep

silence, be silent, speak not a word, be still, hold tongue,

worker.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָרַשׁ (cha.rash) — to plow/plot.

1) to cut in, plough, engrave, devise

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cut in, engrave

1a2) to plough

1a3) to devise

1b) (Niphal) to be ploughed

1c) (Hiphil) to plot evil

חָרֵשׁ (cha.resh) — be quiet.

1) to be silent, be dumb, be speechless, be deaf

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be silent

1a2) to be deaf

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to be silent, keep quiet

1b2) to make silent

1b3) to be deaf, show deafness

1c) (Hithpael) to remain silent

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-2mp — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
HVqp2mp
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
רֶ֛שַׁעRe.sha' wickedness H7562 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for wickedness, describing wrong or immoral actions, as seen in the wickedness of enemies or those hostile to God. It appears in various forms, such as iniquity or wickedness. This concept is discussed in biblical books like Psalms and Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
immorality, sin
Tyndale gloss
wickedness
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫שַׁע (resha`) refers to wickedness or moral wrong. It encompasses various forms of wrongdoing, including violence, crime against civil law, and ethical violations. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be wrong' and is used in contexts relating to both personal and societal morality.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫שַׁע n.m. wickedness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7562 רֶ֫שַׁע wickedness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7562 resha` reh'-shah

from 7561; a wrong (especially moral):--iniquity,

wicked(-ness).

see HEBREW for 07561

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫שַׁע (re.sah) — wickedness.

1) wrong, wickedness, guilt

1a) wickedness (as violence and crime against civil law)

1b) wickedness (of enemies)

1c) wickedness (in ethical relations)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wik'-ed-nes:

1. In the Old Testament:

The state of being wicked; a mental disregard for justice, righteousness, truth, honor, virtue; evil in thought and life; depravity; sinfulness; criminality. See SIN. Many words are rendered "wickedness." There are many synonyms for wickedness in English and also in the Hebrew. Pride and vanity lead to it: "All the proud, and all that work wickedness (rish`ah) shall be stubble" (Mal 4:1). Akin to this is the word `awen, "iniquity," "vanity": "She eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness" (Pr 30:20). Then we have the word hawwah, meaning "mischief," "calamity," coming from inward intent upon evil: "Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength, but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in…

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
עַוְלָ֥תָה'av.La.tah injustice H5766 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Injustice or moral evil is what this word represents, covering violent deeds, unfair speech, and general wrongdoing. It is used to describe actions that go against God's standards of righteousness.
Amplified meaning
moral evil, unrighteousness
Tyndale gloss
injustice
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָ֫וֶל (*evel*) and its variant עַוְלָה (*avlah*) both denote concepts of injustice and unrighteousness. They encompass moral evil, including violent deeds and wrongful speech. The entries highlight their usage as nouns, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָ֫וֶל n.m. injustice, unrighteousness

base

עַוְלָה n.f. injustice, unrighteousness, wrong

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5766a עָ֫וֶל injustice, unrighteousness H5766b עַוְלָה injustice, unrighteousness, wrong

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5766 `evel eh'-vel

or lavel {aw'-vel}; and (feminine) lavlah {av-law'}; or owlah

{o-law'}; or .olah {o-law'}; from 5765; (moral)

evil:--iniquity, perverseness, unjust(-ly),

unrighteousness(-ly); wicked(-ness).

see HEBREW for 05765

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָ֫וֶל (e.vel) — injustice.

injustice, unrighteousness

Another spelling of av.lah (עַוְלָה "injustice" H5766B)

עַוְלָה (av.lah) — injustice.

