Isaiah 11:8 — Word Study
WLCוְשִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע יוֹנֵ֖ק עַל־ חֻ֣ר פָּ֑תֶן וְעַל֙ מְאוּרַ֣ת צִפְעוֹנִ֔י גָּמ֖וּל יָד֥וֹ הָדָֽה׃
BSAThe infantyânaq [suckling child, nursing] will playshâʻaʻ [delight, take pleasure] byʻal the cobra’spethen [venomous snake, asp] denchûwr [hole, cavern] ◂and the toddlergâmal [weaned child, young one] will reachhâdâh△■ [stretch out, extend] intoʻal the viper’stsephaʻ [poisonous serpent, adder] nestmᵉʼûwrâh△ [den, hole]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְשִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע | and he will play | Verb, Piel, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| יוֹנֵ֖ק | a suckling-child | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עַל־ | over | Preposition |
| חֻ֣ר | [the] hole of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| פָּ֑תֶן | a cobra | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְעַל֙ | and over | Conjunction, preposition |
| מְאוּרַ֣ת | [the] nest of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| צִפְעוֹנִ֔י | a viper | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| גָּמ֖וּל | a weaned [child] | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| יָד֥וֹ | hand his | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| הָדָֽה׃ | he will put out | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest. |
| KJV | And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den. |
| ASV | And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adder’s den. |
| YLT | And played hath a suckling by the hole of an asp, And on the den of a cockatrice Hath the weaned one put his hand. |
| WEB | The nursing child will play near a cobra’s hole, and the weaned child will put his hand on the viper’s den. |
| BBE | And the child at the breast will be playing by the hole of the snake, and the older child will put his hand on the bright eye of the poison-snake. |
Translations consistently render the key terms in a similar manner, maintaining the imagery of safety and playfulness.
The sentence features two main clauses, each describing the actions of the children in relation to their surroundings.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיָנַק
verbשָׁעַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 11 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 11:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Vision of Peacegenerated
Isaiah 11:8 presents a striking image of peace where young children interact playfully with dangerous creatures, symbolizing a future where fear and danger are absent. This verse is part of a broader prophecy that describes the idyllic conditions of the messianic age, where harmony prevails among all living beings, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 59:5 | They hatch the eggs of vipers and weave a spider’s web. Whoever eats their eggs will die; crack one open, and a viper is hatched. |
| 2 | Psalm 140:3 | They sharpen their tongues like snakes; the venom of vipers is on their lips. Selah |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע, ve.shi.'a.Sha'generated
The verb שָׁעַע (sha`a`) in the Piel form indicates an active engagement in delight or play. It captures the essence of taking pleasure in an activity, suggesting a joyful interaction with the environment around the child.
The parsing as a sequential perfect third person masculine singular shows that this action is completed, emphasizing the child's ongoing enjoyment in the moment described.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
Translations generally agree on the meaning of שִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע as play, reflecting a sense of delight.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע governs the sentence, with two subjects: יוֹנֵ֖ק (yo.Nek, suckling child) and גָּמ֖וּל (ga.Mul, weaned child). The structure emphasizes the actions of both children in relation to their environments.
The prepositional phrases describe the locations related to the actions of the subjects, creating a vivid picture of their interactions with the cobra's den and the viper's nest.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word for שִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע is rendered as παιδίον (paidion), which means 'child' and emphasizes the innocence of the child in the scene.
This choice highlights the vulnerability and safety of the child in the presence of danger, aligning with the overall theme of peace in the prophecy.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 11:8 describes a peaceful scene where a suckling child plays near a cobra's den, and a weaned child reaches into a viper's nest. This imagery illustrates a time when children can interact with dangerous animals without fear, symbolizing a future of safety and harmony.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This imagery signifies a time of peace where danger is absent, allowing children to play freely without fear of harm.
Cobra and viper symbolize danger and evil, and their mention emphasizes the miraculous change in nature where even the most dangerous creatures pose no threat.
This action illustrates the innocence and fearlessness of children in a transformed world, where they can interact with danger without harm.
This verse is part of a larger prophecy that depicts the messianic age, a time of peace and restoration where all creation lives in harmony.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the imagery of children playing with dangerous animals teach us about the nature of peace?
- How can we cultivate a sense of safety and harmony in our own lives and communities?
- In what ways does this verse challenge our understanding of fear and danger?
- How does the promise of peace in Isaiah 11 inspire hope for the future?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers referenced this verse to illustrate themes of innocence and divine protection, emphasizing the transformative power of faith.
