Isaiah 10:29 — Word Study
WLCעָֽבְרוּ֙ מַעְבָּרָ֔ה גֶּ֖בַע מָל֣וֹן לָ֑נוּ חָֽרְדָה֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה גִּבְעַ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל נָֽסָה׃
BSAThey have crossedʻâbar■ [gone over the pass, transitioned] at the fordmaʻăbâr [a mountain pass, a crossing place] We will spend the nightmâlôwn [take up their lodging, rest] at GebaGebaʻ [a city in Palestine, a place of significance] RamahRâmâh [a city of battle, a place of fear] trembleschârad■ [is afraid, shaken with anxiety] GibeahGibʻâh [the birthplace of King Saul, a city of Benjamin] of SaulShâʼûwl [the first king of Israel, a Benjamite] fleesnûwç■ [runs away quickly, escapes from danger]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עָֽבְרוּ֙ | they have passed over | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| מַעְבָּרָ֔ה | [the] pass | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| גֶּ֖בַע | Geba | Noun proper |
| מָל֣וֹן | [will be] a lodging place | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לָ֑נוּ | for us | Preposition, suffix |
| חָֽרְדָה֙ | it has trembled | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| הָֽרָמָ֔ה | Ramah | Particle, noun proper |
| גִּבְעַ֥ת | Gibeah of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| שָׁא֖וּל | Saul | Noun proper masculine |
| נָֽסָה׃ | it has fled | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees. |
| KJV | They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled. |
| ASV | they are gone over the pass; they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah trembleth; Gibeah of Saul is fled. |
| YLT | They have gone over the passage, Geba they have made a lodging place, Trembled hath Rama, Gibeah of Saul fled. |
| WEB | They have gone over the pass. They have taken up their lodging at Geba. Ramah trembles. Gibeah of Saul has fled. |
| BBE | They have gone across the mountain; Geba will be our resting-place tonight, they say: Ramah is shaking with fear; Gibeah of Saul has gone in flight. |
Where they part company is עָבְרוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by additional clauses that detail the actions and reactions of the cities, showing a clear progression of events.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectגֶּבַע
verbעָבַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 10:29
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Invasion of Assyriagenerated
Isaiah 10:29 depicts the Assyrian army's advance through the region, specifically mentioning their crossing at a ford and their intent to rest at Geba. The nearby cities, Ramah and Gibeah, react with fear and urgency as they sense the impending danger. This reflects the broader theme of fear and destruction associated with military incursions in the prophetic literature of the Old Testament.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 13:23 | And a garrison of the Philistines had gone out to the pass at Michmash. |
| 2 | 1 Samuel 14:4 | Now there were cliffs on both sides of the pass that Jonathan intended to cross to reach the Philistine outpost. One was named Bozez and the other Seneh. |
| 3 | Joshua 21:17 | And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave them Gibeon, Geba, |
| 4 | 1 Kings 15:23 | Now the rest of the acts of Asa, along with all his might, all his accomplishments, and the cities he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? In his old age, however, he became diseased in his feet. |
| 5 | Joshua 18:24–25 | Chephar-ammoni, Ophni, and Geba—twelve cities, along with their villages. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עָבְרוּ, 'a.ve.Rugenerated
The verb עָבַר (abar) is a perfect third person common plural form meaning 'they have passed over'. It describes the action of crossing or transitioning from one place to another, which in this context refers to the movement of the Assyrian forces.
This verb can also imply a sense of arrogance or crossing boundaries, but here it focuses on the physical act of crossing a geographical feature, emphasizing the military advance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is primarily read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase have crossed for עָבְרוּ.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb עָבְרוּ governs the sentence, indicating the action of crossing. The structure includes a prepositional phrase describing the location of the crossing and additional clauses that detail the intended resting place and the reactions of the cities.
The sentence is constructed with a clear subject-verb agreement, and the order emphasizes the action of crossing as the focal point, leading into the subsequent reactions of fear.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עָבְרוּ as παρελεύσεται, which suggests a similar action of crossing but may carry a slightly different nuance in the Greek context, focusing on the act of passing rather than the emotional implications.