1) injustice, unrighteousness, wrong

1a) violent deeds of injustice

1b) injustice (of speech)

1c) injustice (generally)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Ex 22:21,22; 23:1-3,6,7; Le 19:15,35,36; De 16:19,20; 24:17,18; 27:19; Job 16:16,17; 31:13-15; Ps 12:5; 43:1; 82:2; Pr 11:7; 17:15; 28:8; 29:27; 31:4,5; Ec 3:16; 5:8; Isa 26:10; Jer 22:3-5; La 3:34-36; Am 5:11,12; Zep…

- Forbidden

Le 19:15,35; De 16:19

- SPECIALLY TO BE AVOIDED TOWARDS

. The poor

Ex 23:6; Pr 22:16,22,23

. The stranger and fatherless

Ex 22:21,22; De 24:17; Jer 22:3

. Servants

Job 31:13,14; De 24:14; Jer 22:13

- Of the least kind, condemned

Lu 16:10

- GOD

. Regards

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
קְצַרְתֶּ֖םke.tzar.Tem you have reaped H7114 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to reap or harvest, like cutting down grain or grass. It is used in the Bible to describe the act of harvesting, and also to describe being discouraged or grieved.
Amplified meaning
harvested, gathered
Tyndale gloss
be short
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָצֵר (qatsar) is a Hebrew word that primarily means 'to be short' or 'to reap.' It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of curtailing or harvesting, applicable in both literal and figurative contexts. The entries indicate that it can express feelings of impatience or grief, as well as the act of harvesting crops.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[קָצֵר], I. קָצַר vb. be short

Qal be short

Pi. shorten

Hiph. id.

base

[קָצַר] vb. reap, harvest

Qal reap

Hiph. Jb 24:6 Kt

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7114a קָצֵר, קָצַר be short H7114b קָצַר reap, harvest

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7114 qatsar kaw-tsar'

a primitive root; to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or

intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest

(grass or grain):--X at all, cut down, much discouraged,

grieve, harvestman, lothe, mourn, reap(-er), (be, wax)

short(-en, -er), straiten, trouble, vex.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָצֵר (qa.tser) — be short.

1) to be short, be impatient, be vexed, be grieved

1a) (Qal) to be short

1b) (Piel) to shorten

1c) (Hiphil) to shorten

קָצַר (qa.tsar) — to reap.

1) to reap, harvest

1a) (Qal) to reap, harvest

1b) (Hiphil) to reap, harvest

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-2mp — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
HVqp2mp
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
אֲכַלְתֶּ֣ם'a.khal.Tem you have eaten H398 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
810× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Amplified meaning
consumed, devoured
Tyndale gloss
to eat
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָכַל (akal) means 'to eat' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including literal consumption by humans and animals, as well as figurative uses like devouring by fire or destruction. It can describe actions such as feeding or causing to eat, and it also appears in contexts of oppression and destruction. The verb has various forms, indicating different subjects and nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָכַל 806 vb. eat

Qal

eat, human subject

of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

fig. of fire, devour, consume

of sword, devour, slay

in genl., devour, consume, destroy

fig. of oppression, devour the poor

Niph.

be eaten by man

be devoured by fire, consumed

be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

Pu. be consumed

Hiph.

cause to eat, feed with

cause to devoure, obj. sword

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H398 אָכַל eat .. eat, human subject

. of beasts, birds, etc., eat, devour

. fig. of fire, devour, consume

. of sword, devour, slay

. in genl., devour, consume, destroy

. fig. of oppression, devour the poor

. . be eaten by man

. be devoured by fire, consumed

. be wasted, destroyed, of flesh

. be consumed

. . cause to eat, feed with

. cause to devoure, obj. sword

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

398 'akal aw-kal'

a primitive root; to eat (literally or figuratively):--X at

all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up),

feed (with), food, X freely, X in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay)

meat, X quite.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָכַל (a.khal) — to eat.