Happily the Creator has promised by Isaiah to give this power even to little children, of putting their hand in the cockatrice den and on the hole of the young asps without at all receiving hurt.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
Listen to how the flesh of God becomes an antidote: The Word became flesh; He put His hand into the den of vipers, He expelled the venom, He removed sin; that is, He condemned sin in the flesh.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 11 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 11:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp,.... Without fear or danger: and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's den; and suffer no damage: the meaning is explained in
Read John Gill on Isaiah 11 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice' den. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp - "play," literally, delight himself in sport.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 11 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe asp; a most fierce and poisonous serpent, ,16, which also will not be charmed by any art of man, . The cockatrice; a serpent of more than ordinary cunning and cruelty, . The meaning is, They shall not fear to be either deceived or destroyed by those who formerly watched all opportunities to do it.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 11 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 11:8 And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den.Ver. 8. And the sucking child shall play upon the hole of the asp, &c.] There shall be no danger from calumniators and cruel crafties, asps and basilisks, quorum in labris venenum sessitat These homines damnosissimi most damnable men shall have a new nature transfused into them; their malignities and mischievous qualities shall cease when once truly converted. A fabulous reptile, also called a cockatrice, alleged to be hatched by a serpent from a cock’ s egg; ancient authors stated that its hissing drove away all other serpents, and that its breath, and even…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 11 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp . . .—The description culminates in the transformation of the brute forms which were most identified with evil. As it is, the sight of a child near the hole of the asp (the cobra) or cockatrice (better, perhaps, basilisk, the great viper), would make its mother scream with terror. There was still “enmity between the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent” (Genesis 3:15), but in the far-off reign of the Christ even that enmity should disappear, and the very symbols of evil, subtle, malignant, venomous, should be reconciled to humanity. Some critics translate the last clause, “shall stretch out his hand to the eye-ball of the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 11 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. The cockatrice' den.] This is supposed, both by the Targum and by Kimchi, to mean the pupil of this serpent's eye. "When," says Kimchi, "he is in the mouth of his den, in an obscure place, then his eyes sparkle exceedingly: the child, seeing this, and supposing it to be a piece of crystal, or precious stone, puts forth his hand to take it. What would be very dangerous at another time, shall be safe in the days of the Messiah; for the serpent will not hurt the child."
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 11 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. The most startling contrast of all,—the innocent babe playing with the deadly serpent. asp] Heb. pethen, rendered “adder” in Psalms 58:4; Psalms 91:13, elsewhere as here. The species has not been identified. The cockatrice (çiph ‘ônî, rendered “adder” in Proverbs 23:32) is usually identified with the basilisk (or King-serpent) of North Africa, but that reptile is not found in Palestine. The word den (only here) is doubtful. The most natural view is that it is fem. of the word for “luminary” and denotes the glittering eye of the serpent, which attracts the child like a jewel. The verb rendered put means strictly “lead”; comp. ducere manum.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 11 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd the sucking child - An emblem here of harmlessness and innocence. The change in the world, under the Messiah, shall be as great as if a sucking infant should be able to play unharmed with a venomous serpent.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.
The nursing child will play near a cobra’s hole, and the weaned child will put his hand on the viper’s den.
The infant will play by the cobra’s den, and the toddler will reach into the viper’s nest.
A baby will play over the hole of a snake; over the nest of a serpent an infant will put his hand.
Tyndale line
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice’ den.
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adder’s den.
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the basilisk’s den.
And the suckling child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the den of the basilisk.
And the sucking childe shall play vpon the hole of the aspe, and the wained childe shall put his hand vpon the cockatrice hole.
Strictly literal
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the adder, and the weaned child shall put forth its hand to the viper's den.
And played hath a suckling by the hole of an asp, And on the den of a cockatrice Hath the weaned one put his hand.
And a suckling has played by the hole of a cobra, || And on the den of a viper || The weaned one has put his hand.
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and on the basilisk's den shall the weaned child stretch out his hand.
A baby will play over the hole of the snake, and the weaned child will put his hand on the serpent's den.
From the Latin
And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp: and the weaned child shall thrust his hand into the den of the basilisk.
Simplified
Babies will be able to play safely near snake holes, little children will be able to put their hands into a vipers' den.
And the child at the breast will be playing by the hole of the snake, and the older child will put his hand on the bright eye of the poison-snake.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with the Dead Sea Scrolls providing additional support. The 1Qisaa scroll matches the MT closely, while the 4Q56 and 4Q57 scrolls show some variations in wording, but the core message remains intact.
וְשִֽׁעֲשַׁ֥ע יוֹנֵ֖ק עַל־ חֻ֣ר פָּ֑תֶן וְעַל֙ מְאוּרַ֣ת צִפְעוֹנִ֔י גָּמ֖וּל יָד֥וֹ הָדָֽה׃
10 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וישעשע יונק על חור פתן ועל מאורות צפעונים גמול יד׳ו הדה
11 words on the leather.
[ושעשע] [יונק] [על] [חר] [פתן] [ועל] [מאורת] [צפעוני] [גמול] יד׳ו הדה
2 words on the leather — 9 supplied entire by an editor.
[ושעשע] [יונק] [על] חור פתן ועל מאורת צפעונים גמול יד׳ו יהדה
8 words on the leather — 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 11:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁעַע (sha`a`) has meanings related to both being smeared or blinded and taking delight or sport. It can describe the act of smearing eyes shut or delighting oneself in various activities. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical actions to emotional states, but do not present any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[שָׁעַע] vb. be smeared over, blinded
Qal Hithpalp. blind yourselves and be blind!
Hiph. and its eyes besmear!
base
[שָׁעַע] vb. Pilp., etc., sport, take delight in, delight
Pilp. the suckling shall sport on the cobra’s hole
Palp. upon the knees shall ye be fondled.
Hithpalp. in thy statutes will I delight myself
base
H8173a שָׁעַע be smeared over, blinded H8173b שָׁעַע sport, take delight in, delight
8173 sha`a` shaw-ah'
a primitive root; (in a good acceptation) to look upon (with
complacency), i.e. fondle, please or amuse (self); (in a bad
one) to look about (in dismay), i.e. stare:--cry (out) (by
confusion with 7768), dandle, delight (self), play, shut.
see HEBREW for 07768
שָׁעַע (sha.a) — to smear.
1) to be smeared over, be blinded
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be smeared over, be blinded
1a2) to smear eyes shut
1b) (Hiphil) to besmear (of eyes), smear over eyes
1c) (Hithpalpel) to blind oneself, be blinded
שָׁעַע (sha.a) — to delight.
1) to sport, take delight in
1a) (Pilpel) to sport, delight in, take delight in, delight oneself
1b) (Palpal) to be fondled
1c) (Hithpalpel) to delight oneself
Conj | V-l-3ms — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vpq3ms
pla.
See GAMES.
יָנַק (yanaq) means to suck or suckle, particularly in the context of an infant nursing at its mother's breast. It can also refer to the act of giving milk or nursing, with related forms indicating a nursing mother or suckling child. The entries consistently emphasize the nurturing aspect of this word.
[יָנַק] vb. suck
Qal suck, of infant at mother's breast
Hiph. give suck to, nurse
base
H3243 יָנַק suck .suck, of infant at mother's breast
. give suck to, nurse
3243 yanaq yaw-nak'
a primitive root; to suck; causatively, to give milk:--milch,
nurse(-ing mother), (give, make to) suck(-ing child, -ling).
יָנַק (ya.naq) — to suckle.
1) to suckle, nurse, suck
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to suck
1a2) suckling, babe (subst)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to give suck to, nurse
1b2) nursing, nursing woman, nurse (participle)
V-Qal — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Child
This word has considerable latitude of meaning in Scripture. Thus Joseph is called a child at the time when he was probably about sixteen years of age (Gen. 37:3); and Benjamin is so called when he was above thirty years (44:20). Solomon called himself a little child when he came to the kingdom (1 Kings 3:7).
The descendants of a man, however remote, are called his children; as, “the children of Edom,” “the children of Moab,” “the children of Israel.”
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
חֻר (chur) refers to a hole or cavern, derived from a root likely meaning to bore. The entries suggest it can denote a crevice, such as that of a serpent, or a prison cell. Brown-Driver-Briggs notes it as a masculine noun, while Strong's highlights its connection to the concept of a hole.
חֻר, חוּר n.[m.] id. [חֹר]
base
H2352 חֻר, חוּר id. [חֹר]
2352 chuwr khoor
or (shortened) chur {khoor}; from an unused root probably
meaning to bore; the crevice of a serpent; the cell of a
prison:--hole.
חֻר (chur) — cavern.
hole
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פֶּ֫תֶן (pethen) refers to a venomous serpent, likely a cobra or similar snake, characterized by its twisting movements. The term appears in contexts that suggest danger due to its venomous nature. The entries indicate a consensus on its meaning as a snake, but do not provide specific verse references.
פֶּ֫תֶן n.m. a venomous serpent, perh. cobra
base
H6620 פֶּ֫תֶן a venomous serpent, perh. cobra
6620 pethen peh'-then
from an unused root meaning to twist; an asp (from its
contortions):--adder.
פֶּ֫תֶן (pe.ten) — cobra.
1) a snake, venomous serpent
1a) perhaps the cobra, adder, or viper
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
מְאוּרָה (muwrah) refers to a 'light-hole' or an aperture, suggesting an opening that allows light to enter. It is derived from the concept of something being lighted and can imply a crevice or hole, particularly in the context of a den or a serpent's lair.
[מְאוּרָה] n.f. light-hole
base
H3975 [מְאוּרָה] light-hole
3975 muwrah meh-oo-raw'
feminine passive participle of 215; something lighted, i.e.
an aperture; by implication, a crevice or hole (of a
serpent):--den.
see HEBREW for 0215
מְאוּרָה (me.u.rah) — hole.
light hole, den
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word צֶ֫פַע (*tsepha'*) refers to a poisonous serpent, specifically a viper or adder. It is derived from an unused root meaning to extrude, suggesting a connection to the hissing sound of such snakes. The related term צִפְעוֹנִי (*tsiph'oni*) also denotes a poisonous serpent. Both terms appear in contexts that emphasize their venomous nature.
צֶ֫פַע n.m. a (poisonous) serpent (from hissing ?);—Is 14:29; usu. taken as = following [r.dj.ac].
done
צִפְעוֹנִי n.m. id. [r.dj.ab]; a venomous viper, but vipers do not lay eggs
base
H6848a צֶ֫פַע a (poisonous) serpent H6848b צִפְעוֹנִי id. [6848a]
6848 tsepha` tseh'-fah; or tsiph from an unused root meaning to extrude; a viper (as thrusting out the tongue, i.e. hissing):--adder, cockatrice.
צֶ֫פַע (tse.pah) — serpent.
1) poisonous serpent
1a) a viper snake or adder
צִפְעוֹנִי (tsiph.o.ni) — serpent.
1) poisonous serpent
1a) a viper
Also means: tse.pah (צֶ֫פַע "serpent" H6848A)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Viper
In Job 20:16, Isa. 30:6; 59:5, the Heb. word eph’eh is thus rendered. The Hebrew word, however, probably denotes a species of poisonous serpents known by the Arabic name of ‘el ephah. Tristram has identified it with the sand viper, a species of small size common in sandy regions, and frequently found under stones by the shores of the Dead Sea. It is rapid in its movements, and highly poisonous. In the New Testament echidne is used (Matt. 3:7; 12:34; 23:33) for any poisonous snake. The viper mentioned in Acts 28:3 was probably the vipera aspis, or the Mediterranean viper. (See ADDER.)
[SERPENT]
A genus of serpents noted for the virulence of their poison, which is said to be one of the most dangerous in the animal kingdom. Hence the viper is a symbol of whatever is most evil and destructive, Job 20:16 Isa 30:6. As such the term was applied by Christ and by John to certain classes of the Jews, Mt 3:7 12:34 23:33 Lu 3:7. Paul’s escape from the bite of a viper in Malta led the people to believe that he was a god in human form, Ac 28:3. A species of viper in Northern Africa, though little more than a foot long is called the most formidable serpent there; and Hasselquist speaks of a viper in Cyprus, whose bits produces…
גָּמַל (gamal) is a Hebrew root meaning to deal fully or adequately with someone, which includes concepts like recompensing or rewarding. It also specifically refers to weaning a child and can denote the ripening of fruit, particularly almonds. The entries consistently highlight these meanings without significant disagreement.
גָּמַל vb. 1. deal fully or adequately with, deal out to. 2. wean. 3. ripen
Qal
deal out to, do to
deal bountifully with
recompense, repay, requite
wean a child (complete his nursing)
trans. ripen, bear ripe (almonds)
Niph. be weaned
base
H1580 גָּמַל 1. deal fully or adequately with, deal out to. 2. wean. 3. ripen
1580 gamal gaw-mal'
a primitive root; to treat a person (well or ill), i.e.
benefit or requite; by implication (of toil), to ripen, i.e.
(specifically) to wean:--bestow on, deal bountifully, do
(good), recompense, requite, reward, ripen, + serve, mean,
yield.
גָּמַל (ga.mal) — to wean.
1) to deal fully with, recompense
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to deal out to, do to
1a2) to deal bountifully with
1a3) to recompense, repay, requite
2) (Qal) to wean a child (Niphal) to be weaned
3) (Qal) to ripen, bear ripe (almonds)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVqsmsa
Child
This word has considerable latitude of meaning in Scripture. Thus Joseph is called a child at the time when he was probably about sixteen years of age (Gen. 37:3); and Benjamin is so called when he was above thirty years (44:20). Solomon called himself a little child when he came to the kingdom (1 Kings 3:7).
The descendants of a man, however remote, are called his children; as, “the children of Edom,” “the children of Moab,” “the children of Israel.”
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
HNcbsc/Sp3ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp3ms
הָדָה (hadah) is a primitive root meaning to stretch out the hand. The entries indicate its use primarily in the context of extending one's hand, as seen in Isaiah 11:8. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
הָדָה vb. stretch out the hand Is 11:8
ref
H1911 הָדָה stretch out the hand
1911 hadah haw-daw'
a primitive root (compare 3034); to stretch forth the
hand:--put.
see HEBREW for 03034
הָדָה (ha.dah) — to stretch out.
(Qal) to stretch out (hand)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms