Isaiah 21:13 — Word Study
WLCמַשָּׂ֖א בַּעְרָ֑ב בַּיַּ֤עַר בַּעְרַב֙ תָּלִ֔ינוּ אֹֽרְח֖וֹת דְּדָנִֽים׃
BSA[This is] the burdenmassâʼ [message from God, prophecy] against ArabiaʻĂrâb [the country east of Palestine] In the thicketsyaʻar [forest, copse of bushes] of ArabiaʻĂrâb you must lodgelûwn▸ [spend the night, tarie] O caravansʼôrᵉchâh [travelling companies, groups of travelers] of DedanitesDᵉdânîym△ [descendants of Dedan, people of a low-lying area]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מַשָּׂ֖א | [the] oracle | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּעְרָ֑ב | on Arabia | Preposition, noun proper |
| בַּיַּ֤עַר | in the thicket[s] | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בַּעְרַב֙ | in Arabia | Preposition, noun proper |
| תָּלִ֔ינוּ | you will lodge | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| אֹֽרְח֖וֹת | O caravans of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| דְּדָנִֽים׃ | Dedanites | Noun gentilic, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites. |
| KJV | ¶ The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. |
| ASV | The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye caravans of Dedanites. |
| YLT | The burden on Arabia. In a forest in Arabia ye lodge, O travellers of Dedanim. |
| WEB | The burden on Arabia. You will lodge in the thickets in Arabia, you caravans of Dedanites. |
| BBE | The word about Arabia. In the thick woods of Arabia will be your night's resting-place, O travelling bands of Dedanites! |
The translations agree on the meaning of the burden against Arabia, with no significant differences noted.
The main clause presents the burden, followed by a prepositional phrase indicating location and a verb phrase that instructs the action.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbלין
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 21:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Burden Against Arabiagenerated
Isaiah 21:13 presents a prophetic burden against Arabia, indicating the hardships that the caravans of Dedanites will face. This verse is part of a larger prophecy that addresses the fate of various nations, emphasizing God's sovereignty over them. The surrounding verses provide context for the message, as they describe the conditions and actions expected of those in the region, such as bringing water to the thirsty and assisting refugees.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Kings 10:15 | not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 25:23–24 | Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who cut the corners of their hair; |
| 3 | Jeremiah 49:28–33 | Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated, this is what the LORD says: “Rise up, advance against Kedar, and destroy the people of the east! |
| 4 | Galatians 4:25 | Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present-day Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. |
| 5 | Isaiah 13:20 | She will never be inhabited or settled from generation to generation; no nomad will pitch his tent there, no shepherd will rest his flock there. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מַשָּׂא, ma.Sa'generated
The word מַשָּׂא (massa') is a noun that refers to an oracle or burden, often conveying a message from God, particularly a prophecy. It is derived from a root meaning to carry or lift, indicating that the message being delivered is significant and weighty.
In this verse, מַשָּׂא sets the tone for the prophetic message against Arabia, suggesting that the burden of this message is heavy and important. The use of this term indicates that the content of the prophecy is not merely informational but carries a divine weight that demands attention.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of מַשָּׂא as 'burden' or 'oracle'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb in this verse is תָּלִ֔ינוּ, you will lodge, which governs the action of the sentence. The structure includes a main clause presenting the burden and additional prepositional phrases that provide context about where the lodging will occur.
The arrangement of the Hebrew words emphasizes the burden against Arabia first, followed by the specific instructions for the Dedanite caravans, highlighting the urgency and significance of the message.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew בַּיַּ֤עַר as ἐν, indicating 'in the thicket'. This choice reflects a direct rendering of the Hebrew term, maintaining the imagery of a dense, wooded area where the caravans are instructed to lodge.
The Greek word ἑσπέρας corresponds to the Hebrew בַּעְרַב, suggesting a focus on the evening time, which aligns with the context of lodging for the night.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 21:13 speaks of a message from God concerning Arabia, instructing the Dedanite caravans on where to spend the night in the thickets. The verse emphasizes the challenges faced by travelers in this region.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The term 'burden' refers to a prophetic message from God regarding the fate of Arabia and the challenges faced by its inhabitants and travelers.
The Dedanite caravans are mentioned as they represent the travelers who will be affected by the conditions in Arabia, highlighting their need for guidance and support.