This choice reflects a broader understanding of movement and transition, aligning with the military theme of the passage.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 10:29 describes the Assyrian forces crossing a ford and planning to rest at Geba. The cities of Ramah and Gibeah react with fear as they sense the danger. This highlights the tension and urgency surrounding military movements in the region.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the Assyrian forces have moved over a geographical barrier, marking their advance into the territory.
Ramah trembles due to the fear and anxiety caused by the approaching Assyrian army.
Geba is a city in Benjamin, and its mention as a resting place indicates its strategic importance during military movements.
It signifies that Gibeah, the birthplace of Saul, is in a state of panic and is trying to escape the impending threat.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I respond to situations that cause fear or anxiety in my life?
- What can I learn from the actions of the cities in this verse regarding facing threats?
- In what ways can I prepare for challenges that may arise unexpectedly?
- How does this passage reflect the consequences of conflict in communities?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 10:29 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey are gone over the passage,.... Or "from the passage" (b); not of Jordan, as the Targum; but rather of Michmash, 1 Samuel 13:23 this to be understood of the king of Assyria with his army: they
Read John Gill on Isaiah 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe is come to Aiath, he is passed to Migron; at Michmash he hath laid up his carriages: Onward gradual march of Sennacherib's army toward Jerusalem, and the panic of the inhabitants, vividly pictured before the eyes.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe passage; some considerable passage then well known, possibly that . The people fled to Jerusalem for fear of the Assyrian.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 10:29 They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled.Ver. 29. They are gone over the passages,] i.e., The straits, between two rocks.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 29. They are gone over the passage - "They have passed the strait"] The strait here mentioned is that of Michmas, a very narrow passage between two sharp hills or rocks, (see 1 Samuel 14:4-5,) where a great army might have been opposed with advantage by a very inferior force. The author of the Book of Judith might perhaps mean this pass, at least among others: "Charging them to keep the passages of the hill country, for by them there was an entrance into Judea; and it was easy to stop them that would come up, because the passage was strait for two men at the most," Judith 4:7. The enemies having passed the strait without opposition, shows that all thoughts of making a stand in the…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey are gone over the passage - The word “passage” (מעברה ma‛ebı̂râh) may refer to any passage or ford of a stream, a shallow part of a river where crossing was practicable; or it may refer to any
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible29-34. The towns or villages lay within from two to twelve miles (English) north-northeast from Jerusalem.“He comes from Ayyath; (Ai, probably ten to twelve miles from Jerusalem;) passes through
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees.
They have gone over the pass. They have taken up their lodging at Geba. Ramah trembles. Gibeah of Saul has fled.
They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees.
They went through the pass, spent the night at Geba. Ramah trembled, Gibeah of Saul ran away.
Tyndale line
They are gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul is fled.
they are gone over the pass; they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah trembleth; Gibeah of Saul is fled.
they are gone over the pass; they have taken up their lodging at Geba: Ramah trembleth; Gibeah of Saul is fled.
They have gone over the passage: they have taken up their lodging at Geba; Ramah is afraid; Gibeah of Saul hath fled.
They haue gone ouer the foorde: they lodged in the lodging at Geba: Ramah is afraide: Gibeah of Saul is fled away.
Strictly literal
They are gone through the pass; they make their lodging at Geba: Ramah trembleth, Gibeah of Saul is fled.
They have gone over the passage, Geba they have made a lodging place, Trembled hath Rama, Gibeah of Saul fled.
They have gone over the passage, || They have made Geba a lodging place, || Rama has trembled, || Gibeah of Saul fled.
They go through the pass; they take up their lodging at Geba'; Ramah trembleth; Gib'ah of Saul fleeth.
They have crossed over the pass and they lodge at Geba. Ramah trembles and Gibeah of Saul has fled.
From the Latin
They have passed in haste, Gaba is our lodging: Rama was astonished, Gabaath of Saul fled away.
Simplified
They cross the pass, saying, “We'll stay overnight at Geba.” The people of Ramah tremble in fear; the inhabitants of Gibeah of Saul run away.
