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Isaiah 15:4 — Word Study

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WLCוַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־ יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־ כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃

BSAHeshbonCheshbôwn [a city east of the Jordan River] and ElealehʼElʻâlêʼ [a village of the Reubenites, meaning 'God is ascending'] cry outzâʻaq [in distress, with a loud voice] their voicesqôwl [sounds or utterances] are heardshâmaʻ [perceived and understood] as far asʻad [until, reaching the point of] JahazYahats [a place of Israel's victory over the Amorites] Thereforeʻal [in consequence, as a result] the soldierschâlats [armed men, warriors] of MoabMôwʼâb [a land and people descended from Lot] cry outrûwaʻ [shout, make a loud noise] their soulsnephesh [the essence of a person, their being] trembleyâraʻ [are shaken, quiver]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 15
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (lo) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 15:4quick helps
In a sentenceHeshbon and Elealeh are crying out, and the soldiers of Moab are trembling in fear.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, describing the distress of Moab.
Where we areIn a lament over Moab's impending destruction.
The hard wordחֲלֻצֵ֤י
Take awayThe cries of the cities reflect the fear gripping the soldiers of Moab.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbזָעַק The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 15:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Lament for Moabgenerated

3In its streets they wear sackcloth; on the rooftops and in the public squares they all wail, falling down weeping.
4Heshbon and Elealeh cry out; their voices are heard as far as Jahaz. Therefore the soldiers of Moab cry out; their souls tremble within.
5My heart cries out over Moab; her fugitives flee as far as Zoar, as far as Eglath-shelishiyah. With weeping they ascend the slope of Luhith; they lament their destruction on the road to Horonaim.
6The waters of Nimrim are dried up, and the grass is withered; the vegetation is gone, and the greenery is no more.

Isaiah 15:4 describes the cries of Heshbon and Elealeh as they lament the fate of Moab. The distress is so intense that their voices reach Jahaz, indicating the severity of the situation. The soldiers of Moab respond with fear, reflecting the chaos and despair that has overtaken them as they face impending doom.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 16:8–9For the fields of Heshbon have withered, along with the grapevines of Sibmah. The rulers of the nations have trampled its choicest vines, which had reached as far as Jazer and spread toward the desert. Their shoots had spread out and passed over the sea.
2Numbers 32:3–4“Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon,
3Jeremiah 48:34There is a cry from Heshbon to Elealeh; they raise their voices to Jahaz, from Zoar to Horonaim and Eglath-shelishiyah; for even the waters of Nimrim have dried up.
4Numbers 21:23But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory. Instead, he gathered his whole army and went out to confront Israel in the wilderness. When he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel.
5Deuteronomy 2:32So Sihon and his whole army came out for battle against us at Jahaz.

The Key Word חֲלֻצֵ֤י, cha.lu.Tzeigenerated

The word חֲלֻצֵ֤י (chalutzei) is a participle form of the verb חָלַץ (chalats), meaning to arm or equip for battle. It describes armed men, warriors prepared for combat, highlighting the military context of the verse.

This participle indicates the state of being armed, suggesting readiness for conflict. The parsing as a passive participle emphasizes that these warriors are equipped, possibly by an external force or circumstance.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַתִּזְעַ֤ק (va.tiz'aq), and it has cried out, governs the entire verse, with several phrases detailing the subjects and actions. The structure highlights the sequence of events, from the cries of Heshbon and Elealeh to the response of the soldiers of Moab.

The noun phrases חֶשְׁבּוֹן (cheshbon) and אֶלְעָלֵ֔ה (el'aleh) serve as the subjects of the cries, while the prepositional phrases provide context for the location and the consequence of the cries.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וַתִּזְעַ֤ק as κέκραγεν (kekrāgen), which carries a similar meaning of crying out. This choice reflects the urgency of the situation, emphasizing the distress expressed by the cities.

The translation of חֶשְׁבּוֹן as εσεβων (esevōn) indicates a direct correspondence, maintaining the identity of the city while adapting to the Greek language.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 15:4 describes the cries of Heshbon and Elealeh, two cities in Moab, as they lament their fate. Their voices are heard as far as Jahaz, indicating the seriousness of the situation. The soldiers of Moab respond with cries of fear, trembling at the impending disaster.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Heshbon and Elealeh cry out?

The cities are expressing their distress over the impending destruction and the plight of their people.

Why are the soldiers of Moab trembling?

They are fearful of the consequences of the impending attack and the devastation that is coming upon them.

What is the significance of Jahaz in this verse?

Jahaz is a location associated with Israel's victory over the Amorites, highlighting the historical context of conflict in this region.

How does this verse reflect the overall theme of judgment in Isaiah?

This verse is part of a larger lament for Moab, illustrating the consequences of their actions and the judgment from God that they are facing.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of distress in my own life or community?
  2. How can I respond to situations of fear or crisis with faith rather than despair?
  3. What lessons can I learn from the cries of Heshbon and Elealeh about expressing my own struggles?
  4. How does understanding the historical context of Jahaz deepen my appreciation for this passage?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, noting the significance of the cities Heshbon and Elealeh in the context of Moab's lament.

JeromeVerse 4. c. 347–420
Esbon and Eleale will cry out. These are the names of cities in the province of Moab, of which Esbon was once the city of the Amorite king.
Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 15 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 15:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh,.... Two other cities in the land of Moab.

Read John Gill on Isaiah 15 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 15 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Heshbon and Elealeh; two other Moabitish cities; of which see ,26 32:3,37. Jahaz another city in the utmost borders of Moab, , called also Jahazah, . The armed soldiers, who should be, and use to be, the most courageous. His life shall be grievous unto him; the Moabites shall generally long for death, to free themselves from those dreadful calamities which they perceive unavoidably coming upon them.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 15 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 15:4 And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard [even] unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him.Ver. 4. And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh.] See on Isaiah 15:2. The armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out.] As being faint hearted and unwilling to fight, because to no purpose. His life shall be grievous to him.] Heb., His soul shall be ill-affected to him, or, for himself; that is, say some, all his care shall be for himself; let others shift as they can.

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 15 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh . . .—Of the places thus named (1) Heshbon (now Heshan) was twenty miles east of the Jordan, on a line from the northern extremity of the Dead Sea. It is first mentioned as in the power of Sihon king of the Amorites (Numbers 21:26). On his overthrow it was assigned to the tribe of Reuben (Numbers 32:37), and became a city of the Levites (Joshua 21:39). It had probably fallen into the hands of the Moabites, to whom it had originally belonged (Numbers 21:26). Its ruins exhibit architecture of various periods, Jewish, Roman, and Saracenic; (2) Elealeh, obviously near Heshbon, had shared its fate (Numbers 32:3; Numbers 32:37). The ancient name still…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 15 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 4. The armed soldiers - "The very loins"] So the Septuagint, ἡοσφυς, and the Syriac. They cry out violently, with their utmost force.

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 15 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. (Cf. Jeremiah 48:34.) Heshbon and Elealeh (often mentioned together) are respectively about 4 and 6 miles N.E. of Nebo. Heshbon, once the capital of the Amorites (Numbers 21:26) and afterwards an Israelitish city (Numbers 32:37; Joshua 13:17; Joshua 21:39), is at the time of the prophecy in the possession of Moab. The site of Jahaz, where Sihon gave battle to the Israelites (Numbers 21:23), has not been discovered; probably it was some distance south from Heshbon. the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out] omit “shall” with R.V. Cf. ch. Isaiah 33:7. The “heroes of Moab” are mentioned in a similar plight in Jeremiah 48:41. his life shall be grievous unto him] Rather, as in R.V., his soul…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 15 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And Heshbon shall cry - This was a celebrated city of the Amorites, twenty miles east of the Jordan Joshua 13:17.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 15 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Heshbon and Elealeh cry out; their voices are heard as far as Jahaz. Therefore the soldiers of Moab cry out; their souls tremble within.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Heshbon cries out with Elealeh. Their voice is heard even to Jahaz. Therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud. Their souls tremble within them.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Heshbon and Elealeh cry out; their voices are heard as far as Jahaz. Therefore the soldiers of Moab cry out; their souls tremble within.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The people of Heshbon and Elealeh cry out, their voices are heard as far away as Jahaz. For this reason Moab’s soldiers shout in distress; their courage wavers.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous unto him.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud; his soul trembleth within him.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto Jahaz: therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud; his soul trembleth within him.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And Heshbon shall cry, and Elealeh: their voice shall be heard even to Jahaz: therefore the armed soldiers of Moab shall cry out; his life shall be grievous to him.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And Heshbon shall crie, and Elealeh: their voyce shall bee heard vnto Iahaz: therefore the warriers of Moab shall showt: the soule of euery one shall lament in him selfe.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And Heshbon crieth, and Elealeh: their voice is heard unto Jahaz. Therefore the armed men of Moab cry out: his soul trembleth in him.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And cry doth Heshbon and Elealeh, Unto Jahaz heard hath been their voice, Therefore the armed ones of Moab do shout, His life hath been grievous to him.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And Heshbon and Elealeh cry, || Their voice has been heard to Jahaz, || Therefore the armed ones of Moab shout, || His life has been grievous to him.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And loud crieth Cheshbon with El'aleh; as far as Yahaz is heard their voice: therefore the armed men of Moab shall howl; its soul is grieved for itself.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Heshbon and Elealeh call out for help; their sound is heard as far as Jahaz. So the armed men of Moab call out for help; they tremble within themselves.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Hesebon shall cry, and Eleale, their voice is heard even to Jasa. For this shall the well appointed men of Moab howl, his soul shall howl to itself.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The people of Heshbon and Elealeh cry out in sadness, their voices heard as far as Jahaz. That's why even the bravest soldiers of Moab shout—because they're so terrified.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Heshbon is crying out, and Elealeh; their voice is sounding even to Jahaz: for this cause the heart of Moab is shaking; his soul is shaking with fear.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbתִּזְעַ֤קit.has.cried.outnoun phrase · subjectחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙Heshbonוְandאֶלְעָלֵ֔הElealehclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדtoיַ֖הַץJahazverbנִשְׁמַ֣עit.has.been.heardnoun phrase · subjectקוֹלָ֑voiceםtheirconjunction phraseprepositional phraseעַלthereforeכֵּ֗ןclausenoun phrase · subjectחֲלֻצֵ֤יthe.equipped.[men]מוֹאָב֙of.Moabverbיָרִ֔יעוּthey.are.shoutingclausenoun phrase · subjectנַפְשׁ֖beingוֹitsverbיָ֥רְעָהit.is.tremblingprepositional phrase · prepositionalלּֽtoוֹit

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents Isaiah 15:4 with the wording that Heshbon and Elealeh cry out, and their voices are heard as far as Jahaz, leading to the soldiers of Moab crying out with trembling souls. The Septuagint aligns closely with the Masoretic Text, matching 13 out of 15 words, although its specific wording and structure differ due to translation choices. The Dead Sea Scrolls, particularly 1Qisaa, largely agree with the Masoretic Text, maintaining the same wording with minor variations in spelling and punctuation. However, 1Q8 shows partial restoration, indicating some textual differences, but the core message remains consistent across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־ יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־ כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַתִּזְעַ֤קκέκραγενחֶשְׁבּוֹן֙εσεβωνוְאֶלְעָלֵ֔הελεαληעַד־ἕωςיַ֖הַץιασσαנִשְׁמַ֣עἠκούσθηקוֹלָ֑םφωνὴעַל־διὰכֵּ֗ןτοῦτοמוֹאָב֙μωαβίτιδοςיָרִ֔יעוּβοᾷנַפְשׁ֖וֹψυξὴיָ֥רְעָהγνώσεται

13 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ותזעק חשבון ואלעלה עד יהצ נשמע קול׳ם על כן חלצי מואב יריעו נפש׳ו ירע ל׳ו

15 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ותזעק [חשבון] [ואלעלה] [עד] [יהץ] [נשמע] [קול׳ם] [על] [כן] [חלצי] [מואב] יריעו נפש׳ו ירעה ל׳ו

2 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 15:4זָעַקand it has and it has crieזָעַקחֶשְׁבּוֹןHeshbonHeshbonחֶשְׁבּוֹןאֶלְעָלֵאand Elealehand Elealehאֶלְעָלֵאעַדtotoעַדיַ֫הַץJahazJahazיַ֫הַץשָׁמַעit has beenit has been heaשָׁמַעקוֹלvoice theirvoice theirקוֹלעַלthere-there-עַלכֵּן-fore-foreכֵּןחָלַץ[the] armed[the] armed [meחָלַץמוֹאָבMoabMoabמוֹאָברוּעַthey are shthey are shoutiרוּעַנֶ֫פֶשׁbeing itsbeing itsנֶ֫פֶשׁיָרַעit is trembit is tremblingיָרַעוֹto itto itוֹאֵלgodgodאֵלכּוּןto establito establish: pכּוּןנָפַשׁbe refreshbe refreshedנָפַשׁחֶשְׁבּוֹןexplanatioexplanationחֶשְׁבּוֹןעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדעַלheightheightעַלאָבfatherfatherאָברָעַעbe evilbe evilרָעַעאֶלְעָלֵאElealehElealehאֶלְעָלֵאתְּרוּעָהshoutshoutתְּרוּעָהיָלַלto wailto wailיָלַלשָׁוַעto cryto cryשָׁוַעסִיחוֹןSihonSihonסִיחוֹןיַ֫הַץJahazJahazיַ֫הַץחֶשְׁבּוֹןHeshbonHeshbonחֶשְׁבּוֹןמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבמֵיפַ֫עַתMephaathMephaathמֵיפַ֫עַת
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 15:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
וַתִּזְעַ֤קva.tiz.'Ak and it has cried out H2199 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
73× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to cry out for help or announce something publicly, often in a loud voice, like a herald calling people together. It is used in the Bible to describe people crying out to God for aid. It can also mean to summon or assemble people.
Amplified meaning
in distress, with a loud voice
Tyndale gloss
to cry out
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זָעַק (za`aq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cry out or call for help, often in a context of distress or need. It can also refer to assembling or summoning people, particularly for military purposes. The word has various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of calling or gathering.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[זָעַק] vb. cry, cry out, call

Qal

call, to one's aid

cry, cry out, in need

Niph. be called together, assemble, join

Hiph.

call, call out, or together, for military service

make a crying

have proclamation made

call out, or at

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2199 זָעַק cry, cry out, call .. call, to one's aid

. cry, cry out, in need

. be called together, assemble, join

. . call, call out, or together, for military service

. make a crying

. have proclamation made

. call out, or at

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2199 za`aq zaw-ak'

a primitive root; to shriek (from anguish or danger); by

analogy, (as a herald) to announce or convene publicly:--

assemble, call (together), (make a) cry (out), come with such

a company, gather (together), cause to be proclaimed.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זָעַק (za.aq) — to cry out.

1) to cry, cry out, call, call for help

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to call (to one's aid)

1a2) to cry, cry out (in need)

1b) (Niphal) to be assembled, be called together, be joined together

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to call, call out, call together, summon

1c2) to make a crying, proclaim

1c3) to have a proclamation made

1c4) to call out to, call out at

Aramaic equivalent: ze.iq (זְעִ֑ק "to cry out" H2200)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙chesh.bOn Heshbon H2809 Noun proper
38× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Heshbon was a city east of the Jordan River, serving as the capital of the Amorites under King Sihon, and later becoming part of the tribes of Reuben and Gad.
Amplified meaning
a city east of the Jordan River
Tyndale gloss
Heshbon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (Cheshbown) refers to a city associated with Sihon, the king of the Amorites. It is described as a stronghold and is located east of the Jordan River, marking the boundary between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The name suggests a connection to the concept of strength.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֶשְׁבּוֹן n.pr.loc. of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2809 חֶשְׁבּוֹן of the city of Sihon king of the Amorites

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2809 Cheshbown khesh-bone'

the same as 2808; Cheshbon, a place East of the

Jordan:--Heshbon.

see HEBREW for 02808

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֶשְׁבּוֹן (chesh.bon) — Heshbon.

§ Heshbon = "stronghold"

the capital city of Sihon, king of the Amorites, located on the western border of the high plain and on the border line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hesh'-bon (cheshbon; Hesebon): The royal city of Sihon king of the Amorites, taken and occupied by the Israelites under Moses (Nu 21:25 f, etc.). It lay on the southern border of Gad (Jos 13:26), and was one of the cities fortified by Reuben (Nu 32:37). It is reckoned among the cities of Gad given to the Merarite Levites (Jos 21:39). In later literature (Isa 15:4; 16:8 f; Jer 48:2,34,45; 49:3) it is referred to as a city of Moab. It passed again into Jewish hands, and is mentioned by Josephus (Ant., XIII, xv, 4) as among their possessions in the country of Moab…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Heshbon

Intelligence, a city ruled over by Sihon, king of the Amorites (Josh. 3:10; 13:17). It was taken by Moses (Num. 21:23-26), and became afterwards a Levitical city (Josh. 21:39) in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:37). After the Exile it was taken possession of by the Moabites (Isa. 15:4; Jer. 48:2, 34, 45). The ruins of this town are still seen about 20 miles east of Jordan from the north end of the Dead Sea. There are reservoirs in this district, which are probably the “fishpools” referred to in Cant. 7:4.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(stronghold), the capital city of Sihon king of the Amorites. (Numbers 21:26) It stood on the western border of the high plain --Mishor, (Joshua 13:17) --and on the boundary line between the tribes of Reuben and Gad. The ruins of Hesban , 20 miles east of the Jordan, on the parallel of the northern end of the Dead Sea mark the site, as they bear the name; of the ancient Heshbon. There are many cisterns among the ruins. Comp. (Solomon 7:4)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A celebrated city of the Amorites, twenty miles east of the mouth of the Jordan, Jos 3:10; 13:17. It was given to Reuben; but was afterwards transferred to Gad, and then to the Levites. It had been conquered from the Moabites by Sihon, and because his capital; and was taken by the Israelites a little before the death of Moses, Nu 21:25; Jos 21:39. After the ten tribes were transplanted into the country beyond the Euphrates, the Moabites recovered it, Isa 15:4; Jer 48:2,34,45. Its ruins are still called Hesban, and cover the sides of a hill seven miles north of Medeba.

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔הve.'el.'a.Leh and Elealeh H500 Conjunction · noun proper
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Elealeh was a place east of the Jordan River, a village of the Reubenites. Its name means 'God is ascending'. It is mentioned in the Bible as a location near Heshbon, and its ruins can still be found today.
Amplified meaning
a village of the Reubenites, meaning 'God is ascending'
Tyndale gloss
Elealeh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶלְעָלֵא (*El`ale*) refers to a village in the tribe of Reuben, located near Heshbon, and is noted to be in ruins. The name is interpreted to mean 'God is ascending.' It is derived from the roots for 'God' and 'to go up,' indicating a possible significance related to ascent.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה n.pr.loc. (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H500 אֶלְעָלֵא, ∥ אֶלְעָלֵה (God doth ascend?) of village in the tribe of Reuben, near Heshbon, in ruins

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

500 'El`ale' el-aw-lay'

or (more properly) GEl aleh {el-aw-lay'}; from 410 and 5927;

God (is) going up; Elale or Elaleh, a place east of the

Jordan:--Elealeh.

see HEBREW for 0410

see HEBREW for 05927

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶלְעָלֵא (el.a.le) — Elealeh.

§ Elealeh = "God is ascending"

a Reubenite village near Heshbon (in ruins)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper
HC/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

e-le-a'-le ('el`aleh, "God has ascended"):

Lay in the country taken from Sihon and within the lot given to Reuben (Nu 32:3,17 f). "Their names being changed" seems to apply to all the towns mentioned. There is no indication of the other names. Elealeh is noticed with Heshbon in the oracles against Moab in Isa 15:4; 16:9; Jer 48:34. Eusebius (Onomasticon) locates it one Roman mile from Heshbon. It is represented today by el'Al, a mound crowned with ruins, about a mile North of Chesban.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Elealeh

God has ascended, a place in the pastoral country east of Jordan, in the tribe of Reuben (Num. 32:3, 37). It is not again mentioned till the time of Isaiah (15:4; 16:9) and Jeremiah (48:34). It is now an extensive ruin called el-A’al, about one mile north-east of Heshbon.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(the ascending of God), a place on the east of Jordan, taken possession of and rebuilt by the tribe of Reuben. (Numbers 32:3,37) By Isaiah and Jeremiah it is mentioned as a Moabite town. (Isaiah 15:4; 16:9; Jeremiah 48:34)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A town of the Amorites, near Heshbon their capital, assigned to the tribe of Reuben, Nu 32:3,37, and long afterwards threatened as a city of Moab, Isa 15:4; 16:9; Jer 48:34. Its ruins, now El- Aal, are a mile or more northeast of Heshban.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
עַד־'ad- to H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Amplified meaning
until, reaching the point of
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
יַ֖הַץYa.hatz Jahaz H3096 Noun proper
9× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jahaz was a place east of the Jordan River where Israel defeated Sihon, the Amorite king. Its exact location is uncertain, but it is mentioned in the Bible as a significant site.
Amplified meaning
a place of Israel's victory over the Amorites
Tyndale gloss
Jahaz
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יַ֫הַץ (yahats) refers to a location, specifically Jahaz, which is described as a place in Moab, though its exact site is uncertain. The name may derive from a root meaning to stamp, possibly relating to a threshing-floor. It is noted in the context of Israel's victory over Sihon, king of the Amorites.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יַ֫הַץ, יַ֫הְצָה n.pr.loc. in Moab, site unknown

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3096 יַ֫הַץ, יַ֫הְצָה in Moab, site unknown

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3096 Yahats yah'-hats

or Yahtsah {yah'-tsaw}; or (feminine) Yahtsah {yah-tsaw'};

from an unused root meaning to stamp; perhaps threshing-floor;

Jahats or Jahtsah, a place East of the Jordan:--Jahaz,

Jahazah, Jahzah.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יַ֫הַץה (ya.hats) — Jahaz.

§ Jahaz or Jahazah or Jahzah = "trodden down"

a place in Reuben east of the Dead Sea where Israel defeated Sihon king of the Amorites; site uncertain

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ja'-haz (yahats, Isa 16:4; Jer 48:34, yahatsah, or yahtsah, Nu 21:23; De 2:32; Jos 13:18; 21:36, the King James Version "Jahazah"; Jud 11:20; Jer 48:21; 1Ch 6:78, "Jahzah"): This is the place where in a great battle Israel overwhelmed Sihon king of the Amorites, and then took possession of all his territory (Nu 21:23, etc.). It is named along with Beth-baal-meon and Kedemoth (

Jahaz

Trodden down (called also Jahaza, Josh. 13:18; Jahazah, 21:36; Jahzah, 1 Chr. 6:78), a town where Sihon was defeated, in the borders of Moab and in the land of the Ammonites beyond Jordan, and north of the river Arnon (Num. 21:23; Deut. 2:32). It was situated in the tribe of Reuben, and was assigned to the Merarite Levites (Josh. 13:18; 21:36). Here was fought the decisive battle in which Sihon (q.v.) was completely routed, and his territory (the modern Belka) came into the possession of Israel. This town is mentioned in the denunciations of the prophets against Moab (

JAHAZAH or JAHZAH, a city in the north of Moab, near which Moses defeated Sihon, Nu 21:23. It was in the limits of Reuben, and was a Levitical city, Jos 21:36. In Isa 15:4, and Jer 48:21, it appears as again in the hands of the Moabites.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Jahazah, quarrel; dispute

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
נִשְׁמַ֣עnish.Ma' it has been heard H8085 Verb · Niphal · perfect third person masculine singular
1,160× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To hear and listen is what this Hebrew word means, often implying attention and obedience. In Exodus and Deuteronomy, it is used when God speaks to the people, and they must listen and obey.
Amplified meaning
perceived and understood
Tyndale gloss
to hear: hear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear

Qal 1052

subj. pers. hum.

י׳ (God) subj.

Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound

be heard of

be regarded, obeyed

= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.

Pi. he caused the people to hear

Hiph. 63

of man

י׳ subj.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8085 שָׁמַע hear

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8085 shama` shaw-mah'

a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with

implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to

tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X

carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,

declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make

to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)

obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,

regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,

understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.

: hear

v

1) to hear, listen to, obey

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)

1a2) to hear of or concerning

1a3) to hear (have power to hear)

1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to

1a5) to understand (language)

1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)

1a7) to listen, give heed

1a7a) to consent, agree

1a7b) to grant request

1a8) to listen to, yield to

1a9) to obey, be obedient

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)

1b2) to be heard of

1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed

1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound

1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)

1d3) to make proclamation, summon

1d4) to cause to be heard

n m

2) sound

שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.

: obey

v

1) to hear, listen to, obey

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)

1a2) to hear of or concerning

1a3) to hear (have power to hear)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Niphal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVNp3ms
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
קוֹלָ֑םko.Lam voice their H6963 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Amplified meaning
sounds or utterances
Tyndale gloss
voice: sound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קוֹל 506 n.m. sound, voice

base

קֹל n.[m.] lightness, frivolity;—Je 3:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6963 qowl kole

or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a

voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),

fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,

proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +

yell.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קוֹל (qol) — voice.

: voice/shout/loud

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קֹל (qol) — frivolity.

lightness, frivolity

קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.

: sound/noise

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.

: thunder

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.

: message/proclaim

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].

: [sound_of](THING)

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.

: listen

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
עַל־'al- there- H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Amplified meaning
in consequence, as a result
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
כֵּ֗ןKen -fore H3651 Adverb
771× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means 'so' or 'thus', often used to show agreement or confirmation, like in the book of Genesis. It can also mean 'rightly' or 'justly', as in doing something the correct way. It appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
right
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest

right

veritable, true

pl. concr. honest (men)

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

כֵּן adv. so

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3651 ken kane

from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as

adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)

rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and

relation; often with other particles):--+ after that

(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be

(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like

(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,

straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,

thus, true, well, X you.

see HEBREW for 03559

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֵּן (ken) — right.

adv

adj

1) right, just, honest, true, veritable

1a) right, just, honest

1b) correct

1c) true, veritable

[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.

adv

forasmuch as, since

כֵּן (ken) — so.

adv

1) so, therefore, thus

1a) thus, so

1b) just so

1c) therefore

1d) so...as (paired with adv)

1e) then

1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)

1g) (with prep)

1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)

1g2) hitherto

1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)

1g4) afterwards

1g5) in such case

Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HD — Adverb
HD
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
חֲלֻצֵ֤יcha.lu.Tzei [the] armed [men] of H2502 Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural common
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To arm or equip for war is the meaning of this verb, used to describe preparing for battle. It is translated as arm, deliver, or strengthen in the KJV Bible.
Amplified meaning
armed men, warriors
Tyndale gloss
to rescue
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָלַץ (chalats) is a Hebrew verb that encompasses a range of meanings related to drawing out or withdrawing, as well as rescuing or delivering. It can also imply equipping for war or strengthening. The entries indicate that it can be used in various forms, including to arm oneself or to be delivered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָלַץ vb. draw off or out, withdraw

Qal

draw, draw off

intrans. withdraw

Niph. be delivered

Pi.

pull out, tear out

rescue, deliver

base

[חָלַץ] vb. equip for war

Qal only Pt. pass.—equipped

as adj.

as subst. sg. coll.

Niph. be or go equipped

Hiph. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2502a חָלַץ draw off or out, withdraw .. draw, draw off

. intrans. withdraw

. be delivered

. . pull out, tear out

. rescue, deliver

H2502b חָלַץ equip for war .only Pt. pass.—equipped . as adj.

. as subst. sq. coll.

. be or go equipped

. will brace up, invigorate, thy bones

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2502 chalats khaw-lats'

a primitive root; to pull off; hence (intensively) to strip,

(reflex.) to depart; by implication, to deliver, equip (for

fight); present, strengthen:--arm (self), (go, ready) armed (X

man, soldier), deliver, draw out, make fat, loose, (ready)

prepared, put off, take away, withdraw self.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to rescue.

1) to draw off or out, withdraw

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to draw, draw off

1a2) to withdraw

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be delivered

1b2) to be saved

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to pull out, tear out

1c2) to rescue, deliver, set free

1c3) to take away, plunder

חָלַץ (cha.lats) — to arm.

1) to equip (for war), arm for war, rescue, be rescued

1a) (Qal) equipped (participle)

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be equipped

1b2) to go equipped

1b3) to be armed

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make strong, brace up

1c2) to invigorate

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine plural common
HVqsmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
מוֹאָב֙mo.'Av Moab H4124 Noun proper
181× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Moab refers to the land and descendants of the son of Lot, who was born out of an incestuous relationship. The land of Moab is mentioned in the book of Numbers and the book of Ruth.
Amplified meaning
a land and people descended from Lot
Tyndale gloss
(Plains of) Moab
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab

Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter

Moab:

= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor

= territory of Moab

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4124 Mow'ab mo-awb

from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;

from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of

Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.

see HEBREW for 01

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.

Moab = "of his father"

the nation descended from the son of Lot

Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)

מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;

son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);

half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);

§ Moab = "of his father"

1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter

2) the nation descended from the son of Lot

3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot

מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.

Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)

§ Moab = "of his father"

the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Moab

The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.

(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).

(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

of his father

Nave's Topical Bible

1. Son of Lot Ge 19:37

2. Plains of

Israelites come in De 2:17,18

Military forces numbered in Nu 26:3,63

The law rehearsed in, by Moses Nu 35; 36; De 29; 30; 31; 32; 33

The Israelites renew their covenant in De 29:1

The land of promise allotted in Jos 13:32

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
יָרִ֔יעוּya.Ri.'u they are shouting H7321 Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine plural
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to shout or make a loud noise, like a war cry or a joyful sound. In Numbers 10:9, the Israelites would shout to sound the alarm for war or to signal a gathering. It is about making a loud noise to get attention.
Amplified meaning
shout, make a loud noise
Tyndale gloss
to shout
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּעַ (ruwa`) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to shout or raise a sound. It encompasses a range of actions, including giving a blast with a horn, shouting in alarm or joy, and even signaling for battle. The word can also imply destruction in certain contexts. The entries highlight its use in various forms, such as Hiphil and Niphal.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רוּעַ] vb. Hiph. 40 1. raise a shout. 2. give a blast with clarion or horn

Pō‛lal. a shout shall not be uttered

Hithpō‛l.

shout in triumph

shout for joy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7321 [רוּעַ] Hiph. 1. raise a shout. 2. give a blast with clarion or horn

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7321 ruwa` roo-ah'

a primitive root; to mar (especially by breaking);

figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for

alarm or joy):--blow an alarm, cry (alarm, aloud, out),

destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout (for joy), sound an

alarm, triumph.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּעַ (ru.a) — to shout.

1) to shout, raise a sound, cry out, give a blast

1a) (Hiphil)

1a1) to shout a war-cry or alarm of battle

1a2) to sound a signal for war or march

1a3) to shout in triumph (over enemies)

1a4) to shout in applause

1a5) to shout (with religious impulse)

1a6) to cry out in distress

1b) (Polal) to utter a shout

1c) (Hithpolel)

1c1) to shout in triumph

1c2) to shout for joy

2) (Niphal) destroyed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVhi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ IN JOY AND PRAISE 1Ch 15:28; 2Ch 15:12-14; Ezr 3:11-13; Ps 5:11; 47:1; Isa 12:6; Lu 17:15; 19:37-41; Ac 3:8,9; Re 5:12-14

and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
נַפְשׁ֖וֹnaf.Sho being its H5315 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
754× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Amplified meaning
the essence of a person, their being
Tyndale gloss
soul
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נֶ֫פֶשׁ (*nephesh*) broadly means 'soul' or 'living being,' encompassing concepts like life, self, person, desire, and emotion. It is derived from the root meaning 'to breathe' and signifies both physical and mental aspects of existence. The lexicons note its use in various contexts, including as the seat of appetites and emotions, though its application to will and character is uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫פֶשׁ 756 n.f. soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion

= that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

The נפשׁ becomes a living being

The נפשׁ is specif.

The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

נ׳ in D

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5315 נֶ֫פֶשׁ soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion . = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being

. The נפשׁ becomes a living being

. The נפשׁ is specif.

. The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself

. נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.)

. נ׳ = seat of emotions and passions

. נפשׁ is used occasionally for mental acts

. נפשׁ for acts of the will is dub.

. נפשׁ = character is still more dub.

. נ׳ in D

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5315 nephesh neh'-fesh

from 5314; properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of

(abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal,

accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental):--any,

appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, X dead(-ly), desire,

X (dis-)contented, X fish, ghost, + greedy, he, heart(-y),

(hath, X jeopardy of) life (X in jeopardy), lust, man, me,

mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-,

thy-)self, them (your)-selves, + slay, soul, + tablet, they,

thing, (X she) will, X would have it.

see HEBREW for 05314

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

1g1) uncertain

1h) activity of the will

1h1) uncertain

1i) activity of the character

1i1) uncertain

נֶ֫פֶשׁ (ne.phesh) — soul: life.

1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion

1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man

1b) living being

1c) living being (with life in the blood)

1d) the man himself, self, person or individual

1e) seat of the appetites

1f) seat of emotions and passions

1g) activity of mind

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3ms
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
יָ֥רְעָהYa.re.'ah it is trembling H3415 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for be ill means to be broken up or fear. It is used to describe trembling or quivering, as seen in Isaiah 15:4.
Amplified meaning
are shaken, quiver
Tyndale gloss
be ill
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָרַע (yara`) is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to quiver or tremble. It is derived from a root meaning to be broken up through violent action, which can also imply a sense of fear. The only Old Testament reference provided is Isaiah 15:4, where it is used in the context of trembling.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָרַע] vb. quiver—Qal Is 15:4

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3415 [יָרַע] quiver

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3415 yara` yaw-rah'

a primitive root; properly, to be broken up (with any violent

action) i.e. (figuratively) to fear:--be grevious (only Isa.

15:4; the rest belong to 7489).

see HEBREW for 07489

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַע (ya.ra) — be ill.

(Qal) to tremble, quiver

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
and it has cried out Heshbon and Elealeh to Jahaz it has been heard voice their there- -fore [the] armed [men] of Moab they are shouting being its it is trembling to it
לּֽוֹ׃lo to it H9033 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

וֹ (o) — him.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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