The thicket represents a place of refuge for the caravans, indicating where they can find shelter during their travels through the harsh landscape of Arabia.
This verse connects with other prophecies that address the fate of nations, emphasizing God's control over their circumstances and the challenges they will face.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from this prophecy about God's messages to nations?
- How can we apply the concept of burdens in our own lives when facing challenges?
- In what ways can we support those who are traveling or in need, similar to the instruction given to the Dedanite caravans?
- What does this verse teach us about the importance of seeking refuge and guidance in difficult times?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early interpretations of this verse highlight its prophetic nature. Here are quotations from Jerome, who discusses the burden against Arabia and the implications for the Dedanites.
Burden in Arabia. In the evening you will sleep in the thicket, in the paths of Dodanim. Bring water to the thirsty ones you encounter: you who live in the land of the South, offer bread to the ones fleeing.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 21 →
Burden in Arabia. This is not found in the edition of the Seventy Interpreters: but what follows is: In the evening you shall sleep in the paths of Dodanim, which is connected with the previous vision, so that it is read, if you seek,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 21 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 21:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe burden upon Arabia,.... Which lay heavy upon it, as a burden upon a beast; or "concerning" it, or "against" it, as Kimchi notes; which Arabia, or what part thereof, is meant, may be gathered from the names after mentioned.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 21 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim. The burden upon Arabia - i:e., respecting.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 21 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleIn the forest; not as you used to do, in the houses or tents of the Arabians; whereby he implies that that populous country should be turned into a desolate wilderness. Travelling companies: in those parts travellers then did and still do go together in companies. See ,28 Job 6:19. Dedanim; or, Dedamites; of whom see on 49:8. These were merchants, and used to trade with Tyre, 38:13, and their way lay through the same parts of Arabia.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 21 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 21:13 The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim.Ver. 13. The burden upon Arabia.] As a burden upon a beast. These Arabians or Hagarens had assisted, likely, Tihakah the Ethiopian against Sennacherib, and are therefore set upon by him. Sure it is they were enemies to the Church. In the forest shall ye lodge.] In the wide and wild woods, glad to lurk anywhere for safety - glad to quit your huts. O ye travelling companies.] Ye troops of travellers.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 21 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(13) The burden upon Arabia.—Better, of the evening land. Here, again, the prophet alters the form of the word (Arab into Ereb) so as to convey a mystic meaning. The land of which he is about to speak is a land of shadow and of gloom. Evening is falling on it. It is a question whether the second Arabia is to retain its geographical form or to be translated “evening,” as before. In any case, of course, Arabia is the country spoken of. The “Dedanites” appear in Jeremiah 49:8; Ezekiel 25:13, and seem from Ezekiel 27:15 to have been dwelling in the neighbourhood of the Edomites (Jeremiah 49:8) as a commercial people trading with Tyre in ebony and ivory. The point of the oracle against them is…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 21 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 13. The burden upon Arabia - "The oracle concerning Arabia"] This title is of doubtful authority. In the first place, because it is not in many of the MSS. of the Septuagint; it is in MSS. Pachom. and I. D. II. only, as far as I can find with certainty. Secondly, from the singularity of the phraseology; for משא massa is generally prefixed to its object without a preposition, as משא בבל massa babel; and never but in this place with the preposition ב beth. Besides, as the word בערב baarab occurs at the very beginning of the prophecy itself, the first word but one, it is much to be suspected that some one, taking it for a proper name and the object of the prophecy, might note it as such…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 21 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesThe oracle on Arabia, Isaiah 21:13-17A vision (Isaiah 21:13-15) and its interpretation (Isaiah 21:16-17). A caravan of the merchant-tribe of Dedan is seen driven by stress of war from the regular route, and lurking in solitary places, destitute of food and water. The travellers are succoured by the hospitality of the neighbouring tribe of Tema (Isaiah 21:13-15). This vision symbolises a great destruction within a short time of the nomadic Arabs, purposed by Jehovah the God of Israel (16 f.). Here again positive indications of date are wanting. If the oracle belongs to the same group as the two which precede, the enemy would be the Persian conquerors of Babylonia, who are represented as…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 21 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnalysis of Isa 21:13-17. - Vision 18. “Arabia.” The remainder of this chapter is occupied with a single prophecy respecting Arabia.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 21 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites.
The burden on Arabia. You will lodge in the thickets in Arabia, you caravans of Dedanites.
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites.