They have gone across the mountain; Geba will be our resting-place tonight, they say: Ramah is shaking with fear; Gibeah of Saul has gone in flight.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Septuagint, with 6 of the 10 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls also support the Masoretic Text, showing consistency in the wording, although some words were restored by editors.
עָֽבְרוּ֙ מַעְבָּרָ֔ה גֶּ֖בַע מָל֣וֹן לָ֑נוּ חָֽרְדָה֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה גִּבְעַ֥ת שָׁא֖וּל נָֽסָה׃
6 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עבר במעברה גבע מלון ל׳נו חרדה הרמה גבעת שאול נסה
10 words on the leather.
[עברו] [מעברה] [גבע] [מלון] [ל׳נו] חרדה הרמה גבעת [שאול] [נסה]
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 10:29
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on
Qal
pass over
Pass beyond
Pass through, traverse
pass along by
pass by
sweep by, of scourge
be past, over, of time
pass along (from hand to hand)
Pass on, go on
Pass away
Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
Pi.
his bull impregnateth
cause one to cross river
cause something to pass over
make over to
devote children to (לְ) heathen god
pass along (from hand to hand)
cause to pass through
let pass through
cause to pass by
let pass by
cause arrow to pass beyond
cause to pass under rod, for counting
cause to pass away, take away
Hiph.
cause to pass over, bring over
he made to pass across with chains of gold
base
[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
base
H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over
. Pass beyond
. Pass through, traverse
. . pass along by
. pass by
. sweep by, of scourge
. be past, over, of time
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. Pass on, go on
. Pass away
. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded
. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river
. cause something to pass over
. make over to
. devote children to (לְ) heathen god
. pass along (from hand to hand)
. . cause to pass through
. let pass through
. . cause to pass by
. let pass by
. cause arrow to pass beyond
. cause to pass under rod, for counting
. cause to pass away, take away
. . cause to pass over, bring over
. he made to pass across with chains of gold
H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself
5674 `abar aw-bar'
a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any
transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,
intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in
copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,
through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),
convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,
gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,
in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,
overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)
pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,
through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,
provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,
send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X
speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)
transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be
wrath.
עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.
1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over
1a2) to pass beyond
1a3) to pass through, traverse
1a3a) passers-through (participle)
1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)
1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by
1a4a) passer-by (participle)
1a4b) to be past, be over
1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance
1a6) to pass away
1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)
1a6b) to vanish
1a6c) to perish, cease to exist
1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)
1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands
1b) (Niphal) to be crossed
1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross
1d) (Hiphil)
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
מַעֲבָר (ma`abar) refers to a crossing place, specifically a ford or pass, where one can traverse a river or mountain. The term can also imply the act of passing or transit. Relatedly, מַעֲבָרָה (ma`abarah) carries the same meanings, emphasizing the concept of passage.
[מַעֲבָר] n.[m.] ford, pass, passing
base
מַעֲבָרָה n.f. ford, pass, passing
base
H4569a מַעֲבָר ford, pass, passing H4569b מַעֲבָרָה ford, pass, passing
4569 ma`abar mah-ab-awr'
or feminine mapabarah {mah-ab-aw-raw'}; from 5674; a
crossing-place (of a river, a ford; of a mountain, a pass);
abstractly, a transit, i.e. (figuratively)
overwhelming:--ford, place where...pass, passage.
see HEBREW for 05674
מַעֲבָר (ma.a.var) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
מַעֲבָרָה (ma.a.va.rah) — ford.
1) ford, pass, passing
1a) ford
1b) pass
1c) passing, sweep
Also means: ma.a.var (מַעֲבָר "ford" H4569A)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
גֶּ֫בַע (Geba) refers to a Levitical city located in the territory of Benjamin, identified with the modern site 'Jeba'. The name means 'hill', reflecting its elevated position northeast of Jerusalem. The entries also note that it is associated with other locations like Gibeah and Gibeon. There is some overlap in naming, as it is sometimes referred to as Gibeah.
גֶּ֫בַע n.pr.loc. Levitical city, in Benjamin
base
H1387 גֶּ֫בַע Levitical city in Benjamin
1387 Geba` gheh'-bah
from the same as 1375, a hillock; Geba, a place in
Palestine:--Gaba, Geba, Gibeah.
see HEBREW for 01375
גֶּ֫בַע (ge.va) — Geba.