1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to eat (human subject)

1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds)

1a3) to devour, consume (of fire)

1a4) to devour, slay (of sword)

1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought)

1a6) to devour (of oppression)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be eaten (by men)

1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire)

1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh)

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to cause to eat, feed with

1c2) to cause to devour

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to feed

1d2) to cause to eat

1e) (Piel)

1e1) consume

Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-2mp — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine plural
HVqp2mp
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
פְּרִי־pe.ri- [the] fruit of H6529 Noun common · masculine singular construct
119× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means the fruit that comes from the ground or from our actions. It is used in many books, including Genesis and Isaiah, to describe the results of our labor or the consequences of our choices.
Amplified meaning
result, consequence
Tyndale gloss
fruit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פְּרִי (priy) means 'fruit' and encompasses various meanings, including the literal fruit of the ground, offspring or children, and figurative fruit representing the consequences of actions. It is derived from a root that emphasizes the concept of produce or reward.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פְּרִי 119 n.m. fruit

fruit of the ground, of produce in gen.

= offspring, fruit of womb

fig. of fruit of actions, i.e. their consequences

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6529 פְּרִי fruit . fruit of the ground, of produce in gen.

. = offspring, fruit of womb

. fig. of fruit of actions, i.e. their consequences

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6529 priy per-ee'

from 6509; fruit (literally or figuratively):--bough,

((first-)) fruit((-ful)), reward.

see HEBREW for 06509

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פְּרִי (pe.ri) — fruit.

1) fruit

1a) fruit, produce (of the ground)

1b) fruit, offspring, children, progeny (of the womb)

1c) fruit (of actions) (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
כָ֑חַשׁKha.chash lying H3585 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A lie or deception, like the hypocrisy Jesus condemned in Matthew 23:27. It can also refer to physical weakness or emaciation, as in Proverbs 14:25.
Amplified meaning
deception, falsehood
Tyndale gloss
lie
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כַּ֫חַשׁ (kachash) refers to both lying or deception and physical leanness or emaciation, suggesting a failure of flesh. The word is derived from a root that emphasizes the idea of failure. It encompasses both literal and figurative meanings, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כַּ֫חַשׁ n.m. 1. lying. 2. leanness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3585 כַּ֫חַשׁ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3585 kachash kakh'-ash

from 3584; literally, a failure of flesh, i.e. emaciation;

figuratively, hypocrisy:--leanness, lies, lying.

see HEBREW for 03584

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כַּ֫חַשׁ (ka.chash) — lie.

1) lying, deception

2) leanness, failure

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

li'-ing.

See LIE.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Lying spirit from God 1Ki 22:21-23; 2Ch 18:20-22

→ See FALSEHOOD

→ See HYPOCRISY

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Forbidden

Le 19:11; Col 3:9

- Hateful to God

Pr 6:16-19

- An abomination to God

Pr 12:22

- A hindrance to prayer

Isa 59:2,3

- The devil, the father of

Joh 8:44

- The devil excites men to

1Ki 22:22; Ac 5:3

- SAINTS

. Hate

Ps 119:163; Pr 13:5

. Avoid

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
כִּֽי־ki- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
בָטַ֥חְתָּva.Tach.ta you have trusted H982 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
120× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To trust means to have confidence or faith in something or someone, like the Israelites trusting in God to lead them through the desert, as seen in Psalm 23.
Amplified meaning
relied, had confidence
Tyndale gloss
to trust
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּטַח (batach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to trust or have confidence. It conveys a sense of security and boldness, both in a personal sense and when causing others to feel secure. The entries indicate its use in different forms, such as Qal and Hiphil, covering aspects of trust and confidence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּטַח vb. trust

Qal

trust

be confident

Hiph. cause to trust, make secure

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H982 בָּטַח trust . trust

. be confident

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

982 batach baw-takh'

a primitive root; properly, to hie for refuge (but not so

precipitately as 2620); figuratively, to trust, be confident

or sure:--be bold (confident, secure, sure), careless (one,

woman), put confidence, (make to) hope, (put, make to) trust.

see HEBREW for 02620

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּטַח (ba.tach) — to trust.

1) to trust

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to trust, trust in

1a2) to have confidence, be confident

1a3) to be bold

1a4) to be secure

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to trust, make secure

2) (TWOT) to feel safe, be careless

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-2ms — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
HVqp2ms
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
בְדַרְכְּךָ֖ve.dar.ke.Kha in own way your H1870 Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
708× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Derek refers to a road or path, and can also mean a way of life or manner of action. It is often used to describe a journey or direction, and can be used figuratively to describe a person's character or moral path.
Amplified meaning
path, manner of life
Tyndale gloss
way: road
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (derek) means way, road, or journey, and can refer to both literal paths and figurative courses of life or actions. It encompasses various aspects such as direction, manner, and moral character, often highlighting the nature of one's conduct. The term is used in both positive and negative contexts, reflecting the moral implications of one's path.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ 715 n.m. way, road, distance, journey, manner

way, road, path

journey

of direction, almost or quite = toward

way, manner

fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

of moral action and character

of duty

specif.: in good sense

oftener in bad sense

way of י׳

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1870 דֶּ֫רֶךְ way, road, distance, journey, manner . way, road, path

. journey

. of direction, almost or quite = toward

. way, manner

. fig. of course of life, or action, undertakings

. . of moral action and character

. of duty

. specif.: in good sense

. oftener in bad sense

. way of י׳

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1870 derek deh'-rek

from 1869; a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of

life or mode of action, often adverb:--along, away, because

of, + by, conversation, custom, (east-)ward, journey, manner,

passenger, through, toward, (high-) (path-)way(-side),

whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 01869

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: conduct.

: conduct/lifestyle

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — Way.

This name means way, road

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — (King's) Highway.

This name means way, road

Combined with me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "King's" H4428I)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: direction.

: direction

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: road.

: road/route

1) way, road, distance, journey, manner

1a) road, way, path

1b) journey

1c) direction

1d) manner, habit, way

1e) of course of life (fig.)

1f) of moral character (fig.)

דֶּ֫רֶךְ (de.rekh) — way: journey.

: journey

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs | Suff — Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncbsc/Sp2ms
you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
בְּרֹ֥בbe.Ro in [the] multitude of H7230 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
149× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Describes abundance or greatness in the Bible, used to talk about God's power and creation in Psalms and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
abundance, greatness
Tyndale gloss
abundance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹב (rov) refers to a multitude or abundance, encompassing ideas of greatness and numerousness. It is derived from a related root and can describe anything from a large quantity to excellence. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, emphasizing its broad application in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹב 151 n.m. multitude, abundance, greatness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7230 רֹב multitude, abundance, greatness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7230 rob robe

from 7231; abundance (in any respect):--abundance(- antly),

all, X common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number),

huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much,

multitude, plenty(-ifully), X very (age).

see HEBREW for 07231

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹב (rov) — abundance.

1) multitude, abundance, greatness

1a) multitude

1a1) abundance, abundantly

1a2) numerous

1b) greatness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

you have plowed wickedness injustice you have reaped you have eaten [the] fruit of lying for you have trusted in own way your in [the] multitude of warriors your
גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ׃gi.bo.Rei.kha warriors your H1368 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
159× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a strong or mighty man, like a warrior or champion, as seen in 1 Samuel 17:51 where David defeats Goliath. It can also imply a brave or valiant person.
Amplified meaning
strong warriors, champions
Tyndale gloss
mighty man
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) means strong or mighty, and can refer to a powerful person, such as a warrior or chief. It is built from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to strength and bravery. The entries consistently emphasize its use to describe a strong man or mighty figure.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גִּבּוֹר 159 adj. strong, mighty

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1368 גִּבּוֹר strong, mighty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1368 gibbowr ghib-bore'

or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same

as 1397; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:--

champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),

strong (man), valiant man.

see HEBREW for 01397

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר (gib.bor) — mighty man.

adj

1) strong, mighty

n m

2) strong man, brave man, mighty man

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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