Here is a message about Arabia: In the thicket of Arabia you spend the night, you Dedanite caravans.
Tyndale line
¶ The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanim.
The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye caravans of Dedanites.
The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye travelling companies of Dedanites.
The burden upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye traveling companies of Dedanim.
The burden against Arabia. In the forest of Arabia shall yee tarie all night, euen in the waies of Dedanim.
Strictly literal
The burden against Arabia. In the forest of Arabia shall ye lodge, [ye] caravans of Dedanites.
The burden on Arabia. In a forest in Arabia ye lodge, O travellers of Dedanim.
The burden on Arabia. You lodge in a forest in Arabia, || O caravans of Dedanim.
The doom upon Arabia. In the forest in Arabia shall ye lodge, O ye caravans of Dedanim.
A declaration about Arabia. In the wilderness of Arabia you spend the night, you caravans of Dedanites.
From the Latin
The burden in Arabia. In the forest at evening you shall sleep, in the paths of Dedanim.
Simplified
A message about Arabia. Caravans from Dedan, spend the night in the bushes.
The word about Arabia. In the thick woods of Arabia will be your night's resting-place, O travelling bands of Dedanites!
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text, the Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls all present similar wording for this verse, with minor variations. The Septuagint's translation closely follows the Hebrew structure, while the Dead Sea Scrolls confirm the presence of key terms like מַשָּׂא and בַּעְרָ֑ב.
מַשָּׂ֖א בַּעְרָ֑ב בַּיַּ֤עַר בַּעְרַב֙ תָּלִ֔ינוּ אֹֽרְח֖וֹת דְּדָנִֽים׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
משא בערב ביער בערב תלינו אורחות דודנים
7 words on the leather.
[משא] [בערב] ביער [בערב] [תלינו] [ארחות] [דדנים]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.
[משא] בערב ביער [בערב] [תלינו] [ארחות] [דדנים]
2 words on the leather — 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 21:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מַשָּׂא (massa') refers to a load or burden, encompassing meanings like tribute and lifting. It can also signify an utterance or oracle, often linked to prophecy or song. The word is built from the root meaning to carry or lift, and it appears in contexts related to both physical and figurative burdens.
מַשָּׂא n.m. load, burden, lifting, bearing, tribute
base
מַשָּׂא n.m. utterance, oracle
base
H4853a מַשָּׂא load, burden, lifting, bearing, tribute H4853b מַשָּׂא utterance, oracle
4853 massa' mas-saw'
from 5375; a burden; specifically, tribute, or (abstractly)
porterage; figuratively, an utterance, chiefly a doom,
especially singing; mental, desire:--burden, carry away,
prophecy, X they set, song, tribute.
see HEBREW for 05375
מַשָּׂא (mas.sa) — burden.
1) load, bearing, tribute, burden, lifting
1a) load, burden
1b) lifting, uplifting, that to which the soul lifts itself up
1c) bearing, carrying
1d) tribute, that which is carried or brought or borne
מַשָּׂא (mas.sa) — oracle.
utterance, oracle, burden
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
or'-a-k'-l:
(1) A divine utterance delivered to man, usually in answer to a request for guidance. So in 2Sa 16:23 for dabhar ("word," as in the Revised Version margin). The use in this passage seems to indicate that at an early period oracular utterances were sought from Yahweh by the Israelites, but the practice certainly fell into disuse at the rise of prophecy, and there are no illustrations of the means employed (1Sa 14:18,19,36-42, etc., belong rather to DIVINATION (which see)). In. the Revised Version margin of such passages as Isa 13:1, "oracle" is used in the titles of certain special prophecies as a substitute for BURDEN (which see) (massa'), with considerable advantage (especially in
Oracle
In the Old Testament used in every case, except 2 Sam. 16:23, to denote the most holy place in the temple (1 Kings 6:5, 19-23; 8:6). In 2 Sam. 16:23 it means the Word of God. A man inquired “at the oracle of God” by means of the Urim and Thummim in the breastplate on the high priest’s ephod. In the New Testament it is used only in the plural, and always denotes the Word of God (Rom. 3:2; Heb. 5:12, etc.). The Scriptures are called “living oracles” (comp. Heb. 4:12) because of their quickening power (Acts…
A supernatural communication; applied to single divine revelations and to the entire word of god, Ac 7:38 Ro 3:2 Heb 5:12, etc. It is also spoken of the covering of he ark of the covenant; as if God there sat enthroned, and delivered his oracles, 2Sa 16:23. See MERCY SEAT. In other places, it means the "Holy of Holies" in the temple, where the ark was placed, 1Ki 6:5,16,19 8:6.