§ Gaba or Geba or Gibeah = "hill"
a city in Benjamin, modern 'Jeba', which stands on the top of a steep terraced hill, six miles or ten kilometres north east of Jerusalem and three miles or five kilometres from Gibeah, on the edge of the Wadi Suweinit looking northward to the opposite village of ancient Michmash, modern 'Mukhmas'
גֶּ֫בַע (ge.va) — Gibeah.
Gaba or Geba or Gibeah = "hill"
a city in Benjamin, modern 'Jeba', which stands on the top of a steep terraced hill, six miles or ten kilometres north east of Jerusalem and three miles or five kilometres from Gibeah, on the edge of the Wadi Suweinit looking northward to the opposite village of ancient Michmash, modern 'Mukhmas'
Another spelling of giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeah" H1390H)
גֶּ֫בַע (ge.va) — Geba.
Gaba or Geba or Gibeah = "hill"
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ge'-ba (gebha`, "hill"):
(1) A town on the Northeast boundary of the territory of Benjamin (Jos 18:24), given to the Levites (Jos 21:17; 1Ch 6:60). It stood on the northern frontier of the kingdom of Judah, Geba and Beersheba marking respectively the northern and southern limits (2Ki 23:8). In 2Sa 5:25 "Geba" should be altered to "Gibeon," which stands in the corresponding passage, 1Ch 14:16. In Jud 20:10,33; 1Sa 13:3,16, the Hebrew reads "Geba," the…
Geba
The hill, (2 Sam. 5:25 [1 Chr. 14:16, “Gibeon”]; 2 Kings 23:8; Neh. 11:31), a Levitical city of Benjamin (1 Kings 15:22; 1 Sam. 13:16; 14:5, wrongly “Gibeah” in the A.V.), on the north border of Judah near Gibeah (Isa. 10:29; Josh. 18:24, 28). “From Geba to Beersheba” expressed the whole extent of the kingdom of Judah, just as “from Dan to Beersheba” described the whole length of Palestine (2 Kings…
(a hill), a city of Benjamin, with "suburbs," allotted to the priests. (Joshua 21:17; 1 Chronicles 6:60) It is named amongst the first group of the Benjamite towns --apparently those lying near to and along the north boundary. (Joshua 18:24) Here the name is given as GABA. During the wars of the earlier part of the reign of Saul, Geba was held as a garrison by the Philistines, (1 Samuel 13:3) but they were ejected by Jonathan. It is now the modern village of Jeba , which stands picturesquely on the top of its steep terraced hill, six miles north of Jerusalem, on the very edge of the great Wady Suweinit , looking northward to the opposite village of ancient Michmash, which…
A Levitical town of Benjamin, Jos 18:24 21:17 1Ch 8:6, near Ramah, Ne 7:30 Isa 10:29, and not far from the northern border of the kingdom of Judah, 2Ki 23:8 Zec 14:10. Near Geba David defeated the Philistines, 2Sa 5:25. Asa renewed it from the ruins of Ramah, 1Ki 15:22. It was six or seven miles from Jerusalem, and was separated from Michmash on the north by a deep valley. See GIBEAH.
מָלוֹן (malown) refers to a lodging place, such as an inn or khan, where travelers can stay. It is derived from the root meaning to lodge. The term is used in contexts related to accommodations for travelers.
מָלוֹן n.m. lodging-place, inn, khan
base
H4411 מָלוֹן lodging-place, inn, khan
4411 malown maw-lone'
from 3885; a lodgment, i.e. caravanserai or
encampment:--inn, place where...lodge, lodging (place).
see HEBREW for 03885
מָלוֹן (ma.lon) — lodging.
place of lodging, inn, khan
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
plas: Normally for maqom, Old Testament, and topos, New Testament, but in the King James Version "place" represents a great number of Hebrew and Greek words, often used with no difference in force (e.g. 2Ch 35:10,15). the Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes, but occasionally has attempted to specialize the meaning (Ge 40:13; Job 37:8; Ac 8:32; Jas 3:11, etc.).