Strikingly unlike the true and living oracles of God were the famous counterfeit oracles of numerous heathen temples. The priests who pretended to convey to applicants the responses of their gods, often gave a reply capable of two opposite…
עֲרַב (Arab) refers to a desert-plateau or steppe, and is associated with the region of Arabia, specifically the nomadic desert-dwellers of northern Arabia. The word is built from a root that suggests sterility, indicating the arid landscape. It appears in various contexts related to geography and the people inhabiting these areas.
עֲרַב n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe
base
עֲרָב n.pr.gent.coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia
base
H6152a עֲרַב desert-plateau, steppe H6152b עֲרָב n. pr. gent. coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia
6152 ` Arab ar-awb'
or mArab {ar-ab'}; from 6150 in the figurative sense of
sterility; Arab (i.e. Arabia), a country East of
Palestine:--Arabia.
see HEBREW for 06150
עֲרַב (a.rav) — Arabia.
Arabia, desert-plateau, steppe
Another spelling of a.rav (עֲרָב "Arabia" H6152B)
עֲרָב (a.rav) — Arabia.
the country east and south of Canaan, the nomadic desert Bedouins
This name means steppe-dwellers
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
a-ra'-bi-a (`arabh, Arabia):
I. NAME AND SITUATION
1. Name
2. Situation and Configuration
II. PHYSICAL FEATURES
1. The Desert
2. Climate
3. Mountains
4. Rivers
5. Oases and Wells
III. POLITICAL DIVISIONS
1. Ancient Divisions
2. Modern Divisions
3. Political Situation
4. Chief Towns
IV. FLORA AND FAUNA
1. Flora
2. Fauna
V. INHABITANTS
1. Classification
2. Extinct Tribes
3. South Arabian Tribes
4. Migration of Tribes
5. North Arabian Tribes
6. Other Tribes
7. Foreign Elements
VI. RELIGION
1. Monotheism
2. The Ka`bah, Pilgrimages and Fairs
3. Judaism
4. Christianity
5. Sabianism
6. Seekers after Truth: Islam
LITERATURE
I. Name and Situation.
1. Name:
The Hebrew word `arabh always denotes, strictly speaking, not the country, but the people of Arabia taken collectively, and especially the nomadic Arabs. The name of the country does not occur in the Old Testament, but in the New Testament it is used to denote the Syrian desert…
Arabia
Arid, an extensive region in the south-west of Asia. It is bounded on the west by the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Euphrates. It extends far into the north in barren deserts, meeting those of Syria and Mesopotamia. It is one of the few countries of the world from which the original inhabitants have never been expelled.
It was anciently divided into three parts:, (1.) Arabia Felix (Happy Arabia), so called from its fertility. It embraced a large portion of the country now known by the name of Arabia. The Arabs call it Yemen. It lies between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. (2.) Arabia Deserta, the el-Badieh or “Great Wilderness” of the Arabs. From this name is derived that which is usually given to the nomadic tribes which wander over this region, the “Bedaween,” or, more generally, “Bedouin,” (3.)…
(desert, barren), a country known in the Old Testament under two designations:-- The East Country , (Genesis 25:6) or perhaps the East, ((Genesis 10:30; Numbers 23:7; Isaiah 2:6) and Land of the Sons of the East , (Genesis 29:1) Gentile name, Sons of the East , (Judges 6:3; 7:12; 1 Kings 4:30; Job 1:3; Isaiah 11:14; Jeremiah 49:28; Ezekiel 25:4) From these passages it appears that Land of the East and Sons of…
Is a country of Western Asia, lying south and east of Judea. It extends 1,500 miles from north to south, and 1,200 from east to west. On the north it is bounded by part of Syria, on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Euphrates, on the south by the Arabian Sea and the straits of Babelmandel, and on the west by the Red sea, Egypt, and Palestine. Arabia is distinguished by geographers into three parts-Deserta, Petraea, and Felix.
יַ֫עַר (ya'ar) refers to both a wood or forest and a honeycomb. The word is derived from a root suggesting thick vegetation. It encompasses meanings related to wooded areas and also has a specific reference to honeycomb, possibly due to its association with trees. Some entries connect it to specific locations or phrases in the Old Testament.
יַ֫עַר n.m. wood, forest, thicket
base
יַ֫עַר n.[m.] honeycomb
base
H3293a יַ֫עַר wood, forest, thicket H3293b יַ֫עַר honeycomb
3293 ya`ar yah'-ar
from an unused root probably meaning to thicken with verdure;
a copse of bushes; hence, a forest; hence, honey in the comb
(as hived in trees):--(honey-)comb, forest, wood.
יַ֫עַר (ya.ar) — wood.
forest, wood, thicket, wooded height
Also means: ya.or (יָעוֹר "wood" H3264)
יַ֫עַר (ya.ar) — honeycomb.
honeycomb
יַ֫עַר (ya.ar) — Jaar.
honeycomb
Another name of qir.yat ye.a.rim (קִרְיַת יְעָרִים "Kiriath-jearim" H7157)
יַ֫עַר (ya.ar) — (Ephraim) Forest.
Combined with eph.ra.yim (אֶפְרַ֫יִם " of Ephraim" H0669K)
§ honeycomb
יַ֫עַר (ya.ar) — (House of) the Forest.
Combined with ba.yit (בַּ֫יִת "House" H1004J)
§ honeycomb
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
עֲרַב (Arab) refers to a desert-plateau or steppe, and is associated with the region of Arabia, specifically the nomadic desert-dwellers of northern Arabia. The word is built from a root that suggests sterility, indicating the arid landscape. It appears in various contexts related to geography and the people inhabiting these areas.
עֲרַב n.[m.] desert-plateau, steppe
base
עֲרָב n.pr.gent.coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia
base
H6152a עֲרַב desert-plateau, steppe H6152b עֲרָב n. pr. gent. coll. steppe-dwellers of N. Arabia
6152 ` Arab ar-awb'
or mArab {ar-ab'}; from 6150 in the figurative sense of
sterility; Arab (i.e. Arabia), a country East of
Palestine:--Arabia.
see HEBREW for 06150
עֲרַב (a.rav) — Arabia.
Arabia, desert-plateau, steppe
Another spelling of a.rav (עֲרָב "Arabia" H6152B)
עֲרָב (a.rav) — Arabia.
the country east and south of Canaan, the nomadic desert Bedouins
This name means steppe-dwellers
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
a-ra'-bi-a (`arabh, Arabia):
I. NAME AND SITUATION
1. Name
2. Situation and Configuration
II. PHYSICAL FEATURES
1. The Desert
2. Climate
3. Mountains
4. Rivers
5. Oases and Wells
III. POLITICAL DIVISIONS
1. Ancient Divisions
2. Modern Divisions
3. Political Situation
4. Chief Towns
IV. FLORA AND FAUNA
1. Flora
2. Fauna
V. INHABITANTS
1. Classification
2. Extinct Tribes
3. South Arabian Tribes
4. Migration of Tribes
5. North Arabian Tribes
6. Other Tribes
7. Foreign Elements
VI. RELIGION
1. Monotheism
2. The Ka`bah, Pilgrimages and Fairs
3. Judaism
4. Christianity
5. Sabianism
6. Seekers after Truth: Islam
LITERATURE
I. Name and Situation.
1. Name:
The Hebrew word `arabh always denotes, strictly speaking, not the country, but the people of Arabia taken collectively, and especially the nomadic Arabs. The name of the country does not occur in the Old Testament, but in the New Testament it is used to denote the Syrian desert…
Arabia
Arid, an extensive region in the south-west of Asia. It is bounded on the west by the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Euphrates. It extends far into the north in barren deserts, meeting those of Syria and Mesopotamia. It is one of the few countries of the world from which the original inhabitants have never been expelled.
It was anciently divided into three parts:, (1.) Arabia Felix (Happy Arabia), so called from its fertility. It embraced a large portion of the country now known by the name of Arabia. The Arabs call it Yemen. It lies between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. (2.) Arabia Deserta, the el-Badieh or “Great Wilderness” of the Arabs. From this name is derived that which is usually given to the nomadic tribes which wander over this region, the “Bedaween,” or, more generally, “Bedouin,” (3.)…
(desert, barren), a country known in the Old Testament under two designations:-- The East Country , (Genesis 25:6) or perhaps the East, ((Genesis 10:30; Numbers 23:7; Isaiah 2:6) and Land of the Sons of the East , (Genesis 29:1) Gentile name, Sons of the East , (Judges 6:3; 7:12; 1 Kings 4:30; Job 1:3; Isaiah 11:14; Jeremiah 49:28; Ezekiel 25:4) From these passages it appears that Land of the East and Sons of…
Is a country of Western Asia, lying south and east of Judea. It extends 1,500 miles from north to south, and 1,200 from east to west. On the north it is bounded by part of Syria, on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Euphrates, on the south by the Arabian Sea and the straits of Babelmandel, and on the west by the Red sea, Egypt, and Palestine. Arabia is distinguished by geographers into three parts-Deserta, Petraea, and Felix.
לוּן (luwn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to lodge or pass the night, and it can also imply abiding or remaining. It has a negative connotation when referring to murmuring or complaining. The word can be used in various forms, including Qal, Hiphil, and Hithpalpel, indicating different nuances of lodging and grumbling.
לוּן, לִין vb. lodge, pass the night, fig. abide
Qal
lodge, pass the night
fig. abide, remain
Hiph. cause to rest, lodge
Hithpalp. dwell, abide, of eagle
base
[לוּן] vb. murmur
Niph. murmur against
Hiph. murmur; cause to murmur
base
H3885a לוּן, לִין lodge, pass the night, fig. abide H3885b לוּן murmur
3885 luwn loon
or liyn {leen}; a primitive root; to stop (usually over
night); by implication, to stay permanently; hence (in a bad
sense) to be obstinate (especially in words, to
complain):--abide (all night), continue, dwell, endure,
grudge, be left, lie all night, (cause to) lodge (all night,
in, -ing, this night), (make to) murmur, remain, tarry (all
night, that night).
לוּן (lun) — to lodge.
1) to lodge, stop over, pass the night, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to lodge, pass the night
1a2) to abide, remain (fig.)
1b) (Hiphil) to cause to rest, lodge
1c) (Hithpalpel) to dwell, abide
לוּן (lun) — to grumble.
1) to grumble, complain, murmur
1a) (Niphal) to grumble, murmur
1b) (Hiphil) to complain, cause to grumble
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVqi2mp
loj (lin; kataskenoo, etc.): To stay or dwell, temporarily, as for the night (Ge 32:13,21; Nu 22:8; Jos 2:1 the King James Version; Jos 4:3; Lu 13:19; Mt 21:17, aulizomai), or permanently (Ru 1:16). In Isa 1:8, "a lodge (melunah) in a garden of cucumbers," the meaning is "hut," "cottage." "Evil thoughts" are said to "lodge" in the wicked (Jer 4:14).
Lodge
A shed for a watchman in a garden (Isa. 1:8). The Hebrew name melunah is rendered “cottage” (q.v.) in Isa. 24:20. It also denotes a hammock or hanging-bed.
See GARDEN.
אֹרְחָה (orchah) refers to a travelling company or caravan, derived from the verb meaning to host or entertain. The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its use as a feminine active participle related to the concept of travel.
[אֹרְחָה] n.f. travelling company, caravan (strictly Pt. of אָרַח)
base
H736 [אֹרְחָה] travelling company, caravan (strictly Pt. of אָרַח)
736 'orchah o-rekh-aw'
feminine active participle of 732; a caravan:--(travelling)
company.
see HEBREW for 0732
אֹרְחָה (o.re.chah) — caravan.
caravan, travelling company
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
דְּדָנִי (Ddaniym) is a plural noun meaning 'Dedanites,' referring to the descendants or inhabitants of Dedan. It is derived from the root word דְּדָן (Dedan), which is associated with a 'low country.' The term appears in Isaiah 21:13.
[דְּדָנִי] adj.gent. only pl. as subst. Is 21:13.
ref
H1720 [דְּדָנִי] only pl. as subst.
1720 Ddaniym ded-aw-neem'
plural of 1719 (as patrial); Dedanites, the descendants or
inhabitants of Dedan:--Dedanim.
see HEBREW for 01719
דְּדָנִי (de.da.nim) — Dedanite.
Group of de.dan (דְּדָן "Dedan" H1719A)
§ Dedanim = "low country"
descendants or inhabitants of Dedan
Ngmpa — Noun gentilic · masculine plural absoluteHNgmpa