נוּ (nu) — us.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person plural
HR/Sp1bp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bp
US, pronoun objective case of we.
Give us this day our daily bread.
Us , pron. [OE. us, AS. s; akin to OFries. & OS. s, D. ons, G. uns, Icel. & Sw. oss, Dan. os, Goth. uns, L. nos we, us, Gr. we, Skr. nas us. . Cf. Nostrum, Our.] The persons speaking, regarded as an object; ourselves; — the objective case of we. See We. “Tell us a tale.” Chaucer.
Give us this day our daily bread. Matt. vi. 11.
Us, pron. oblique case of we
חָרַד (charad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tremble or be terrified. It encompasses a range of meanings, including trembling of both people and mountains, being anxiously careful, and causing others to tremble, particularly in the context of driving an army in terror. The entries suggest a strong emphasis on fear and anxiety.
חָרַד vb. tremble, be terrified
Qal
tremble, quake
tremble, of persons
be anxiously careful
with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling
Hiph. drive in terror, rout as army
base
H2729 חָרַד tremble, be terrified .. tremble, quake
. tremble, of persons
. be anxiously careful
. with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling
. drive in terror, rout as army
2729 charad khaw-rad'
a primitive root; to shudder with terror; hence, to fear;
also to hasten (with anxiety):--be (make) afraid, be careful,
discomfit, fray (away), quake, tremble.
חָרַד (cha.rad) — to tremble.
1) to tremble, quake, move about, be afraid, be startled, be terrified
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tremble, quake (of a mountain)
1a2) to tremble (of people)
1a3) to be anxiously careful
1a4) to go or come trembling (with prep)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to tremble
1b2) to drive in terror, rout (an army)
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
רָמָה (Ramah) means 'the Height' or 'hill' and refers to several locations in ancient Palestine, including a fortified city in Naphtali and a town in Benjamin near Gibeah. It is associated with the Benjamites after their return from captivity and is mentioned in the context of battles, such as between Israel and Syria. The lexicons note various geographical references but do not present significant disagreement.
רָמָה n.pr.loc. the Height, Rama
in Benj., on border of Ephr.
in hill-country of Ephr. (= 1 ?), home of Samuel
in Asher
in Naphtali
2 K 8:29
base
H7414 רָמָה the Height, Rama
7414 Ramah raw-maw'
the same as 7413; Ramah, the name of four places in
Palestine:--Ramah.
see HEBREW for 07413
רָמָה (ra.mah) — Ramah.
Ramah = "hill"
a place rehabited by the Benjamites after the return from captivity
Also named: Rhama (Ῥαμᾶ "Ramah" G4471)
רָמָה (ra.mah) — Ramah.
§ Ramah = "hill"
landmark on the boundary of Asher, apparently between Tyre and Zidon
רָמָה (ra.mah) — Ramah.
§ Ramah = "hill"
a fortified city in Naphtali
רָמָה (ra.mah) — Ramah.
Ramah = "hill"
a town in Benjamin on the border of Ephraim about 5 miles (8 km) from Jerusalem and near to Gibeah
Another name of mits.pah (מִצְפָּה "Mizpah" H4709G)
רָמָה (ra.mah) — Ramah.
Ramah = "hill"
a place of battle between Israel and Syria
Another name of ra.mot gi.l.ad (רָמֹת "Ramoth" H7433)
Art | N-proper — Particle · noun properHTd/Npl
ra'-ma (ha-ramah, without the definite article only in Ne 11:33; Jer 31:15): The name denotes height, from root rum, "to be high," and the towns to which it applied seem all to have stood on elevated sites.
(1) Codex Vaticanus Arael; Codex Alexandrinus Rhama: A fenced city in the lot assigned to Naphtali (Jos 19:36). Only in this passage is the place referred to. It is probably identical with the modern er-Rameh, a large Christian village on the highway from Cafed to the coast, about 8 miles West-Southwest of that city. To the North rises the mountain range which forms the southern boundary of Upper Galilee. In the valley to the South there is much rich land cultivated by the villagers. The olives grown here are very fine…
(a hill). This is the name of several places in the holy land. One of the cities of the allotment of Benjamin. (Joshua 18:25) Its site is at er-Ram , about five miles from Jerusalem, and near to Gibeah. (Judges 4:5; 19:13; 1 Samuel 22:6) Its people returned after the captivity. (Ezra 2:26; Nehemiah 7:30) The home of Elkanah, Samuel’s father, (1 Samuel 1:19; 2:11) the birthplace of Samuel himself, his home and official residence, the site of his altar ch. (1 Samuel 7:17; 8:4; 15:34; 16:13; 19:18) and finally his…
Plural RAMOTH, an eminence; and hence many places in Palestine are named Ramah, Ramath, Ramath, Ramathaim, etc. Sometimes the same place is called by one or other of these names indiscriminately, all signifying the same, 2Ki 8:28,29. Sometimes Rama, Or Ramoth, is joined to another name, to determine the place of such city or eminence; and it is sometimes put simply for a high place, and signifies neither city nor village.
1. The principal Ramah was a city of Benjamin, near Gibeah, towards the mountains of Ephraim, six miles from Jerusalem north, and on the road from Samaria to Jerusalem, Jos 18:25 Jud 19:13 Ne 11:33. It was near the border line between Judah and Israel…
same as Ram
גִּבְעָה (Gib'ah) means 'hill' and refers to several locations in ancient Palestine, notably a city in the mountainous region of Judah and another in Benjamin, which is recognized as the birthplace of King Saul. The entries indicate that it is derived from a similar word, גִּבְעָה (H1389), emphasizing its geographical significance.
גִּבְעָה n.pr.loc. (hill)
a city of Judah
city of Benj.
a city of Ephraim
base
H1390 גִּבְעָה (hill)
1390 Gib`ah ghib-aw'
the same as 1389; Gibah; the name of three places in
Palestine:--Gibeah, the hill.
see HEBREW for 01389
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — Gibeah.
§ Gibeah = "hill"
a city in the mountain district of Judah
גִּבְעָה (giv.ah) — Gibeah.
§ Gibeah = "hill"
a city of Benjamin, birthplace of king Saul
N-proper — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁאוּל (Sha'uwl) means 'asked' and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament, most notably Saul, the first king of Israel from the tribe of Benjamin. The entries indicate that the name can refer to multiple individuals, including an early king of Edom and a Levite. The name is derived from a passive participle form, suggesting a connection to the act of asking.
שָׁאוּל n.pr.m. (= asked)
397 1st king of Isr.
a king of Edom
a son of Simeon
a Levite
base
H7586 שָׁאוּל (= asked)
7586 Sha'uwl shaw-ool'
passive participle of 7592; asked; Shaul, the name of an
Edomite and two Israelites:--Saul, Shaul.
see HEBREW for 07592
שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Saul.
A king of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.2;
son of: Kish (H7027); married to Ahinoam (H0293) and Rizpah (H7532);
father of: Jonathan (H3083H), Abinadab (H0041H), Malchi-shua (H4444), Merab (H4764), Michal (H4324), Ish-bosheth (H0378), Armoni (H0764), Mephibosheth (H4648H)
§ Saul or Shaul = "desired"
1) a Benjamite, son of Kish, and the 1st king of Israel
2) an early king of Edom and a successor of Samlah
3) a son of Simeon
4) a Levite, son of Uzziah
שָׁאוּל (sha.ul) — Shaul.
A man of the tribe of Simeon living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.10;
son of: Simeon (H8095) and Canaanite_woman (H3669);
brother of: Jemuel (H3223), Jamin (H3226), Ohad (H0161), Jachin (H3199) and Zerah (H2226L);
father of: Shallum (H7967K)
Also named: sha.u.li (שָׁאוּלִי "Shaulite" H7587)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sol (sha'ul; Saoul):
(1) The first king of Israel.
I. EARLY HISTORY
1. Name and Meaning
2. Genealogy
3. Home and Station
4. Sources for Life
5. Election as King
6. Reasons for It
II. REIGN AND FALL
1. His First Action
2. Army Reorganized
3. Battle of Michmash
4. Defeats the Amalekites
5. Deposition Pronounced
6. David Introduced to Saul
7. Two Accounts
8. Saul's Envy of David
9. Attempts to Get Rid of David
10. David Spares Saul
11. Saul's Divided Energies
12. Consults a Necromancer
13. Battle of Gilboa
14. Double Accounts
15. Saul's Posterity
III. CHARACTER
1. Book of Chronicles
2. Saul's Failings
3. His Virtue
4. David's Elegy
I. Early History.
1. Name and Meaning:
The name Saul is usually regarded as simply the passive participle of the verb "to ask," and so meaning "asked" (compare 1Sa 8:4 ff), but the gentilic adjective sha'uli (
Saul
Asked for. (1.) A king of Edom (Gen. 36:37, 38); called Shaul in 1 Chr. 1:48.
(2.) The son of Kish (probably his only son, and a child of prayer, “asked for”), of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Jewish nation. The singular providential circumstances connected with his election as king are recorded in 1 Sam. 8-10. His father’s she-asses had strayed, and Saul was sent with a servant to seek for them. Leaving his home at Gibeah (10:5, “the hill of God,” A.V.; lit., as in R.V. marg., “Gibeah of God”), Saul and his servant went toward the north-west over Mount Ephraim, and then turning north-east they came to “the land of Shalisha,” and thence eastward to the land of Shalim, and at length came to the district of Zuph, near Samuel’s home at Ramah (9:5-10). At this point…
(desired), more accurately Shaul. One of the early kings of Edom, and successor of Samlah. (Genesis 36:37,38; 1 Chronicles 1:48) (B.C. after 1450.) The first king of Israel, the son of Kish, and of the tribe of Benjamin. (B.C, 1095-1055.) His character is in part illustrated by the fierce, wayward, fitful nature of the tribe and in part accounted for by the struggle between the old and new systems in which he found himself involved. To this we must add a taint of madness. which broke out in violent frenzy at times leaving him with long lucid intervals. He was remarkable for his strength and activity, (2 Samuel 1:25) and, like the Homeric heroes, of gigantic stature, taller by head and shoulders than the rest of the people, and…
The son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin, the first king of the Israelites, anointed by Samuel, B. C. 1091, and after a reign of forty years filled with various events, slain with his sons on Mount Gilboa. He was succeeded by David, who was his son-in-law, and whom he had endeavored to put to death. His history is contained in 1Sa 10:1-31:13. It is a sad and admonitory narrative. The morning of his reign was bright with special divine favors, both providential, and spiritual, 1Sa 9:20 10:1-11,24,25. But he soon began to disobey God, and was rejected as unworthy to found a line of kings; his sins and misfortunes multiplied, and his sun went down in gloom. In his first war with the Ammonites, God was with him; but then follow his presumptuous sacrifice, in the absence of Samuel…
נוּס (nus) is a Hebrew verb meaning to flee or escape. It encompasses various nuances, including taking flight, disappearing, or driving hastily to safety. The word appears in different forms, such as Qal, Polel, Hithpolel, and Hiphil, indicating actions like fleeing, causing to disappear, or putting to flight. An Aramaic equivalent is noted as נוּד (nud).
נוּס 160 vb. flee, escape
Qal
flee
escape
take flight, depart, disappear
fly (to the attack) on horseback.
Po‛lel the breath of י׳ driveth at it, driveth it on
Hithpo‛l. in order to take flight before the bow
Hiph.
put to flight
drive hastily to a safe place
cause to disappear, hide
base
H5127 נוּס flee, escape
5127 nuwc noos
a primitive root; to flit, i.e. vanish away (subside, escape;
causatively, chase, impel, deliver):--X abate, away, be
displayed, (make to) flee (away, -ing), put to flight, X hide,
lift up a standard.
נוּס (nus) — to flee.
1) to flee, escape
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flee
1a2) to escape
1a3) to take flight, m depart, disappear
1a4) to fly (to the attack) on horseback
1b) (Polel) to drive at
1c) (Hithpolel) to take flight
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to put to flight
1d2) to drive hastily
1d3) to cause to disappear, hide
Aramaic equivalent: nud (נוּד "to flee" H5111)
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs